CN219018536U - Dual-power automatic switching circuit - Google Patents
Dual-power automatic switching circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN219018536U CN219018536U CN202223593245.9U CN202223593245U CN219018536U CN 219018536 U CN219018536 U CN 219018536U CN 202223593245 U CN202223593245 U CN 202223593245U CN 219018536 U CN219018536 U CN 219018536U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a dual-power automatic switching circuit, which comprises: a power supply output terminal; the first voltage detection module comprises a direct current supply voltage input end and a first detection voltage output end; the second voltage detection module comprises a battery power supply voltage input end and a second detection voltage output end; the comparator comprises a non-inverting input end connected with the first detection voltage output end, an inverting input end connected with the second detection voltage output end, a first comparison output end and a second comparison output end; the source stage of the first switching tube is connected with the direct current power supply voltage input end, the grid electrode of the first switching tube is connected with the first detection voltage output end, and the drain electrode of the first switching tube is connected with the power supply output end; the source stage of the second switching tube is connected with the battery power supply voltage input end, the grid electrode of the second switching tube is connected with the second detection voltage output end, and the drain electrode of the second switching tube is connected with the power supply output end. The circuit can reduce power consumption, reduce circuit manufacturing cost and is beneficial to integration.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of power supply circuits, in particular to a dual-power automatic switching circuit.
Background
Under normal operation, the SOC (System on Chip) Chip is powered by the power Vcc33 (3.3V) on the external PCB. Under the power-off scene, the standby button battery Vbat (3.0V) needs to be switched to supply power for the SOC chip, so that the circuit modules such as a real-time clock and the like in the SOC chip can be ensured to continue to work normally. In the process of switching from direct current power supply to battery power supply, it is necessary to ensure that the power supply voltage of each module inside the SOC chip is stable.
In the related art, a diode, a low dropout linear voltage regulator (Low Dropout Regulator, LDO) circuit and a bandgap reference circuit which are in unidirectional conduction are generally used for providing relatively stable voltage for an SOC chip. However, the power consumption is larger and a large diode is needed during normal operation, which increases the area of the SOC chip and is not beneficial to integration; meanwhile, the LDO circuit needs large off-chip capacitor matching to realize voltage stabilization. The use of large diodes and off-chip capacitors increases circuit fabrication costs; meanwhile, the LDO circuit needs to consume larger static power consumption, and is not beneficial to being applied to a low-power consumption scene.
Disclosure of Invention
The present utility model aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, the utility model provides the dual-power automatic switching circuit which can reduce the power consumption, reduce the manufacturing cost of the circuit and is beneficial to integration.
In a first aspect, the present utility model provides a dual power automatic switching circuit, comprising:
a power supply output terminal;
the first voltage detection module comprises a direct current supply voltage input end and a first detection voltage output end;
the second voltage detection module comprises a battery power supply voltage input end and a second detection voltage output end;
the comparator comprises an in-phase input end, an anti-phase input end, a first comparison output end and a second comparison output end, wherein the in-phase input end is connected with the first detection voltage output end, and the anti-phase input end is connected with the second detection voltage output end;
the source stage of the first switching tube is connected with the direct current power supply voltage input end, the grid electrode of the first switching tube is connected with the first detection voltage output end, and the drain electrode of the first switching tube is connected with the power supply output end;
the source stage of the second switching tube is connected with the battery power supply voltage input end, the grid electrode of the second switching tube is connected with the second detection voltage output end, and the drain electrode of the second switching tube is connected with the power supply output end.
The dual-power automatic switching circuit according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the present utility model has at least the following advantages: the direct current supply voltage Vcc33 is input to the first voltage detection module through the direct current supply voltage input end, and outputs a first detection voltage vp after detection processing of the first voltage detection module, and the first detection voltage vp is input to the comparator through the non-inverting input end; the battery power supply voltage Vbat30 is input to the second voltage detection module through a battery power supply voltage input end, and the second detection voltage vn is output after detection processing of the second voltage detection module and is input to the comparator through an inverting input end; the comparator compares the voltage values of the first detection voltage vp and the second detection voltage vn and outputs a first comparison signal sp and a second comparison signal sn, wherein the first comparison signal sp is used for controlling the on-off of the first switching tube, and the second comparison signal sn is used for controlling the on-off of the second switching tube; when the first detection voltage vp is greater than the second detection voltage vn, the first comparison signal sp is a low-level signal, so that the first switch tube is turned on, and the second comparison signal sn is a high-level signal, so that the second switch tube is kept to be turned off, and then the direct current supply voltage Vcc33 is output through the power supply output end to supply power to other modules in the chip; under the condition that the first detection voltage vp is smaller than the second detection voltage vn, the first comparison signal sp is a high-level signal, so that the first switching tube is kept to be disconnected, the second comparison signal sn is a low-level signal, so that the second switching tube is conducted, and the battery power supply voltage Vbat30 is output through the power supply output end to supply power for other modules in the chip. The dual-power automatic switching circuit realizes dual-power automatic switching power supply under the condition that an LDO circuit and a band-gap reference circuit are not used, can reduce power consumption, reduces circuit manufacturing cost and is beneficial to integration.
In some embodiments, the first voltage detection module includes a first resistor, a third switching tube and a first current mirror unit, the dc supply voltage input end is connected to a source stage of the third switching tube through the first resistor, a gate and a drain of the third switching tube are both connected to the first detection voltage output end, and the first current mirror unit is connected between the drain of the third switching tube and ground.
In some embodiments, the second voltage detection module includes a second resistor, a fourth switching tube, and a second current mirror unit, the battery supply voltage input terminal is connected to the source stage of the fourth switching tube through the second resistor, the gate and the drain of the fourth switching tube are both connected to the second detection voltage output terminal, and the second current mirror unit is connected between the drain of the fourth switching tube and ground.
In some embodiments, the comparator includes an active load unit, a power input terminal, a first differential pair of common source and a second differential pair of drain electrodes of the first differential pair of transistor and the second differential pair of transistor are respectively connected with the power input terminal through the active load unit, a gate electrode of the first differential pair of transistor is connected with the first detection voltage output terminal, and a gate electrode of the second differential pair of transistor is connected with the second detection voltage output terminal.
In some embodiments, the active load unit includes a fifth switching tube and a sixth switching tube with common gates, and a source stage of the fifth switching tube and a source stage of the sixth switching tube are respectively connected with the power input terminal.
In some embodiments, the comparator further comprises a seventh switching tube, a source of the seventh switching tube is connected to the power input terminal, a gate of the seventh switching tube is connected to a drain of the first differential pair tube, and a drain of the seventh switching tube is connected to the first comparison output terminal and the second comparison output terminal.
In some embodiments, the fifth switching tube, the sixth switching tube, and the seventh switching tube employ a pour ratio tube.
In some embodiments, a third current mirror unit is connected between the source of the first differential pair of tubes and ground.
In some embodiments, a filter protection module is connected between the power supply output terminal and ground.
In some embodiments, the filter protection module includes an eighth switching tube and an on-chip capacitor connected in parallel, a drain electrode of the eighth switching tube is connected with the power supply output terminal, and a gate electrode and a source electrode of the eighth switching tube are grounded.
Additional aspects and advantages of the utility model will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the utility model.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dual power automatic switching circuit according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dual-power automatic switching circuit according to another embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first voltage detection module according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second voltage detection module according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a comparator according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the utility model are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the utility model.
In the description of the utility model, the meaning of a number is one or more, the meaning of a plurality is two or more, and greater than, less than, exceeding, etc. are understood to not include the present number, and the above, below, within, etc. are understood to include the present number. The description of the first and second is for the purpose of distinguishing between technical features only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
In the description of the present utility model, unless explicitly defined otherwise, terms such as arrangement, connection, etc. should be construed broadly and the specific meaning of the terms in the utility model can be reasonably determined by a person skilled in the art in combination with the specific contents of the technical solution.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-power automatic switching circuit according to an embodiment of the present utility model. The dual power automatic switching circuit 100 includes: a power supply output terminal Vout; the first voltage detection module 110 includes a dc supply voltage input terminal and a first detection voltage output terminal; a second voltage detection module 120 comprising a battery supply voltage input and a second detection voltage output; the comparator 130 includes a non-inverting input terminal, an inverting input terminal, a first comparison output terminal, and a second comparison output terminal, the non-inverting input terminal is connected to the first detection voltage output terminal, and the inverting input terminal is connected to the second detection voltage output terminal; the source stage of the first switching tube PM1 is connected with the direct current supply voltage input end, the grid electrode of the first switching tube PM1 is connected with the first detection voltage output end, and the drain electrode of the first switching tube PM1 is connected with the supply output end; and the source stage of the second switching tube PM2 is connected with the battery power supply voltage input end, the grid electrode of the second switching tube PM2 is connected with the second detection voltage output end, and the drain electrode of the second switching tube PM2 is connected with the power supply output end.
The dual-power automatic switching circuit provided by the embodiment of the first aspect of the utility model has at least the following beneficial effects: the dc supply voltage Vcc33 is input to the first voltage detection module 110 through the dc supply voltage input terminal, and after being detected by the first voltage detection module 110, the first detection voltage vp is output, and the first detection voltage vp is input to the comparator 130 through the non-inverting input terminal; the battery supply voltage Vbat30 is input to the second voltage detection module 120 through a battery supply voltage input terminal, and outputs a second detection voltage vn after detection processing by the second voltage detection module 120, and the second detection voltage vn is input to the comparator 130 through an inverting input terminal; the comparator 130 performs voltage value comparison processing on the first detection voltage vp and the second detection voltage vn, and outputs a first comparison signal sp and a second comparison signal sn, where the first comparison signal sp is used to control on-off of the first switch tube PM1, and the second comparison signal sn is used to control on-off of the second switch tube PM 2; when the first detection voltage vp is greater than the second detection voltage vn, the first comparison signal sp is a low-level signal, so that the first switch tube PM1 is turned on, the second comparison signal sn is a high-level signal, so that the second switch tube PM2 is kept turned off, and the direct-current supply voltage Vcc33 is output through the supply output end Vout to supply power to other modules in the chip; under the condition that the first detection voltage vp is smaller than the second detection voltage vn, the first comparison signal sp is a high-level signal, so that the first switch tube PM1 is kept off, the second comparison signal sn is a low-level signal, so that the second switch tube PM2 is turned on, and the battery supply voltage Vbat30 is output through the supply output end Vout to supply power to other modules in the chip. The dual-power automatic switching circuit 100 of the utility model realizes dual-power automatic switching power supply without using an LDO circuit and a band-gap reference circuit, can reduce power consumption, lower circuit manufacturing cost, and is beneficial to integration.
In some embodiments, the first and second switching transistors PM1 and PM2 are P-type metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (P-MOS transistors).
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-power automatic switching circuit according to another embodiment of the present utility model. A filter protection module 140 is connected between the power supply output terminal Vout of the dual-power automatic switching circuit 100 and ground.
In some embodiments, the filter protection module 140 includes an eighth switching tube NM0 and an on-chip capacitor C1 connected in parallel, where a drain of the eighth switching tube NM0 is connected to the power supply output terminal Vout, and a gate and a source of the eighth switching tube NM0 are grounded. The eighth switching transistor NM0 is a diode-connected MOS transistor, and functions as a diode to protect against electrostatic discharge (ESD, electrostatic Discharge). The on-chip capacitor C1 plays a role of filtering, and when the dc power supply voltage Vcc33 and the battery power supply voltage Vbat30 are switched, the voltage output by the power supply output terminal Vout is slowly changed, so as to provide a stable voltage for the on-chip module.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first voltage detection module according to an embodiment of the present utility model. The first voltage detection module 110 includes a first resistor R1, a third switching tube PM3, and a first current mirror unit 111, where the dc supply voltage input end is connected to the source of the third switching tube PM3 through the first resistor R1, and the gate and the drain of the third switching tube PM3 are both connected to the first detection voltage output end, and the first current mirror unit 111 is connected between the drain of the third switching tube PM3 and ground. The first voltage detection module 110 consumes less power, which is beneficial to reducing the static power consumption of the dual-power automatic switching circuit. In addition, the first current mirror unit 111 includes a ninth switching transistor NM1, a tenth switching transistor NM2, and a bias current input terminal for inputting the first bias current Ibias1, which are commonly gate electrodes. The ninth switching tube NM1 and the tenth switching tube NM2 form a current mirror, so that the current flowing through the tenth switching tube NM2 is equal to the current flowing through the third switching tube PM3, i.e. I NM1 ＝I NM2 ＝I PM3 ＝I R1 . The first detection voltage vp can be obtained:
referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second voltage detection module according to an embodiment of the present utility model. The second voltage detection module 120 includes a second resistor R2, a fourth switching tube PM4, and a second current mirror unit 121, where the battery supply voltage input end is connected to the source of the fourth switching tube PM4 through the second resistor R2, and the gate and the drain of the fourth switching tube PM4 are both connected to the second detection voltage output end, and the second current mirror unit 121 is connected between the drain of the fourth switching tube PM4 and ground. The second voltage detection module 120 consumes less power, which is beneficial to reducing the static power consumption of the dual-power automatic switching circuit. In addition, the second current mirror unit 121 includes an eleventh switching tube NM3, a twelfth switching tube NM4, and a common gate for inputtingA bias current input into the second bias current Ibias 2. The eleventh switching tube NM3 and the twelfth switching tube NM4 form a current mirror, so that the current flowing through the twelfth switching tube NM4 is equal to the current flowing through the fourth switching tube PM4, i.e. I NM3 ＝I NM4 ＝I PM4 ＝I R2 . A second detection voltage vn can be obtained:
in some embodiments, the first bias current Ibias1 and the second bias current Ibias2 are equal in magnitude, the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are equal in resistance, and I R1 ＝I R2 . Vp-vn=v cc33 -V bat30 . That is, comparing the magnitudes of the first detection voltage vp and the second detection voltage vn is equivalent to comparing the magnitude of the direct-current power supply voltage Vcc33 and the battery power supply voltage Vbat 30.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a comparator according to an embodiment of the present utility model. The comparator 130 includes an active load unit 131, a power input terminal Vin, a first differential pair tube NM9 and a second differential pair tube NM8 of a common source, wherein a drain electrode of the first differential pair tube NM9 and a drain electrode of the second differential pair tube NM8 are respectively connected with the power input terminal through the active load unit 131, a gate electrode of the first differential pair tube NM9 is connected with a first detection voltage output terminal, and a gate electrode of the second differential pair tube NM8 is connected with a second detection voltage output terminal. The comparator 130 is configured to compare the magnitudes of the first detection voltage vp and the second detection voltage vn through difference. The comparator consumes less power, which is beneficial to reducing the static power consumption of the dual-power automatic switching circuit.
In some embodiments, the active load unit 131 includes a fifth switching tube PM5 and a sixth switching tube PM6 that are commonly connected to the power input terminal, and the source stage of the fifth switching tube PM5 and the source stage of the sixth switching tube PM6 are respectively connected to the power input terminal. Further, the gate and the drain of the fifth switching tube PM5 are connected, and the drain of the fifth switching tube PM5 is connected to the drain of the second differential pair tube NM 8. The drain of the sixth switching tube PM6 is connected to the drain of the first differential pair tube NM 9. The fifth and sixth switching tubes PM5 and PM6 constitute a mirror current source as drain active loads of the first and second differential pair tubes NM9 and NM 8.
In some embodiments, the comparator 130 further includes a seventh switching tube PM7, the source of the seventh switching tube PM7 is connected to the power input Vin, the gate of the seventh switching tube PM7 is connected to the drain of the first differential pair tube NM9, and the drain of the seventh switching tube PM7 is connected to the first comparison output and the second comparison output. The seventh switching tube PM7 is an amplifying stage, and performs a differential amplifying function, and is used for outputting a comparison signal. Two inverters, i.e., inv1 and inv2, are connected in series between the drain of the seventh switching tube PM7 and the first comparison output, and an inverter inv1 is connected in series between the drain of the seventh switching tube PM7 and the second comparison output. An inverter is connected between the drain and the output terminal of the seventh switching tube PM7 to enhance the driving capability of the output and to perform the waveform shaping function.
In some embodiments, the fifth, sixth and seventh switching tubes PM5, PM6 and PM7 employ inverse ratio tubes. The inverted ratio tube means that the parameter W of the switching tube is small in size and the parameter L is large in size, so that the power consumption of the comparator is reduced. The power consumption of the comparator provided by the utility model is lower than that of a conventional comparator, and the power consumption of the dual-power switching circuit is further reduced.
In some embodiments, a third current mirror unit 132 is connected between the source of the first differential pair of tubes NM9 and ground.
The third current mirror unit 132 includes a thirteenth switching transistor NM5, a fourteenth switching transistor NM6, a fifteenth switching transistor NM7, and a bias current input terminal for inputting the third bias current Ibias 3. The thirteenth switching tube NM5, the fourteenth switching tube NM6 and the fifteenth switching tube NM7 form a direct current mirror current source for providing static bias for the differential pair tubes. Wherein, thirteenth switching tube NM5, fourteenth switching tube NM6 and fifteenth switching tube NM7 all adopt the inverse ratio tube. The inverted ratio tube means that the parameter W of the switching tube is small in size and the parameter L is large in size, so that the power consumption of the comparator is further reduced, and the power consumption of the dual-power switching circuit is reduced.
The embodiments of the present utility model have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present utility model is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present utility model.
Claims (10)
1. A dual-power automatic switching circuit, comprising:
a power supply output terminal;
the first voltage detection module comprises a direct current supply voltage input end and a first detection voltage output end;
the second voltage detection module comprises a battery power supply voltage input end and a second detection voltage output end;
the comparator comprises an in-phase input end, an anti-phase input end, a first comparison output end and a second comparison output end, wherein the in-phase input end is connected with the first detection voltage output end, and the anti-phase input end is connected with the second detection voltage output end;
the source stage of the first switching tube is connected with the direct current power supply voltage input end, the grid electrode of the first switching tube is connected with the first detection voltage output end, and the drain electrode of the first switching tube is connected with the power supply output end;
the source stage of the second switching tube is connected with the battery power supply voltage input end, the grid electrode of the second switching tube is connected with the second detection voltage output end, and the drain electrode of the second switching tube is connected with the power supply output end.
2. The dual power automatic switching circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first voltage detection module comprises a first resistor, a third switching tube and a first current mirror unit, the dc supply voltage input terminal is connected with a source stage of the third switching tube through the first resistor, a gate and a drain of the third switching tube are both connected with the first detection voltage output terminal, and the first current mirror unit is connected between the drain of the third switching tube and ground.
3. The dual power automatic switching circuit according to claim 1, wherein the second voltage detection module comprises a second resistor, a fourth switching tube and a second current mirror unit, the battery supply voltage input terminal is connected with a source stage of the fourth switching tube through the second resistor, a grid electrode and a drain electrode of the fourth switching tube are both connected with the second detection voltage output terminal, and the second current mirror unit is connected between the drain electrode of the fourth switching tube and ground.
4. The dual-power automatic switching circuit of claim 1, wherein the comparator comprises an active load unit, a power input end, a first differential pair tube and a second differential pair tube of a common source, wherein a drain electrode of the first differential pair tube and a drain electrode of the second differential pair tube are respectively connected with the power input end through the active load unit, a grid electrode of the first differential pair tube is connected with the first detection voltage output end, and a grid electrode of the second differential pair tube is connected with the second detection voltage output end.
5. The dual power automatic switching circuit of claim 4, wherein the active load unit comprises a fifth switching tube and a sixth switching tube with common grid, and a source stage of the fifth switching tube and a source stage of the sixth switching tube are respectively connected with the power input terminal.
6. The dual power automatic switching circuit of claim 5, wherein the comparator further comprises a seventh switching tube, a source of the seventh switching tube is connected to the power input terminal, a gate of the seventh switching tube is connected to a drain of the first differential pair tube, and a drain of the seventh switching tube is connected to the first comparison output terminal and the second comparison output terminal.
7. The dual power automatic switching circuit of claim 6, wherein the fifth switching tube, the sixth switching tube, and the seventh switching tube are inverted ratio tubes.
8. The dual power automatic switching circuit of claim 4, wherein a third current mirror unit is connected between the source of the first differential pair of tubes and ground.
9. The dual power automatic switching circuit of claim 1, wherein a filter protection module is connected between the power supply output and ground.
10. The dual power automatic switching circuit of claim 9, wherein the filter protection module comprises an eighth switching tube and an on-chip capacitor connected in parallel, a drain electrode of the eighth switching tube is connected with the power supply output terminal, and a gate electrode and a source electrode of the eighth switching tube are grounded.
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| CN202223593245.9U CN219018536U (en) | 2022-12-29 | 2022-12-29 | Dual-power automatic switching circuit |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117811371A (en) * | 2024-02-28 | 2024-04-02 | 杰华特微电子股份有限公司 | Maximum input voltage selection output circuit, method and chip using same |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117811371A (en) * | 2024-02-28 | 2024-04-02 | 杰华特微电子股份有限公司 | Maximum input voltage selection output circuit, method and chip using same |
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