CN219074403U

CN219074403U - Workpiece clamping mechanism of vertical lathe

Info

Publication number: CN219074403U
Application number: CN202223399386.7U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李沅; 张涛; 张艳茹; 许菊梅; 李祎; 吴明钱
Original assignee: Shaanxi National Railway Equipment Manufacturing Co ltd
Current assignee: Shaanxi National Railway Equipment Manufacturing Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-12-15
Filing date: 2022-12-15
Publication date: 2023-05-26
Anticipated expiration: 2032-12-15

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of lathe clamps, especially, relate to a workpiece clamping mechanism of vertical lathe, including chuck and a plurality of clamping assembly, a plurality of clamping assembly are followed chuck circumference interval evenly distributed, clamping assembly includes cassette, mounting, chuck and moving part, cassette and chuck sliding connection, the slip direction of cassette is unanimous with the radial direction of chuck, the mounting is used for fixing cassette and chuck, chuck and cassette sliding connection, the slip direction of chuck is unanimous with the radial direction of chuck, the moving part is used for controlling chuck slip, the chuck orientation the one end at chuck centre of a circle sets up to the inclined plane, the inclined plane orientation is close to the direction slope of chuck centre of a circle and upwards sets up. The application has the effect of improving the stability of the clamping wheels of the clamp.

Description

Workpiece clamping mechanism of vertical lathe

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of lathe clamps, in particular to a workpiece clamping mechanism of a vertical lathe.

Background

The wheels used on the locomotive wheelset need to be finished by a lathe. The surface of the wheel contacted with the steel rail is called tread, the tread is conical, the taper is 1:10 near the rolling circle, the raised part on one side of the tread is called rim, and the rim enables the wheel to reliably pass through curves and turnouts without derailing. Because the wheels are heavy, large in size and difficult to machine, the common lathe cannot meet the machining requirements, and a vertical lathe is generally used for cutting the wheels. When the wheel is machined on the vertical machine tool, a clamp is required to be used for clamping the wheel before machining in order to enable the wheel to meet the technical requirements of the size, the geometric shape, the mutual position precision with other surfaces and the like specified by drawings.

In the related art, a workpiece clamping mechanism of a vertical machine tool generally comprises a chuck, a clamping seat and a clamping head, wherein a guide rail is arranged on the chuck, the clamping seat is arranged on the chuck and slides through the guide rail, the clamping head is fixed above the clamping seat, the clamping seat slides along the guide rail when in use until the clamping head abuts against a wheel, and then the clamping seat is fixed with the chuck, so that machining can be performed.

In view of the above-mentioned related art, the inventors consider that since the tread of the wheel is a conical surface and the clamping surface of the collet is a flat surface, the contact surface between the collet and the tread of the wheel is small during clamping, resulting in poor stability of clamping the wheel, thereby affecting the machining accuracy thereof.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to improve the stability of the clamp when clamping the wheel, the application provides a workpiece clamping mechanism of a vertical lathe.

The application provides a vertical lathe's work piece clamping mechanism adopts following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a vertical lathe's work piece clamping mechanism, includes chuck and a plurality of clamping assembly, a plurality of clamping assembly edges chuck circumference interval evenly distributed, clamping assembly includes cassette, mounting, chuck and moving part, cassette and chuck sliding connection, the slip direction of cassette is unanimous with the radial direction of chuck, the mounting is used for fixing cassette and chuck, chuck and cassette sliding connection, the slip direction of chuck is unanimous with the radial direction of chuck, the moving part is used for controlling the chuck slip, the chuck orientation the one end at chuck centre of a circle sets up the inclined plane, the inclined plane orientation is close to the direction slope of chuck centre of a circle upwards and sets up.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when centre gripping locomotive wheel, loosen the mounting on the cassette earlier, slide the cassette to the cassette front end and support the rim of wheel, screw up the mounting, make the cassette fix on the chuck, move along the cassette by moving part control chuck, make the chuck support the wheel tread until pressing from both sides tight with the wheel, because the inclined plane angle of chuck is unanimous with the tapering of wheel tread, thereby can increase the area of contact of chuck and wheel tread, thereby strengthen the centre gripping stability to the wheel, improve the machining precision of lathe to the wheel.

Optionally, the moving part includes mount pad, drive division and locking portion, mount pad fixed connection is on the cassette, the drive division includes rack, gear, pivot and knob, rack and chuck fixed connection, the gear rotates with the mount pad to be connected, gear and rack engagement, pivot one end with the coaxial fixed connection of gear, the pivot is kept away from gear one end and is connected the knob, the locking portion is used for fixed gear and mount pad.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when needs make chuck to wheel direction remove, rotate the knob, the knob drives the gear through the pivot and rotates, because rack and gear engagement to the mount pad has the guide effect to the slip of rack, can drive the rack and slide along the mount pad when consequently gear rotates, drive the chuck and slide along the cassette when the rack slides, thereby realize pressing from both sides tight or unclamping the wheel.

Optionally, the locking part includes ratchet and pawl, ratchet and pivot coaxial fixed connection, ratchet and gear coaxial rotation, pawl one end and mount pad rotate to be connected, pawl and ratchet interlock.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, pawl and ratchet cooperation make the pivot only rotate to the direction of drive rack to chuck centre of a circle, when chuck clamp work piece, stop rotating the pivot, pawl and ratchet interlock for the chuck can not become flexible in the course of working after clamping the wheel, has improved the stability when chuck centre gripping wheel, thereby promotes machining precision.

Optionally, one side that the pawl is close to the ratchet is equipped with reset spring, reset spring one end and pawl fixed connection, the other end and mount pad fixed connection, reset spring orders about pawl and ratchet interlock, the pawl deviates from the ratchet side and is connected with the pull rod, pull rod one end and pawl fixed connection, the other end extends outside the mount pad.

By adopting the technical scheme, the reset spring is used for providing power for the pawl to engage with the ratchet wheel, so that the working stability of the locking part is enhanced; when the wheels are required to be loosened after machining is finished, the pull rod is pulled, the pull rod drives the pawl to be disengaged from the ratchet wheel, then the rotating shaft can rotate freely, the chuck is controlled to be separated from the wheels through the movable piece, and convenience of the clamping assembly is improved.

Optionally, the mount pad includes first installation piece and second installation piece, first installation piece fixed connection is on the cassette, the second installation piece passes through the bolt to be fixed with first installation piece, be equipped with the fluting that is used for holding drive portion and locking portion on first installation piece and the second installation piece fitting surface.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, establish the mount pad into detachable two parts, on the one hand can be convenient for assemble drive division and locking portion, on the other hand drive division and locking portion hide and set up in the mount pad, can avoid drive division and locking portion to receive external force to damage to guarantee the operational reliability of moving part.

Optionally, the chuck is towards the terminal surface fixedly connected with slipmat of chuck centre of a circle, the slipmat is the curved surface towards the face of chuck centre of a circle.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, slipmat effect is the frictional force that increases clamping part, makes the wheel centre gripping more firm, and the chuck can be made to laminate more in the wheel tread to the upper curved surface of slipmat.

Optionally, the mounting includes locking bolt, locking nut, offered the screw hole on the cassette, be equipped with many spouts along the even interval arrangement of circumferencial direction on the chuck, locking bolt's screw rod wears to locate threaded hole just extends to outside the screw hole, locking bolt's nut one end is located in the spout, locking nut and locking bolt extend to the outer one end threaded connection of screw hole.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when sliding the cassette, the cassette slides in the spout through the nut of locking bolt to carry out spacing direction to the slip of cassette, when the cassette slides to wheel rim department and supports tightly, rotate locking nut, drive locking screw's nut and spout inner wall joint when locking nut rotates, thereby accomplish the fixed to the cassette. The structure can have guiding effect to the slip of cassette through locking bolt, simultaneously after the cassette slides to appointed position, can fix the cassette through locking nut and locking screw's cooperation, need not to set up extra locking device for the cassette, simplified clamping assembly's structure, be convenient for process the cassette simultaneously, be favorable to reducing fixture's manufacturing cost.

Optionally, a spring washer is arranged on the coaxial sleeve at one end of the locking bolt extending out of the threaded hole, and the spring washer is located between the clamping seat and the locking nut.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, after fixed cassette, the course of working probably can make locking bolt and lock nut lead to connecting looseness because atress or vibration, has weakened the adverse effect that brings because of atress or vibration after adding the spring spacer, improves the stability when cassette and chuck are fixed, is favorable to improving machining precision.

In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

1. according to the clamping head, the inclined surface is arranged at one end of the clamping head, which faces the center of the chuck, so that the angle of the inclined surface of the clamping head is consistent with the taper of the tread of the wheel, the area of the clamping head when the clamping head contacts the tread of the wheel is larger, the stability of the clamping head when the clamping head clamps the wheel is better, and the machining precision is improved;

2. the control to chuck back-and-forth movement is realized through setting up the drive division to this application, to the adjustment of clamping part when making things convenient for the centre gripping wheel, the pivot auto-lock has been realized in the joining of locking portion for the chuck can not become flexible in the course of working after pressing from both sides tight wheel, improves the stability of chuck centre gripping wheel, is favorable to improving machining precision.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a workpiece clamping mechanism of a vertical lathe according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a clamping assembly of a workpiece clamping mechanism of a vertical lathe according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a latch portion of a workpiece clamping mechanism of a vertical lathe according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 3.

Reference numerals illustrate: 1. a chuck; 11. a chute; 2. a clamping seat; 21. a threaded hole; 22. a guide groove; 3. A fixing member; 31. a locking bolt; 32. a lock nut; 33. a spring washer; 4. a chuck; 41. an anti-slip pad; 42. a guide bar; 5. a mounting base; 51. a first mounting block; 52. a second mounting block; 53. a slide hole; 6. a driving section; 61. a rack; 62. a gear; 63. a rotating shaft; 64. a knob; 7. a locking part; 71. a ratchet wheel; 72. a pawl; 73. a return spring; 74 tie rods.

Detailed Description

The present application is described in further detail below in conjunction with figures 1-4.

The embodiment of the application discloses a workpiece clamping mechanism of a vertical lathe. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a workpiece clamping mechanism for a vertical lathe includes a chuck 1 and a plurality of clamping assemblies. In this embodiment, four clamping assemblies are provided, and in other embodiments, the number of the clamping assemblies may be five, six, etc., which is not limited to this application. The four clamping assemblies are evenly distributed at intervals along the circumference of the chuck 1.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the clamping assembly comprises a clamping seat 2, a fixing piece 3, a chuck 4 and a movable piece, wherein eight sliding grooves 11 are formed in the chuck 1, each sliding groove 11 is a T-shaped sliding groove 11, two sliding grooves 11 are formed in a group and are matched with the clamping seat 2, four fixing pieces 3 are arranged on the clamping seat 2, and the fixing pieces 3 are connected to the bottom of the clamping seat 2 through threads.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the fixing member 3 includes a locking bolt 31 and a locking nut 32. The clamping seat 2 is provided with a threaded hole 21 matched with the locking bolt 31, a screw rod of the locking bolt 31 penetrates through the threaded hole 21, the end part of the screw rod extends out of the threaded hole 21, one end of a nut of the locking bolt 31 is positioned in the sliding groove 11, and one end of the locking bolt 31 extending out of the threaded hole 21 is in threaded connection with the locking nut 32. The clamping seat 2 is slidably connected in the chute 11 through the locking bolt 31, and the locking nut 32 is rotated to enable one end of the nut of the locking bolt 31 to be clamped with the chute 11, so that the clamping seat 2 is fixed. The end of the locking bolt 31 extending beyond the threaded bore 21 is coaxially provided with a spring washer 33, the spring washer 33 being located between the cartridge 2 and the locking nut 32.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the chuck 4 is rectangular, two parallel guide strips 42 are welded at the bottom of the chuck 4, a guide groove 22 matched with the guide strip 42 is formed on one side of the chuck base 2 away from the chuck 1, the chuck 4 is slidably connected in the guide groove 22 through the guide strip 42, and the sliding direction of the chuck 4 is consistent with the radius direction of the chuck 1.

Referring to fig. 1, one end of the chuck 4 facing the center of the chuck 1 is provided with an inclined surface, the inclined surface is inclined upwards in a direction approaching the center of the chuck 1, and the inclined angle of the inclined surface is consistent with the taper of the tread of the wheel.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an end surface of the chuck 4 facing the center of the chuck 1 is fixedly connected with an anti-slip pad 41, a surface of the anti-slip pad 41 facing the center of the chuck 1 is a curved surface, the curved surface is gradually curved from the middle to two sides, and the curvature of the curved surface is consistent with that of the circumference where the wheel is located.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the movable member includes a mount 5, a driving portion 6, and a locking portion 7. The mounting seat 5 comprises a first mounting block 51 and a second mounting block 52, the first mounting block 51 is welded on the clamping seat 2, the first mounting block 51 is connected with the second mounting block 52 through bolts, and a groove for accommodating the driving part 6 and the locking part 7 is formed in the matching surface of the first mounting block 51 and the second mounting block 52.

Referring to fig. 2, the driving part 6 includes a rack 61, a gear 62, a rotating shaft 63, and a knob 64, in which a sliding hole 53 is formed in the first mounting block 51 and the second mounting block 52, the sliding hole 53 is communicated with the slot, one end of the rack 61 is welded to the chuck 4, the other end of the rack is inserted into the sliding hole 53, the rotating shaft 63 is rotatably connected to the mounting seat 5, one end of the rotating shaft 63 extends into the slot, the gear 62 is coaxially welded to one end of the rotating shaft 63 located in the slot, the gear 62 is meshed with the rack 61, and one end of the knob 64 and one end of the rotating shaft 63 facing away from the gear 62 are coaxially welded.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the locking portion 7 includes a ratchet 71 and a pawl 72, the ratchet 71 is coaxially welded to the rotation shaft 63, one end of the pawl 72 is pivotally connected to the mount 5, and the other end is engaged with the ratchet 71. A return spring 73 is arranged on one side of the pawl 72, which is away from the engagement surface, one end of the return spring 73 is welded with the pawl 72, the other end of the return spring 73 is welded with the inner wall of the mounting seat 5, and the return spring 73 drives the pawl 72 to engage with the ratchet 71. The pawl 72 is connected with a pull rod on the side facing away from the ratchet wheel 71, one end of the pull rod is welded with the pawl 72, and the other end extends out of the mounting seat 5. When the return spring 73 is in a free state, the rotating shaft 63 can only rotate in a single direction, so that the chuck 4 is driven to slide towards the direction close to the center of the chuck 1; pulling the pull rod disengages the pawl 72 from the ratchet 71 and the shaft 63 is free to rotate.

The implementation principle of the workpiece clamping mechanism of the vertical lathe is as follows: when the locomotive wheel is clamped, the fixing piece 3 on the clamping seat 2 is loosened firstly, the clamping seat 2 is slid to the front end of the clamping seat 2 to prop against the rim of the wheel, the fixing piece 3 is screwed, the clamping seat 2 is fixed on the chuck 1, the movable piece controls the clamping head 4 to move along the clamping seat 2, the clamping head 4 props against the wheel tread until the wheel is clamped, one end of the clamping head 4, which faces the center of the circle of the clamping head 1, is set to be an inclined surface, the angle of the inclined surface of the clamping head 4 is consistent with the taper of the wheel tread, so that the area when the clamping head 4 contacts the wheel tread is larger, the stability of the wheel during clamping is improved, and the machining precision is improved.

The foregoing are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application in any way, therefore: all equivalent changes in structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered in the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a work piece clamping mechanism of vertical lathe, includes chuck (1), its characterized in that: still include a plurality of clamping components, a plurality of clamping components are followed chuck (1) circumference interval evenly distributed, clamping components includes cassette (2), mounting (3), chuck (4) and moving part, cassette (2) and chuck (1) sliding connection, the slip direction of cassette (2) is unanimous with the radial direction of chuck (1), mounting (3) are used for fixed cassette (2) and chuck (1), chuck (4) and cassette (2) sliding connection, the slip direction of chuck (4) is unanimous with the radial direction of chuck (1), moving part is used for controlling chuck (4) slip, chuck (4) orientation chuck (1) centre of a circle's one end sets up to the inclined plane, the inclined plane orientation is close to chuck (1) centre of a circle's direction slope upward setting.

2. A workpiece clamping mechanism for a vertical lathe as defined in claim 1, wherein: the movable piece comprises a mounting seat (5), a driving part (6) and a locking part (7), wherein the mounting seat (5) is fixedly connected to a clamping seat (2), the driving part (6) comprises a rack (61), a gear (62), a rotating shaft (63) and a knob (64), one end of the rack (61) is fixedly connected with a clamping head (4), the other end of the rack (61) is slidably connected with the mounting seat (5), the gear (62) is rotatably connected with the mounting seat (5), the gear (62) is meshed with the rack (61), one end of the rotating shaft (63) is fixedly connected with the gear (62) in a coaxial mode, the rotating shaft (63) is far away from the one end of the gear (62) to be connected with the knob (64), and the locking part (7) is used for fixing the gear (62) with the mounting seat (5).

3. A workpiece clamping mechanism for a vertical lathe as defined in claim 2, wherein: the locking part (7) comprises a ratchet wheel (71) and a pawl (72), the ratchet wheel (71) is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft (63) coaxially, one end of the pawl (72) is connected with the mounting seat (5) in a rotating way, and the other end of the pawl is meshed with the ratchet wheel (71).

4. A workpiece clamping mechanism for a vertical lathe as defined in claim 3, wherein: one side that pawl (72) is close to ratchet (71) is equipped with reset spring (73), reset spring (73) one end and pawl (72) fixed connection, the other end and mount pad (5) fixed connection, reset spring (73) order about pawl (72) and ratchet (71) interlock, pawl (72) deviate from ratchet (71) side and are connected with the pull rod, pull rod one end and pawl (72) fixed connection, the other end extends outside mount pad (5).

5. A workpiece clamping mechanism for a vertical lathe as defined in claim 2, wherein: the mounting seat (5) comprises a first mounting block (51) and a second mounting block (52), the first mounting block (51) is fixedly connected to the clamping seat (2), the second mounting block (52) is fixed to the first mounting block (51) through bolts, and grooves for accommodating the driving part (6) and the locking part (7) are formed in the matching surfaces of the first mounting block (51) and the second mounting block (52).

6. A workpiece clamping mechanism for a vertical lathe as defined in claim 1, wherein: the end face of the chuck (4) facing the center of the chuck (1) is fixedly connected with an anti-slip pad (41), and the surface of the anti-slip pad (41) facing the center of the chuck (1) is a curved surface.

7. A workpiece clamping mechanism for a vertical lathe as defined in claim 1, wherein: the fixing piece (3) comprises a locking bolt (31) and a locking nut (32), a threaded hole (21) is formed in the clamping seat (2), a plurality of sliding grooves (11) which are uniformly arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction are formed in the clamping disc (1), a screw rod of the locking bolt (31) penetrates through the threaded hole (21) and extends out of the threaded hole (21), one end of a nut of the locking bolt (31) is located in the sliding groove (11), and the locking nut (32) and the locking bolt (31) extend to one end of the locking bolt (31) outside the threaded hole (21) in threaded connection.

8. The workpiece clamping mechanism of a vertical lathe as defined in claim 7, wherein: one end of the locking bolt (31) extending out of the threaded hole (21) is coaxially sleeved with a spring gasket (33), and the spring gasket (33) is located between the clamping seat (2) and the locking nut (32).