CN219141891U

CN219141891U - Snow depth measurement wireless data transmission system for national park and natural protected area

Info

Publication number: CN219141891U
Application number: CN202221907989.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨斌; 陈涛; 朱策; 殷虹娇; 张鹏; 王永峰; 郭强辉
Original assignee: Tianjin Nanxuan Intelligent Technology Co ltd; Beijing Deepiot Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Tianjin Nanxuan Intelligent Technology Co ltd; Beijing Deepiot Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-07-22
Filing date: 2022-07-22
Publication date: 2023-06-06
Anticipated expiration: 2032-07-22

Abstract

The utility model discloses a snow depth measurement wireless data transmission system for a national park and a natural protected area, which comprises a data acquisition and transmission terminal device, wherein 4 485 interfaces are arranged on the terminal device, and the terminal device is respectively connected with a laser snow depth measurement sensor, a shutter box temperature and humidity transmitter, a wind speed transmitter and a wind direction transmitter through the 485 interfaces. The system can support RS485 standard protocol, can collect meteorological data such as snow depth, wind power, wind direction, temperature and humidity through an industrial environmental sensor, and uploads effective data to a cloud server through a GPRS network.

Description

Snow depth measurement wireless data transmission system for national park and natural protected area

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of detection systems, and particularly relates to a wireless data transmission system for snow depth measurement of a national park and a natural protected area.

Background

National parks and natural protected areas are an important ecological environment, and have important significance for maintaining water circulation in nature and supporting human social activities, in recent years, with global warming caused by greenhouse effect and continuous development of coastal urban economy, the influence of human beings on the environment of the natural protected areas is increased, and part of the natural protected areas have environmental degradation conditions, and snow accumulation parameters (snow area, snow depth, snow density and snow quantity) are also main input parameters of energy balance, climate, hydrology and ecological models in the related scientific research fields. Snow has high albedo, strong heat radiation and high heat insulation properties compared with other objects constituting the ground surface, such as nori water, soil, vegetation, etc., and their influence on the ground surface radiation balance results in a strong cooling effect on the snow surface and the underlying atmosphere, thereby affecting the climate environment of the snow area and forcing the heat generation force on the atmospheric ring. Because of the importance of snow, the method can accurately monitor the characteristic parameters of seasonal or permanent snow accumulation time, snow depth, snow accumulation, snow water equivalent and the like of different areas in different flow domains, and objectively and quantitatively describe the regional snow accumulation parameters, so that the method becomes an important research target.

The patent application designs an industrial laser snow depth measuring and wireless data transmission system based on the Internet of things in a natural protection area aiming at the problems that the climate conditions of a national park and a natural protection area are bad, common civil equipment cannot work normally, a weather monitoring station is far away from the protection area, the measured data is inconsistent with the live condition in the protection area, the environment protection measures are not beneficial to timely and effectively implemented, and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a wireless data transmission system for snow depth measurement of a national park and a natural protected area. The system can support RS485 standard protocol, can collect meteorological data such as snow depth, wind power, wind direction, temperature and humidity through an industrial environmental sensor, and uploads effective data to a cloud server through a GPRS network.

The utility model is realized by the following technical scheme:

a wireless data transmission system for snow depth measurement of a national park and a natural protected area comprises a data acquisition and transmission terminal device, wherein 4 485 interfaces are arranged on the terminal device, and the terminal device is respectively connected with a laser snow depth measurement sensor, a shutter box temperature and humidity transmitter, a wind speed transmitter and a wind direction transmitter through the 485 interfaces; the terminal device is provided with a power interface which is connected with the photovoltaic panel;

the data acquisition and transmission terminal device comprises a main control unit, a wireless communication module, a 485 communication module, a positioning module, an SD card module, a display screen and a power management system; the SD card module, the display screen, the 485 communication module and the wireless communication module are all connected with the main control unit, the positioning module is connected with a 485 bus of the 485 communication module, and 4 485 interfaces are connected in parallel with the 485 bus of the 485 communication module and are used for being respectively connected with a laser snow depth measuring sensor, a shutter box temperature and humidity transmitter, a wind speed transmitter and a wind direction transmitter.

In the above technical solution, the master control unit adopts a master control chip STM32F103RET6.

In the above technical scheme, the wireless communication module is of the type SIM800C, and pin 39 of SIM800C is connected to the PCO pin of the master control chip STM32F103RET6 through the triode Q1, and is used for controlling the pin 39 in the communication module to be turned on or off;

pins

1 and 2 of the SIM800C are connected with pins PA3 and PA2 of the STM32F103RET6, and

pins

6 and 7 of the SIM800C are connected with pins PC2 and PC3 of the STM32F103RET 6; the GSM antenna interface of SIM800C connects the antennas.

In the technical scheme, the 485 communication module adopts a MAX485 chip, the pin 2 and the pin 3 of the MAX485 chip are connected together and connected to the PC6 pin of the STM32F103RET6, the pin 6 and the pin 7 of the MAX485 chip are connected with the RS485 bus, and a plurality of required 485 interfaces are separated.

In the above technical scheme, the positioning module adopts a GPS/Beidou positioning module.

In the above technical scheme, the power management system comprises a solar charging controller, a storage battery and a voltage reduction module, wherein the output end of the photovoltaic panel is connected with the input end of the solar controller, the output end of the solar controller is connected with the storage battery, the output end of the storage battery is connected with the voltage reduction module, and the voltage reduction module converts the voltage reduction module into 5V and 3.3V to supply power for the main control chip and each module.

In the above technical solution, the buck module includes a first buck chip and a second buck chip, where the first buck chip adopts a switching power supply conversion chip TPS5430, and the second buck chip adopts a low-dropout linear voltage stabilizing chip RT9193-3.3.

In the technical scheme, the solar charging controller is also connected to the bus of the 485 communication module, so that the main control chip can collect working parameters of the solar charging controller.

In the above technical scheme, the data acquisition and transmission terminal device comprises a shell formed by enclosing an upper shell, a bottom shell, a left side plate and a right side plate, and a circuit board and a display screen which are arranged in the shell, wherein a rectangular hole is formed in the upper shell and used for leaking the display screen; a plurality of 485 interfaces are arranged on the left side plate, and an antenna is arranged on the right side plate.

In the technical scheme, the wind speed transducer adopts an RS-FS-N01 wind speed transducer.

In the technical scheme, the wind direction transmitter adopts the RS-FX-N01 wind direction transmitter.

The utility model has the advantages and beneficial effects that:

the system can support RS485 standard protocol, can collect meteorological data such as snow depth, wind power, wind direction, temperature and humidity through an industrial environmental sensor, and uploads effective data to the cloud server through a GPRS network. Is particularly suitable for being used in areas with severe climatic conditions such as national parks, natural protected areas and the like.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the system as a whole.

Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the external form of the data acquisition and transmission terminal device.

Fig. 3 is a circuit system configuration diagram of the entire system.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a minimum system of a main control chip (single chip microcomputer).

Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a wireless communication module.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a 485 communication module circuit.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a 12V buck to 5V circuit.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a circuit for step down to 3.3V.

Fig. 9 is a 485 communication principle flow chart.

Other relevant drawings may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art from the above figures without undue burden.

Detailed Description

In order to make the person skilled in the art better understand the solution of the present utility model, the following describes the solution of the present utility model with reference to specific embodiments.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1, a wireless data transmission system for snow depth measurement in national parks and natural protected areas comprises a data acquisition and transmission terminal device, wherein a plurality of 485 interfaces are arranged on the terminal device, and the terminal device is respectively connected with a laser snow depth measurement sensor, a shutter box temperature and humidity transmitter, a wind speed transmitter and a wind direction transmitter through the 485 interfaces; the terminal device is provided with a power interface which is connected with the photovoltaic panel.

The external structure of the data acquisition and transmission terminal device is shown in fig. 2, and the external structure of the data acquisition and transmission terminal device comprises a shell formed by enclosing an upper shell 1, a bottom shell 6, a left side plate 5 and a right side plate 7, a circuit board 4 and a display screen 2 which are arranged in the shell, wherein a rectangular hole is formed in the upper shell 1 and used for leaking the display screen 2; a plurality of 485 interfaces are arranged on the left side plate 5, and an antenna 3 is arranged on the right side plate 7.

The circuit system of the data acquisition and transmission terminal device is shown in fig. 3, and comprises a main control unit, a wireless communication module, a 485 communication module, a positioning module, an SD card module, a display screen and a power management system. The power management system utilizes solar illumination to supply power to the whole system, the positioning module is used for acquiring longitude and latitude data of a monitoring site, the wireless communication module transmits data to the cloud server through a wireless communication network, the SD card module is used for storing the data, the display screen is used for displaying the data, and the 485 communication module is used for realizing connection of the main control unit with the laser snow depth measuring sensor, the shutter box temperature and humidity transmitter, the wind speed transmitter and the wind direction transmitter. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

the main control unit adopts a main control chip STM32F103RET6, and the circuit of the minimum system is shown in figure 4. The core processor of STM32F103RET6 is a 32-bit Cortex-M3 CPU under ARM architecture, the highest working frequency can reach 72MHz, and complex multiplication and division operations between floating point numbers can be performed. The chip has very rich hardware resources: in terms of program and data storage, the flash memory contains 512K bytes and SRAM up to 64K bytes; in terms of peripheral interfaces, it has 3 high precision ADCs, up to 11 timers, and other various communication interfaces. Such as IIC interface, serial port, SPI interface, CAN interface, USB interface, and SDIO interface.

The wireless communication module circuit is shown in fig. 5. Because the design of the system is initially to enable the whole monitoring station to be placed beside a natural protection area or a national park, the wireless communication module is required to meet the requirements of stable, reliable and high real-time communication. The real-time performance is mainly reflected in the fact that the transmission rate of data is high, namely the communication frequency is high enough; the reliability requires that the communication module can work under the conditions of lower power consumption, difficult damage and severe environmental temperature. The wireless communication module selected in this embodiment is SIM800C, which is considered comprehensively from many aspects. The SIM800C is a wireless communication module capable of supporting four-frequency GSM/GPRS, has 24Mbit FLASH and 32Mbit RAM, can realize transmission of voice, SMS and data information, and has stable performance and high cost performance. The working frequency band is as follows: GSM850, EGSM900, DCS1800 and PCS1900MHz. The module provides a rich hardware interface: the two serial ports can be used for receiving and transmitting data; the single-path USB interface is convenient for users to debug and download; the single-channel audio interface can perform voice interaction; a single SIM card interface and supports bluetooth functions. Pin 39 of SIM800C is connected to the PCO pin of master control chip STM32F103RET6 through transistor Q1, and is used to control pin 39 (PWRKEY) in the communication module to switch on and off;

pins

6 and 7 of the SIM800C are connected with pins PC2 and PC3 of the STM32F103RET 6; the SIM800C also provides two antenna interfaces, and the system mainly improves the signal strength and stability through the GSM antenna interface to realize functions of GPRS network access, data communication and the like. Due to the higher frequency of communication.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the circuit of the 485 communication module is a MAX485 chip U12, the MAX485 chip is a low-power consumption transceiver based on the RS485 serial bus standard, the pin 2 and the pin 3 of the MAX485 chip are connected together and connected to the PC6 pin of the STM32F103RET6, when the PC6 pin of the STM32F103RET6 outputs a high level, the MAX485 is used for sending a data frame, and at this time, after the control command outputted from the STM32F103RET6 passes through the chip conversion level, the control command is loaded onto the RS485 bus through the pin 6 and the pin 7 of the MAX485 chip, that is, the pin 6 and the pin 7 of the MAX485 chip are connected with the RS485 bus, and then a plurality of required interfaces are obtained; when the PC6 pin of STM32F103RET6 outputs a low level, MAX485 is used for receiving a data frame, a response data frame sent by a slave on the 485 bus can enter a MAX485 chip through a pin 6 and a pin 7, and after the level is converted, the response data frame is transmitted to STM32F103RET6 through a pin 1. When no data communication exists on the 485 bus, a pull-up resistor R32 and a pull-down resistor R30 in the figure can connect high and low levels to a pin 6 and a pin 7 of the MAX485 chip, so that the chip and the 485 bus are protected; typically, R31 is 120 Ω, and R30 and R32 may use 680 Ω resistance.

The positioning module is used for acquiring the position information of the data acquisition and transmission terminal device, transmitting the acquired time and longitude and latitude coordinate information to the main control unit, and uploading the time and longitude and latitude coordinate information to the management center (cloud server) by the main control unit. Specifically, in this embodiment, the GPS/beidou positioning module selected by the positioning module is a dual-mode positioning terminal with GPS positioning and beidou positioning, which can quickly and accurately position, output positioning information in a manner of an RS485 interface and a Modbus protocol, enable the serial port baud rate to reach 115200bps, support the automatic switching of the receiving and sending of the RS485, and enable the RS485 to carry TVS and overcurrent protection; the positioning module is connected to the bus of the 485 communication module.

The SD card module is used for storing data and is connected with the master control chip STM32F103RET6 through SPI.

The display screen is connected with the main control chip STM32F103RET6 through IIC.

The power management system comprises a solar charging controller, a storage battery and a voltage reduction module, wherein the output end of a photovoltaic panel is connected with the input end of the solar controller, and the output end of the solar controller is connected with the storage battery, so that the storage battery is charged; the output end of the storage battery outputs 12 voltages, and the main working voltage of the system is 5V and 3.3V, so that the output end of the storage battery is required to be connected with a voltage reduction module, and the voltage reduction module converts the voltage into 5V and 3.3V to supply power for the main control chip and each module.

Specifically, the buck module includes a first buck chip U15 and a second buck chip U1, where the first buck chip U15 is configured to buck 12V to 5V, and the circuit of the first buck chip is shown in fig. 7, and the first buck chip is a DC/DC switching power supply conversion chip TPS5430 proposed by TI corporation, and has the following performance advantages: the maximum output current can reach 3A; the wide voltage input range of 5.5-36V is possessed; under ideal conditions, the conversion efficiency of input and output can reach 95%; and has overcurrent protection and thermal shutdown functions. The capacitor filter circuit composed of C43, C44 and C45 can enable the chip to obtain input voltage with lower ripple, wherein C45 is an aluminum electrolytic capacitor with a large capacitance value. An external capture diode is required in the peripheral circuit of TPS5430, where a schottky diode (D12) is chosen. The output voltage 5V is determined by the resistances of the VSENSE pins (R37, R38) together, since the reference voltage is 1.221V and R37 is 10KΩ, then R38 is determined to be 3.24KΩ. The LC filter circuit formed by L1, C39 and C41 in fig. 7 is used to filter the output of the chip, reducing the output noise. D11 in fig. 7 is a TVS transient suppression diode for suppressing surge pulses that may occur in the circuit, thereby protecting the circuit. The second buck chip U1 is used to buck the power supply to 3.3V, and its circuit is shown in fig. 8. The second voltage reduction chip adopts a low-dropout linear voltage stabilizing chip RT9193-3.3, has excellent performance and has the characteristics of ultralow voltage loss, high output precision, current limiting protection, high ripple rejection ratio and the like. Both the input (VIN, EN) and output (VOUT) of RT9193 use ceramic capacitors with values higher than 1uF, which can provide better ripple rejection ratio and line transition response. A bypass capacitor with a value of 22nF is connected between BYP pin and GND, so that noise output by the chip can be remarkably reduced.

Further, the solar charging controller is also connected to the bus of the 485 communication module, so that the main control chip can collect working parameters of the solar charging controller.

After the data acquisition and transmission terminal device is powered on, the main control chip controls the wireless communication module to access the GPRS network, sends a connection server and a subscription theme message to the cloud server, and successfully establishes connection. And then the data acquisition and transmission terminal device acquires the working state of the solar charging controller and the meteorological environment parameter information acquired by each sensor through 485 bus communication. Specifically, in the whole system, hardware equipment mounted on a 485 bus comprises a solar charging controller, a laser snow depth measuring sensor, a shutter box temperature and humidity transmitter, a wind speed transmitter, a wind direction transmitter and a positioning module, serial communication standards of the 485 bus are RS-485, the system adopts a multi-machine communication system principle formed by RS-485, and communication is carried out between all the equipment in the multi-machine communication system formed by an RS-485 mode by taking a master-slave mode as a basic principle. The STM32 main control chip is used as a unique host computer to control a plurality of slave computers, and each sensor and module serving as the slave computer only passively receives the instruction and replies, and meanwhile, each slave computer cannot communicate with each other and can only exchange data by taking the host computer as a medium. According to the characteristics of RS-485 communication, the main control chip can only communicate with one slave at a time, and the single 485 bus communication flow is shown in figure 9.

Example two

Based on the first embodiment, the selection of each sensor is specifically described below.

The laser snow depth sensor is selected from JGXS-1 laser snow depth sensors, has the advantages of large measurement range, furthest distance of 200m, high precision and the like, and also has rich industrial data interfaces (RS 232, 485, 422, 0-10V,0-5V,4-20mA and the like) and super-strong anti-interference capability. The laser snow depth sensor adopts the high-performance microprocessor as the main control CPU, and high-capacity data storage is realized, so that the stability of acquired data is ensured, the laser beam inside the laser snow depth ranging device is safe and reliable, the damage to an on-site operator is avoided, the laser beam is not influenced by temperature change, the measurement precision is high, and the snow depth measurement requirement is met.

The technical indexes are as follows:

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the shutter box temperature and humidity transmitter is RS-WS-BYH, adopts a measuring unit of a Swiss inlet, measures accurately, adopts a special analog circuit inside the sensor, and has wide application range. And the power supply is carried out in a wide voltage range of 10-30V, the specification is complete, and the installation is convenient. Can be simultaneously applied to four-wire system and three-wire system connection methods.

The main technical indexes of the sensor are as follows:

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the wind speed transmitter adopts the RS-FS-N01 wind speed transmitter, the appearance is small and exquisite and light, portable and equipment, three cup design concepts can effectively obtain wind speed information, and the casing adopts high-quality aluminum alloy section bar, and outside carries out electroplating plastic spraying and handles, has characteristics such as good corrosion protection, and can guarantee that the transmitter uses rust-free and cut phenomenon for a long time, cooperates inside smooth bearing system simultaneously, has ensured information acquisition's accuracy. The standard ModBus-RTU communication protocol is provided, the transmitter adopts a bottom wire outlet mode, and the problem of aging of the rubber pad of the aviation plug is solved completely, and the transmitter is waterproof after long-term use.

The main technical indexes are as follows:

the wind direction transmitter adopts the RS-FX-N01 wind direction transmitter, the appearance is small and exquisite light, portable and equipment, and brand-new design theory can effectively obtain wind direction information, and the casing adopts high-quality aluminum alloy section bar, and outside carries out electroplating plastic spraying and handles, has characteristics such as good corrosion prevention, and can guarantee the long-term use of transmitter and rust-free the phenomenon, and the colleague cooperates inside smooth bearing system, has ensured information acquisition's accuracy. The device has 8 indication directions, the device structure and the weight are carefully designed and distributed, the moment of inertia is small, the response is sensitive, and a standard ModBus-RTU communication protocol is used. The access is convenient.

The main technical indexes are as follows:

example III

On the basis of the above embodiment, further, a heating unit and a temperature detection sensor are further disposed in the data acquisition and transmission terminal device, the temperature detection sensor is connected with a main control chip, one of the I/O pins of the main control chip is connected with a relay controlling the operation of the heating unit (i.e. a relay is connected in series on a power supply loop of the heating unit, and the relay is used for controlling whether the power supply loop of the heating unit is on), when the temperature acquired by the main control chip according to the temperature detection sensor is less than a set low temperature threshold (for example, -40 ℃), the main control chip controls the relay to act, so that the power supply loop of the heating unit is on for heating; when the temperature acquired by the main control chip according to the temperature detection sensor is greater than a set high temperature threshold (for example, -20 ℃), the main control chip controls the relay to act, so that a power supply loop of the heating unit is disconnected, and heating is stopped; thereby avoiding that the data acquisition and transmission terminal device cannot work normally due to too low temperature.

Spatially relative terms, such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like, may be used in the embodiments for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature's illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatial terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "under" other elements or features would then be oriented "over" the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term "lower" may encompass both an upper and lower orientation. The device may be otherwise positioned (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

Moreover, relational terms such as "first" and "second", and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one element from another element having the same name, without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such elements.

The foregoing has described exemplary embodiments of the utility model, it being understood that any simple variations, modifications, or other equivalent arrangements which would not unduly obscure the utility model may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the utility model.

Claims

1. A snow depth measurement wireless data transmission system for national parks and natural protection places is characterized in that: the device comprises a data acquisition and transmission terminal device, wherein 4 485 interfaces are arranged on the terminal device, and the terminal device is respectively connected with a laser snow depth measuring sensor, a shutter box temperature and humidity transmitter, a wind speed transmitter and a wind direction transmitter through the 485 interfaces; the terminal device is provided with a power interface which is connected with the photovoltaic panel;

2. The snow depth measurement wireless data transmission system for national parks and natural protected areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: the main control unit adopts a main control chip STM32F103RET6.

3. The snow depth measurement wireless data transmission system for national parks and natural protected areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: the model of the wireless communication module is SIM800C, and pin 39 of the SIM800C is connected with the PCO pin of the master control chip STM32F103RET6 through a triode Q1 and is used for controlling pin 39 in the communication module to be turned on and turned off; pins 1 and 2 of the SIM800C are connected with pins PA3 and PA2 of the STM32F103RET6, and pins 6 and 7 of the SIM800C are connected with pins PC2 and PC3 of the STM32F103RET 6; the GSM antenna interface of SIM800C connects the antennas.

4. The snow depth measurement wireless data transmission system for national parks and natural protected areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: the 485 communication module adopts a MAX485 chip, a pin 2 and a pin 3 of the MAX485 chip are connected together and are connected to a PC6 pin of STM32F103RET6, a pin 6 and a pin 7 of the MAX485 chip are connected with an RS485 bus, and then a plurality of needed 485 interfaces are separated.

5. The snow depth measurement wireless data transmission system for national parks and natural protected areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: the positioning module adopts a GPS/Beidou positioning module.

6. The snow depth measurement wireless data transmission system for national parks and natural protected areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: the power management system comprises a solar charging controller, a storage battery and a voltage reduction module, wherein the output end of the photovoltaic panel is connected with the input end of the solar controller, the output end of the solar controller is connected with the storage battery, and the output end of the storage battery is connected with the voltage reduction module.

7. The snow depth measuring wireless data transmission system for national parks and natural protected areas according to claim 6, characterized in that: the voltage reducing module comprises a first voltage reducing chip and a second voltage reducing chip, wherein the first voltage reducing chip adopts a switching power supply conversion chip TPS5430, and the second voltage reducing chip adopts a low-dropout linear voltage stabilizing chip RT9193-3.3.

8. The snow depth measuring wireless data transmission system for national parks and natural protected areas according to claim 6, characterized in that: the solar charging controller is also connected to the bus of the 485 communication module.

9. The snow depth measurement wireless data transmission system for national parks and natural protected areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: the wind speed transducer adopts an RS-FS-N01 wind speed transducer.

10. The snow depth measurement wireless data transmission system for national parks and natural protected areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: the wind direction transmitter adopts an RS-FX-N01 wind direction transmitter.