CN218870592U - Combined acetabulum screw and acetabulum prosthesis - Google Patents
Combined acetabulum screw and acetabulum prosthesis Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN218870592U CN218870592U CN202221712199.7U CN202221712199U CN218870592U CN 218870592 U CN218870592 U CN 218870592U CN 202221712199 U CN202221712199 U CN 202221712199U CN 218870592 U CN218870592 U CN 218870592U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- screw
- hole
- threaded rod
- cap
- acetabular
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 210000000588 acetabulum Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000399 orthopedic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 14
- 241000397426 Centroberyx lineatus Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011049 pearl Substances 0.000 description 3
- 206010052306 Periprosthetic osteolysis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000004127 Cytokines Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000695 Cytokines Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000003076 Osteolysis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037099 Prosthesis Failure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004394 hip joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004969 inflammatory cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000029791 lytic metastatic bone lesion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002540 macrophage Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000915 pathological change Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000036285 pathological change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011541 total hip replacement Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Prostheses (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a combined acetabulum screw and an acetabulum prosthesis, which belongs to the technical field of orthopedic implants, wherein the combined acetabulum screw comprises a screw cap and a threaded rod which are arranged in a split way, the screw cap can be connected to an acetabulum cup and can partially extend out of the acetabulum cup, and the threaded rod is connected with the part of the screw cap extending out of the acetabulum cup; the combined acetabulum screw is provided with a locking structure for locking the screw cap and the threaded rod, so that the screw cap and the threaded rod can be integrally and firmly connected. The utility model discloses to follow closely cap and threaded rod separately processing, can save process time and cutter, raw materials, reduce the stock volume of following closely the cap, the threaded rod of suitable length is selected according to the demand before the art, and the equipment is convenient.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an orthopedic implant technical field especially indicates a combination acetabular bone screw and acetabular bone false body.
Background
Artificial joint replacement is an effective method for treating pathological changes of all major joints of the whole body. There are currently more than 100 million total hip replacements worldwide per year, but prosthesis loosening occurs in approximately 20% of patients, mainly due to periprosthetic osteolysis. Currently, the accepted mechanism leading to periprosthetic osteolysis is: the joint prosthesis components made of different materials have long-term friction in joint movement, so a large number of wear particles are generated, the particles can migrate between the interfaces of bones and the prosthesis, and inflammatory cells such as macrophages in local environment are induced to secrete various cytokines to cause the periprosthetic bone to be dissolved. When the artificial hip joint replacement is clinically carried out, the acetabulum cup is fixed in an auxiliary way by using the acetabulum screw so as to limit the migration of wear particles around the prosthesis and effectively prevent the prosthesis from loosening caused by osteolysis.
As shown in figure 1, in the prior art, an acetabular cup 2 'is fixed by driving acetabular screws 1' after being implanted into an acetabular position, threaded rods of the acetabular screws 1 'are fixed in acetabular bones, and screw caps are pressed against screw holes on the acetabular cup to keep the acetabular cup 2' stable.
According to different bone substances of the acetabulum position, the acetabulum screw needs to have a large enough adjustable implantation angle in a certain range, and different specification lengths are required. The traditional acetabular screw is of an integral structure, and is processed by adopting a bar material, when the diameter of a threaded rod is the same, the larger diameter of a screw cap can obtain larger mobility (the larger screw cap can be matched with the larger diameter of the bottom of a screw hole, and the mobility of the screw is determined by the size of the bottom diameter of the screw hole), so that raw materials, processing time and tools can be wasted if the mobility is large; the nail cap is matched with the screw hole, the style is uniform, the length of the threaded rod is selected according to the bone, different lengths exist, the nail cap and the threaded rod are integrated, 1:1 is required to be matched and processed, and the stock quantity of the nail cap is increased.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The to-be-solved technical problem of the utility model is to provide a can save process time and cutter, raw materials, reduce combination acetabular bone screw and acetabular bone false body of the nut of nails stock volume.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides a technical scheme as follows:
in one aspect, a combined acetabular screw is provided, which comprises a split nail cap and a threaded rod, wherein the nail cap is connectable to an acetabular cup and can partially extend out of the acetabular cup, and the threaded rod is connected with the part of the nail cap extending out of the acetabular cup; and the combined acetabulum screw is provided with a locking structure for connecting the screw cap and the threaded rod.
Furthermore, on the relative terminal surface of nail cap with the threaded rod, be equipped with the swallow-tail shape boss on one of them, be equipped with on the other and be used for holding the swallow-tail shape recess of swallow-tail shape boss.
Furthermore, be equipped with first through-hole on the nail cap, on the terminal surface of threaded rod with the position that first through-hole corresponds is equipped with first pinhole, wear to be equipped with the fixed pin in first through-hole and the first pinhole, the fixed pin forms locking structure.
Furthermore, an instrument operation hole is formed in the end face, far away from the threaded rod, of the nail cap and communicated with the first through hole.
Further, the nut is close to be equipped with on the terminal surface of threaded rod the dovetail boss, be equipped with on the terminal surface of threaded rod the dovetail recess, be equipped with on the terminal surface of threaded rod and pass the second through-hole of at least one lateral wall of dovetail recess, on the dovetail boss of nut with the position that the second through-hole corresponds is equipped with the second pinhole, wear to be equipped with the fixed pin in second through-hole and the second pinhole, the fixed pin forms locking structure.
Furthermore, on the contact surface of the dovetail-shaped boss matched with the dovetail-shaped groove, one of the dovetail-shaped boss and the dovetail-shaped groove is provided with a spring clamping bead, the other dovetail-shaped boss and the dovetail-shaped groove are provided with a ball socket matched with the spring clamping bead, and the spring clamping bead and the ball socket form the locking structure.
On the other hand, the acetabulum prosthesis comprises an acetabulum cup, wherein screw holes are formed in the acetabulum cup, and the combined acetabulum screws are arranged in the screw holes.
Further, the nut of the combined acetabular screw comprises an expanded cap part and a rod part positioned below the cap part, wherein the outer diameter of the cap part is larger than that of the rod part;
the screw hole includes a first hole portion for receiving the cap portion and a second hole portion located below the first hole portion for receiving the rod portion, the rod portion being capable of protruding from within the second hole portion.
Further, the lower surface of the cap part is a spherical surface, and the inner surface of the first hole part is a spherical surface;
and/or the inner diameter of the second hole part is larger than the outer diameter of the rod part.
Furthermore, the outer surface of the rod part is provided with an elastic blocking piece, and the elastic blocking piece can be elastically deformed in the second hole part in the radial direction so as to enable the elastic blocking piece to expand after passing through the second hole part to prevent the nail cap from withdrawing.
The utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:
the combined acetabulum screw and the acetabulum prosthesis of the utility model comprise a screw cap and a threaded rod, wherein the screw cap can be connected to the acetabulum cup and can partially extend out of the acetabulum cup, and the threaded rod is connected with the part of the screw cap extending out of the acetabulum cup; the combined acetabulum screw is provided with a locking structure for locking the screw cap and the threaded rod, so that the screw cap and the threaded rod can be integrally and firmly connected. The utility model discloses to nail the cap and separately process with the threaded rod, can save process time and cutter, raw materials, reduce the stock volume of nailing the cap, select the threaded rod of suitable length according to the demand before the art, the equipment is convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a prior art acetabular cup and acetabular screw combination;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the split structure of the combined acetabular screw of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the nut of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the combination acetabular screw of FIG. 2 in use;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the size and the movement angle of the screw in the acetabular prosthesis according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of an improved screw cap in the acetabular prosthesis according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
To make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following description is made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
In one aspect, the present invention provides a combined acetabular screw 1, as shown in fig. 2-4, comprising a nut 11 and a threaded rod 12, which are arranged separately, wherein:
the nail cap 11 can be connected to the acetabular cup 2 and can partially extend out of the acetabular cup 2, and the threaded rod 12 is connected with the part of the nail cap 11 extending out of the acetabular cup 2 in various detachable connection modes, such as plugging, clamping, threaded connection and the like, which occur to those skilled in the art;
the combined acetabulum screw 1 is provided with a locking structure for connecting the screw cap 11 and the threaded rod 12, and the locking structure can adopt various modes, such as screw side surface compression locking, pin shaft locking and the like, which occur to those skilled in the art.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, one of the opposing end surfaces of the nut 11 and the threaded rod 12 is provided with a dovetail-shaped boss 13, and the other is provided with a dovetail-shaped groove 14 for accommodating the dovetail-shaped boss 13, in the embodiment shown in the figure, the end surface of the nut 11 close to the threaded rod 12 is provided with the dovetail-shaped boss 13, and the end surface of the threaded rod 12 is provided with the dovetail-shaped groove 14; at this time, the locking structure may be a locking structure for preventing the nut 11 and the threaded rod 12 from moving relatively in the radial direction. So set up, the fixed connection of axial on the combination acetabular bone screw can be realized to the swallow-tail structure cap 11 and threaded rod 12, and the fixed connection of radial on the cap 11 and the threaded rod 12 can be realized to the locking structure that sets up on the combination acetabular bone screw to can realize the whole firm connection of cap 11 and threaded rod 12.
The acetabulum screws are designed to have different lengths according to various factors such as the acetabulum depth and bone condition of different patients, and if enough samples are prepared for each specification of screws, the stock quantity of the acetabulum screws can be greatly increased. The utility model relates to a section can be at the combination formula acetabular bone screw of preoperative composite set, its nail cap 11 is the general part, links together nail cap 11 and threaded rod 12 preoperatively (for example can compress tightly dovetail boss 13 on their relative terminal surface in dovetail recess 14), recycles locking structure locking nail cap 11 and threaded rod 12, and nail cap 11 and threaded rod 12 assemble together promptly, use according to conventional mode can.
The combined acetabulum screw comprises a screw cap and a threaded rod, wherein the screw cap can be connected to the acetabulum cup and can partially extend out of the acetabulum cup, and the threaded rod is connected with the part of the screw cap extending out of the acetabulum cup; the combined acetabulum screw is provided with a locking structure for locking the screw cap and the threaded rod, so that the screw cap and the threaded rod can be integrally and firmly connected. The utility model discloses to nail the cap and separately process with the threaded rod, can save process time and cutter, raw materials, reduce the stock volume of nailing the cap, select the threaded rod of suitable length according to the demand before the art, the equipment is convenient.
The utility model has the advantages that:
1) The screw cap and the threaded rod are separately processed, so that the interface of the screw cap is not influenced by the threaded rod when being processed, and the processing difficulty is reduced;
2) The screw cap and the threaded rod are separately processed, in order to obtain larger mobility of the screw, a thick bar can be selected for the large-diameter screw cap, and a thin bar can be selected for the small-diameter threaded rod, so that the processing time, a cutter and raw materials are saved;
3) The nail cap and the threaded rod are independent packaging parts and can be used by being assembled together through a locking structure (such as a fixing pin) before operation, so that the stock quantity of the nail cap is reduced;
4) The utility model discloses be not limited to the acetabular position and use, be applicable to most wound bone screw and other screws.
In the case of the embodiment shown in fig. 2 in which the nut 11 and the threaded rod 12 adopt a dovetail-shaped connection, the following embodiments are possible, depending on the particular form of the locking structure:
example 1
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, a first through hole 111 is formed on the nut 11, a first pin hole 121 is formed on the end surface of the threaded rod 12 at a position corresponding to the first through hole 111, a fixing pin 15 penetrates through the first through hole 111 and the first pin hole 121, and the fixing pin 15 forms the locking structure. Before the operation, the nail cap 11 and the threaded rod 12 are connected in a clamping mode through the dovetail-shaped boss 13 and the dovetail-shaped groove 14, and then the fixing pin 15 penetrates through inner holes of the nail cap 11 and the threaded rod 12 and is riveted tightly, so that the novel multifunctional nail can be used.
Further, an instrument operation hole 112 (specifically, an inner hexagonal hole) may be formed in an end surface of the nut 11 away from the threaded rod 12, and the instrument operation hole 112 communicates with the first through hole 111.
Example 2 (not shown)
The locking structure is an axial fixing pin in embodiment 1, and the locking structure is a radial fixing pin in embodiment 2, specifically as follows:
a second through hole penetrating through at least one side wall of the dovetail-shaped groove 14 is formed in the end face of the threaded rod 11, a second pin hole is formed in the dovetail-shaped boss 13 of the nail cap 11 corresponding to the second through hole, fixing pins penetrate through the second through hole and the second pin hole, and the fixing pins form a locking structure.
Example 3 (not shown)
On the contact surface of dovetail boss 13 and dovetail recess 14 matched with, there are spring card pearls on one of them, there are ball sockets matched with spring card pearls on another, spring card pearl and ball socket form the locking structure.
On the other hand, the utility model provides an acetabular prosthesis, as shown in fig. 4-5, which comprises an acetabular cup 2, wherein the acetabular cup 2 is provided with screw holes 21, and the screw holes 21 are internally provided with the combined acetabular screws 1. Since the structure of the combined acetabular screw 1 is the same as that of the combined acetabular screw 1, the description is omitted here.
The acetabulum prosthesis comprises a combined acetabulum screw, wherein the combined acetabulum screw comprises a screw cap and a threaded rod, the screw cap can be connected to an acetabulum cup and can partially extend out of the acetabulum cup, and the threaded rod is connected with the part of the screw cap extending out of the acetabulum cup; the combined acetabulum screw is provided with a locking structure for locking the screw cap and the threaded rod, so that the screw cap and the threaded rod can be integrally and firmly connected. The utility model discloses to nail the cap and separately process with the threaded rod, can save process time and cutter, raw materials, reduce the stock volume of nailing the cap, select the threaded rod of suitable length according to the demand before the art, the equipment is convenient.
As shown in fig. 3-4, the nut 11 of the acetabular screw 1 may include an enlarged cap portion 11a and a stem portion 11b located below the cap portion 11a, the cap portion 11a having an outer diameter greater than the stem portion 11 b;
the screw hole 21 may include a first hole portion 21a for receiving the cap portion 11a and a second hole portion 21b located below the first hole portion 21a and for receiving the rod portion 11b, the rod portion 11b being capable of protruding from within the second hole portion 21 b.
In order to realize the universal adjustment of the acetabular screw, the lower surface of the cap part 11a can be spherical, and the inner surface of the first hole part 21a can also be spherical; the inner diameter of the second hole portion 21b is larger than the outer diameter of the rod portion 11 b.
Thus, the acetabulum screw can realize a small range of universal angles in the screw hole of the acetabulum cup, as shown in fig. 5, the diameter D of the screw cap, the diameter D of the screw hole and the single-side movable angle alpha of the screw. Under the condition that the diameter of the threaded rod is fixed, D is larger than D, and the larger the diameter of D is, the larger the unilateral movable angle alpha of the screw is. Therefore, the screw cap diameter D is increased, and the screw one-side movable angle alpha can be increased. The screw cap and the threaded rod are detached, so that raw materials are saved during screw machining.
As shown in fig. 6, in a modified embodiment of the nut 11, the outer surface of the stem portion 11b may be provided with elastic baffles 113 (preferably, at least two elastic baffles are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the stem portion 11 b), the elastic baffles 113 may be radially and elastically deformed in the second hole portion 21b to expand the elastic baffles 113 after passing through the second hole portion 21b to prevent the nut 11 from being withdrawn, and specifically, the upper surface of the stepped portion 114 on the elastic baffles 113 abuts against the outer surface side wall of the second hole portion 21b to prevent the nut 11 or the entire combined acetabular screw 1 from being withdrawn from the screw hole 21 of the acetabular cup 2, thereby improving the safety of the acetabular prosthesis.
The foregoing is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, a plurality of improvements and embellishments can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and embellishments should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The combined acetabulum screw is characterized by comprising a nail cap and a threaded rod which are arranged in a split mode, wherein the nail cap can be connected to an acetabulum cup and can partially extend out of the acetabulum cup, and the threaded rod is connected with the part, extending out of the acetabulum cup, of the nail cap; and the combined acetabulum screw is provided with a locking structure for connecting the screw cap and the threaded rod.
2. The modular acetabular screw of claim 1 wherein opposing end surfaces of the nut and the threaded shaft are provided with a dovetail-shaped projection on one and a dovetail-shaped recess on the other for receiving the dovetail-shaped projection.
3. The combined acetabular screw according to claim 1, wherein the screw cap is provided with a first through hole, the end surface of the threaded rod is provided with a first pin hole at a position corresponding to the first through hole, and the first through hole and the first pin hole are provided with fixing pins, and the fixing pins form the locking structure.
4. The combination acetabular screw according to claim 3, wherein an instrument operation hole is formed in an end face of the nut away from the threaded rod, and the instrument operation hole is communicated with the first through hole.
5. The combination acetabular screw according to claim 2, wherein the dovetail-shaped boss is provided on the end surface of the nut near the threaded rod, the dovetail-shaped groove is provided on the end surface of the threaded rod, a second through hole penetrating through at least one side wall of the dovetail-shaped groove is provided on the end surface of the threaded rod, a second pin hole is provided on the dovetail-shaped boss of the nut corresponding to the second through hole, and fixing pins are inserted into the second through hole and the second pin hole, and the fixing pins form the locking structure.
6. The combination acetabular screw of claim 2, wherein the mating contact surfaces of the dovetail boss and dovetail groove include a spring retaining bead on one of the mating contact surfaces and a ball socket on the other mating contact surface, the spring retaining bead and ball socket forming the locking feature.
7. An acetabular prosthesis comprising an acetabular cup, the acetabular cup being provided with screw holes, wherein the screw holes are provided with combination acetabular screws according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The acetabular prosthesis of claim 7, wherein the nut of the combination acetabular screw includes an enlarged cap portion and a stem portion located below the cap portion, the cap portion having an outer diameter greater than an outer diameter of the stem portion;
the screw hole includes a first hole portion for receiving the cap portion and a second hole portion located below the first hole portion for receiving the rod portion, the rod portion being capable of protruding from within the second hole portion.
9. The acetabular prosthesis of claim 8, wherein a lower surface of the cap portion is spherical and an inner surface of the first hole portion is spherical;
and/or the inner diameter of the second hole part is larger than the outer diameter of the rod part.
10. The acetabular prosthesis of claim 8, wherein an outer surface of the stem portion is provided with a resilient flap that is radially elastically deformable within the second bore portion to expand the resilient flap after passing over the second bore portion to prevent withdrawal of the nut.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202221712199.7U CN218870592U (en) | 2022-07-05 | 2022-07-05 | Combined acetabulum screw and acetabulum prosthesis |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202221712199.7U CN218870592U (en) | 2022-07-05 | 2022-07-05 | Combined acetabulum screw and acetabulum prosthesis |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN218870592U true CN218870592U (en) | 2023-04-18 |
Family
ID=85952398
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202221712199.7U Active CN218870592U (en) | 2022-07-05 | 2022-07-05 | Combined acetabulum screw and acetabulum prosthesis |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN218870592U (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118121371A (en) * | 2024-05-08 | 2024-06-04 | 吉林大学 | Self-adaptive pile group pile cap acetabular prosthesis |
-
2022
- 2022-07-05 CN CN202221712199.7U patent/CN218870592U/en active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118121371A (en) * | 2024-05-08 | 2024-06-04 | 吉林大学 | Self-adaptive pile group pile cap acetabular prosthesis |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4659331A (en) | Prosthesis interface surface and method of implanting | |
| US5007935A (en) | Joint member for a hip prosthesis | |
| EP2201913B1 (en) | Shoulder prosthesis with vault-filling structure | |
| US4778473A (en) | Prosthesis interface surface and method of implanting | |
| EP0418301B1 (en) | Hip joint prosthesis | |
| JP4560262B2 (en) | Screw-fixed artificial joint | |
| EP0158534B1 (en) | Hip implant | |
| EP1762191B1 (en) | Modular humeral head resurfacing system | |
| EP2214595B1 (en) | Implant assembly | |
| US7371261B2 (en) | Acetabular component of total hip replacement assembly | |
| US20080262626A1 (en) | Femoral sleeve for hip resurfacing | |
| US5201767A (en) | Fluted-wedge osteal prosthetic component | |
| US20010007957A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for segmental bone replacement | |
| EP3053547B1 (en) | Improved hip prosthesis | |
| CN218870592U (en) | Combined acetabulum screw and acetabulum prosthesis | |
| US20130245780A1 (en) | Acetabular Cartilage Implant | |
| WO1991007932A1 (en) | Artificial hip-joint | |
| WO2009071937A1 (en) | An instrument | |
| EP2939638B1 (en) | A set for connecting a prosthetic assembly of an artificial joint to a bone | |
| US6712857B1 (en) | Acetabular component of total hip replacement assembly | |
| CN112190370A (en) | Locking femoral stem prosthesis of type that moves | |
| EP2268232B1 (en) | A cup component of an orthopaedic joint prosthesis | |
| US20240008995A1 (en) | Glenoid implants | |
| CN214104759U (en) | Locking femoral stem prosthesis of type that moves | |
| KR200362463Y1 (en) | Fixture |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |