CN218733881U

CN218733881U - Be applied to current protection circuit that turns back of ultralow power consumption LDO

Info

Publication number: CN218733881U
Application number: CN202221574786.4U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李宗徽; 冯捷
Original assignee: Shanghai Xianji Integrated Circuit Co ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Xianji Integrated Circuit Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-06-22
Filing date: 2022-06-22
Publication date: 2023-03-24
Anticipated expiration: 2032-06-22

Abstract

The invention discloses a foldback current protection circuit applied to an ultra-low power LDO (low dropout regulator), which can protect the LDO in transient high load current or short circuit. The current limiting is a constant current limiting + current foldback scheme. At the retrace voltage (V) _FOLDBACK ) Next, the current limitation is shifted from the constant current limiting scheme to the current foldback scheme. When the output voltage is higher than the retrace voltage (V) _FOLDBACK ) And when the load current is overloaded, the constant current limiting scheme (brick wall scheme) limits the output current to the maximum output current (I) _CL ). When the voltage drops toRetrace voltage (V) _FOLDBACK ) In the following, the current foldback limitation is activated, gradually reducing the current as the output voltage decreases. When the output is short-circuited, the device supplies a short-circuit current (I) of fixed current value _SC ). Compared with the traditional overcurrent limiting structure, the invention can reduce power consumption, protect the power tube from being burnt, and has the characteristics of low power consumption, high precision and universality.

Description

Be applied to current protection circuit that turns back of ultralow power consumption LDO

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of power electronics, relates to a foldback current protection circuit applied to an ultra-low power LDO (low dropout regulator), and can support working under an ultra-low power application scene.

Background

With the continuous development of consumer electronics, the characteristic requirement for low power consumption of the circuit is more and more intense, and a higher requirement is also put on the self-power consumption of the power supply, so as to further prolong the service life of the battery.

The LDO, one of the power types commonly used in the market at present, has a simpler circuit structure, better transient response, lower noise and lower cost compared with a switching power supply. In order to ensure an ultra-low power consumption application environment and keep low IQ consumption even in a droop mode, the LDO needs an over-current protection circuit to limit the working current under the condition of an over-load in order to prevent the LDO from being damaged by overload and output short circuit. But in low power applications.

The current LDO has an over-current protection mode mainly including two mechanisms, namely, a constant current protection and a current foldback protection. The constant current protection structure is simpler than a fold-back structure, but consumes a large amount of power, and a large current under long-time work can burn the power tube. The traditional folding type over-current protection structure reduces output current when output is reduced, so that the risk possibly caused is avoided, but the LDO latching phenomenon is possibly caused, and the load cannot be started. In comparison, the scheme of combining the constant current protection and the foldback current protection keeps after the output current is clamped to the maximum value, and the output current is folded back after the output voltage is smaller than the foldback point, so that the LDO latch-up phenomenon possibly caused by the traditional foldback structure is avoided. The structure can adjust the corresponding output maximum current I according to specific performance indexes and load requirements _CL And a return voltage V _FOLDBACK And the LDO under different load conditions cannot be adapted. And an enabling circuit is added to control the opening of the current limiting circuit so as to save the static power consumption of the LDO.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems that the conventional constant over-current protection scheme of the LDO possibly causes overlarge power, single latch of retracing current protection and overlarge power consumption of a conventional current protection circuit, the invention provides the retracing current protection circuit applied to the LDO with ultralow power consumption, which can be applied to the over-current protection scene of the LDO with ultralow power consumption and realize the purpose of over-current protection of the LDO under different load conditions.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the foldback current protection circuit applied to the LDO with ultra-low power consumption is characterized in that when the output current of the LDO is larger than or equal to a set reference current, the current comparison circuit clamps the grid electrode of a power tube in the LDO to be a fixed voltage; at the moment, the output current is constant and is the maximum output current I _CL Namely, the constant current limitation is completed;

the set reference current is generated by an external bias current IBIAS, and the current comparison circuit finishes the comparison of the current and controls the grid electrode of a power tube in the LDO;

an output voltage sampling circuit in a foldback current protection circuit of the LDO samples output voltage, when the output voltage of the LDO is lower than the foldback voltage, the output current of the LDO is reduced along with the reduction of the output voltage of the low dropout linear voltage transformer until the reduction of the LDO is close to 0, which is equivalent to a short-circuit state, and the output current at the moment is called as short-circuit current I _SC When the output current of the output voltage sampling circuit is reduced in proportion to the output voltage of the LDO;

the output voltage sampling circuit is mainly used for sampling the output voltage of the LDO and the retracing voltage V _FOLDBACK Generated by a voltage to current circuit.

The main components of the foldback current protection circuit applied to the LDO with ultra-low power consumption comprise: the circuit comprises an enabling circuit, a current sampling circuit, a voltage-to-current circuit, an output voltage sampling circuit and a current comparison circuit.

The enabling circuit has the functions that when the LDO works normally, the output current of the LDO is detected, and when the output current exceeds a set current threshold value due to load change or misconnection, an enabling signal is output to start the current sampling and current comparing circuit; when the enabling circuit outputs normal current, the enabling circuit closes the current sampling and current comparison circuit so as to reduce the static power consumption of the LDO and meet the requirement of low power consumption.

The enabling circuit is composed of a sampling tube 1 (MS 1) which is in proportion to a power tube in the LDO, a current mirror, a Schmitt trigger and a phase inverter, wherein the sampling tube 1 is used for comparing sampling output current with current in the current mirror to trigger the turnover of the Schmitt trigger, and after the driving capability is improved through the shaping of the phase inverter, each switch is controlled to complete the work of the enabling circuit.

The drain electrode of the sampling tube 1 is connected with the drain electrode of the current mirror and the input of the Schmitt trigger, the output of the Schmitt trigger is connected with the output of the phase inverter, and then the phase inverter outputs an enable signal. Wherein the bias voltage of the current mirror is generated by a voltage-to-current circuit.

The voltage-to-current circuit mainly has the functions of generating bias current and folding voltage and mainly comprises an operational amplifier, two adjustable resistors, an NMOS (N-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube and a current mirror, wherein the positive end of the operational amplifier is connected with the folding voltage I, the negative end of the operational amplifier is connected with the resistor, the two resistors are connected in series for voltage division to generate the folding voltage, the bias voltage is generated by a PMOS (P-channel metal oxide semiconductor) in a diode form, and the precision of the folding voltage can be improved by controlling the adjustable resistors.

The positive end of the operational amplifier is connected with a reference voltage VREF1, the negative end of the operational amplifier is connected with the source end of the MN18 tube, the gate-drain short circuit of the MP10 is connected with the drain end of the MN18 tube, the R1 is connected with the source end of the MN18 tube, and the R1 and the R2 are connected in series to divide voltage to generate a folding voltage VFOLDBACK of the output voltage sampling circuit.

The output voltage sampling circuit is mainly used for sampling the output voltage of the LDO and comprises a comparator, a resistor and an RC low-pass filter consisting of a capacitor; the output voltage passes through the low-pass filter and then is connected with one end of a comparator, the other end of the comparator is connected with the retracing voltage, and the output of the comparator is an offset voltage.

The output voltage of the output voltage sampling circuit is connected with one end of a voltage comparator through a low-pass filter formed by R3 and C1, and the other end of the voltage comparator is connected with VFOLDBACK. The output of the voltage comparator is VBP, and the output current of a current mirror in the current sampling module circuit is adjusted.

The current comparison circuit is mainly used for comparing the output current of the output current sampling circuit with the sum of the reference current and the output current of the output voltage sampling circuit and controlling the grid of a power tube in the LDO according to the comparison result; the output current I1 of the MN8-MN12 current mirror serving as a reference current is respectively connected with the drain terminals of the MP4 and the MP5, and the current comparison circuit is mainly used for finishing the function of constant current limitation; the M13-14 current mirror copies the output voltage VBN of the output voltage sampling circuit, the output current of the output voltage VBN rises along with the falling of the output voltage, and after ISENSE and IREF are compared, the grid of a power tube in the LDO is gradually turned off through MN 19.

Specifically, the enabling circuit comprises an enabling circuit, wherein the power tube MP is connected to a gate of the sampling tube MS1, a drain of the sampling tube MS1 is connected to a drain of the current mirror and an input of the schmitt trigger, an output of the schmitt trigger is connected to an output of the inverter, and then the inverter outputs an enabling signal. The current mirror is composed of MN1 and MN2, the gates of MN1 and MN2 are connected, and the bias voltage VBN1 is given by the voltage-to-current circuit. The source end of the MN2 is connected with the drain end of the switch tube MN7, and the current mirror is turned off to reduce power consumption when an enabling signal is given.

Specifically, in the voltage-to-current circuit, the positive terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to a reference voltage VREF1, the negative terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the source terminal of the MN18 transistor, the gate-drain of the MP10 is connected to the drain terminal of the MN18 transistor after short-circuited, the R1 is connected to the source terminal of the MN18 transistor, and the R1 and the R2 are connected in series to divide voltage to generate a folding voltage VFOLDBACK of the output voltage sampling circuit.

Specifically, in the output voltage sampling circuit, the output voltage is connected to one end of a voltage comparator through a low-pass filter formed by R3 and C1, and the other end of the voltage comparator is connected to VFOLDBACK. The output of the voltage comparator is VBP, and the output current of a current mirror in the current sampling module circuit is adjusted.

Specifically, the output current I1 of the current mirror MN8-MN12 of the current comparison circuit is used as a reference current and is respectively connected to the drain terminals of MP4 and MP5, and is mainly used for completing the function of constant current limitation; the M13-14 current mirror copies the output voltage VBN of the output voltage sampling circuit, the output current of the output voltage VBN rises along with the falling of the output voltage, and after ISENSE and IREF are compared, the grid of the power tube is gradually turned off through MN 19.

Specifically, the current sampling circuit mainly has a function of sampling the output current of the LDO to obtain a current signal proportional to the output current of the LDO as the output current of the output current sampling circuit. The grid of the power tube is connected with the grid of the sampling tube 2, and the resistor RB is connected with the source electrode of the sampling tube.

The working principle of the invention is as follows:

the enabling circuit is used for detecting the load current I _OUT The enabling circuit is mainly characterized in that a sampling tube in proportion to a power tube copies the output current in proportion, the sampling tube samples the output current to be compared with the current in a current mirror, the Schmitt trigger is triggered to turn over, the driving capability is improved through the shaping of a phase inverter, then an EN1 signal is output, and the enabling signal can start the current sampling circuit and the current comparison circuit.

In the enabling circuit, MP3 is current copied from an external current mirror, MN5 branch current is copied by MN1, MN2, MN3 and MN4, wherein the sum of the two paths of current of MN1 and MN2 is compared with the current of a sampling tube, when the current of the sampling tube is smaller than the sum of the two paths of current of MN1 and MN2, EN outputs high level, EN1 outputs low level, and the current sampling circuit and the current comparison circuit are closed. When the current of the sampling tube is larger than the sum of the two paths of currents M1 and M2, EN outputs low level, EN1 outputs high level, and MN2 branch is closed, so that the power consumption is saved, and the current sampling circuit and the current comparison circuit are opened, so that the maximum output current is limited, and the circuit can work safely. When the load current does not reach the threshold current, the current sampling circuit and the current comparison circuit are closed, so that the power consumption during normal operation is saved.

In order to save power consumption, the fold-back current protection circuit does not operate in the case where the load current detection circuit is not enabled. The fold-back current protection circuit starts operating when the load current detection circuit is enabled. When ISENSE exceeds the branch current of I1, the constant current limiting mode firstly works, and I is converted into the constant current limiting mode through MN15 _OUT Limited to a constant current I _CL In which I _CL ＝ m×k×I _bias ，I _bias = I1= I2, m is the ratio of the width-length ratio of the power tube to the length-length ratio of the sampling tube, and k is R _A And R _B The ratio of (a) to (b). The LDO power consumed at this time is [ (V) _IN -V _FOLDBACK )×I _CL ]

With load current I _OUT Increasing the load will output a voltage V _OUT Pulled down, when the load outputs a voltage V _OUT Is pulled down to V _FOLDBACK When MP7 is started, the bias voltage VBN starts to increase, the output currents I3 and I4 of MN13-14 gradually increase, and when ISENSE is smaller than the sum of the currents I1 and I3, MN15 starts to pull up the potential of the power tube grid VGATE, the output current starts to decrease until the voltage is lower than the voltage of the power tube grid VGATE

Approximate output short circuit with short circuit current of I _SC I.e. complete V _OUT Decrease of I _OUT The process of reducing the voltage accordingly ensures that the dissipation power is not continuously increased any more so as to avoid excessive heating of the LDO and damage of the device. The final LDO has a power consumption of [ (V) _IN -V _OUT )×I _SC ]。

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the foldback current protection circuit applied to the LDO with ultra-low power consumption can reduce the current consumption of the LDO, solves the latch-up phenomenon of the traditional constant overcurrent protection scheme, and also avoids the problem that a power tube of the LDO is burnt due to overlarge heat; in addition, the overcurrent limit and the voltage of the turning point can be adjusted by adjusting the external resistor, and compared with the traditional turning type overcurrent protection scheme, the method is more suitable for different overcurrent protection requirements and load requirements; in addition, simulation tests show that the overcurrent parameter value determined by the overcurrent limiting structure provided by the invention has higher precision, and the overcurrent limiting structure is suitable for being applied to occasions with loads sensitive to output current.

Description of the drawings:

the following description of various embodiments of the invention may be better understood with reference to the following drawings, which schematically illustrate major features of some embodiments of the invention. These figures and examples provide some embodiments of the invention in a non-limiting, non-exhaustive manner. For purposes of clarity, the same reference numbers will be used in different drawings to identify the same or similar elements or structures having the same function.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the foldback current protection circuit applied to an LDO with ultra-low power consumption according to the present invention

Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of an implementation of an enable circuit in an embodiment of the foldback current protection circuit applied to an ultra-low power LDO according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of other circuits of the retrace current protection circuit applied to the LDO with ultra-low power consumption in the embodiment of the present invention

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the output current foldback of the foldback current protection circuit applied to the LDO with ultra-low power consumption provided by the present invention, V _OUT(NOM) Is the output voltage of LDO in normal operation, I _CL Is the maximum output current of LDO, V _FOLDBACK Is the foldback voltage of the LDO, I _SC Is a short circuit of the LDO.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

compared with the traditional constant current color value and foldback over-current protection scheme, the foldback current protection circuit has the advantages of low power consumption and adjustable foldback point. As shown in fig. 1, the main components of the overcurrent protection circuit provided by the present invention are: the circuit comprises an enabling circuit, a current sampling circuit, a voltage-to-current circuit, an output voltage sampling circuit and a current comparison circuit.

The enabling circuit comprises an enabling circuit, wherein a power tube MP is connected with a grid electrode of a sampling tube MS1, a drain electrode of the sampling tube MS1 is connected with a drain electrode of a current mirror and an input of a Schmitt trigger, an output of the Schmitt trigger is connected with an output of a phase inverter, the Schmitt trigger outputs an enabling signal EN, and the phase inverter outputs an enabling signal EN1. The current mirror is composed of MN1 and MN2, the gates of MN1 and MN2 are connected, and the bias voltage VBN1 is given by the voltage-to-current circuit. The source end of the MN2 is connected with the drain end of the switch tube MN7, and when the enable signal EN1 is given, the enable signal EN can turn off the current mirror to reduce power consumption. When EN1 is low, the current mirror formed by MN10-MN12 can not output current due to the closing of the MN8-MN9 switching tube, and the gates of MP4 and MP5 can not normally work even if being pulled high due to the opening of MP6, otherwise, when EN1 is high, the current mirror formed by MN10-MN12 and the current mirrors formed by MP4 and MP5 all start to work.

The positive end of the error amplifier is connected with a reference voltage VREF1, the negative end of the error amplifier is connected with the source end of a MN18 tube, the gate-drain short circuit of the MP10 is connected with the drain end of the MN18, the R1 is connected with the source end of the MN18 tube, and the R1 and the R2 are connected in series to divide voltage to generate a folding back voltage VFOLDBACK of the output voltage sampling circuit. The drain and gate of MP10 are shorted and connected to the drain of MN18 to generate the bias voltage VBP.

And the output voltage sampling circuit is connected with one end of a voltage comparator by the output voltage VOUT through a low-pass filter formed by R3 and C1, and the other end of the voltage comparator is connected with VFOLDBACK. The output of the voltage comparator is VBP, and the output current of a current mirror in the current sampling module circuit is adjusted.

In the current comparison circuit, the output current I1 of the MN8-MN12 current mirror is used as a reference current and is respectively connected with the drain ends of the MP4 and the MP5, the drain end of the MP5 is connected with the grid electrode of the MN19, the source end of the MN19 is connected with the grid electrode of the power tube, and when ISENSE exceeds I1, the function of constant current limitation is mainly achieved; the M13-14 current mirror copies the output voltage VBN of the output voltage sampling circuit, the output current of the output voltage VBN rises along with the falling of the output voltage, and after ISENSE and IREF are compared, the grid of the power tube is gradually turned off through MN 19.

In order to save power consumption, the fold-back current protection circuit does not operate in a case where the load current detection circuit is not enabled. The fold-back current protection circuit starts operating when the load current detection circuit is enabled. When ISENSE exceeds the branch current of I1, the constant current limiting mode firstly works, and I is converted into the constant current limiting mode through MN15 _OUT Limited to a constant current I _CL In which I _CL ＝ m×k×I _bias ，I _bias = I1= I2, m is the ratio of the width-length ratio of the power tube to the length-length ratio of the sampling tube, and k is R _A And R _B The ratio of (a) to (b). The LDO power consumed at this time is [ (V) _IN -V _FOLDBACK )×I _CL ]

In summary, the invention is based on the application of the principle of sampling and folding the output voltage to the output current, and the main components of the invention are an enabling circuit, a current sampling circuit, a voltage-to-current circuit, an output voltage sampling circuit and a current comparison circuit, thereby realizing the function of folding the output current, reducing the current consumption of the LDO, avoiding the power tube of the LDO from being burnt due to overlarge heat, and the invention can accurately determine the overcurrent limit and the folding point voltage by adjusting the resistance value of an external resistor under different overcurrent requirements, and is suitable for various load scenes; in addition, multiple simulation tests prove that the overcurrent protection current provided by the invention has higher overcurrent precision and is suitable for being applied to occasions with loads sensitive to output current.

Claims

1. The foldback current protection circuit applied to the LDO with ultra-low power consumption is characterized in that when the output current of the LDO is larger than or equal to a set reference current, the current comparison circuit clamps the grid electrode of a power tube in the LDO to be a fixed voltage; the output current is constant, and the output current is defined as the maximum output current I _CL Namely, the constant current limitation is completed;

an output voltage sampling circuit in a foldback current protection circuit of the LDO samples output voltage, when the output voltage of the LDO is lower than the foldback voltage, the output current of the LDO is reduced along with the reduction of the output voltage of the LDO until the output voltage of the LDO is reduced to be close to 0, and at the moment, the output current of the output voltage sampling circuit is reduced in proportion to the output voltage of the LDO;

the output voltage sampling circuit is mainly used for sampling the output voltage of the LDO and the retracing voltage V _FOLDBACK Is generated by a voltage-to-current circuit,

2. The foldback current protection circuit applied to an ultra-low power LDO as claimed in claim 1, wherein said enable circuit is capable of detecting an output current of the LDO during a normal operation of the LDO, and outputting an enable signal to start the current sampling and current comparing circuit when the output current exceeds a predetermined current threshold due to a load variation or a misconnection; when the output current of the enabling circuit is normal, the enabling circuit closes the current sampling and current comparison circuit so as to reduce the static power consumption of the LDO and meet the requirement of low power consumption;

the enabling circuit is composed of a sampling tube 1 (MS 1) which is in proportion to a power tube in the LDO, a current mirror, a Schmitt trigger and a phase inverter, wherein the sampling tube 1 is used for comparing the sampling output current with the current in the current mirror to trigger the turnover of the Schmitt trigger, and after the driving capability is improved through the shaping of the phase inverter, each switch is controlled to complete the work of the enabling circuit;

the drain electrode of the sampling tube 1 is connected with the drain electrode of the current mirror and the input of the Schmitt trigger, the output of the Schmitt trigger is connected with the output of the phase inverter, the phase inverter outputs an enable signal, and the bias voltage of the current mirror is generated by the voltage-to-current circuit.

3. The foldback current protection circuit applied to the LDO with ultra-low power consumption as claimed in any of claims 1-2, wherein the output current sampling circuit is mainly used for sampling the output current of the LDO to obtain a current signal proportional to the output current of the LDO as the output current of the output current sampling circuit; the current sampling circuit mainly comprises a sampling tube 2 (MS 2) which is proportional to a power tube in the LDO and a resistor;

the grid electrode of the power tube in the LDO is connected with the grid electrode of the sampling tube 2, and the resistor RB is connected with the source electrode of the sampling tube 2.

4. The foldback current protection circuit applied to the LDO with ultra-low power consumption as claimed in claim 1, wherein the voltage-to-current circuit mainly functions to generate a bias current and a foldback voltage, and mainly comprises an operational amplifier, two adjustable resistors, an NMOS (N-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube and a current mirror, wherein the operational amplifier is connected with the foldback voltage I at a positive end and is connected with the resistor at a negative end, the two resistors are connected in series to divide the voltage to generate the foldback voltage, the bias voltage is generated by a PMOS (P-channel metal oxide semiconductor) in the form of a diode, and the precision of the foldback voltage can be improved by controlling the adjustable resistors;

5. The foldback current protection circuit applied to an ultra-low power LDO as claimed in claim 1, wherein the output voltage sampling circuit mainly functions to sample the output voltage of the LDO, and comprises a comparator, an RC low pass filter consisting of a resistor and a capacitor; the output voltage is connected with one end of a comparator after passing through a low-pass filter, the other end of the comparator is connected with the retracing voltage, and the output of the comparator is a bias voltage;

the output voltage of the output voltage sampling circuit is connected with one end of a voltage comparator through a low-pass filter formed by R3 and C1, the other end of the voltage comparator is connected with VFOLDBACK, the output of the voltage comparator is VBP, and the output current of a current mirror in the current sampling module circuit is adjusted.

6. The foldback current protection circuit applied to the LDO (ultra low power LDO) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the current comparison circuit is mainly used for comparing the output current of the output current sampling circuit with the sum of a reference current and the output current of the output voltage sampling circuit and controlling the gate of a power tube in the LDO according to the comparison result;

the output current I1 of the MN8-MN12 current mirror serving as a reference current is respectively connected with the drain terminals of the MP4 and the MP5, and the current comparison circuit is mainly used for finishing the function of constant current limitation; the M13-14 current mirror copies the output voltage VBN of the output voltage sampling circuit, the output current of the output voltage VBN rises along with the falling of the output voltage, and after ISENSE and IREF are compared, the grid of a power tube in the LDO is gradually turned off through MN 19.