CN218927054U - Tool capable of ensuring coaxiality of machined holes at two opposite end surfaces of workpiece - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a tooling capable of ensuring the coaxiality of processing holes on opposite end surfaces of a workpiece, which comprises a base, support seats 1 and 2, and a mold cover for the workpiece. The bottoms of seats 1 and 2 are connected to the top surface of the base, the outer part of the workpiece mold cover is connected with support seats 1 and 2 and it is arranged at the position between support seats 1 and 2, the workpiece is placed in the workpiece mold cover, There is an automatic alignment mechanism on the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve. The inner peripheral surface of the workpiece mold sleeve includes the inner surface one to the inner surface four. The Y directions are perpendicular to each other, and the inner surface one is set as a reference plane, and the automatic alignment mechanism includes a plurality of ball plungers, which include ball plungers one, two and three respectively arranged on the inner surfaces two, three and four; The tooling also includes a workpiece pressing fixture capable of fixing the workpiece on the tooling.

Description

A tool that can ensure the coaxiality of the machined holes on the opposite ends of the workpiece

technical field

The utility model relates to a machining tool, in particular to a tool capable of ensuring the coaxiality of machining holes at opposite ends of a workpiece, and belongs to the technical field of machining.

Background technique

A lathe is mainly a machine tool that uses a turning tool to turn a rotating workpiece. Lathe is the most important cutting machine tool among metal cutting machine tools. It is a common processing equipment among metal cutting machine tools. On the lathe, it can also use supporting auxiliary tools for reaming, drilling, reaming, tapping, Knurling, boring, etc. for corresponding processing.

In the machining industry, it is often necessary to use a lathe to process holes on the opposite ends of the workpiece. In one case, as shown in Figure 1, it is necessary to process through holes in a rectangular parallelepiped workpiece 1 (such as a vent valve body). hole 2, the two ends of the through hole 2 penetrate through the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the workpiece 1 respectively, but because the height of the workpiece 1 is relatively long in the Z direction, the hole depth L of the through hole 2 is relatively long, while the lathe turning tool The strength of the tool bar cannot meet the requirements of the feed stroke, and it cannot be processed from one end face of the workpiece 1 at one time. Therefore, in actual processing, first control the turning tool to feed from one end face of the workpiece 1 to the middle position of the workpiece 1, then turn the workpiece 180 degrees, and then control the turning tool to feed from the opposite end face of the workpiece 1 The machining reaches the middle position of the workpiece 1, and the machining of the through hole 2 is completed through the above-mentioned two machinings. In addition to the above-mentioned case of processing through holes, it also often occurs that non-through holes are processed on opposite end surfaces of the workpiece. In general, no matter what the situation is, due to design requirements, most of them need to ensure that the processing holes on the opposite two ends of the workpiece are in the coaxial position, that is, the central axes of the processing holes on the opposite ends of the workpiece coincide.

As shown in Figure 2, when using a lathe for processing in the prior art, the chuck 4 on the end of the lathe spindle 3 first clamps one end face of the workpiece 1 so that the workpiece 1 is in a horizontal state, and then uses the turning tool 5 feed to process a hole on the other end of the workpiece 1. After the processing is completed, loosen the clamping of the chuck 4, turn the workpiece 180 degrees, and use the chuck 4 to clamp the other end of the workpiece 1. , and then use the turning tool 5 to feed a hole on one end face of the workpiece 1.

However, in actual operation, when the workpiece is turned 180 degrees to process the hole again, the position of the workpiece may sometimes change due to chuck clamping, worker operation, etc., so the center of the hole processed twice cannot be guaranteed. The axis is in the coaxial position, therefore, the coaxiality of the machining holes on the opposite two ends of the workpiece cannot be guaranteed, which will reduce the processing quality of the workpiece.

After searching, no patent documents identical or similar to the technical solution of the present application have been found.

In summary, how to design a tooling so that when the workpiece is machined on the opposite ends of the workpiece on the lathe, it can ensure that the machining holes on the opposite ends of the workpiece are in the coaxial position and the coaxiality of the two machining holes is ensured. Improving the processing quality of the workpiece is an urgent technical problem to be solved.

Utility model content

The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a tool that can ensure the coaxiality of the machining holes on the opposite ends of the workpiece in view of the defects in the prior art. It can ensure that the processing holes on the opposite end surfaces of the workpiece are in the coaxial position, thereby ensuring the coaxiality of the two processing holes and improving the processing quality of the workpiece.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is: a tool that can ensure the coaxiality of the machining holes at opposite ends of the workpiece, which includes a base, a support seat 1, a support seat 2 and a workpiece mold cover. The shape of the inner peripheral surface of the workpiece mold cover matches the shape of the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece. The bottoms of the support seat 1 and the support seat 2 are connected to the top surface of the base, and the outer part of the workpiece mold cover is connected to the support seat 1 and the support seat. The two are connected and the workpiece mold cover is set at a position between the support seat 1 and the support seat 2. The workpiece to be processed is placed in the workpiece mold cover, and an automatic Alignment mechanism, the inner peripheral surface of the workpiece mold cover includes the inner surface one to the inner surface four, the inner surface one and the inner surface two are arranged oppositely along the Y direction, the inner surface three and the inner surface four are arranged oppositely along the X direction, and the X The direction and the Y direction are perpendicular to each other, and the inner side one is set as a reference plane, and the self-aligning mechanism includes a plurality of ball plungers, and the plurality of ball plungers include a ball head arranged on the inner side two Plunger 1, ball plunger 2 arranged on the inner surface 3 and ball plunger 3 arranged on the inner surface 4; the tooling also includes a workpiece pressing and fixing device capable of fixing the workpiece on the tooling.

Preferably, the workpiece pressing and fixing device includes a plurality of pressing and fixing blocks detachably connected to the tops of the support base 1 and the support base 2, and the pressing mechanism 1 to the pressing mechanism arranged on the side of the workpiece mold cover. Tight body three.

Preferably, the pressing mechanism 1 to the pressing mechanism 3 all include a rotary sleeve, a pressing cover and a pressing pad, and an installation through hole is opened on the side of the workpiece mold sleeve, and the rotating sleeve is connected to the side of the workpiece mold sleeve. In the installation through hole, one end of the rotary sleeve is exposed to the side of the workpiece mold sleeve;

The rotary sleeve is provided with an internal thread, and the compression cover is provided with an external thread, and the compression cover is threadedly connected to the inside of the rotary sleeve through the cooperation of the external thread and the internal thread, and the compression pad is inserted into the interior of the compression cover, and the compression pad There are two mutually independent parts between the pressing cover and the pressing cover. When pressing, the pressing pad contacts the side of the workpiece.

Preferably, the pressing cover is in the shape of a hollow circular boss, the pressing pad is in the shape of a solid circular boss, and the axial extension of the pressing pad is inserted into the inner cavity of the pressing cover, when the pressing cover When moving along the axial direction of the rotary sleeve, the second flange of the compression cover is in contact with the first flange of the compression pad, thereby driving the compression pad to also move along the axial direction of the rotary sleeve.

Preferably, one end of the rotating sleeve in the pressing mechanism 2 is fixedly connected to the support seat 1 and one end of the rotating sleeve in the pressing mechanism 3 is affixed to the supporting seat 2, so that the workpiece mold cover is connected to the support seat 1 It is connected with support base two.

Preferably, one end of the rotary sleeve in the compression mechanism 2 is movably connected to the support seat 1 and one end of the rotary sleeve in the compression mechanism 3 is movably connected to the support seat 2, so that the workpiece mold cover and the support seat 1 are movably connected. It is connected with support base two.

Preferably, a U-shaped open groove is provided on the support seat 1 and the support seat 2, and an outwardly convex arc-shaped groove edge is provided at the middle position of the straight groove edges on both sides of the U-shaped open groove, so that the U-shaped The internal space of the open groove is divided into an upper straight groove space, a circular groove space and a lower straight groove space from top to bottom, and the upper straight groove space, the circular groove space and the lower straight groove space are sequentially connected;

The outer peripheral surface of one end of the rotary sleeve exposed on the side of the workpiece mold sleeve includes straight surface 1 and straight surface 2 oppositely arranged along the Y direction and arc surface 1 and arc surface 2 oppositely arranged along the Z direction. The central axis N is symmetrically arranged, the arc surface 1 and the arc surface 2 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis N of the rotary sleeve, and the straight surface 1, the arc surface 2, the straight surface 2 and the arc surface 1 are sequentially connected end to end to form a rotary surface exposed on the side of the workpiece mold sleeve. One end of the sleeve; set the distance between the straight face 1 and the straight face 2 as D1, and set the distance between the straight groove sides on both sides of the U-shaped open groove as D2, then D1 and D2 match; set the arc surface 1 and the arc surface 2 The diameters of each are d1, and the diameters of the arc groove sides of the U-shaped opening groove 24 are all d2, then d1 matches d2;

When the workpiece mold cover is connected with the support base 1 and the support base 2, it is by placing one end of the rotary sleeve of the pressing mechanism 2 on one side of the workpiece mold cover into the lower straight groove space of the U-shaped open groove of the support base 1. and by placing one end of the rotary sleeve of the pressing mechanism three on the other side of the workpiece mold cover into the lower straight groove space of the U-shaped open groove of the support seat two, so that the workpiece mold cover and the support seat one and the support Seat two connected.

Preferably, a telescopic positioning shaft mechanism is provided on the base, and the telescopic positioning shaft mechanism includes a positioning shaft movably connected to the base and a positioning shaft spring arranged in the base, one end of the positioning shaft spring is connected to the base The other end of the positioning shaft spring is connected to one end of the positioning shaft, and the other end of the positioning shaft can extend out of the base or retract into the base; the outer diameter of the positioning shaft is equal to the inner diameter of the hole to be processed on the end surface of the workpiece.

The beneficial effect of the utility model lies in that: the utility model enables the workpiece to be aligned by the automatic alignment mechanism before the end surface hole processing through the structural design, and then uses the workpiece pressing and fixing device to align the position The workpiece is fixed for processing, so as to ensure that the processed holes on the two opposite processing end faces are in the coaxial position, which improves the processing quality of the workpiece. Through the specific structural design of the pressing mechanism, when the workpiece is pressed by the pressing mechanism, the side of the workpiece will not be scratched, and the processing quality of the workpiece is further improved. By designing the movable connection structure between the workpiece mold cover and the support seat 1 and the support seat 2, after the workpiece is placed in the workpiece mold cover at one time, the hole processing on the end faces of the opposite ends can be completed without The workpiece needs to be taken out and repositioned repeatedly, which reduces the labor intensity of the operator and improves the processing efficiency.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the axial section structure of the processed workpiece;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation when utilizing lathe to carry out hole machining to workpiece in the prior art;

Fig. 3 is a front view structural schematic diagram of one end face of the workpiece;

Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present utility model;

Fig. 5 is a top view structural schematic diagram of the workpiece die set in the first embodiment of the utility model;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the workpiece die set in the first embodiment of the utility model;

Fig. 7 is a top view structure schematic diagram of automatic alignment after the workpiece is placed in the workpiece mold set of the first embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the utility model after the workpiece is automatically aligned;

Fig. 9 is a top view structural diagram of placing the workpiece in the workpiece mold sleeve of the first embodiment of the utility model, after automatic alignment, and timing of pressing and fastening by the pressing mechanism;

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part B in Fig. 9;

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the second embodiment of the utility model;

Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the front view of a support seat in the second embodiment of the utility model;

Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a partial three-dimensional structure located at a rotary sleeve on the side of the workpiece mold sleeve in the second embodiment of the utility model;

Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the principle structure when using the second embodiment of the present invention to process holes on workpieces;

Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram 2 of the principle structure when using the second embodiment of the utility model to process holes on workpieces;

Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram 3 of the principle structure when using the second embodiment of the present invention to process holes on workpieces;

Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram 4 of the principle structure when using the second embodiment of the utility model to process holes on workpieces;

Fig. 18 is the fifth schematic diagram of the principle structure when using the second embodiment of the utility model to process holes on the workpiece;

Fig. 19 is a schematic diagram of the axial sectional structure of the base in the third embodiment of the utility model;

Among the figure: 1. workpiece, 1111. outer side one, 1112. outer side two, 1113. outer side three, 1114. outer side four, 1115. end face, 2. hole, 3. lathe spindle, 4. chuck, 5 Turning tool, 6. base, 7. support seat one, 8. support seat two, 9. workpiece mold cover, 911. inner side one, 912. inner side two, 913. inner side three, 914. inner side four, 10. Ball plunger 1, 101. Ball plunger body 1, 11. Ball plunger 2, 111. Ball plunger 2, 12. Ball plunger 3, 121. Ball plunger body 3, 13. Press and fix Block, 14. pressing mechanism one, 15. pressing mechanism two, 16. pressing mechanism three, 17. opening, 18. through hole, 19. rotating sleeve, 191. facing one, 192. facing two, 193. arc Surface 1, 194. Arc surface 2, 20. Compression cover, 201. Flange 2, 21. Compression pad, 211. Axial extension, 212. Flange 1, 22. Connecting screw, 23. Threaded connection , 24. U-shaped open groove, 241. Straight groove edge, 242. Arc groove edge, 243. Upper straight groove space, 244. Circular groove space, 245. Lower straight groove space, 25. Positioning shaft, 26. Positioning shaft spring.

Detailed ways

The technical solution of the present utility model will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in Figures 1 and 3, in the space Cartesian coordinate system of the XYZ axis, the length direction of the cuboid workpiece 1 is along the X direction, the width direction of the cuboid workpiece 1 is along the Y direction, and the height direction of the cuboid workpiece 1 is along the Z direction.

The applicant found that, in the prior art, it is impossible to accurately ensure that the machining holes on the two opposite end faces are in the coaxial position, mainly because the position of the workpiece 1 changes after being clamped twice by the chuck, so that the two times The position of the processed end face on the XY axis plane has also changed. In the XY axis plane shown in Figure 3, the position of the processed end face has changed from the end face of the solid line frame in Figure 3 to the end face of the dotted line frame, while The position of the turning tool has not changed, resulting in two holes that are not in the coaxial position. If it can be guaranteed that the workpiece is at the same position during the two processings, it can also ensure that the position of the end face of the two processings on the XY axis plane does not change. Further, as shown in Figure 3, in the XY axis plane, as long as It is sufficient to ensure that the positions of the two processed end faces in the X direction and the Y direction are at the same position.

The applicant designed a tool that can ensure that the opposite two processing end faces of the workpiece are at the same position in the XY axis plane during processing, and then installed the tool on the lathe spindle instead of the chuck to hold the workpiece for hole processing. Thereby ensuring that the two holes machined are in the coaxial position.

Embodiment 1: As shown in Figure 4, a tool that can ensure the coaxiality of the machining holes at opposite ends of the workpiece includes a base 6, a support seat 7, a support seat 2 8 and a workpiece mold cover 9, and the workpiece mold cover The shape of the inner peripheral surface of 9 matches the shape of the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece. In this embodiment, since the workpiece is a cuboid, the inner peripheral surface of the workpiece mold cover 9 is a rectangular surface, and the first support seat 7 and the second support seat 8 The bottom of the base is connected to the top surface of the base 6, the bottom surface of the base 6 is connected to the end of the lathe spindle, the outer side of the workpiece mold cover 9 is connected to the support seat one 7 and the support seat two 8 and the workpiece mold cover 9 is arranged on the At the position between the first support seat 7 and the second support seat 8 , the workpiece to be processed is placed in the workpiece mold cover 9 . An automatic alignment mechanism is arranged on the inner peripheral surface of the workpiece mold cover 9. After the workpiece is placed in the workpiece mold sleeve 9, the two end faces processed on the workpiece are aligned in the XY axis plane by the automatic alignment mechanism. Adjust and align the position of the workpiece so that the two end faces processed on the workpiece are at the zero point in the XY axis plane, and finally ensure that the two end faces processed on the workpiece are at the same position in the XY axis plane. The tooling is also provided with a workpiece pressing and fixing device. After adjusting and aligning the positions of the two end faces processed on the workpiece in the XY axis plane through the automatic alignment mechanism, the workpiece is pressed and fixed The device can fix the workpiece at the zero point on the tooling, so as to facilitate the feeding processing of the turning tool of the lathe.

As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, the inner peripheral surface of the workpiece mold cover 9 includes inner side one to inner side four, the inner side one 911 and the inner side two 912 are arranged oppositely along the Y direction, the inner side three 913 and the inner side The side four 914 is arranged opposite to each other along the X direction, and the X direction and the Y direction are perpendicular to each other. The inner side one 911 is set as a reference plane, and the self-aligning mechanism includes a plurality of ball plungers, and the plurality of ball studs The plug includes a ball plunger one 10 arranged on the inner side two 912, a ball plunger two 11 arranged on the inner side three 913 and a ball plunger three 12 arranged on the inner side four 914. Head plunger 2 11 and ball plunger 3 12 are symmetrically arranged on the inner surface 3 913 and inner surface 4 914 respectively with respect to the central axis A of the workpiece mold sleeve 9. When the workpiece 1 is placed in the workpiece mold sleeve 9, the workpiece mold sleeve 9. The ball head bodies of the ball plungers on the three inner sides are all exposed on the inner side of the workpiece mold cover 9 and contact with the side of the workpiece 1. In this embodiment, the ball plunger can be a general ball plunger, or a Chinese utility model patent with the authorized announcement number CN 215293379 U and the authorized announcement date being December 24, 2021. Corrosion resistant load adjustable ball plunger.

The principle of automatically finding the zero point position is shown in Figure 7. When the workpiece 1 is placed in the workpiece mold cover 9, in the Y direction, the ball head body 101 of the ball plunger 10 protrudes from the outer surface of the workpiece 1. The side one 1111 is in contact, so that the outer side two 112 of the workpiece 1 opposite to the outer side one 1111 is close to the inner side one 911 as the reference surface in the workpiece mold case 9. At this time, the workpiece 1 is in the Y direction The upper position has been adjusted; in the X direction, the ball body 2 111 of the ball plunger 2 11 protrudes to contact the outer surface 3 1113 of the workpiece 1 and the ball body of the ball plunger 3 12 3 121 protrudes from the outer surface 4 1114 of the workpiece 1 opposite to the outer surface 3 1113 to contact, and adjusts the position of the workpiece in the X direction. Due to the spring force in the ball plunger 2 11 and the ball plunger The spring force in three 12 is set to the same size in advance, so, along the X direction, the ball body two 111 of the head plunger two 11 and the ball body three 121 of the ball plunger three 12 exert opposite directions on the workpiece 1 , under a pair of acting forces of the same size, the center position of the workpiece 1 in the X direction will automatically move to the center position of the workpiece mold set in the X direction, that is, after moving, in the X direction, the outer surface of the workpiece 1 The spacing H1 between three 1113 and the inner surface three 913 in the workpiece mold cover 9 equals the spacing H2 between the outer surface four 1114 of the workpiece 1 and the inner surface four 914 in the workpiece mold cover 9. At this time, the workpiece 1 is at X The position in the direction is adjusted. When the positions of the workpiece 1 in the X direction and the Y direction are all adjusted, at this time, the workpiece 1 is at the zero position.

Through the above process, when the operator puts the workpiece 1 into the workpiece mold cover 9, the machined end surface (upper bottom surface or lower bottom surface) of the workpiece 1 can be at the zero position through the automatic alignment mechanism, so as to ensure that two relative The machined holes on the machined end face are in coaxial positions.

After the workpiece 1 is adjusted to the zero position by the automatic alignment mechanism, the position of the workpiece 1 needs to be fixed by the workpiece pressing and fixing device, and then processed to prevent the position of the workpiece 1 from changing during the processing. As shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, the workpiece pressing and fixing device includes a plurality of pressing and fixing blocks 13 that are detachably connected to the top of the support seat 7 and the support seat 2 8 and are arranged on the Pressing mechanism one to pressing mechanism three on the side of workpiece mold cover 9, pressing mechanism one 14 is positioned at the inner surface two 912 of workpiece mold cover 9, and pressing mechanism two 15 is positioned at the inner surface three 913 places of workpiece mold cover 9 , The pressing mechanism three 16 is located at the inner side four 914 of the workpiece mold cover 9 . After the workpiece 1 is adjusted to the zero point position by the automatic alignment mechanism, in the Y direction, the pressing mechanism 14 is used to extend from the inner surface 912 of the workpiece mold cover 9 to contact the outer surface 1111 of the workpiece 1, and the workpiece 1 Compression is fixed on the inner surface 1 911 of the workpiece mold cover 9; in the X direction, use the pressing mechanism 2 15 to protrude from the inner surface 3 913 of the workpiece mold cover 9 to contact the outer surface 1113 of the workpiece 1 and use the pressure Tightening mechanism 3 16 protrudes from the inner surface 4 914 of the workpiece mold cover 9 and contacts the outer surface 4 1114 of the workpiece 1; as shown in Figure 8, the height K1 of the workpiece 1 in the Z direction is greater than the height K2 of the workpiece mold cover 9 , so after the workpiece 1 is placed in the workpiece mold cover 9, its two ends are exposed to the two ends of the workpiece mold cover 9. Therefore, in the Z direction, the other end of the workpiece 1 is pressed and fixed on the top surface of the base 6 by using the pressing and fixing block 13 to contact one end surface 1115 of the workpiece 1 . The workpiece is fixed on the tooling by pressing and fixing in the above three directions of X, Y and Z.

The inner surface-911 of the workpiece mold cover 9 can be set as a closed surface like the other three inner surfaces, but in this embodiment, as shown in Figure 7, the inner surface-911 of the workpiece mold cover 9 is provided with an opening 17, Here, the opening 17 is left mainly for the convenience of taking out the workpiece therefrom. As shown in Figure 8, each pressing and fixing block 13 is provided with a through hole 18, and the pressing and fixing block 13 passes through the through hole 18 and is locked on the supporting base 7 or the supporting base 2 8 by screws. of.

The pressing mechanism can use screws to pass through the threaded holes on the workpiece mold cover to press and fix the workpiece, but in this embodiment, as shown in Figure 10, the pressing mechanisms one to three all include a rotary sleeve 19, a pressing cover 20 and The pressing pad 21 has an installation through hole on the side of the workpiece mold cover 9, and the rotary sleeve 19 is connected in the installation through hole of the workpiece mold cover 9 side by the connecting screw 22, and one end of the rotary sleeve 19 is exposed to the workpiece mold. Set of 9 sides. When the workpiece mold cover 9 is connected with the support base one 7 and the support base two 8, the workpiece mold cover 9 can be directly connected with the support base one 7 and the support base two 8, but in the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 4 As shown, one end of the rotating sleeve 19 in the pressing mechanism 15 is fixedly connected to the supporting seat 1 7 and one end of the rotating sleeve 19 in the pressing mechanism 3 16 is fixedly connected to the supporting seat 2 8, so that the workpiece mold cover 9 is connected with the support seat one 7 and the support seat two 8. Referring again to Fig. 10, the swivel 19 is provided with an internal thread, and the compression cover 20 is provided with an external thread, and the compression cover 20 is threadedly connected 23 inside the rotary sleeve 19 through the cooperation of the external thread and the internal thread. The compression pad 21 is inserted into the inside of the compression cover 20, and the compression pad 21 and the compression cover 20 are two independent components, and there is no connection between them. When pressing and tightening, by turning the pressing cover 20, the pressing cover 20 is moved and stretched out along the axial direction of the rotary sleeve 19, thereby driving the pressing pad 21 to also move and stretch out along the axial direction of the rotary sleeve 19, finally making the pressing The tight pad 21 is in contact with the side of the workpiece 1 . Since there is a gap between the compression pad 21 and the compression cover 20, the compression cover 20 both rotates and moves axially during the process of moving and stretching out, but the compression pad 21 only moves axially and does not move. Can rotate, thereby utilize pressing pad 21 to contact with the side of workpiece 1 and can not scratch the outer surface of workpiece. As shown in Fig. 10, in this embodiment, the pressing cover 20 is in the shape of a hollow circular boss, the pressing pad 21 is in the shape of a solid circular boss, and the axial extension 211 of the pressing pad 21 is inserted into the pressing In the inner cavity of the tight cover 20, when the press cover 20 moves along the axial direction of the rotary sleeve 19, the flange two 201 of the press cover 20 contacts the flange one 212 of the press pad 21, thereby driving the press The pad 21 also moves in the axial direction of the sleeve.

The working process of the present embodiment is as follows: the frock in the present embodiment is placed vertically first, then the workpiece 1 is placed in the workpiece mold cover 9, and the position of the workpiece 1 is aligned by the automatic alignment mechanism in the workpiece mold cover 9 , that is, the workpiece 1 is at the zero position; then the workpiece is compressed and fixed from the X and Y directions by three compression mechanisms, and then the compression and fixing block 13 is installed on the support seat to compress and fix the workpiece from the Z direction. After the fixation is completed, connect the base 6 of the tooling to the spindle of the lathe through screws. At this time, the tooling and the workpiece are in a horizontal state (similar to the state shown in Figure 2), and then use the turning tool to process the hole on one end of the workpiece After the first processing is completed, the tooling is taken off from the lathe main shaft, placed vertically, and then the compression fixed block 13 is taken off from the support seat, then the compression state of the three compression mechanisms is released, and the workpiece is removed from the Take it out from the workpiece mold cover 9, turn it over 180 degrees, and put it back into the workpiece mold cover 9, and align the position of the workpiece 1 again through the automatic alignment mechanism in the workpiece mold cover 9, so that the workpiece 1 is in the zero position again; Then the workpiece is compressed and fixed from the X, Y and Z directions by three pressing mechanisms and the pressing and fixing block 13. After the fixing is completed, the base 6 of the tooling is connected with the lathe spindle again by screws. At this time, the tooling and the workpiece They are all in a horizontal state (similar to the state shown in Figure 2), and then use the turning tool feed to process the hole on the other end face of the workpiece. Since the workpiece 1 is at the zero point during the two processings, it is ensured that the processing holes on the opposite end faces of the workpiece 1 are at coaxial positions.

Embodiment 2: As shown in FIG. 11 , compared with Embodiment 1, the difference lies in that the workpiece mold cover 9 is not fixedly connected to the support base 7 and the support base 2 8, but is flexibly connected. As shown in Figures 12 to 14, the specific structure is that a vertical U-shaped opening groove 24 is provided along the Z direction on the support seat 7 and the support seat 2 8, and the straight groove edges are arranged on both sides of the U-shaped opening groove 24. The middle positions of 241 are provided with protruding arc-shaped groove edges 242, so that the internal space of the U-shaped open groove 24 is divided into an upper straight groove space 243, a circular groove space 244 and a lower straight groove space from top to bottom. 245, the upper straight groove space 243, the circular groove space 244 and the lower straight groove space 245 are sequentially connected.

Exposed on the side of the workpiece mold cover 9, the outer peripheral surface of one end of the rotating sleeve 19 of the pressing mechanism 2 15 and the outer peripheral surface of one end of the rotating sleeve 19 of the pressing mechanism 3 16 all include a straight face 191, a straight face 2 192 and arc surface 1 193 and arc surface 2 194 oppositely arranged along the Z direction, straight face 1 191 and straight face 2 192 are arranged symmetrically about the central axis N of the rotary sleeve 19, and arc surface 1 193 and arc surface 2 194 are about the rotary sleeve 19 The central axis N of the central axis N is symmetrically arranged, and the straight face 191, the arc face 194, the straight face 192 and the arc face 193 are sequentially connected end to end to form one end of the rotary sleeve 19 exposed on the side of the workpiece mold sleeve 9, that is, the one end facing the first 191 The side is connected with one side of arc surface 2 194, the other side of arc surface 194 is connected with the side of straight face 2 192, the other side of straight face 2 192 is connected with one side of arc surface 193, and the other side of arc surface 193 is connected The other side is connected with the other side directly facing one 191 . Set the distance between the first face 191 and the second face 192 as D1, and set the distance between the straight groove sides 241 on both sides of the U-shaped open groove 24 as D2, then D1 matches D2 (such as D1=D2). Assuming that the diameters of arc surface 1 193 and arc surface 2 194 are both d1, and that the diameter of the arc edge 242 of the U-shaped opening groove 24 is both d2, then d1 matches d2 (such as d1=d2).

As shown in Figure 11, when the workpiece mold cover 9 is connected with the support seat one 7 and the support seat two 8, it is by placing one end of the rotary sleeve 19 of the pressing mechanism two 15 on one side of the workpiece mold cover 9 on the support In the lower straight groove space 245 of the U-shaped opening groove 24 of the seat one 7 and by placing one end of the rotary sleeve 19 of the pressing mechanism three 16 on the other side of the workpiece mold cover 9 to the U-shaped opening of the supporting seat two 8 In the lower straight groove space 245 of the groove 24, the straight face one 191 and the straight face two 192 of the rotary sleeve 19 one end of the pressing mechanism two 15 are respectively connected with the two sides of the lower straight groove space 245 of the U-shaped opening groove 24 of the support seat one 7 The straight groove edge 241 contacts and makes the straight groove one 191 and the straight surface two 192 of the rotary sleeve 19 one end of the pressing mechanism three 16 respectively and the two straight groove edges of the lower straight groove space 245 of the U-shaped open groove 24 of the support seat two 8 241, so that the workpiece mold cover 9 is connected with the support seat one 7 and the support seat two 8.

The above-mentioned structural arrangement makes it possible to use the above-mentioned rotary sleeve and the support seat to support when the workpiece needs to be turned 180 degrees to process the opposite end surface after processing the machining hole on one end surface of the workpiece. The matching structure between the two seats is realized, which greatly reduces the labor intensity of the operator and improves the processing efficiency. As shown in Figures 14 to 18, the specific principle steps are as follows: firstly, place the tooling vertically, and then place the workpiece mold cover 9 between the two support seats, so that the rotating sleeve 19 on one side of the workpiece mold cover 9 One end is placed in the lower straight groove space 245 of the U-shaped opening groove 24 of the support base 7 and one end of the rotary sleeve 19 on the other side of the workpiece mold cover 9 is placed into the U-shaped opening groove 24 of the support base 2 8 In the lower straight groove space 245, at this time, the straight face one 191 and the straight face two 192 at one end of the rotary sleeve 19 are respectively in contact with the two straight groove sides 241 of the support seat, thereby the workpiece mold cover 9 is fixedly connected between the two support seats Then the workpiece 1 is placed on the workpiece mold cover 9 for automatic alignment and compression fixation, and then the base 6 of the tooling is horizontally connected to the lathe spindle to process the hole on the end surface A1 of the workpiece (as shown in Figure 14 ); after the processing is completed, it is not necessary to take out the workpiece 1 completely from the workpiece mold cover 9 at this time, as long as the pressing and fixing block 13 is removed first, and then the workpiece mold cover 9 is moved along the U-shaped opening groove 24 on the support seat, When the rotary sleeve 19 of the workpiece mold cover 9 moved to the circular groove space 244 in the U-shaped opening groove 24, stop moving the workpiece mold cover 9, and then the workpiece mold cover 9 and the workpiece 1 were together with the central axis of the rotary sleeve 19 as Rotate the center of the circle 180 degrees (as shown in Figure 15 and Figure 16), and after turning over 180 degrees, make the opposite end surface A2 of the workpiece face the direction of the turning tool horizontally (as shown in Figure 17), and then place the workpiece mold cover 9 along the The U-shaped opening groove 24 on the support base is reversely moved to the original position, and finally the pressing and fixing block 13 is installed to press and fix the workpiece 1 from Z upward, and then the hole processing can be performed on the opposite end surface of the workpiece 1 (such as Figure 18). During the movement of the workpiece mold set 9 and the workpiece 1, due to the action of the three pressing mechanisms at this time, the position of the workpiece 1 in the workpiece mold set 9 will not change, thereby ensuring the machining of the opposite ends of the workpiece 1. Concentricity of the hole.

Embodiment 3: As shown in Figure 19, compared with Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, the difference is that: a telescopic positioning shaft mechanism is provided on the base 6, and the telescopic positioning shaft mechanism includes a flexible connection on the base 6. The positioning shaft 25 and the positioning shaft spring 26 arranged in the base 6, one end of the positioning shaft spring 26 is connected with the base 6, the other end of the positioning shaft spring 26 is connected with one end of the positioning shaft 25, and the other end of the positioning shaft 15 It can stretch out from the base 6 or retract into the base 6 . In this embodiment, the positioning spring 26 is a compression spring. The outer diameter of the positioning shaft 15 is equal to the inner diameter of the hole to be processed on the end surface of the workpiece.

When the workpiece is placed in the workpiece mold cover 9 for the first time, after being fixed by pressing the fixing block 13, one end A1 of the workpiece is processed first, and at this time, the other end A2 of the workpiece is in contact with the base 6, Under the extrusion of the other end A2 of the workpiece, the other end of the positioning shaft 15 retracts into the base 6, and the positioning spring 26 is in a compressed state. When the one end A1 of the workpiece is processed, turned over 180 degrees, and fixed by the pressing and fixing block 13 again, the one end A1 of the workpiece is in contact with the base 6, and at the same time, under the restoring force of the positioning spring 26, the positioning shaft The other end of 15 extends into the hole processed on the end A1 of the workpiece for supplementary positioning, which can further ensure that the position of the workpiece does not change, thereby further ensuring the coaxiality of the processed holes on the opposite ends of the workpiece.

To sum up, the utility model adopts the structural design so that before the end face hole processing of the workpiece, the position of the workpiece can be aligned through the automatic alignment mechanism, and then the workpiece after the alignment is fixed by the workpiece pressing and fixing device. processing, so as to ensure that the processed holes on the two opposite processing end faces are in the coaxial position, which improves the processing quality of the workpiece. Through the specific structural design of the pressing mechanism, when the workpiece is pressed by the pressing mechanism, the side of the workpiece will not be scratched, and the processing quality of the workpiece is further improved. By designing the movable connection structure between the workpiece mold cover and the support seat 1 and the support seat 2, after the workpiece is placed in the workpiece mold cover at one time, the hole processing on the end faces of the opposite ends can be completed without The workpiece needs to be taken out and repositioned repeatedly, which reduces the labor intensity of the operator and improves the processing efficiency.

The "plurality" mentioned in this embodiment refers to the quantity of "two or more". The above embodiments are only for illustrating the utility model, rather than limiting the utility model. Those skilled in the art can also make various changes or transformations without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model. Therefore, all equivalent technical solutions should also belong to the protection scope of the utility model, and the protection scope of the utility model should be defined by each claim.

Claims (8)

1. Can guarantee frock of work piece relative both ends face machined hole axiality, its characterized in that: the automatic alignment mechanism comprises a plurality of ball plungers, wherein the ball plungers are arranged on the inner side face II, the ball plungers are arranged on the inner side face III and the ball plungers on the inner side face IV; the tool also comprises a workpiece compressing and fixing device capable of fixing the workpiece on the tool.

2. The tooling capable of ensuring coaxiality of machining holes at two opposite end surfaces of a workpiece according to claim 1, wherein: the workpiece compressing and fixing device comprises a plurality of compressing and fixing blocks which can be disassembled and assembled and are connected to the tops of the first supporting seat and the second supporting seat, and a compressing mechanism I to a compressing mechanism III which are arranged on the side part of the workpiece die sleeve.

3. The tooling capable of ensuring coaxiality of machining holes on two opposite end surfaces of a workpiece according to claim 2, wherein: the pressing mechanism I to the pressing mechanism III comprise rotating sleeves, pressing covers and pressing pads, mounting through holes are formed in the side parts of the workpiece die sleeves, the rotating sleeves are connected in the mounting through holes in the side parts of the workpiece die sleeves, and one ends of the rotating sleeves are exposed out of the side parts of the workpiece die sleeves;

the rotating sleeve is provided with internal threads, the pressing cover is provided with external threads, the pressing cover is connected in the rotating sleeve through the matched threads of the external threads and the internal threads, the pressing pad is inserted into the pressing cover, two mutually independent components are arranged between the pressing pad and the pressing cover, and when the pressing pad is pressed and fixed, the pressing pad is in contact with the side part of a workpiece.

4. The tooling capable of ensuring coaxiality of machining holes at two opposite end surfaces of a workpiece according to claim 3, wherein: the compression cover is hollow round boss-shaped, the compression pad is solid round boss-shaped, the axial extension part of the compression pad is inserted into the inner cavity of the compression cover, and when the compression cover moves along the axial direction of the rotating sleeve, the second flange of the compression cover contacts with the first flange of the compression pad, so that the compression pad is driven to move along the axial direction of the rotating sleeve.

5. The tooling capable of ensuring coaxiality of machining holes at two opposite end surfaces of a workpiece according to claim 3, wherein: one end of the rotating sleeve in the second pressing mechanism is fixedly connected with the first supporting seat, and one end of the rotating sleeve in the third pressing mechanism is fixedly connected with the second supporting seat, so that the workpiece die sleeve is connected with the first supporting seat and the second supporting seat.

6. The tooling capable of ensuring coaxiality of machining holes at two opposite end surfaces of a workpiece according to claim 3, wherein: one end of the rotating sleeve in the second pressing mechanism is movably connected with the first supporting seat, and one end of the rotating sleeve in the third pressing mechanism is movably connected with the second supporting seat, so that the workpiece die sleeve is connected with the first supporting seat and the second supporting seat.

7. The tooling capable of ensuring coaxiality of machining holes on two opposite end surfaces of a workpiece according to claim 6, wherein: the U-shaped open grooves are formed in the first support seat and the second support seat, and convex arc-shaped groove edges are formed in the middle positions of the straight groove edges on the two sides of the U-shaped open grooves, so that the inner space of the U-shaped open groove is divided into an upper straight groove space, a round groove space and a lower straight groove space from top to bottom in sequence, and the upper straight groove space, the round groove space and the lower straight groove space are communicated in sequence;

the outer peripheral surface of one end of the rotating sleeve exposed out of the side part of the workpiece die sleeve comprises a straight surface I, a straight surface II and an arc surface I and an arc surface II which are oppositely arranged along the Y direction, wherein the straight surface I and the straight surface II are symmetrically arranged about the central axis N of the rotating sleeve, the arc surface I and the arc surface II are symmetrically arranged about the central axis N of the rotating sleeve, and the straight surface I, the arc surface II, the straight surface II and the arc surface I are sequentially connected end to end in a joint manner to form one end of the rotating sleeve exposed out of the side part of the workpiece die sleeve; setting the distance between the first straight surface and the second straight surface as D1, setting the distance between the straight groove edges at two sides of the U-shaped open groove as D2, and matching the D1 with the D2; the diameters of the arc surface I and the arc surface II are d1, and the diameters of the arc groove edges of the U-shaped open grooves are d2, so that d1 and d2 are matched;

when the workpiece die sleeve is connected with the first supporting seat and the second supporting seat, one end of the rotating sleeve of the pressing mechanism II on one side part of the workpiece die sleeve is placed into the lower straight groove space of the U-shaped open groove of the first supporting seat, and one end of the rotating sleeve of the pressing mechanism III on the other side part of the workpiece die sleeve is placed into the lower straight groove space of the U-shaped open groove of the second supporting seat, so that the workpiece die sleeve is connected with the first supporting seat and the second supporting seat.

8. The tooling for ensuring coaxiality of machined holes at two opposite end surfaces of a workpiece according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the telescopic positioning shaft mechanism comprises a positioning shaft movably connected to the base and a positioning shaft spring arranged in the base, one end of the positioning shaft spring is connected with the base, the other end of the positioning shaft spring is connected with one end of the positioning shaft, and the other end of the positioning shaft can extend out of the base or retract into the base; the outer diameter of the positioning shaft is equal to the inner diameter of a hole to be machined on the end face of the workpiece.

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