CN218731088U - Fuel cell system - Google Patents
Fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN218731088U CN218731088U CN202222853206.1U CN202222853206U CN218731088U CN 218731088 U CN218731088 U CN 218731088U CN 202222853206 U CN202222853206 U CN 202222853206U CN 218731088 U CN218731088 U CN 218731088U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
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Abstract
The utility model provides a fuel cell system, which relates to the technical field of fuel cells and comprises a galvanic pile, an air supply device, a hydrogen supply device and an energy recovery device; the air supply device comprises a first-stage air compression mechanism, a first heat exchange mechanism and a second-stage air compression mechanism which are sequentially communicated; the first-stage air pressure mechanism and the second-stage air pressure mechanism can perform multi-stage compression on externally input air to provide air with proper pressure for the galvanic pile; when the first-stage air compressor mechanism cools and compresses air through liquid hydrogen of the hydrogen supply device after compressing the air, liquid hydrogen heating and cooling before compression can be synchronously saved; the gas exhausted from the outlet end of the electric pile provides driving energy for the first-stage air compression mechanism and the second-stage air compression mechanism through the energy recovery device; the technical problems that the fuel cell in the prior art can not realize full power output in the environment with thin plateau air and can not realize high-efficiency utilization of energy are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the fuel cell technique and specifically relates to a fuel cell system is related to.
Background
The current environmental protection pressure is increased and energy is tense, and the development of new energy automobiles is an important solution for solving the problem; the fuel cell automobile has the advantages of zero emission, high energy efficiency, long driving range and short refueling time, and is considered to be one of important development directions of new energy automobiles.
In the prior art, fuel cells generally use compressed hydrogen as fuel; the fuel cell system comprises a galvanic pile, an air supply device, a hydrogen supply device, a thermal management system, a control system and the like; wherein air supply device includes the air compressor machine, and the air compressor machine uses on-vehicle electric energy as the driving source, and the air after the compression needs the intercooler to cool off, and the intercooler also needs to be connected to the cooling system who takes the electric pump to the recirculated cooling medium, be used for the heat dissipation.
However, the fuel cell provided in the prior art needs to ensure that the oxygen amount in the air is sufficient, the air is rarefied in the environment of high altitude in the plateau, the air entering the galvanic pile is only compressed by one stage, and the provided oxygen amount is not enough to meet the requirement of the galvanic pile for outputting rated power; in addition, the hydrogen supply device generally adopts liquid hydrogen for storage, and the liquid hydrogen can enter the electric pile for reaction only after being treated by humidification and heating, so that in the environment of high altitude in plateau, the gasification process of the liquid hydrogen also needs additional heating equipment, which can cause the increase of system load, and the fuel cell system is inconvenient to use in the environment of high altitude in plateau.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at providing a fuel cell system to alleviate the fuel cell who exists among the prior art and can't realize full power output's shortcoming under the thin environment of plateau air, can't realize the technical problem of the high-efficient utilization of the energy.
The utility model provides a pair of fuel cell system, include: the device comprises a galvanic pile, an air supply device, a hydrogen supply device and an energy recovery device;
the air supply device comprises a first-stage air compression mechanism, a first heat exchange mechanism and a second-stage air compression mechanism which are sequentially communicated; the first-stage air compression mechanism is communicated with the external environment and used for compressing and conveying external air to the first heat exchange mechanism, the first heat exchange mechanism is communicated with the hydrogen supply device and used for conveying compressed air to heat hydrogen conveyed by the hydrogen supply device through the first-stage air compression mechanism, the second-stage air compression mechanism and the hydrogen supply device are respectively communicated with the electric pile, the second-stage air compression mechanism is used for secondarily compressing and conveying compressed air cooled by the first heat exchange mechanism into the electric pile, and the hydrogen supply device is used for conveying the heated hydrogen to the electric pile;
the energy recovery device is communicated with the outlet end of the galvanic pile, the energy recovery device is respectively connected with the first-stage air compression mechanism and the second-stage air compression mechanism, and the energy recovery device is used for receiving the energy of the gas discharged by the galvanic pile so as to provide driving energy for the first-stage air compression mechanism and the second-stage air compression mechanism.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the air supply device further includes a second heat exchange mechanism, a third heat exchange mechanism, an air supply pipeline, a first air heat exchange pipeline, and a second air heat exchange pipeline;
the air supply pipeline is connected with the first-stage air compression mechanism and used for conveying external air to the first-stage air compression mechanism;
the second heat exchange mechanism is positioned between the first-stage air compression mechanism and the first heat exchange mechanism, is respectively connected with the first-stage air compression mechanism and the first heat exchange mechanism, is connected with the air supply pipeline through the first air heat exchange pipeline, and is used for receiving air conveyed by the air supply pipeline through the first air heat exchange pipeline so as to exchange heat and cool the compressed air conveyed by the first-stage air compression mechanism;
the third heat exchange mechanism is located between the second-stage air compression mechanism and the electric pile, the third heat exchange mechanism is respectively connected with the second-stage air compression mechanism and the electric pile, the third heat exchange mechanism is connected with the air supply pipeline through the second air heat exchange pipeline, and the third heat exchange mechanism is used for receiving air conveyed by the air supply pipeline through the second air heat exchange pipeline so as to exchange heat and cool compressed air conveyed by the second-stage air compression mechanism.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the air supply device further comprises a fan;
an air inlet is formed in one end of the air supply pipeline, the air supply pipeline is communicated with the external environment through the air inlet, the fan is located at the air inlet, and the fan is used for sucking external air into the air supply pipeline.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first stage air compressing mechanism includes a first stage air compressor, a first stage driving motor, and a first stage turbocharger; the second-stage air compression mechanism comprises a second-stage air compressor, a second-stage driving motor and a second-stage turbocharger;
the first-stage air compressor is communicated with the second-stage air compressor sequentially through the second heat exchange mechanism and the first heat exchange mechanism;
the first-stage turbocharger is in transmission connection with the first-stage air compressor through the first-stage driving motor and is connected with the energy recovery device, and the first-stage turbocharger is used for receiving gas energy transmitted by the energy recovery device so as to drive the first-stage air compressor to move through the first-stage driving motor;
the second-stage turbocharger is in transmission connection with the second-stage air compressor through the second-stage driving motor, is connected with the energy recovery device and is used for receiving the gas energy transmitted by the energy recovery device, so that the second-stage air compressor is driven to move through the second-stage driving motor.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hydrogen supply device includes a hydrogen storage mechanism, a hydrogen pump, a hydrogen delivery pipeline and a hydrogen expander;
the hydrogen storage mechanism is connected with the hydrogen expander through the hydrogen conveying pipeline, and the hydrogen pump is positioned on the hydrogen conveying pipeline;
the hydrogen conveying pipeline is connected with the first heat exchange mechanism, the first heat exchange mechanism is used for conveying compressed air through the first-stage air pressure mechanism to heat the liquid hydrogen conveyed by the hydrogen conveying pipeline, so that the heated liquid hydrogen forms hydrogen through the hydrogen expander, and the hydrogen expander is connected with the electric pile.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the energy recovery device includes a fourth heat exchange mechanism and a condenser;
the air supply device further comprises a third air heat exchange pipeline, the fourth heat exchange mechanism is communicated with the outlet end of the electric pile and is connected with the air supply pipeline through the third air heat exchange pipeline, and the fourth heat exchange mechanism is used for receiving air conveyed by the air supply pipeline through the third air heat exchange pipeline so as to exchange heat and cool gas exhausted by the electric pile;
the fourth heat exchange mechanism is connected with the condenser, and the condenser is used for carrying out gas-water separation on the gas cooled by the fourth heat exchange mechanism.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the energy recovery device further comprises a fifth heat exchange mechanism;
the fifth heat exchange mechanism is positioned between the fourth heat exchange mechanism and the electric pile, connected with the outlet end of the electric pile and connected with the outlet end of the condenser, and used for cooling the gas output by the electric pile through the heat exchange of the gas output by the condenser so as to convey the primarily cooled gas to the fourth heat exchange mechanism;
the condenser is respectively connected with the first-stage turbocharger and the second-stage turbocharger, and the gas cooled and separated by the condenser is heated by the fifth heat exchange mechanism and then is respectively conveyed to the first-stage turbocharger and the second-stage turbocharger to provide power.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the energy recovery device further comprises a hydrogen burner and a sixth heat exchange mechanism;
the hydrogen combustor is provided with an inlet end, a first outlet end and a second outlet end, the hydrogen combustor is respectively communicated with the hydrogen expander and the third heat exchange mechanism through the inlet end, the hydrogen combustor is used for receiving hydrogen conveyed by the hydrogen expander and air conveyed by the third heat exchange mechanism, and the hydrogen combustor is connected with the electric pile through the first outlet end;
the hydrogen combustor is connected with the sixth heat exchange mechanism through the second outlet end, the sixth heat exchange mechanism is located at the outlet end of the fifth heat exchange mechanism, and the sixth heat exchange mechanism is used for heating gas conveyed by the fifth heat exchange mechanism through gas conveyed by the hydrogen combustor so as to convey the heated gas to the first-stage turbocharger and the second-stage turbocharger respectively.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water storage device, the first water pump and the humidifier are further included;
the condenser is connected with the electric pile sequentially through the water storage device, a first water pump and the humidifier, the water storage device is used for receiving the liquid separated by the condenser and conveying the liquid to the humidifier through the first water pump, and the humidifier is used for humidifying air input to the electric pile.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heat exchanger further comprises a second water pump and a seventh heat exchange mechanism;
the galvanic pile comprises a cooling plate, the cooling plate is sequentially in circulating communication with the second water pump and the seventh heat exchange mechanism, and the second water pump is used for transferring cooling water at the cooling plate back to the cooling plate after heat exchange of the cooling water by the seventh heat exchange mechanism;
the air supply device further comprises an air output pipeline, the air output pipeline is connected with the air supply pipeline, and the seventh heat exchange mechanism is used for receiving the air conveyed by the air supply pipeline through the air output pipeline so as to exchange heat and cool the cooling water conveyed by the second water pump;
the gas output pipeline is respectively communicated with the first air heat exchange pipeline and the second air heat exchange pipeline, and the gas output pipeline is used for discharging gas subjected to heat exchange to the external environment.
The utility model provides a fuel cell system, include: the device comprises a galvanic pile, an air supply device, a hydrogen supply device and an energy recovery device; the air supply device comprises a first-stage air compression mechanism, a first heat exchange mechanism and a second-stage air compression mechanism which are sequentially communicated; specifically, the first-stage air compression mechanism and the second-stage air compression mechanism can perform multi-stage compression on externally input air to provide air with proper pressure for the galvanic pile; when the air is compressed by the first-stage air compression mechanism, the air exchanges heat with the liquid hydrogen through the first heat exchange mechanism, so that the steps of liquid hydrogen heating and air cooling before secondary compression can be synchronously saved; further, gas discharged from the outlet end of the electric pile is conveyed to the first-stage air compression mechanism and the second-stage air compression mechanism through the energy recovery device so as to provide driving energy for the first-stage air compression mechanism and the second-stage air compression mechanism; the technical problems that the fuel cell in the prior art can not realize full power output in the environment with thin plateau air and can not realize high-efficiency utilization of energy are solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the technical solutions in the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy recovery device of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a pipeline arrangement structure of an air supply device of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrogen supply device of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 100-electric pile; 101-a cooling plate; 200-an air supply device; 201-first stage air compression mechanism; 211-a first stage air compressor; 221-a first stage drive motor; 231-first stage turbocharger; 202-a first heat exchange mechanism; 203-a second stage air compression mechanism; 213-a second stage air compressor; 223-a second stage drive motor; 233-second stage turbocharger; 204-a second heat exchange mechanism; 205-a third heat exchange mechanism; 206-a fan; 210-air supply line; 220-a first air heat exchange line; 230-a second air heat exchange line; 240-third air heat exchange line; 250-gas output line; 300-hydrogen supply means; 301-a hydrogen storage mechanism; 302-a hydrogen pump; 303-a hydrogen expander; 304-hydrogen combustor; 310-a hydrogen delivery line; 400-an energy recovery device; 401-a fourth heat exchange mechanism; 402-a condenser; 403-a fifth heat exchange mechanism; 404-a sixth heat exchange mechanism; 405-a water reservoir; 406-a first water pump; 407-a humidifier; 500-a second water pump; 600-seventh heat exchange mechanism.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present embodiment provides a fuel cell system including: a stack 100, an air supply device 200, a hydrogen supply device 300, and an energy recovery device 400; the air supply device 200 comprises a first-stage air compression mechanism 201, a first heat exchange mechanism 202 and a second-stage air compression mechanism 203 which are communicated in sequence; the first-stage air compression mechanism 201 is communicated with the external environment, the first-stage air compression mechanism 201 is used for compressing and conveying external air to the first heat exchange mechanism 202, the first heat exchange mechanism 202 is communicated with the hydrogen supply device 300, the first heat exchange mechanism 202 is used for conveying compressed air to heat hydrogen conveyed by the hydrogen supply device 300 through the first-stage air compression mechanism 201, the second-stage air compression mechanism 203 and the hydrogen supply device 300 are respectively communicated with the electric pile 100, the second-stage air compression mechanism 203 is used for secondarily compressing and conveying compressed air cooled by the first heat exchange mechanism 202 into the electric pile 100, and the hydrogen supply device 300 is used for conveying the heated hydrogen to the electric pile 100; the energy recovery device 400 is communicated with the outlet end of the cell stack 100, the energy recovery device 400 is respectively connected with the first-stage air compression mechanism 201 and the second-stage air compression mechanism 203, and the energy recovery device 400 is used for receiving the energy of the gas exhausted by the cell stack 100 so as to provide driving energy for the first-stage air compression mechanism 201 and the second-stage air compression mechanism 203.
It should be noted that the fuel cell system provided in this embodiment can be used as a plateau type, liquid hydrogen, and high-efficiency hydrogen fuel cell system, and can exert the energy of the vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen energy to a greater extent, and before the liquid hydrogen enters the electric stack 100 of the fuel cell, the disadvantage that the existing fuel cell vehicle cannot achieve full power output in the environment of lean plateau air is solved through multi-stage air compression, and before the liquid hydrogen enters the electric stack 100 of the fuel cell, the liquid hydrogen is heated by the compressed high-temperature air, so that the high-efficiency utilization of the energy is achieved. Wherein, multistage air compressor machine can be as the driving source through multiple energy, like: power provided by the vehicle fuel cell system, power provided by the vehicle battery, exhaust from the fuel cell, mechanical drive train connections to the vehicle's power motor, etc.
Optionally, the air supply device 200 may include a first stage air compression mechanism 201 and a second stage air compression mechanism 203 for compressing air at least in two stages, and in addition, the air supply device 200 may further include a third stage air compression mechanism or even a fourth stage air compression mechanism for different environments, which is not described herein again.
In this embodiment, the electric pile 100 is used as a main body of hydrogen and oxygen reaction, in an air environment where the air in the plateau is thin, the first-stage air pressure mechanism 201 is used for compressing the sucked air, in the process of conveying the first-stage compressed air, the hydrogen supply device 300 is used for exchanging heat between liquid hydrogen and the compressed air in the first heat exchange mechanism 202 to obtain heated hydrogen and cooled compressed air, the cooled compressed air is compressed again through the second-stage air pressure mechanism 203 to provide air with a proper pressure for the electric pile 100, meanwhile, the hydrogen is conveyed to the electric pile 100 for reaction after being heated, the electric pile 100 generates electricity through electrochemical reaction, and the generated electric energy is converted into voltage according with the work of a vehicle-mounted electric appliance through the direct current converter and then is supplied to a power motor of the whole vehicle; in addition, the power generation of the cell stack 100 can supply power to the first stage air compression mechanism 201 and the second stage air compression mechanism 203, and the gas discharged from the cell stack 100 can be processed by the energy recovery device 400, so that the driving force of the gas can assist the first stage air compression mechanism 201 and the second stage air compression mechanism 203 to drive.
Optionally, the system further comprises a control system, the control system may adopt a controller of the fuel cell, that is, the control system may be a fuel cell main controller (FCU), which is a control brain of the fuel cell engine system, and mainly implements online detection, real-time control and fault diagnosis of the fuel cell system, so as to ensure stable and reliable operation of the system, and the functions of the fuel cell main controller include gas path management, hydrothermal management, electrical management, communication function, fault diagnosis, and the like.
The present embodiment provides a fuel cell system including: a stack 100, an air supply device 200, a hydrogen supply device 300, and an energy recovery device 400; the air supply device 200 comprises a first-stage air compression mechanism 201, a first heat exchange mechanism 202 and a second-stage air compression mechanism 203 which are communicated in sequence; specifically, the first-stage air compression mechanism 201 and the second-stage air compression mechanism 203 can perform multi-stage compression on externally input air to provide air with appropriate pressure for the stack 100; when the first-stage air compressor 211 mechanism compresses air, the compressed air is cooled by liquid hydrogen of the hydrogen supply device 300, so that liquid hydrogen heating and cooling before compression can be synchronously saved; further, the gas discharged from the outlet end of the cell stack 100 is returned to the first-stage air compression mechanism 201 and the second-stage air compression mechanism 203 by the energy recovery device 400 to supply driving energy to the first-stage air compression mechanism 201 and the second-stage air compression mechanism 203; the technical problems that the fuel cell in the prior art can not realize full power output in the environment with thin plateau air and can not realize high-efficiency utilization of energy are solved.
Based on the above embodiments, further, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the air supply device 200 further includes a second heat exchange mechanism 204, a third heat exchange mechanism 205, an air supply pipeline 210, a first air heat exchange pipeline 220, and a second air heat exchange pipeline 230; an air supply pipeline 210 is connected with the first-stage air compression mechanism 201, and the air supply pipeline 210 is used for conveying external air to the first-stage air compression mechanism 201; the second heat exchange mechanism 204 is located between the first-stage air compression mechanism 201 and the first heat exchange mechanism 202, the second heat exchange mechanism 204 is respectively connected with the first-stage air compression mechanism 201 and the first heat exchange mechanism 202, the second heat exchange mechanism 204 is connected with the air supply pipeline 210 through the first air heat exchange pipeline 220, and the second heat exchange mechanism 204 is used for receiving air conveyed through the air supply pipeline 210 through the first air heat exchange pipeline 220 so as to exchange heat and cool the compressed air conveyed by the first-stage air compression mechanism 201; the third heat exchange mechanism 205 is located between the second-stage air compressing mechanism 203 and the electric pile 100, the third heat exchange mechanism 205 is connected to the air supply pipeline 210 through the second air heat exchange pipeline 230, and the third heat exchange mechanism 205 is configured to receive the air conveyed through the air supply pipeline 210 through the second air heat exchange pipeline 230, so as to exchange heat with and cool the compressed air conveyed by the second-stage air compressing mechanism 203.
In this embodiment, the first heat exchange mechanism 202, the second heat exchange mechanism 204, the third heat exchange mechanism 205, and a fourth heat exchange mechanism 401, a fifth heat exchange mechanism 403, a sixth heat exchange mechanism 404, and a seventh heat exchange mechanism 600, which are described below, all need two media to exchange heat; specifically, the first heat exchange mechanism 202 is respectively fed with the second heat exchange mechanism 204 to deliver high-temperature compressed air and the low-temperature liquid hydrogen delivered by the hydrogen supply device 300, the second heat exchange mechanism 204 is respectively fed with the high-temperature compressed air delivered by the first-stage air compression mechanism 201 and the low-temperature air delivered by the air supply pipeline 210 divided by the first air heat exchange pipeline 220, the third heat exchange mechanism 205 is respectively fed with the high-temperature compressed air delivered by the second-stage air compression mechanism 203 and the low-temperature air delivered by the air supply pipeline 210 communicated with the second air heat exchange pipeline 230, and the temperature of the air after two-stage compression can meet the temperature of the air entering the electric pile 100 through the first heat exchange mechanism 202, the second heat exchange mechanism 204 and the third heat exchange mechanism 205.
The air delivered by the air supply line 210 received by the second heat exchanging unit 204 and the third heat exchanging unit 205 exchanges heat, and then both are converged to the gas output line 250 to be described below and discharged.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the air supply device 200 further comprises a fan 206; an air inlet is provided at one end of the air supply line 210, through which the air supply line 210 communicates with the external environment, and a fan 206 is located at the air inlet, the fan 206 being for drawing external air into the air supply line 210.
In this embodiment, the fan 206 can be used as the power input for air to enter, and the driving force of the fan 206 can ensure that the external air is continuously input into the air supply pipeline 210; the arrangement of the air intake needs to meet the air intake requirements of the fuel cell system.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first stage air compressing mechanism 201 includes a first stage air compressor 211, a first stage driving motor 221 and a first stage turbocharger 231; the second-stage air compression mechanism 203 comprises a second-stage air compressor 213, a second-stage driving motor 223 and a second-stage turbocharger 233; the first-stage air compressor 211 is communicated with the second-stage air compressor 213 sequentially through the second heat exchange mechanism 204 and the first heat exchange mechanism 202; the first-stage turbocharger 231 is in transmission connection with the first-stage air compressor 211 through the first-stage driving motor 221, the first-stage turbocharger 231 is connected with the energy recovery device 400, and the first-stage turbocharger 231 is used for receiving gas energy transmitted by the energy recovery device 400 so as to drive the first-stage air compressor 211 to move through the first-stage driving motor 221; the second-stage turbocharger 233 is in transmission connection with the second-stage air compressor 213 through the second-stage driving motor 223, the second-stage turbocharger 233 is connected with the energy recovery device 400, and the second-stage turbocharger 233 is used for receiving the gas energy transmitted by the energy recovery device 400 so as to drive the second-stage air compressor 213 to move through the second-stage driving motor 223.
In this embodiment, the first-stage air compressor 211 and the second-stage air compressor 213, as structures for compressing air, can be driven by the corresponding first-stage driving motor 221 and second-stage driving motor 223 to operate respectively; wherein, the electric energy of the first stage driving motor 221 and the second stage driving motor 223 can be derived from the electric energy generated by the stack 100, or derived from the electric energy of the vehicle-mounted power battery; further, the first-stage driving motor 221 is connected to the first-stage turbocharger 231, and the first-stage turbocharger 231 can receive the driving energy of the stack 100 exhaust gas output by the energy recovery device 400, that is, the first-stage turbocharger 231 can assist the first-stage motor to drive the first-stage air compressor 211; similarly, the second-stage driving motor 223 is connected to the second-stage turbocharger 233, and the second-stage turbocharger 233 can receive the driving energy of the stack 100 exhaust gas output by the energy recovery device 400, that is, the second-stage turbocharger 233 can assist the second-stage motor to drive the second-stage air compressor 213, so that the energy utilization efficiency is increased by the energy recovery device 400, and the overall efficiency of the fuel cell system is further improved.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hydrogen supply device 300 comprises a hydrogen storage mechanism 301, a hydrogen pump 302, a hydrogen delivery pipeline 310 and a hydrogen expander 303; the hydrogen storage mechanism 301 is connected with the hydrogen expander 303 through a hydrogen conveying pipeline 310, and the hydrogen pump 302 is positioned on the hydrogen conveying pipeline 310; the hydrogen conveying pipeline 310 is connected with the first heat exchange mechanism 202, the first heat exchange mechanism 202 is used for conveying compressed air through the first-stage air compression mechanism 201 to heat the liquid hydrogen conveyed by the hydrogen conveying pipeline 310, so that the heated liquid hydrogen is converted into hydrogen through the hydrogen expander 303, and the hydrogen expander 303 is connected with the electric pile 100.
In this embodiment, liquid hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage mechanism 301, the liquid hydrogen in the hydrogen storage mechanism 301 is transported along the hydrogen transport pipeline 310 by the hydrogen pump 302, and is connected with the first heat exchange mechanism 202 by using the hydrogen transport pipeline 310, that is, the liquid hydrogen in the hydrogen transport pipeline 310 can be heated in the first heat exchange mechanism 202, the heated liquid hydrogen is expanded by the hydrogen expander 303 to form hydrogen, and the hydrogen is gradually transported to the electric pile 100 by the hydrogen expander 303 to react.
Alternatively, the liquid hydrogen in the hydrogen delivery line 310 may be provided with multiple stages of cooling for cooling the compressed air temperature depending on the temperature of the charge air.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the energy recovery device 400 includes a fourth heat exchange mechanism 401 and a condenser 402; the air supply device 200 further comprises a third air heat exchange pipeline 240, the fourth heat exchange mechanism 401 is communicated with the outlet end of the electric pile 100, the fourth heat exchange mechanism 401 is connected with the air supply pipeline 210 through the third air heat exchange pipeline 240, and the fourth heat exchange mechanism 401 is used for receiving air conveyed through the air supply pipeline 210 through the third air heat exchange pipeline 240 so as to exchange heat with and cool the gas exhausted from the electric pile 100; the fourth heat exchange mechanism 401 is connected with a condenser 402, and the condenser 402 is used for performing gas-water separation on the gas cooled by the fourth heat exchange mechanism 401.
In this embodiment, the fourth heat exchange mechanism 401 can receive the gas with high temperature discharged by the stack 100, and the fourth heat exchange mechanism 401 can introduce the air with low temperature conveyed by the air supply pipeline 210 branched by the third air heat exchange pipeline 240, the fourth heat exchange mechanism 401 cools the gas discharged by the stack 100, the cooled gas is conveyed to the condenser 402, and the condenser 402 can condense the water vapor in the exhaust gas.
Alternatively, the air branched from the air supply line 210 received by the fourth heat exchanging mechanism 401 exchanges heat, and then is converged to the gas output line 250 to be described below and discharged.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the energy recovery device 400 further comprises a fifth heat exchange mechanism 403; the fifth heat exchange mechanism 403 is located between the fourth heat exchange mechanism 401 and the electric pile 100, the fifth heat exchange mechanism 403 is connected with the outlet end of the condenser 402, and the fifth heat exchange mechanism 403 is used for cooling the gas output by the electric pile 100 through the heat exchange of the gas output by the condenser 402 so as to convey the primarily cooled gas to the fourth heat exchange mechanism 401; the fourth heat exchange mechanism 401 is connected with the first-stage turbocharger 231 and the second-stage turbocharger 233 through the condenser 402, and the gas cooled and separated by the condenser 402 is heated by the fifth heat exchange mechanism 403 and then is conveyed to the first-stage turbocharger 231 and the second-stage turbocharger 233 for power supply.
In this embodiment, dry exhaust gas obtained by condensation of the condenser 402 is conveyed to the fifth heat exchange mechanism 403, the fifth heat exchange mechanism 403 can perform heat exchange and heating on the condensed exhaust gas, specifically, the fifth heat exchange mechanism 403 respectively introduces exhaust gas with high temperature discharged through the outlet end of the electric pile 100 and exhaust gas with high temperature discharged through the condenser 402, the exhaust gas at the outlet end of the electric pile 100 is used to heat the exhaust gas discharged from the condenser 402, the dry exhaust gas conveyed by the condenser 402 can prevent moisture carried in the gas from damaging the first-stage turbocharger 231 and the second-stage turbocharger 233, the fifth heat exchange mechanism 403 can ensure the atmospheric pressure temperature entering the first-stage turbocharger 231 and the second-stage turbocharger 233, and simultaneously can perform primary cooling on the exhaust gas discharged through the outlet end of the electric pile 100, and the first-stage turbocharger 231 and the second-stage turbocharger 233 are driven to move by the driving force of high-temperature gas, so as to realize the technical effect of reutilization of exhaust energy.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the energy recovery device 400 further comprises a hydrogen burner 304 and a sixth heat exchange mechanism 404; the hydrogen combustor 304 has an inlet end, a first outlet end and a second outlet end, the hydrogen combustor 304 is respectively communicated with the hydrogen expander 303 and the third heat exchange mechanism 205 through the inlet end, the hydrogen combustor 304 is used for receiving hydrogen gas delivered by the hydrogen expander 303 and air delivered by the third heat exchange mechanism 205, and the hydrogen combustor 304 is connected with the electric pile 100 through the first outlet end; the hydrogen burner 304 is connected to the sixth heat exchange mechanism 404 through a second outlet end, the sixth heat exchange mechanism 404 is located at the outlet end of the fifth heat exchange mechanism 403, and the sixth heat exchange mechanism 404 is configured to heat the gas delivered by the fifth heat exchange mechanism 403 through the gas delivered by the hydrogen burner 304, so as to deliver the heated gas to the first-stage turbocharger 231 and the second-stage turbocharger 233 respectively.
In this embodiment, the hydrogen burner 304 is used as a preliminary hydrogen combustion structure of the fuel cell, and an outlet of the hydrogen burner 304 is divided into a first outlet end and a second outlet end, where the first outlet end can be used as an air conveying structure normally input to the stack 100, the second outlet end can convey exhaust gas generated by the hydrogen burner 304 to the sixth heat exchanging mechanism 404, the sixth heat exchanging mechanism 404 can respectively introduce exhaust gas with low temperature discharged by the fifth heat exchanging mechanism 403 and gas with high temperature discharged by the hydrogen burner 304, the heated exhaust gas is conveyed to the first-stage turbocharger 231 and the second-stage turbocharger 233 after heat exchange and heating by the sixth heat exchanging mechanism 404, and the exhaust gas discharged by the hydrogen burner 304 after heat exchange by the sixth heat exchanging mechanism 404 can join with the outlet end of the stack 100 and enter the fifth heat exchanging mechanism 403.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water storage 405, the first water pump 406 and the humidifier 407 are further included; the condenser 402 is connected to the electric pile 100 through a water reservoir 405, a first water pump 406 and a humidifier 407 in sequence, the water reservoir 405 is used for receiving the liquid separated by the condenser 402 to be conveyed to the humidifier 407 through the first water pump 406, and the humidifier 407 is used for humidifying the air input to the electric pile 100.
In this embodiment, the liquid water in the exhaust gas condensed by the condenser 402 may be stored in the water reservoir 405, and enter the humidifier 407 through the first water pump 406, as a humidifier water source, to humidify the compressed air and enter the electric pile 100.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heat exchanger further comprises a second water pump 500 and a seventh heat exchange mechanism 600; the electric pile 100 comprises a cooling plate 101, the cooling plate 101 is sequentially in circulating communication with a second water pump 500 and a seventh heat exchange mechanism 600, and the second water pump 500 is used for transferring cooling water at the cooling plate 101 back to the cooling plate 101 after heat exchange is carried out by the seventh heat exchange mechanism 600; the air supply device 200 further comprises a gas output pipeline 250, the gas output pipeline 250 is connected with the air supply pipeline 210, and the seventh heat exchange mechanism 600 is configured to receive the air delivered by the air supply pipeline 210 through the gas output pipeline 250 to exchange heat with the cooling water delivered by the second water pump 500 for cooling; the gas output line 250 is respectively communicated with the first air heat exchange line 220 and the second air heat exchange line 230, and the gas output line 250 is used for discharging the heat-exchanged gas to the external environment.
In this embodiment, the cooling plate 101, the second water pump 500, and the seventh heat exchange mechanism 600 form a circulating communication pipeline, wherein heat generated by the reaction inside the stack 100 is diffused into the cooling water of the cooling plate 101, the cooling water enters the seventh heat exchange mechanism 600 through the second water pump 500, the seventh heat exchange mechanism 600 can separately introduce the cooling water with high temperature conveyed by the cooling plate 101 and the air with low temperature conveyed by the air supply pipeline 210 divided by the gas output pipeline 250, and the cooling water conveyed by the cooling plate 101 is cooled through the heat exchange of the air conveyed by the gas output pipeline 250, so as to cool the inside of the stack 100; further, the gas output line 250 has an exhaust port, and the gas output line 250 can respectively receive the heat-exchanged air output by the first air heat-exchange line 220, the second air heat-exchange line 230, and the third air heat-exchange line 240, and exhaust the heat-exchanged air through the exhaust port.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell system, characterized by comprising: the fuel cell stack comprises a galvanic pile (100), an air supply device (200), a hydrogen supply device (300) and an energy recovery device (400);
the air supply device (200) comprises a first-stage air compression mechanism (201), a first heat exchange mechanism (202) and a second-stage air compression mechanism (203) which are communicated in sequence; the first-stage air compression mechanism (201) is communicated with the external environment, the first-stage air compression mechanism (201) is used for compressing and conveying external air to the first heat exchange mechanism (202), the first heat exchange mechanism (202) is communicated with the hydrogen supply device (300), the first heat exchange mechanism (202) is used for conveying compressed air through the first-stage air compression mechanism (201) to heat hydrogen conveyed by the hydrogen supply device (300), the second-stage air compression mechanism (203) and the hydrogen supply device (300) are respectively communicated with the galvanic pile (100), the second-stage air compression mechanism (203) is used for secondarily compressing and conveying compressed air cooled by the first heat exchange mechanism (202) into the galvanic pile (100), and the hydrogen supply device (300) is used for conveying heated hydrogen to the galvanic pile (100);
the energy recovery device (400) is communicated with the outlet end of the electric pile (100), the energy recovery device (400) is respectively connected with the first-stage air compression mechanism (201) and the second-stage air compression mechanism (203), and the energy recovery device (400) is used for receiving the energy of the gas exhausted by the electric pile (100) so as to provide driving energy for the first-stage air compression mechanism (201) and the second-stage air compression mechanism (203).
2. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the air supply device (200) further comprises a second heat exchange mechanism (204), a third heat exchange mechanism (205), an air supply line (210), a first air heat exchange line (220), a second air heat exchange line (230);
the air supply pipeline (210) is connected with the first-stage air compression mechanism (201), and the air supply pipeline (210) is used for conveying external air to the first-stage air compression mechanism (201);
the second heat exchange mechanism (204) is located between the first-stage air compression mechanism (201) and the first heat exchange mechanism (202), the second heat exchange mechanism (204) is respectively connected with the first-stage air compression mechanism (201) and the first heat exchange mechanism (202), the second heat exchange mechanism (204) is connected with the air supply pipeline (210) through the first air heat exchange pipeline (220), and the second heat exchange mechanism (204) is used for receiving air conveyed through the air supply pipeline (210) through the first air heat exchange pipeline (220) so as to exchange heat and cool compressed air conveyed by the first-stage air compression mechanism (201);
the third heat exchange mechanism (205) is located between the second-stage air compression mechanism (203) and the electric pile (100), the third heat exchange mechanism (205) is respectively connected with the second-stage air compression mechanism (203) and the electric pile (100), the third heat exchange mechanism (205) is connected with the air supply pipeline (210) through the second air heat exchange pipeline (230), and the third heat exchange mechanism (205) is used for receiving air conveyed through the air supply pipeline (210) through the second air heat exchange pipeline (230) so as to exchange heat and cool compressed air conveyed by the second-stage air compression mechanism (203).
3. The fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein the air supply device (200) further includes a fan (206);
an air inlet is provided at one end of the air supply line (210), the air supply line (210) communicates with the external environment through the air inlet, the fan (206) is located at the air inlet, and the fan (206) is used for sucking external air into the air supply line (210).
4. The fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein the first-stage air compression mechanism (201) includes a first-stage air compressor (211), a first-stage drive motor (221), and a first-stage turbocharger (231); the second-stage air pressure mechanism (203) comprises a second-stage air compressor (213), a second-stage driving motor (223) and a second-stage turbocharger (233);
the first-stage air compressor (211) is communicated with the second-stage air compressor (213) sequentially through the second heat exchange mechanism (204) and the first heat exchange mechanism (202);
the first-stage turbocharger (231) is in transmission connection with the first-stage air compressor (211) through the first-stage driving motor (221), the first-stage turbocharger (231) is connected with the energy recovery device (400), and the first-stage turbocharger (231) is used for receiving gas energy transmitted by the energy recovery device (400) so as to drive the first-stage air compressor (211) to move through the first-stage driving motor (221);
the second-stage turbocharger (233) is in transmission connection with the second-stage air compressor (213) through the second-stage driving motor (223), the second-stage turbocharger (233) is connected with the energy recovery device (400), and the second-stage turbocharger (233) is used for receiving gas energy transmitted by the energy recovery device (400) so as to drive the second-stage air compressor (213) to move through the second-stage driving motor (223).
5. The fuel cell system according to claim 4, wherein the hydrogen gas supply device (300) includes a hydrogen storage mechanism (301), a hydrogen pump (302), a hydrogen delivery line (310), and a hydrogen expander (303);
the hydrogen storage mechanism (301) is connected with the hydrogen expander (303) through the hydrogen conveying pipeline (310), and the hydrogen pump (302) is positioned on the hydrogen conveying pipeline (310);
the hydrogen conveying pipeline (310) is connected with the first heat exchange mechanism (202), the first heat exchange mechanism (202) is used for conveying compressed air through the first-stage air compression mechanism (201) to heat the liquid hydrogen conveyed by the hydrogen conveying pipeline (310), so that the heated liquid hydrogen forms hydrogen through the hydrogen expander (303), and the hydrogen expander (303) is connected with the electric pile (100).
6. The fuel cell system according to claim 5, wherein the energy recovery device (400) includes a fourth heat exchange mechanism (401) and a condenser (402);
the air supply device (200) further comprises a third air heat exchange pipeline (240), the fourth heat exchange mechanism (401) is communicated with the outlet end of the electric pile (100), the fourth heat exchange mechanism (401) is connected with the air supply pipeline (210) through the third air heat exchange pipeline (240), and the fourth heat exchange mechanism (401) is used for receiving air conveyed through the air supply pipeline (210) through the third air heat exchange pipeline (240) so as to exchange heat with and cool gas exhausted from the electric pile (100);
the fourth heat exchange mechanism (401) is connected with the condenser (402), and the condenser (402) is used for carrying out gas-water separation on the gas cooled by the fourth heat exchange mechanism (401).
7. The fuel cell system according to claim 6, wherein the energy recovery device (400) further comprises a fifth heat exchange mechanism (403);
the fifth heat exchange mechanism (403) is located between the fourth heat exchange mechanism (401) and the galvanic pile (100), the fifth heat exchange mechanism (403) is connected with the outlet end of the condenser (402), and the fifth heat exchange mechanism (403) is used for cooling the gas output by the galvanic pile (100) through the heat exchange of the gas output by the condenser (402) so as to convey the primarily cooled gas to the fourth heat exchange mechanism (401);
the condenser (402) is respectively connected with the first-stage turbocharger (231) and the second-stage turbocharger (233), and the gas cooled and separated by the condenser (402) is heated by the fifth heat exchange mechanism (403) and then is respectively conveyed to the first-stage turbocharger (231) and the second-stage turbocharger (233) to provide power.
8. The fuel cell system of claim 7, wherein the energy recovery device (400) further comprises a sixth heat exchange mechanism (404);
the hydrogen supply device (300) further comprises a hydrogen burner (304), the hydrogen burner (304) is provided with an inlet end, a first outlet end and a second outlet end, the hydrogen burner (304) is respectively communicated with the hydrogen expander (303) and the third heat exchange mechanism (205) through the inlet end, the hydrogen burner (304) is used for receiving hydrogen gas conveyed by the hydrogen expander (303) and air conveyed by the third heat exchange mechanism (205), and the hydrogen burner (304) is connected with the electric pile (100) through the first outlet end;
the hydrogen combustor (304) is connected with the sixth heat exchange mechanism (404) through the second outlet end, the sixth heat exchange mechanism (404) is located at the outlet end of the fifth heat exchange mechanism (403), and the sixth heat exchange mechanism (404) is used for heating the gas conveyed by the fifth heat exchange mechanism (403) through the gas conveyed by the hydrogen combustor (304) so as to convey the heated gas to the first-stage turbocharger (231) and the second-stage turbocharger (233) respectively.
9. The fuel cell system according to claim 6, wherein the energy recovery device (400) further includes a water reservoir (405), a first water pump (406), and a humidifier (407);
the condenser (402) is connected with the electric pile (100) through the water storage device (405), a first water pump (406) and the humidifier (407) in sequence, the water storage device (405) is used for receiving the liquid separated by the condenser (402) and conveying the liquid to the humidifier (407) through the first water pump (406), and the humidifier (407) is used for humidifying the air input into the electric pile (100).
10. The fuel cell system according to any one of claims 2 to 9, further comprising a second water pump (500) and a seventh heat exchanging mechanism (600);
the galvanic pile (100) comprises a cooling plate (101), the cooling plate (101) is sequentially in circulating communication with the second water pump (500) and the seventh heat exchange mechanism (600), and the second water pump (500) is used for conveying cooling water at the cooling plate (101) back to the cooling plate (101) after heat exchange by the seventh heat exchange mechanism (600);
the air supply device (200) further comprises a gas output pipeline (250), the gas output pipeline (250) is connected with the air supply pipeline (210), and the seventh heat exchange mechanism (600) is used for receiving the air conveyed by the air supply pipeline (210) through the gas output pipeline (250) so as to exchange heat with the cooling water conveyed by the second water pump (500) for cooling;
the gas output pipeline (250) is respectively communicated with the first air heat exchange pipeline (220) and the second air heat exchange pipeline (230), and gas after heat exchange is discharged to the external environment through the gas output pipeline (250).
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| CN202222853206.1U CN218731088U (en) | 2022-10-27 | 2022-10-27 | Fuel cell system |
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| CN202222853206.1U CN218731088U (en) | 2022-10-27 | 2022-10-27 | Fuel cell system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116936863A (en) * | 2023-08-02 | 2023-10-24 | 北京航天试验技术研究所 | Cold-start liquid hydrogen storage and supply system and method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116936863A (en) * | 2023-08-02 | 2023-10-24 | 北京航天试验技术研究所 | Cold-start liquid hydrogen storage and supply system and method thereof |
| CN116936863B (en) * | 2023-08-02 | 2024-03-12 | 北京航天试验技术研究所 | Cold-start liquid hydrogen storage and supply system and method thereof |
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