CN219144503U

CN219144503U - Cone-type conformal phased array antenna

Info

Publication number: CN219144503U
Application number: CN202320084643.3U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李灵利; 齐文超; 高子健
Original assignee: Beijing Huahang Radio Measurement Research Institute
Current assignee: Beijing Huahang Radio Measurement Research Institute
Priority date: 2022-01-30
Filing date: 2023-01-29
Publication date: 2023-06-06
Anticipated expiration: 2033-01-29

Abstract

The utility model relates to a frustum-shaped phased array antenna, belongs to the technical field of phased array antennas, and solves the problems of narrow scanning range and limited instantaneous signal bandwidth of a planar phased array antenna in the prior art. The utility model comprises a cone frustum and a plurality of antenna modules, wherein the antenna modules are distributed on the side surface of the cone frustum from top to bottom along the generatrix of the cone frustum, n is more than or equal to 3, m is more than or equal to 3, and in the n layer, the adjacent antenna modules are separated by theta/n, and theta=360 degrees/m; the antenna module comprises i X j microstrip antenna units, the patch rotation angles of the microstrip antenna units on each antenna module are consistent, the antenna modules in two adjacent quadrants are mirrored along an X or Y axis, and the polarization angles of the antenna modules in two adjacent quadrants are different by 90 degrees. The utility model has large scanning range and wide instantaneous signal bandwidth.

Description

Cone-type conformal phased array antenna

The application requires 202210105400.3 and 2022.01.30, and the utility model creates priority for a frustum type conformal phased array antenna.

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of phased array antennas, in particular to a frustum type conformal phased array antenna.

Background

Phased array antennas have the capability of rapid changes in beam direction and beam shape, are easy to form into multiple beams, and can achieve signal power synthesis in space. The characteristics lead the phased array antenna to be widely applied to the fields of radar, communication, electronic war, navigation and the like, and at present, the phased array antenna adopted in the fields is basically a planar phased array antenna, each unit in the array antenna is arranged on the surface of a platform, the surface of the array antenna is matched with the shape of the platform, and a conformal array antenna can be formed.

The conformal phased array has better scanning beam characteristics in the aspects of scanning range, simultaneous multi-target and the like compared with the traditional planar phased array. To meet the quote requirements of full airspace and multiple targets at the same time, a conformal phased array antenna becomes an important direction of phased array antenna technology development.

However, since the beam width of the planar phased array antenna varies with the scanning angle of the antenna beam, the gain decreases with the increase of the scanning angle, so that the scanning range of the antenna is narrow, the instantaneous signal bandwidth is limited, and the wide-angle scanning is difficult to realize.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above analysis, the embodiment of the utility model aims to provide a frustum-shaped conformal phased array antenna, which is used for solving the problems of narrow scanning range and limited instantaneous signal bandwidth of the conventional planar phased array antenna.

The utility model provides a frustum-shaped conformal phased array antenna, which comprises a frustum cone and a plurality of antenna modules, wherein the antenna modules are distributed on the side surface of the frustum cone from top to bottom in a layered manner along a frustum generatrix, n is more than or equal to 3, m is more than or equal to 3, and in the n layer, the adjacent antenna modules are separated by theta/n, and theta=360 degrees/m; the antenna module comprises i X j microstrip antenna units, the patch rotation angles of the microstrip antenna units on each antenna module are consistent, the antenna modules in two adjacent quadrants are mirrored along an X or Y axis, and the polarization angles of the antenna modules in two adjacent quadrants are different by 90 degrees.

Further, the antenna module further comprises a printed board, a mounting plate and a connector, wherein the microstrip antenna unit is arranged on the printed board, and the printed board and the connector are respectively arranged on two sides of the mounting plate.

Further, the connector is used for feeding the microstrip antenna element.

Further, the printed board is provided with a mounting hole for placing the microstrip antenna unit.

Further, the printed board is provided with a first top wire hole and 2 through holes, and the first top wire hole is positioned between 2 through holes.

Further, one side of the mounting plate is provided with a step hole for placing the connector, the other side of the mounting plate is provided with a groove, and the step hole is opposite to the mounting hole.

Further, the groove is arranged on the contact surface of the printed board and the mounting plate.

Further, a counter bore and a second top thread hole are formed in the mounting plate, the counter bore is opposite to the through hole, and the second top thread hole is opposite to the first top thread hole.

Further, the printed board and the mounting plate are both of cuboid structures.

Further, i is equal to or greater than 2, and j is equal to or greater than 2.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

(1) The frustum type conformal phased array antenna is adopted, when the frustum type conformal phased array antenna scans at a large angle, the polarization component is larger than the planar phased array antenna in the azimuth or pitching direction, so that the scanning range is large, and the instantaneous signal bandwidth is wide; the frustum-shaped conformal phased array antenna is conformal with the projectile body, so that the influence of the antenna on the aerodynamic performance of the platform can be reduced, and the radar performance is improved.

(2) According to the frustum-shaped conformal phased array antenna, the groove is formed in the contact surface of the printed board and the mounting plate, a certain amount of solder is stored in the groove, and the welding strength of the printed board and the mounting plate is guaranteed.

In the utility model, the technical schemes can be mutually combined to realize more preferable combination schemes. Additional features and advantages of the utility model will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the utility model. The objectives and other advantages of the utility model may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.

Drawings

The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the utility model, like reference numerals being used to refer to like parts throughout the several views.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a frustum-shaped conformal phased array antenna according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a bottom view of FIG. 1 of an exemplary embodiment;

fig. 3 is an exploded view of an antenna module structure according to an embodiment;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram (a) of an antenna module structure without a connector according to an embodiment;

fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an antenna module structure without a connector according to an embodiment (ii);

fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a polarization angle of a microstrip patch unit according to an embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a plot of azimuth and differential directions for a normal radiation simulation of an embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a graph of pitch and differential direction for a normal radiation simulation of an embodiment;

FIG. 9 is a view of an embodiment of an azimuthal scan pattern;

fig. 10 is a pitch scan pattern of an embodiment.

Reference numerals:

1-an antenna module; 11-microstrip antenna elements; 12-a printed board; 121-a through hole; 122-a first top wire hole; 13-mounting plates; 131-a step hole; 132-grooves; 133-counter bore; 134-a second top wire hole; a 14-connector; 2-truncated cone.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the utility model is made in connection with the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and together with the description of the embodiments of the utility model, are used to explain the principles of the utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of the utility model.

In one embodiment of the present utility model, a frustum-shaped conformal phased array antenna is disclosed, as shown in fig. 1-10.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the frustum-shaped conformal phased array antenna includes a frustum 2 and a plurality of antenna modules 1, the antenna modules 1 are layered from top to bottom along a frustum bus on a side surface of the frustum 2, a first layer is provided with m antenna modules 1, adjacent antenna modules 1 are spaced apart by θ=360°/m, a second layer is provided with 2*m antenna modules 1, in the layer, adjacent antenna modules 1 are spaced apart by θ/2, a third layer is provided with 3*m antenna modules 1, in the layer, adjacent antenna modules 1 are spaced apart by θ/3, i.e., an nth layer is provided with n×m (n is greater than or equal to 3, m is greater than or equal to 3) antenna modules 1, in the layer, adjacent antenna modules 1 are spaced apart by θ/n.

In this embodiment, three layers of antenna modules 1 are arranged along the bus direction of the truncated cone 2, the number of the first layer of antenna modules 1 is 8, the spacing angle is 45 °, the number of the second layer of antenna modules 1 is 16, the spacing angle is 22.5 °, the number of the third layer of antenna modules 1 is 24, and the spacing angle is 11.25 °. And slotting at the corresponding position of each antenna module 1 on the cone frustum 2, and fixing the antenna modules 1 on the cone frustum 2 by using screws to form the cone frustum type conformal phased array antenna.

As shown in fig. 3, the antenna module 1 includes a microstrip antenna unit 11, a printed board 12, a mounting board 13, and a connector 14, the microstrip antenna unit 11 is disposed on the printed board 12, the connector 14 is disposed on one side of the mounting board 13 for feeding the microstrip antenna unit 11, and the printed board 12 is disposed on the other side of the mounting board 13.

Specifically, the printed board 12 is a rectangular thin board, in order to place the microstrip antenna unit 11, a mounting hole is formed in the printed board 12, the microstrip antenna unit 11 is disposed in the mounting hole, i×j (i is greater than or equal to 2, j is greater than or equal to 2) microstrip antenna units can be disposed on each printed board 12, i.e., i×j microstrip antenna unit mounting holes are disposed on the printed board 12. Preferably, the printed board 12 is provided with 2×4 mounting holes for placing microstrip antenna elements.

It should be noted that, if higher gain and higher band are required, the number of microstrip antenna units 11 in the antenna module 1 may be increased, for example, 2*5, 3×4 or more, or the number of antenna modules 1 may be increased.

As shown in fig. 6, the top view of the truncated cone 2 is divided into four quadrants, and the polarization angle of each quadrant is any value of 0 to 90 ° for the patch tilt angle α of the microstrip antenna unit 11, in this embodiment, the patch tilt angle α=45°, that is, the antenna modules 1 in this embodiment are divided into two types, one type is a radiation patch rotated 45 °, and the other type is a radiation patch rotated 135 °, that is, the polarization angles of the antenna modules 1 in each quadrant are identical. If the antenna form such as other polarized antennas or the frustum size is replaced, the value of alpha can be changed according to different requirements, and the optimal cross polarization can be found, so that the cross polarization of the whole array is optimized and improved.

In this embodiment, the rotation angles of the patches of the microstrip antenna units 11 on each antenna module 1 are identical, and the antenna modules in two adjacent quadrants are mirrored along the X or Y axis; the polarization angles of the antenna modules 1 of adjacent two quadrants differ by 90 °.

Further, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the printed board 12 is provided with through holes 121 and first top wire holes 122, the through holes 121 are provided with 2, the first top wire holes 122 are provided with 1, the first top wire holes 122 are located between the two through holes 121, and the first top wire holes 122 are located at the center of the printed board 12.

Preferably, the printed board 12 is a board with the trade name of RO4350B and the thickness of 0.762mm, the feeding mode is bottom center coaxial feeding, and the feeding interface is an SMP standard connector.

As shown in fig. 3 and fig. 5, the mounting plate 13 is in a cuboid structure, one side of the mounting plate 13 is provided with step holes 131 for placing the connectors 14, the other side is provided with grooves 132, the grooves 132 are arranged on the contact side of the printed board 12 and the mounting plate 13, the number and arrangement of the step holes 131 are the same as those of the mounting holes of the microstrip antenna units, and preferably, the number of the step holes 131 is 2×4.

In this embodiment, a groove 132 is provided on the contact surface between the printed board 12 and the mounting board 13, and a certain amount of solder is stored in the groove 132 to ensure the welding strength between the printed board 12 and the mounting board 13.

In order to connect with the truncated cone 2, as shown in fig. 3 and 5, the mounting plate 13 is provided with two counter bores 133 and two second top thread holes 134, the counter bores 133 are opposite to the through holes 121, and the second top thread holes 134 are opposite to the first top thread holes 122 by 1.

In this embodiment, the full frustum phased array antenna is arranged based on 2×4 antenna subarrays. Three layers are distributed along the bus direction of the frustum 2, and the number of the sub-arrays distributed on each layer is 8, 16 and 24 respectively from top to bottom. The four quadrant cell polarization deflection angles are-45 degrees, -135 degrees, 135 degrees and 45 degrees respectively.

Simulation results of the conformal phased array antenna are shown in table 1, fig. 7, fig. 8, fig. 9 and fig. 10, and simulation data show that in a scanning range of 0-60 degrees, the gain is more than 24dB, the scanning angle is continuously increased, and the gain in the azimuth direction is obviously reduced; the beam width in azimuth and elevation direction in the scanning range is basically consistent; the side lobe level is minimum when the scanning angle is 45 degrees, and the side lobe level is lifted along with the deviation of the scanning angle by taking the side lobe level as the center; pitching cross polarization is far superior to azimuthal cross polarization over the scan range.

Table 1 antenna array simulation data summary table (f) ₀ )

The present utility model is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present utility model are intended to be included in the scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. The frustum-shaped conformal phased array antenna is characterized by comprising a frustum (2) and a plurality of antenna modules (1), wherein the antenna modules (1) are distributed on the side surface of the frustum (2) from top to bottom in a layered manner along a frustum bus, n-th layers are provided with n x m antenna modules (1), n is more than or equal to 3, m is more than or equal to 3, and in n-th layers, adjacent antenna modules (1) are separated by theta/n, and theta=360 DEG/m; the antenna module (1) comprises i×j microstrip antenna units (11), the patch rotation angles of the microstrip antenna units (11) on each antenna module (1) are consistent, the antenna modules (1) of two adjacent quadrants are mirror images along an X or Y axis, and the polarization angles of the antenna modules (1) of the two adjacent quadrants are different by 90 degrees.

2. The frustum-shaped conformal phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein the antenna module (1) further comprises a printed board (12), a mounting board (13) and a connector (14), the microstrip antenna unit (11) is arranged on the printed board (12), and the printed board (12) and the connector (14) are respectively arranged on two sides of the mounting board (13).

3. The frustum-shaped conformal phased array antenna of claim 2, wherein the connector (14) is used to feed the microstrip antenna element (11).

4. The frustum-shaped conformal phased array antenna of claim 2, wherein the printed board (12) is provided with mounting holes for placing the microstrip antenna elements (11).

5. The frustum-shaped conformal phased array antenna of any of claims 2-4, wherein the printed board (12) is provided with a first top wire hole (122) and 2 through holes (121), the first top wire hole (122) being located between 2 of the through holes (121).

6. The frustum-shaped conformal phased array antenna of claim 4, wherein one side of the mounting plate (13) is provided with a stepped hole (131) for receiving the connector (14), and the other side is provided with a groove (132), and the stepped hole (131) is opposite to the mounting hole.

7. The frustum-shaped conformal phased array antenna of claim 6, wherein the groove (132) is provided on a contact surface of the printed board (12) and the mounting plate (13).

8. The frustum-shaped conformal phased array antenna of claim 5, wherein a counter bore (133) and a second top wire hole (134) are provided on the mounting plate (13), the counter bore (133) is directly opposite to the through hole (121), and the second top wire hole (134) is directly opposite to the first top wire hole (122).

9. The frustum-shaped conformal phased array antenna of any of claims 2-4, 6-8, wherein the printed board (12) and the mounting plate (13) are both cuboid structures.

10. The frustum-shaped conformal phased array antenna of any of claims 1-4, 6-8, wherein i is greater than or equal to 2 and j is greater than or equal to 2.