CN218927054U

CN218927054U - Tool capable of ensuring coaxiality of machined holes at two opposite end surfaces of workpiece

Info

Publication number: CN218927054U
Application number: CN202222878837.9U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 贺勇
Original assignee: Zhuzhou Haichang Railway Locomotive Parts Co ltd
Current assignee: Zhuzhou Haichang Railway Locomotive Parts Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-10-31
Filing date: 2022-10-31
Publication date: 2023-04-28
Anticipated expiration: 2032-10-31

Abstract

The utility model discloses a tool capable of ensuring coaxiality of machining holes on two opposite end surfaces of a workpiece, which comprises a base, a first supporting seat, a second supporting seat and a workpiece die sleeve, wherein the shape of the inner peripheral surface of the workpiece die sleeve is matched with that of the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece, the bottoms of the first supporting seat and the second supporting seat are connected to the top surface of the base, the outer side part of the workpiece die sleeve is connected with the first supporting seat and the second supporting seat, the workpiece is arranged at a position between the first supporting seat and the second supporting seat, the workpiece is placed in the workpiece die sleeve, an automatic alignment mechanism is arranged on the inner peripheral surface of the workpiece die sleeve, the inner peripheral surface of the workpiece die sleeve comprises an inner side surface I to an inner side surface IV, the inner side surface I and the second inner side surface II are oppositely arranged along the Y direction, the inner side surface III and the fourth inner side surface IV are oppositely arranged along the X direction, the X direction and the Y direction are mutually perpendicular, the inner side surface I is set as a reference surface, and the automatic alignment mechanism comprises a plurality of ball head plungers I, second and third ball plungers respectively arranged on the inner side surfaces III; the tool also comprises a workpiece compressing and fixing device capable of fixing the workpiece on the tool.

Description

Tool capable of ensuring coaxiality of machined holes at two opposite end surfaces of workpiece

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a machining tool, in particular to a tool capable of guaranteeing coaxiality of machining holes at two opposite ends of a workpiece, and belongs to the technical field of machining.

Background

The lathe is mainly a lathe for turning a rotating workpiece by using a turning tool. The lathe is the most main cutting machine tool in metal cutting machine tools, is a processing device commonly taught in metal cutting machine tools, and can also be used for carrying out corresponding processing by using matched auxiliary tools for reaming, drilling, reaming, tapping, knurling, boring and the like.

In the machining industry, it is often necessary to perform an operation of machining holes on opposite end surfaces of a workpiece by using a lathe, and as shown in fig. 1, there is a case where it is necessary to machine a through hole 2 in a rectangular workpiece 1 (such as a certain relief valve body), and both ends of the through hole 2 penetrate through an upper end surface and a lower end surface of the workpiece 1, respectively, but since the height Z direction of the workpiece 1 is relatively long, the hole depth L of the through hole 2 is relatively long, and the bar strength of a lathe tool cannot meet the requirement of a feeding stroke, and thus it is impossible to perform the machining from one end surface of the workpiece 1 at a time. Therefore, in actual machining, the turning tool is controlled to be fed from one end face of the workpiece 1 to the middle position of the workpiece 1, then the workpiece 1 is turned 180 degrees, and then the turning tool is controlled to be fed from the other opposite end face of the workpiece 1 to the middle position of the workpiece 1, and the machining of the through hole 2 is completed through the two times of machining. In addition to the above-described case of processing through holes, it is also often the case of processing non-through holes on opposite end surfaces of a work. In general, in either case, it is most desirable to ensure that the machining holes on the opposite end surfaces of the workpiece are in a coaxial position, i.e., that the center axes of the machining holes on the opposite end surfaces of the workpiece coincide, for design purposes.

As shown in fig. 2, in the prior art, when machining is performed by using a lathe, one end face of a workpiece 1 is clamped by a chuck 4 on the end of a lathe spindle 3, so that the workpiece 1 is in a horizontal state, then a hole is machined on the other end face of the workpiece 1 by feeding a turning tool 5, after machining is completed, the clamping of the chuck 4 is released, the workpiece 1 is turned 180 degrees, the other end face of the workpiece 1 is clamped by the chuck 4, and then the hole is machined on the one end face of the workpiece 1 by feeding the turning tool 5.

However, in actual operation, when the workpiece is turned 180 degrees to re-process the hole, the position of the workpiece may be changed due to chuck clamping, worker operation, etc., so that the central axis of the hole processed twice cannot be ensured to be in a coaxial position, and thus, the coaxiality of the processed holes on the opposite end surfaces of the workpiece cannot be ensured, and the processing quality of the workpiece may be reduced.

After searching, patent documents which are the same as or similar to the technical proposal of the application are not found.

In summary, how to design a tool, when the workpiece is machined on two opposite end surfaces of the lathe, the machined holes on the two opposite end surfaces of the workpiece can be guaranteed to be in coaxial positions, coaxiality of the two machined holes is guaranteed, and the improvement of the machining quality of the workpiece is a technical problem to be solved urgently.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the utility model provides the tool capable of ensuring the coaxiality of the machining holes on the two opposite end surfaces of the workpiece, so that when the workpiece is machined on the two opposite end surfaces of the lathe, the machining holes on the two opposite end surfaces of the workpiece are positioned coaxially, the coaxiality of the two machining holes is ensured, and the machining quality of the workpiece is improved.

In order to solve the technical problems, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme: the tool comprises a base, a first supporting seat, a second supporting seat and a workpiece die sleeve, wherein the shape of the inner peripheral surface of the workpiece die sleeve is matched with that of the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece, the bottoms of the first supporting seat and the second supporting seat are connected to the top surface of the base, the outer side part of the workpiece die sleeve is connected with the first supporting seat and the second supporting seat, the workpiece die sleeve is arranged between the first supporting seat and the second supporting seat, a workpiece to be processed is placed in the workpiece die sleeve, an automatic alignment mechanism is arranged on the inner peripheral surface of the workpiece die sleeve, the inner peripheral surface of the workpiece die sleeve comprises a first inner side surface to a fourth inner side surface, the first inner side surface and the second inner side surface are oppositely arranged along the Y direction, the third inner side surface and the fourth inner side surface are oppositely arranged along the X direction, the X direction and the Y direction are mutually perpendicular, the first inner side surface is set to be a reference surface, and the automatic alignment mechanism comprises a plurality of ball heads, and the plurality of ball heads are arranged on the second inner side surface, the ball heads are arranged on the third side surface, the ball heads and the ball heads are arranged on the fourth ball heads and the ball heads; the tool also comprises a workpiece compressing and fixing device capable of fixing the workpiece on the tool.

Preferably, the workpiece compressing and fixing device comprises a plurality of compressing and fixing blocks which can be disassembled and assembled and connected to the tops of the first supporting seat and the second supporting seat, and a compressing mechanism I to a compressing mechanism III which are arranged on the side part of the workpiece die sleeve.

Preferably, the first to third pressing mechanisms comprise a rotating sleeve, a pressing cover and a pressing pad, the side part of the workpiece die sleeve is provided with a mounting through hole, the rotating sleeve is connected in the mounting through hole at the side part of the workpiece die sleeve, and one end of the rotating sleeve is exposed out of the side part of the workpiece die sleeve;

the rotating sleeve is provided with internal threads, the pressing cover is provided with external threads, the pressing cover is connected in the rotating sleeve through the matched threads of the external threads and the internal threads, the pressing pad is inserted into the pressing cover, two mutually independent components are arranged between the pressing pad and the pressing cover, and when the pressing pad is pressed and fixed, the pressing pad is in contact with the side part of a workpiece.

Preferably, the pressing cover is hollow round boss, the pressing pad is solid round boss, the axial extension part of the pressing pad is inserted into the inner cavity of the pressing cover, and when the pressing cover moves along the axial direction of the rotating sleeve, the second flange of the pressing cover contacts with the first flange of the pressing pad, so that the pressing pad is driven to move along the axial direction of the rotating sleeve.

Preferably, one end of the rotating sleeve in the second pressing mechanism is fixedly connected with the first supporting seat, and one end of the rotating sleeve in the third pressing mechanism is fixedly connected with the second supporting seat, so that the workpiece die sleeve is connected with the first supporting seat and the second supporting seat.

Preferably, one end of the rotating sleeve in the second pressing mechanism is movably connected with the first supporting seat, and one end of the rotating sleeve in the third pressing mechanism is movably connected with the second supporting seat, so that the workpiece die sleeve is connected with the first supporting seat and the second supporting seat.

Preferably, the first support seat and the second support seat are provided with U-shaped open grooves, and the middle positions of straight groove edges at two sides of the U-shaped open grooves are respectively provided with an outwards convex arc-shaped groove edge, so that the inner space of the U-shaped open groove is divided into an upper straight groove space, a circular groove space and a lower straight groove space from top to bottom in sequence, and the upper straight groove space, the circular groove space and the lower straight groove space are communicated in sequence;

the outer peripheral surface of one end of the rotating sleeve exposed out of the side part of the workpiece die sleeve comprises a straight surface I, a straight surface II and an arc surface I and an arc surface II which are oppositely arranged along the Y direction, wherein the straight surface I and the straight surface II are symmetrically arranged about the central axis N of the rotating sleeve, the arc surface I and the arc surface II are symmetrically arranged about the central axis N of the rotating sleeve, and the straight surface I, the arc surface II, the straight surface II and the arc surface I are sequentially connected end to end in a joint manner to form one end of the rotating sleeve exposed out of the side part of the workpiece die sleeve; setting the distance between the first straight surface and the second straight surface as D1, setting the distance between the straight groove edges at two sides of the U-shaped open groove as D2, and matching the D1 with the D2; the diameters of the cambered surface I and the cambered surface II are d1, and the diameters of the arc groove edges of the U-shaped open groove 24 are d2, so that d1 and d2 are matched;

when the workpiece die sleeve is connected with the first supporting seat and the second supporting seat, one end of the rotating sleeve of the pressing mechanism II on one side part of the workpiece die sleeve is placed into the lower straight groove space of the U-shaped open groove of the first supporting seat, and one end of the rotating sleeve of the pressing mechanism III on the other side part of the workpiece die sleeve is placed into the lower straight groove space of the U-shaped open groove of the second supporting seat, so that the workpiece die sleeve is connected with the first supporting seat and the second supporting seat.

Preferably, a telescopic positioning shaft mechanism is arranged on the base, the telescopic positioning shaft mechanism comprises a positioning shaft movably connected to the base and a positioning shaft spring arranged in the base, one end of the positioning shaft spring is connected with the base, the other end of the positioning shaft spring is connected with one end of the positioning shaft, and the other end of the positioning shaft can extend out of the base or retract into the base; the outer diameter of the positioning shaft is equal to the inner diameter of a hole to be machined on the end face of the workpiece.

The utility model has the beneficial effects that: according to the utility model, through the structural design, before the end face hole machining is carried out on the workpiece, the position of the workpiece can be aligned through the automatic alignment mechanism, and then the workpiece after the alignment is fixed by the workpiece pressing and fixing device for machining, so that the machined holes on two opposite machining end faces are in the coaxial position, and the machining quality of the workpiece is improved. Through the specific structural design to hold-down mechanism for when utilizing hold-down mechanism to compress tightly the work piece, can not fish tail work piece lateral part, further improved the processingquality of work piece. Through designing the workpiece die sleeve and the movable connection structure between the first supporting seat and the second supporting seat, after the workpiece is placed in the workpiece die sleeve at one time, the hole processing of the end faces at the two opposite ends can be completed, the workpiece is not required to be taken out repeatedly to be repositioned, the labor intensity of operators is reduced, and the processing efficiency is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an axial cross-sectional structure of a workpiece being processed;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a prior art structure for machining a hole in a workpiece using a lathe;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a front view of an end face of a workpiece;

fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of a tooling sleeve according to one embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a die sleeve of a workpiece according to an embodiment of the utility model;

FIG. 7 is a schematic top view of a workpiece in a first embodiment of the utility model after being placed in a workpiece die sleeve for automatic alignment;

FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of the present utility model after automatic alignment of a workpiece;

FIG. 9 is a schematic top view of a pressing mechanism for pressing and fastening after a workpiece is placed in a workpiece die sleeve for automatic alignment;

FIG. 10 is an enlarged schematic view of the portion B of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a schematic perspective view of a second embodiment of the present utility model;

fig. 12 is a schematic front view of a supporting seat according to a second embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a partial perspective view of a part of a second embodiment of the present utility model on the side of a sleeve of a workpiece at a rotor;

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the present utility model for forming a hole in a workpiece;

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram II of a hole processing principle of a workpiece according to the second embodiment of the utility model;

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram III of a schematic structure of a hole formed in a workpiece according to the second embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the present utility model when the hole is formed in a workpiece;

FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the present utility model when a hole is formed in a workpiece;

FIG. 19 is a schematic axial sectional view of a base in accordance with a third embodiment of the present utility model;

in the figure: 1. workpiece 1111, outer side I, 1112, outer side II, 1113, outer side III, 1114, outer side IV, 1115, end face, 2, bore, 3, lathe spindle, 4, chuck, 5, turning tool, 6, base, 7, support base I, 8, support base II, 9, workpiece die set, 911, inner side I, 912, inner side II, 913, inner side III, 914, inner side IV, 10, ball plunger I, 101, ball body I, 11, ball plunger II, 111, ball body II, 12, ball plunger III, 121, ball body III, 13, hold down securing block, the device comprises a first pressing mechanism, a second pressing mechanism, a third pressing mechanism, a 17 opening, a 18 through hole, a 19 rotating sleeve, a 191 straight surface, a 192 straight surface, a 193 straight surface, a 194 cambered surface, a 20 pressing cover, a 201 flange, a 21 pressing pad, a 211 axial extension, a 212 flange, a 22 connecting screw, a 23 threaded connection, a 24U-shaped open groove, a 241 straight groove edge, a 242 arc groove edge, a 243 upper straight groove space, a 244 circular groove space, a 245 lower straight groove space, a 25 positioning shaft and a 26 positioning shaft spring.

Detailed Description

The technical scheme of the utility model is further elaborated below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1 and 3, in the space rectangular coordinate system of XYZ axes, the length direction of the rectangular parallelepiped workpiece 1 is in the X direction, the width direction of the rectangular parallelepiped workpiece 1 is in the Y direction, and the height direction of the rectangular parallelepiped workpiece 1 is in the Z direction.

The applicant has found that in the prior art, it is not possible to precisely ensure that the machined holes on the two opposite end surfaces are in the coaxial position, mainly because after the two clamping by the chuck, the position of the workpiece 1 is changed, so that the positions of the end surfaces machined twice on the XY axis plane are also changed, as in the XY axis plane shown in fig. 3, the machined end surface position is changed from the solid line frame end surface in fig. 3 to the position of the virtual line frame end surface, and the position of the turning tool is not changed, so that the machined two holes are not in the coaxial position. If the workpiece is at the same position during the two-time machining, the position of the end face of the two-time machining on the XY axis plane is not changed, further, as shown in FIG. 3, the position of the end face of the two-time machining on the X direction and the Y direction is only required to be at the same position in the XY axis plane.

The applicant designs a tool capable of ensuring that two opposite machining end surfaces of a workpiece are positioned at the same position in an XY axis plane during machining, and then the tool is arranged on a lathe spindle to replace a chuck to clamp the workpiece for hole machining, so that the machined two holes are positioned at the same axis.

Embodiment one: as shown in FIG. 4, a tool capable of ensuring coaxiality of machining holes at two opposite ends of a workpiece comprises a base 6, a first supporting seat 7, a second supporting seat 8 and a workpiece die sleeve 9, wherein the shape of the inner peripheral surface of the workpiece die sleeve 9 is matched with that of the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece, in the embodiment, the inner peripheral surface of the workpiece die sleeve 9 is a rectangular surface because the workpiece is a cuboid, the bottoms of the first supporting seat 7 and the second supporting seat 8 are connected to the top surface of the base 6, the bottom surface of the base 6 is connected with the end part of a lathe spindle, the outer side part of the workpiece die sleeve 9 is connected with the first supporting seat 7 and the second supporting seat 8, the workpiece die sleeve 9 is arranged at a position between the first supporting seat 7 and the second supporting seat 8, and the workpiece to be machined is placed in the workpiece die sleeve 9. An automatic alignment mechanism is arranged on the inner peripheral surface of the workpiece die sleeve 9, and after the workpiece is placed in the workpiece die sleeve 9, the positions of the two end faces machined on the workpiece in an XY axis plane are adjusted and aligned through the automatic alignment mechanism, so that the two end faces machined on the workpiece are in zero positions in the XY axis plane, and finally, the two end faces machined on the workpiece are in the same position in the XY axis plane. The workpiece pressing and fixing device is further arranged on the tool, and after the positions of the two end faces machined on the workpiece in the XY axis plane are adjusted and aligned through the automatic alignment mechanism, the workpiece at the zero position can be fixed on the tool through the workpiece pressing and fixing device, so that the turning tool of the lathe can be fed and machined conveniently.

As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the inner peripheral surface of the workpiece die sleeve 9 includes an inner side surface one to an inner side surface four, the inner side surface one 911 and the inner side surface two 912 are oppositely disposed along the Y direction, the inner side surface three 913 and the inner side surface four 914 are oppositely disposed along the X direction, the X direction and the Y direction are mutually perpendicular, the inner side surface one 911 is set as a reference surface, the self-aligning mechanism includes a plurality of ball plungers, the plurality of ball plungers includes a ball plunger one 10 disposed on the inner side surface two 912, a ball plunger two 11 disposed on the inner side surface three 913, and a ball plunger three 12 disposed on the inner side surface four 914, the ball plunger two 11 and the ball plunger three 12 are symmetrically disposed on the inner side surface three 913 and the inner side surface four 914 respectively about the central axis a of the workpiece die sleeve 9, and when the workpiece 1 is placed in the workpiece die sleeve 9, the ball bodies of the ball plungers on the three inner side surfaces of the workpiece die sleeve 9 are exposed on the inner side surfaces of the workpiece die sleeve 9 and contact with the side surfaces of the workpiece 1. In this embodiment, the ball plunger may be a general ball plunger, or may be a corrosion-resistant load-adjustable ball plunger disclosed in chinese patent No. CN 215293379U, 2021, 12/24.

As shown in fig. 7, when the workpiece 1 is placed in the workpiece die sleeve 9, the first ball body 101 of the first ball plunger 10 extends out to contact with the first outer side 1111 of the workpiece 1 in the Y direction, so that the second outer side 112 of the workpiece 1 opposite to the first outer side 1111 is tightly attached to the first inner side 911 serving as a reference surface in the workpiece die sleeve 9, and at this time, the position of the workpiece 1 in the Y direction is adjusted; in the X direction, the position of the workpiece in the X direction is adjusted by the protrusion of the ball body two 111 of the ball plunger two 11 into contact with the outer side three 1113 of the workpiece 1 and the protrusion of the ball body three 121 of the ball plunger three 12 into contact with the outer side four 1114 of the workpiece 1 opposite to the outer side three 1113, and since the spring force in the ball plunger two 11 and the spring force in the ball plunger three 12 are set to be the same in advance, the center position of the workpiece 1 in the X direction is automatically moved to the center position of the workpiece die sleeve in the X direction by a pair of forces of the same magnitudes applied to the workpiece 1 by the ball body two 111 of the ball plunger two 11 and the ball body three 121 of the ball plunger three 12, namely, after the movement, the distance H1 between the outer side three 1113 of the workpiece 1 and the inner side four 914 of the workpiece die sleeve 9 in the X direction is equal to the distance H2 between the outer side four 1114 of the workpiece 1 and the inner side four 914 of the workpiece die sleeve 9 in the X direction, and the position of the workpiece 1 in the X direction is adjusted. When the position of the workpiece 1 in the X direction and the Y direction is adjusted, the workpiece 1 is at the zero position.

Through the above process, after the operator places the workpiece 1 into the workpiece die sleeve 9, the machining end faces (upper bottom face or lower bottom face) of the workpiece 1 can be located at the zero position through the automatic alignment mechanism, so that the machined holes on the two opposite machining end faces are located at the coaxial positions.

When the workpiece 1 is adjusted to the zero point position by the automatic alignment mechanism, the workpiece 1 needs to be fixed in position by the workpiece pressing and fixing device and then processed, so that the position of the workpiece 1 is prevented from changing in the processing process. As shown in fig. 4, 8 and 9, the workpiece pressing and fixing device includes a plurality of detachable pressing and fixing blocks 13 connected to the tops of the first support seat 7 and the second support seat 8, and a first pressing mechanism to a third pressing mechanism arranged on the side portion of the workpiece die sleeve 9, wherein the first pressing mechanism 14 is located at the second 912 of the workpiece die sleeve 9, the second pressing mechanism 15 is located at the third 913 of the workpiece die sleeve 9, and the third pressing mechanism 16 is located at the fourth 914 of the workpiece die sleeve 9. When the workpiece 1 is adjusted to the zero point position through the automatic alignment mechanism, the first pressing mechanism 14 stretches out of the second 912 of the inner side surface of the workpiece die sleeve 9 to be in contact with the first 1111 of the workpiece 1 in the Y direction, so that the workpiece 1 is pressed and fixed on the first 911 of the inner side surface of the workpiece die sleeve 9; in the X direction, the pressing mechanism II 15 extends from the inner side surface III 913 of the workpiece die sleeve 9 to be in contact with the outer side surface III 1113 of the workpiece 1, and the pressing mechanism III 16 extends from the inner side surface IV 914 of the workpiece die sleeve 9 to be in contact with the outer side surface IV 1114 of the workpiece 1; as shown in fig. 8, the height K1 of the workpiece 1 in the Z direction is larger than the height K2 of the workpiece die 9, so that both ends of the workpiece 1 are exposed to both ends of the workpiece die 9 after being placed in the workpiece die 9. Accordingly, the other end of the work 1 is press-fastened to the top surface of the base 6 by the pressing fixed block 13 being in contact with the one end surface 1115 of the work 1 in the Z direction. The workpiece is fixed on the tool by the pressing and fixing in the three directions X, Y, Z.

The first side 911 of the workpiece die 9 may be provided as a closed surface as the other three sides, but in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, an opening 17 is provided in the first side 911 of the workpiece die 9, where the opening 17 is left mainly for the purpose of facilitating the removal of the workpiece therefrom. As shown in fig. 8, each pressing fixing block 13 is provided with a through hole 18, and the pressing fixing block 13 is locked on the first support seat 7 or the second support seat 8 by passing a screw through the through hole 18.

The pressing mechanism can adopt a screw to pass through a threaded hole on the workpiece die sleeve to press and fix the workpiece, but in the embodiment, as shown in fig. 10, the pressing mechanisms one to three comprise a rotating sleeve 19, a pressing cover 20 and a pressing pad 21, a mounting through hole is formed on the side part of the workpiece die sleeve 9, the rotating sleeve 19 is connected in the mounting through hole on the side part of the workpiece die sleeve 9 through a connecting screw 22, and one end of the rotating sleeve 19 is exposed out of the side part of the workpiece die sleeve 9. When the workpiece die sleeve 9 is connected with the first support seat 7 and the second support seat 8, the workpiece die sleeve 9 can be directly connected with the first support seat 7 and the second support seat 8, but in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, one end of the rotating sleeve 19 in the second pressing mechanism 15 is fixedly connected with the first support seat 7, and one end of the rotating sleeve 19 in the third pressing mechanism 16 is fixedly connected with the second support seat 8, so that the workpiece die sleeve 9 is connected with the first support seat 7 and the second support seat 8. Referring to fig. 10 again, the rotating sleeve 19 is provided with an internal thread, the pressing cover 20 is provided with an external thread, the pressing cover 20 is connected with the internal thread 23 inside the rotating sleeve 19 by the external thread and the internal thread, the pressing pad 21 is inserted into the pressing cover 20, and the pressing pad 21 and the pressing cover 20 are two independent components, and no connection relationship exists between them. When the press fastening is performed, the pressing cover 20 is made to extend along the axial movement of the rotating sleeve 19 by rotating the pressing cover 20, so that the pressing pad 21 is driven to extend along the axial movement of the rotating sleeve 19, and finally the pressing pad 21 is made to contact with the side part of the workpiece 1. In this way, since a gap is left between the pressing pad 21 and the pressing cover 20, the pressing cover 20 is both rotated and axially moved during the movement and extension, but the pressing pad 21 is axially moved without being rotated, so that the outer surface of the workpiece is not scratched by the contact of the pressing pad 21 with the side portion of the workpiece 1. As shown in fig. 10, in this embodiment, the compression cover 20 is in a hollow round boss shape, the compression pad 21 is in a solid round boss shape, the axial extension 211 of the compression pad 21 is inserted into the inner cavity of the compression cover 20, and when the compression cover 20 moves along the axial direction of the rotating sleeve 19, the second flange 201 of the compression cover 20 contacts the first flange 212 of the compression pad 21, so as to drive the compression pad 21 to move along the axial direction of the rotating sleeve.

The working procedure of this example is as follows: firstly, vertically placing the tool in the embodiment, then placing the workpiece 1 into a workpiece die sleeve 9, and aligning the position of the workpiece 1 through an automatic alignment mechanism in the workpiece die sleeve 9, namely, enabling the workpiece 1 to be in a zero position; then, the workpiece is pressed and fixed from the X direction and the Y direction through three pressing mechanisms, and then the pressing fixed block 13 is arranged on the supporting seat to press and fix the workpiece from the Z direction. After the fixation is completed, the base 6 of the tool is connected with a lathe spindle through a screw, at the moment, the tool and the workpiece are in a horizontal state (similar to the state shown in fig. 2), and then the end face of one end of the workpiece is subjected to hole machining by utilizing the feeding of the turning tool; after the first machining is finished, the tool is taken down from the main shaft of the lathe, placed vertically, the compression fixed block 13 is taken down from the supporting seat, then the compression state of the three compression mechanisms is released, the workpiece is taken out from the workpiece die sleeve 9, turned over for 180 degrees, placed in the workpiece die sleeve 9 again, and the position of the workpiece 1 is aligned again through the automatic alignment mechanism in the workpiece die sleeve 9, so that the workpiece 1 is positioned at the zero point position again; then, the workpiece is pressed and fixed from X, Y and Z directions through the three pressing mechanisms and the pressing fixed block 13, after the fixation is completed, the base 6 of the tool is connected with the lathe spindle again through the screw, at the moment, the tool and the workpiece are in a horizontal state (similar to the state shown in fig. 2), and the other end face of the workpiece is subjected to hole machining by feeding of the turning tool. Because the workpiece 1 is in the zero position during the two times of processing, the processing holes on the end surfaces of the two opposite ends of the workpiece 1 are ensured to be in the coaxial positions.

Embodiment two: as shown in fig. 11, the difference from the first embodiment is that: the workpiece die sleeve 9 is not fixedly connected with the first supporting seat 7 and the second supporting seat 8, but is movably connected with the first supporting seat and the second supporting seat. As shown in fig. 12 to 14, the specific structure is that a vertical U-shaped open slot 24 is provided on a first support seat 7 and a second support seat 8 along the Z-direction, and convex arc slot edges 242 are provided at the middle positions of the straight slot edges 241 on both sides of the U-shaped open slot 24, so that the internal space of the U-shaped open slot 24 is divided into an upper straight slot space 243, a circular slot space 244 and a lower straight slot space 245 from top to bottom in sequence, and the upper straight slot space 243, the circular slot space 244 and the lower straight slot space 245 are sequentially communicated.

The outer peripheral surface of one end of the rotating sleeve 19 exposed out of the side part of the workpiece die sleeve 9 and the outer peripheral surface of one end of the rotating sleeve 19 of the pressing mechanism II 15 and the outer peripheral surface of one end of the rotating sleeve 19 of the pressing mechanism III 16 respectively comprise a straight surface I191, a straight surface II 192, an arc surface I193 and an arc surface II 194 which are oppositely arranged along the Y direction, wherein the straight surface I191 and the straight surface II 192 are symmetrically arranged about the central axis N of the rotating sleeve 19, the arc surface I193 and the arc surface II 194 are symmetrically arranged about the central axis N of the rotating sleeve 19, and the straight surface I191, the arc surface II 194, the straight surface II 192 and the arc surface I193 are sequentially connected end to form one end of the rotating sleeve 19 exposed out of the side part of the workpiece die sleeve 9, namely one side of the straight surface I191 is connected with one side of the arc surface II 194, the other side of the arc surface II 194 is connected with one side of the straight surface II 192, the other side of the straight surface II 192 is connected with one side of the arc surface I193, and the other side of the arc surface I193 is connected with the other side of the straight surface I191. Let D1 be the distance between first straight surface 191 and second straight surface 192, and D2 be the distance between straight groove edges 241 on both sides of U-shaped open groove 24, D1 and D2 match (e.g., d1=d2). Let the diameters of the first and second arc surfaces 193 and 194 be d1, and let the diameters of the arc edges 242 of the U-shaped open slot 24 be d2, d1 and d2 are matched (e.g., d1=d2).

As shown in fig. 11, when the workpiece die 9 is connected to the first support seat 7 and the second support seat 8, the first straight face 191 and the second straight face 192 of the one end of the second rotary sleeve 19 of the second pressing mechanism 15 are respectively brought into contact with the two side straight groove sides 241 of the lower straight groove space 245 of the first support seat 24 of the first U-shaped opening groove 24 of the first support seat 7 and the second straight face 192 of the one end of the third rotary sleeve 19 of the third pressing mechanism 16 is respectively brought into contact with the two side straight groove sides 241 of the lower straight groove space 245 of the second U-shaped opening groove 24 of the second support seat 8 by placing the one end of the second rotary sleeve 19 of the third pressing mechanism 16 on the other side of the workpiece die 9 into the lower straight groove space 245 of the second support seat 8, so that the first straight face 191 and the second straight face 192 of the one end of the second rotary sleeve 19 of the second pressing mechanism 15 are respectively brought into contact with the two side straight groove sides 241 of the lower straight groove space 24 of the first support seat 7 and the second support seat 8.

The structure is arranged so that when the workpiece is processed into the processing hole on one end face, and the opposite end face at the other end is required to be processed by turning 180 degrees, the workpiece is not required to be taken out from the workpiece die sleeve, and the workpiece can be realized by utilizing the matching structure between the rotating sleeve and the first supporting seat and the second supporting seat, so that the labor intensity of operators is greatly reduced, and the processing efficiency is improved. As shown in fig. 14 to 18, the specific principle steps are: firstly, vertically placing a tool, and then placing a workpiece die sleeve 9 between two supporting seats, so that one end of a rotating sleeve 19 on one side part of the workpiece die sleeve 9 is placed into a lower straight groove space 245 of a U-shaped open groove 24 of a first supporting seat 7, and one end of the rotating sleeve 19 on the other side part of the workpiece die sleeve 9 is placed into a lower straight groove space 245 of a U-shaped open groove 24 of a second supporting seat 8, and at the moment, a first straight surface 191 and a second straight surface 192 of one end of the rotating sleeve 19 are respectively contacted with two straight groove edges 241 of the supporting seats, so that the workpiece die sleeve 9 is fixedly connected between the two supporting seats; then placing the workpiece 1 into a workpiece die sleeve 9 for automatic alignment and compaction fixation, and horizontally connecting a base 6 of the tool to a lathe spindle to process a hole on one end face A1 of the workpiece (as shown in FIG. 14); after the machining is finished, the workpiece 1 is not required to be completely taken out of the workpiece die sleeve 9, the pressing fixed block 13 is only required to be taken down, then the workpiece die sleeve 9 is moved along the U-shaped open groove 24 on the supporting seat, when the rotating sleeve 19 of the workpiece die sleeve 9 is moved to the round groove space 244 in the U-shaped open groove 24, the workpiece die sleeve 9 is stopped from moving, then the workpiece die sleeve 9 and the workpiece 1 are rotated 180 degrees by taking the central axis of the rotating sleeve 19 as the center of a circle (shown in fig. 15 and 16), after the workpiece die sleeve is turned over 180 degrees, the end face A2 of the opposite other end of the workpiece faces horizontally towards the turning tool direction (shown in fig. 17), the workpiece die sleeve 9 is reversely moved to the original position along the U-shaped open groove 24 on the supporting seat, and finally the pressing fixed block 13 is installed to press and fix the workpiece 1 from Z direction, so that the hole machining can be carried out on the end face of the opposite other end face of the workpiece 1 (shown in fig. 18). In the process of moving the workpiece die sleeve 9 and the workpiece 1, the positions of the workpiece 1 in the workpiece die sleeve 9 cannot be changed due to the action of the three pressing mechanisms, so that the coaxiality of the machined holes on the end faces of the two opposite ends of the workpiece 1 is ensured.

Embodiment III: as shown in fig. 19, the difference from the first and second embodiments is that: the base 6 is provided with a telescopic positioning shaft mechanism, the telescopic positioning shaft mechanism comprises a positioning shaft 25 movably connected to the base 6 and a positioning shaft spring 26 arranged in the base 6, one end of the positioning shaft spring 26 is connected with the base 6, the other end of the positioning shaft spring 26 is connected with one end of the positioning shaft 25, and the other end of the positioning shaft 15 can extend out of the base 6 or retract into the base 6. In this embodiment, the positioning spring 26 is a compression spring. The outer diameter of the positioning shaft 15 is equal to the inner diameter of a hole to be machined in the end face of the workpiece.

When the workpiece is placed in the workpiece die sleeve 9 for the first time, after being fixed by the pressing fixing block 13, one end portion A1 of the workpiece is machined, at this time, the other end portion A2 of the workpiece contacts the base 6, and under the extrusion of the other end portion A2 of the workpiece, the other end of the positioning shaft 15 is retracted into the base 6, and the positioning spring 26 is in a compressed state. When the end part A1 of one end of the workpiece is processed, the workpiece is turned over for 180 degrees, and after the workpiece is fixed by the compression fixing block 13 again, the end part A1 of one end of the workpiece is contacted with the base 6, and meanwhile, under the action of restoring force of the positioning spring 26, the other end of the positioning shaft 15 extends into a processed hole on the end part A1 of one end of the workpiece to carry out supplementary positioning, so that the position of the workpiece is further ensured not to change, and the coaxiality of the processed holes on the end surfaces of the two opposite ends of the workpiece is further ensured.

In summary, the utility model has the advantages that by the structural design, before the end face hole processing is carried out on the workpiece, the position of the workpiece can be aligned by the automatic alignment mechanism, and then the workpiece after the alignment is fixed by the workpiece pressing and fixing device for processing, so that the processed holes on two opposite processing end faces are in the coaxial position, and the processing quality of the workpiece is improved. Through the specific structural design to hold-down mechanism for when utilizing hold-down mechanism to compress tightly the work piece, can not fish tail work piece lateral part, further improved the processingquality of work piece. Through designing the workpiece die sleeve and the movable connection structure between the first supporting seat and the second supporting seat, after the workpiece is placed in the workpiece die sleeve at one time, the hole processing of the end faces at the two opposite ends can be completed, the workpiece is not required to be taken out repeatedly to be repositioned, the labor intensity of operators is reduced, and the processing efficiency is improved.

The term "plurality" as used in this embodiment means the number of "two or more". The above embodiments are only for illustrating the present utility model, not for limiting the present utility model, and various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the relevant art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present utility model, so that all equivalent technical solutions shall fall within the scope of the present utility model, which is defined by the claims.

Claims

1. Can guarantee frock of work piece relative both ends face machined hole axiality, its characterized in that: the automatic alignment mechanism comprises a plurality of ball plungers, wherein the ball plungers are arranged on the inner side face II, the ball plungers are arranged on the inner side face III and the ball plungers on the inner side face IV; the tool also comprises a workpiece compressing and fixing device capable of fixing the workpiece on the tool.

2. The tooling capable of ensuring coaxiality of machining holes at two opposite end surfaces of a workpiece according to claim 1, wherein: the workpiece compressing and fixing device comprises a plurality of compressing and fixing blocks which can be disassembled and assembled and are connected to the tops of the first supporting seat and the second supporting seat, and a compressing mechanism I to a compressing mechanism III which are arranged on the side part of the workpiece die sleeve.

3. The tooling capable of ensuring coaxiality of machining holes on two opposite end surfaces of a workpiece according to claim 2, wherein: the pressing mechanism I to the pressing mechanism III comprise rotating sleeves, pressing covers and pressing pads, mounting through holes are formed in the side parts of the workpiece die sleeves, the rotating sleeves are connected in the mounting through holes in the side parts of the workpiece die sleeves, and one ends of the rotating sleeves are exposed out of the side parts of the workpiece die sleeves;

4. The tooling capable of ensuring coaxiality of machining holes at two opposite end surfaces of a workpiece according to claim 3, wherein: the compression cover is hollow round boss-shaped, the compression pad is solid round boss-shaped, the axial extension part of the compression pad is inserted into the inner cavity of the compression cover, and when the compression cover moves along the axial direction of the rotating sleeve, the second flange of the compression cover contacts with the first flange of the compression pad, so that the compression pad is driven to move along the axial direction of the rotating sleeve.

5. The tooling capable of ensuring coaxiality of machining holes at two opposite end surfaces of a workpiece according to claim 3, wherein: one end of the rotating sleeve in the second pressing mechanism is fixedly connected with the first supporting seat, and one end of the rotating sleeve in the third pressing mechanism is fixedly connected with the second supporting seat, so that the workpiece die sleeve is connected with the first supporting seat and the second supporting seat.

6. The tooling capable of ensuring coaxiality of machining holes at two opposite end surfaces of a workpiece according to claim 3, wherein: one end of the rotating sleeve in the second pressing mechanism is movably connected with the first supporting seat, and one end of the rotating sleeve in the third pressing mechanism is movably connected with the second supporting seat, so that the workpiece die sleeve is connected with the first supporting seat and the second supporting seat.

7. The tooling capable of ensuring coaxiality of machining holes on two opposite end surfaces of a workpiece according to claim 6, wherein: the U-shaped open grooves are formed in the first support seat and the second support seat, and convex arc-shaped groove edges are formed in the middle positions of the straight groove edges on the two sides of the U-shaped open grooves, so that the inner space of the U-shaped open groove is divided into an upper straight groove space, a round groove space and a lower straight groove space from top to bottom in sequence, and the upper straight groove space, the round groove space and the lower straight groove space are communicated in sequence;

the outer peripheral surface of one end of the rotating sleeve exposed out of the side part of the workpiece die sleeve comprises a straight surface I, a straight surface II and an arc surface I and an arc surface II which are oppositely arranged along the Y direction, wherein the straight surface I and the straight surface II are symmetrically arranged about the central axis N of the rotating sleeve, the arc surface I and the arc surface II are symmetrically arranged about the central axis N of the rotating sleeve, and the straight surface I, the arc surface II, the straight surface II and the arc surface I are sequentially connected end to end in a joint manner to form one end of the rotating sleeve exposed out of the side part of the workpiece die sleeve; setting the distance between the first straight surface and the second straight surface as D1, setting the distance between the straight groove edges at two sides of the U-shaped open groove as D2, and matching the D1 with the D2; the diameters of the arc surface I and the arc surface II are d1, and the diameters of the arc groove edges of the U-shaped open grooves are d2, so that d1 and d2 are matched;

8. The tooling for ensuring coaxiality of machined holes at two opposite end surfaces of a workpiece according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the telescopic positioning shaft mechanism comprises a positioning shaft movably connected to the base and a positioning shaft spring arranged in the base, one end of the positioning shaft spring is connected with the base, the other end of the positioning shaft spring is connected with one end of the positioning shaft, and the other end of the positioning shaft can extend out of the base or retract into the base; the outer diameter of the positioning shaft is equal to the inner diameter of a hole to be machined on the end face of the workpiece.