CN218545275U - Large-scale side-blown smelting furnace - Google Patents
Large-scale side-blown smelting furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN218545275U CN218545275U CN202121410743.8U CN202121410743U CN218545275U CN 218545275 U CN218545275 U CN 218545275U CN 202121410743 U CN202121410743 U CN 202121410743U CN 218545275 U CN218545275 U CN 218545275U
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- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- PTVDYARBVCBHSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cu] PTVDYARBVCBHSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 37
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 37
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Fe] XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a large side-blown smelting furnace, which comprises a furnace body, a flue and a blanking unit; the furnace body is of a single-chamber structure and comprises a furnace hearth, a furnace body, a hearth and a furnace top from bottom to top, two slag partition walls are vertically arranged between two side walls in the furnace body, the furnace body is divided into a depletion area and two reaction areas by the two slag partition walls, the depletion area is positioned in the furnace body between the two slag partition walls, and the two reaction areas are positioned in the furnace body on the opposite outer sides of the two slag partition walls; the utility model discloses the exhanst gas outlet is located the district top of impovering, and the smelting flue gas in the stove is divided into two parts, and the flue gas passageway is become two by one in the stove, and the flue gas velocity of flow also corresponding reduces, has broken through the restriction of the interior flue gas passageway sectional area of current structure side-blown smelting furnace stove. The utility model discloses the dilution district sets up inside the shaft of a furnace, divide into two middle-size and small-size side-blown smelting furnaces with a large-scale side-blown smelting furnace, changes for a short time, and easier control.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the utility model relates to a large-scale side-blown smelting furnace belongs to the smelting equipment field.
Background art:
the side-blown smelting furnace is a shaft furnace with a fixed hearth and a rectangular cross section, the existing side-blown smelting furnace is of a double-chamber structure, the two furnace chambers are arranged along the length direction of a furnace body, the bottoms of the two furnace chambers are communicated, and the upper parts of the two furnace chambers are separated by a water-cooled slag partition wall. The large furnace chamber is a reaction zone, and the small furnace chamber is a depletion zone; the lower parts of two side walls of the reaction zone are respectively provided with a row of primary air ports, the furnace top is provided with a plurality of feed openings and a flue gas outlet, and the flue gas outlet is arranged at one end of the furnace top close to the dilution zone.
At present, the side-blown smelting furnace becomes the most competitive copper smelting furnace. However, based on the characteristics of the reaction mechanism and the working condition, the width of the hearth of the reaction zone of the side-blown smelting furnace is fixed between 2 and 2.5m, the structure and the size of the longitudinal section of the furnace body tend to be optimal, no large change exists, and the furnace body can only adapt to different capacities by adjusting the length of the furnace body. Therefore, the side-blown smelting furnace with the existing structure is mostly applied to a copper smelting production line with the annual capacity of 5-25 ten thousand tons of cathode copper. If the side-blown smelting furnace with the existing structure is applied to a copper smelting production line with the capacity over 30 ten thousand tons/year, the production can be realized only by further lengthening the furnace body and increasing the number of primary air ports and feed openings, and the existing problems are that:
(1) The flue gas outlet of the existing structure side-blown smelting furnace is positioned at the top of one end in the reaction zone, the space above the liquid level of the melt in the reaction zone and below the furnace top is a flue gas channel in the furnace, the flue gas volume passing through the flue gas channel in the furnace is too large, the flue gas flow velocity is high, the flue gas is caused to overflow and disperse from the feed opening, and the smoke rate of the smelting furnace can be increased.
(2) The reaction zone and the dilution zone are lengthened, the total length of the furnace body is too large, the expansion amount after heating is large, and the stability of the structure of the furnace body is not facilitated.
(3) The distance of slag migration to the depletion area is long, and the number of air ports passing through is large, so that the slag can be over-blown, and the foaming slag eruption accident is easy to occur.
(4) Most of the existing side-blown smelting furnaces use water-cooled flues, so that the pipes are easy to explode, and the potential safety hazard is large.
The utility model has the following contents:
based on a series of problems that current side-blown smelting furnace exists through further extension furnace body, increase wind gap and feed opening quantity once, the utility model aims to provide a neotype side-blown smelting furnace to realize that its maximization is used.
The purpose of the utility model is implemented by the following technical scheme:
a large side-blown smelting furnace comprises a furnace body, a flue and a blanking unit;
the furnace body is of a single-chamber structure and comprises a hearth, a furnace body, a hearth and a furnace top from bottom to top, two slag partition walls are vertically arranged between two side walls in the furnace body, the furnace body is penetrated by the two slag partition walls to separate a depletion area and two reaction areas, the depletion area is positioned in the furnace body between the two slag partition walls, and the two reaction areas are positioned in the furnace body on the opposite outer sides of the two slag partition walls;
primary air ports are horizontally arranged on two sides of the two reaction zones;
a siphon channel is arranged at one end of the hearth, and the outlet of the siphon channel is higher than the bottom surface of the slag partition wall; a slag discharge port is arranged at one side of the dilution zone;
a flue communicated with the hearth is arranged at the upper part of the furnace top and is positioned right above the lean area of the furnace body;
and a set of blanking units communicated with the hearth is respectively arranged at the two ends of the flue on the upper part of the furnace top.
Further, the primary air port is connected with an oxygen-enriched air main pipe through a branch pipe, and the oxygen-enriched air main pipe of each reaction zone is provided with a flowmeter; the primary tuyere is made of a cone frustum-shaped copper water jacket, is immersed in the slag layer, has a height difference of 300-600mm with the bottom surface of the slag discharge port, and has a drift diameter of 38-42mm.
Furthermore, the hearth is defined by a hearth bottom, hearth end walls and hearth side walls, the hearth bottom is of an inverted arch structure built by refractory bricks, the distance between the hearth side walls is 1700-2200mm, the height of the hearth is 700-1300mm, and the positions, 300-400mm downwards, of the top surfaces of the hearth end walls and the hearth side walls are built by mixing flat copper water jackets and refractory bricks.
Furthermore, the siphon channel is a pore canal which inclines upwards, extends upwards and outwards in an inclined way from the bottom of the hearth end wall and penetrates through the hearth end wall, the thickness of refractory bricks around the siphon channel outside the hearth end wall is not less than 500mm, the inclination angle of the siphon channel is 25-35 degrees, and the height h5 is 1100-1800mm.
Further, the furnace body is enclosed by a furnace body side wall and a furnace body end wall which are made of copper water jackets, the furnace body side wall is divided into a lower section furnace body side wall which is vertically arranged and an upper section furnace body side wall which is obliquely arranged, and the top of the lower section furnace body side wall is aligned with the bottom of the upper section furnace body side wall; the distance between the side walls of the lower furnace body sections at the two sides is 300mm larger than the distance between the side walls of the furnace hearth, and the distance between the tops of the side walls of the upper furnace body sections is equal to the minimum width of the furnace hearth; the height h2 of the furnace body is 2500-4000mm.
Furthermore, the furnace body side wall, the furnace body end wall and the furnace slag partition wall are formed by splicing a plurality of copper water jackets, a plurality of rows of large dovetail grooves are horizontally arranged on the surface of the copper water jacket positioned in the furnace, and small dovetail grooves are horizontally arranged between the adjacent large dovetail grooves; refractory bricks are embedded in the large dovetail grooves and protrude out of the surfaces of the corresponding copper water jackets, and pouring materials are filled in grooves formed between the adjacent refractory bricks and the small dovetail grooves.
Furthermore, an arched slag channel is arranged in the middle of the bottom of the slag partition wall.
Furthermore, the slag discharge port is made of a U-shaped copper water jacket, and the height of the bottom surface of the slag discharge port is 600-900mm higher than that of the bottom surface of the slag partition wall.
Furthermore, a primary tuyere is also arranged on the side wall of the furnace body in the depletion area.
Furthermore, the hearth is formed by enclosing a hearth end wall and a hearth side wall which are built by refractory bricks, the height h3 of the hearth is 2000-3200mm, the width of the hearth is 3000-4500mm, the inner side of the hearth side wall is in a step shape, the height h4 of the middle part of the hearth side wall is 2800-4000mm, the hearth side wall and the area with the upward 1000-1500mm bottom surfaces of the hearth end wall are built by mixing flat copper water jackets and refractory bricks, the two hearth end walls are both provided with observation ports, and the two hearth side walls are respectively provided with a row of secondary air ports.
Further, the furnace top comprises two sets of furnace covers which are respectively arranged at two ends of the top of the hearth, the flue gas outlet is arranged between the two sets of furnace covers, and the flue gas outlet is communicated with the flue;
the bell includes a plurality of inside lining refractory material's arch steel water jacket, the steel water jacket sets up side by side on furnace body length direction, and every set of bell all is equipped with a plurality of feed opening and secondary air port, the feed opening sets up the vault department of bell, and the interval arrangement is sheathe in at the steel water of difference to be connected with the lower hopper of unloading unit, the secondary air port is established on the single block arch steel water of no feed opening and is sheathe in, every piece is two.
Furthermore, each set of the blanking units comprises a blanking belt, a plow discharger and a blanking hopper, an outlet of the blanking hopper is communicated with the blanking port, and the upstream of each set of the blanking units is sequentially connected with a conveying belt, a metering belt and a storage bin to form two sets of independent feeding and batching units together; each set of the batching unit is used for independently batching and delivering the batched furnace burden to the feed openings of the two sets of furnace top covers respectively.
Furthermore, the flue gas outlet is a copper water jacket structure consisting of a lower flue gas partition wall and an upper flue gas enclosing wall, and the flue gas partition wall is clamped by the furnace cover and the side wall of the hearth and extends into and penetrates through the hearth.
Furthermore, the flue is arranged at the upper part of the flue gas outlet and is built by refractory materials, and a gap is reserved between the bottom surface of the flue gas outlet and the top surface of the flue gas outlet.
Furthermore, the 'mixed building of the flat copper water jacket and the refractory bricks' is that a plurality of layers of flat copper water jackets with the thickness equal to that of the refractory bricks are built in the furnace wall, the flat copper water jackets and the refractory bricks are bonded into a whole by refractory clay without arranging a mechanism for supporting or fixing the flat copper water jackets, 2-5 layers of refractory bricks are built between every two layers of flat copper water jackets, and the width of each flat copper water jacket is not more than the thickness of the furnace wall and not less than 300mm.
Furthermore, a gap is reserved between the hearth and the top of the furnace body.
The method for smelting copper by using the utility model comprises the following steps:
the furnace charges such as copper concentrate, return charge, fuel, flux and the like are independently metered and proportioned by the proportioning unit and are respectively conveyed into the two reaction zones, and the specific process is as follows: different furnace charges are respectively arranged in different material bins of each set of feeding and proportioning unit, the different furnace charges are converged into a conveying belt through a metering belt with adjustable speed at the lower part of the material bin to complete the metering and proportioning of the furnace charges, the proportioned furnace charges are conveyed to a discharging hopper at the upper part of the furnace top through the conveying belt and a discharging belt, a plow discharger arranged at the side of each discharging hopper scrapes a part of the furnace charges on the discharging belt into the discharging hopper, and all the furnace charges enter a reaction zone in the furnace through a plurality of discharging openings connected with the discharging hopper. The blanking amount of the copper-containing materials (copper concentrate and return material) is calculated according to the copper content, the production line capacity, the copper recovery rate and the operation time of the side-blown smelting furnace. The fuel blanking amount is determined according to the furnace temperature. The flux blanking amount is calculated according to the iron content of the slag and the iron-silicon ratio of the slag type.
The total amount of oxygen-enriched air (primary air) is independently measured by the flow meter on the oxygen-enriched air main pipe and then is respectively blown into the slag layers of the two reaction areas through the primary air port, the melt above the primary air port is violently stirred, the melting, oxidation and slag formation of furnace charge are rapidly completed, the matte has high density and falls into the furnace cylinder to form a matte layer, the slag has low density and floats on the upper part of the matte layer to form a slag layer, and smelting smoke generated by reaction enters the furnace cylinder;
the total flow of the oxygen-enriched air, the yield of the matte, the yield of the slag, the iron content of the slag and the smoke gas of each reaction area are determined according to metallurgical calculation;
to sum up, the oxygen-enriched air flow and the blanking amount of furnace burden in the two reaction areas are respectively measured and controlled, which is equivalent to respectively controlling two small and medium-sized side-blown smelting furnaces to produce copper matte, slag and flue gas.
And the slag at the lower part of the primary tuyere in the two reaction areas enters the depletion area in the furnace body through the bottom of the slag partition wall under the siphoning action, the slag is further depleted in the processes of flowing and diffusing from bottom to top, the copper content of the slag is reduced, and the depleted slag rises to the slag discharge port and then is discharged in a continuous overflow manner.
Fall into the copper matte of hearth lower part passes through the siphon is discharged in succession, according to copper matte, slag composition with the height of slag tap adjusts the height of siphon to make the height on copper matte layer be less than the slag partition wall.
Smelting flue gas in the two reaction areas respectively enters two in-furnace flue gas channels (spaces below the furnace cover and above the melt liquid level), is converged at the flue gas outlet at a low flow rate and then enters a waste heat boiler through the flue, secondary air distribution is blown into the furnace through the hearth side wall and a secondary air port of the furnace cover, monomer sulfur and combustible substances in the flue gas are mixed and combusted with the secondary air distribution, and suspended particles and liquid drops in the flue gas are further settled under the action of a secondary air curtain on the furnace top in the flowing process to reduce the smoke dust rate.
The air quantity of the secondary air distribution is controlled by the residual oxygen rate of the boiler flue gas outlet.
Further, the return material refers to other copper-containing materials except copper concentrate, such as blowing slag, soot, slag flotation copper concentrate.
Further, the grade of the copper concentrate is 15-30%, the grade of the matte is 55-77%, the iron-silicon ratio is 1.5-2.5, and the furnace temperature is 1200-1350 ℃.
Further, the fuel rate is 1-5%, the primary air blowing pressure is 0.1-0.13MPa, the primary air oxygen concentration is 70-90%, the secondary air blowing pressure is 15-25kPa, the secondary air oxygen concentration is 15-80%, the slag copper content is 1-2.5%, the smoke rate is 1-2%, and the residual oxygen rate is 2-4%.
Supplementary explanation: further, determination of the reaction zone length: the melt back pressure born by the tuyere can be calculated, the total flow of the oxygen-enriched air is known, and the oxygen-enriched air flow rate and the number of the tuyere can be calculated according to the parameters. The distance between the tuyeres is 600mm, and then the length of the reaction zone of the furnace body can be calculated according to the number of the tuyeres. Further, determination of depletion region length: and calculating the volume of the slag in a depletion area of the furnace body according to the yield and depletion time of the slag, and calculating according to the volume of the slag, the width of the furnace body and the height difference between the bottom surface of the slag discharging port and the bottom surface of the slag partition wall.
Further, the length of the furnace body is equal to the sum of the lengths of the two reaction zones, the thickness of the slag partition wall and the length of the depletion zone, the length of the hearth is equal to the length of the furnace body, and the length of the hearth is equal to the length of the furnace body.
The utility model has the advantages that:
1. the utility model discloses a large-scale side-blown smelting furnace is applicable to annual output 30-50 ten thousand tons of negative pole copper, or annual output corresponding scale positive pole copper, or annual output corresponding scale blister copper's single copper smelting production line (the copper-containing ratio of different products is different above, and the productivity scale can be converted according to the copper-containing ratio, and for unifying, the product that the productivity of following mentioning refers in particular to the production line is the negative pole copper).
2. The furnace body is single room structure, and the exhanst gas outlet is located between two sets of bell of furnace roof, and the smelting flue gas in the stove is divided into two parts, and the interior flue gas passageway of stove becomes two by one, and the flue gas velocity of flow is corresponding reduction also, and the flue gas can not escape outward, has improved operational environment, is favorable to reducing the smelting furnace smoke and dust rate simultaneously, has broken through the restriction of the interior flue gas passageway sectional area of current structure side-blown smelting furnace stove, if current structure side-blown stove obtain with the utility model discloses the same flue gas velocity of flow need double the sectional area of interior flue gas passageway of stove, lead to the furnace body too high.
3. The dilution zone is arranged right below the flue gas outlet, and has the following advantages:
(1) The method divides the reaction area of the side-blown smelting furnace into two parts, each reaction area is provided with a set of feeding unit, the fed materials are independently metered, fed, conveyed and discharged, the total flow of the oxygen-enriched air in each reaction area is independently metered, namely, a large side-blown smelting furnace is divided into two small and medium side-blown smelting furnaces for control, and the control technology of the small and medium side-blown smelting furnace with the output of 10-25 ten thousand tons/year is mature and applied.
(2) The migration distance of the slag from the reaction area to the depletion area is shortened, and the slag is not over-blown.
(3) The length of the furnace body is shortened by the length of a depletion area, the expansion amount is small, and the structural stability of the furnace body is strong.
4. The flue is built by refractory materials, and the safety is high.
5. The bottom of the slag partition wall is provided with an arched slag channel, so that the bottom height of the slag partition wall is locally increased, and the fluctuation of the height of the matte is adapted; the side wall of the dilution area is provided with a primary air port, the primary air port is blocked when in normal operation, when the slag temperature is low and the fluidity is not good, the oxygen-enriched air is opened, the temperature of the dilution area is improved by utilizing the reaction heat, and the slag can flow smoothly; the fault-tolerant capability of the smelting furnace is improved by the two points.
6. The key parts of the hearth and the hearth are built by mixing refractory bricks and a copper water jacket, so that the hearth and the hearth can bear the erosion and the scouring of 1350 ℃ high-temperature melt and flue gas, the remaining thickness of the furnace wall is large, and the service life and the structural stability of the furnace body are improved.
7. The slag discharge port is a U-shaped copper water jacket which can resist the scouring and erosion of the high-temperature slag at 1350 ℃ without hot repair.
8. The furnace body side wall and the inner side of the furnace body end wall are inlaid with bricks and poured, so that the installation gap between the copper water jackets is covered, the leakage of the melt at the initial stage of opening the furnace from the installation gap is avoided, the copper water jackets are not in direct contact with the melt and the flue gas, the heat loss of the furnace body is reduced, and the service life of the copper water jackets is prolonged.
9. Furnace roof sets up the overgrate air mouth, is difficult for being hung the sediment by the splash fuse-element and blockking up, and the overgrate air spouts to the interior fuse-element of stove and forms multichannel air curtain, has very strong stopping and collecting action to suspended liquid drop and dust, is favorable to further reducing the smoke and dust rate and the fuel rate of smelting furnace.
10. A gap is reserved between the furnace body and the hearth, and a gap is reserved between the smoke outlet and the uptake flue, so that the furnace body and the smoke outlet are prevented from being extruded and deformed after the furnace body is heated and expanded.
Description of the drawings:
in order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a large side-blown smelting furnace according to example 1;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of FIG. 1 (excluding the flue and blanking unit);
FIG. 3 is another longitudinal section of FIG. 1 (excluding the flue and blanking unit);
FIG. 4 is a top view of a large side-blown smelting furnace (without flue and blanking unit) according to example 1;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view taken at A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of FIG. 1 at B;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of FIG. 1 at C;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged schematic view of FIG. 2 at D;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of FIG. 8 with the refractory bricks and casting removed.
In the figure: furnace body 1, hearth 1.1, furnace bottom 1.1, hearth end wall 1.1.2, hearth side wall 1.1.3, furnace body 1.2, furnace body end wall 1.2.1, furnace body side wall 1.2, furnace 1.3, furnace end wall 1.3.1, furnace side wall 1.3.2, viewing port 1.3.3, furnace top 1.4, furnace cover 1.4.1, flue gas outlet 1.4.2, flue gas enclosure 1.4.3, flue gas partition wall 1.4.4, flue 2, blanking unit 3, blanking belt 3.1, plow discharger 3.2, blanking hopper 3.3, slag partition wall 4, primary air port 5, secondary air port 6, siphon 7, slag port 8, blanking port 9, dilution zone 10, reaction zone 11, slag channel 12, refractory brick branch pipe 13, oxygen-enriched air main pipe 14, oxygen-enriched air flow meter 15, copper partition wall 16, dovetail groove 17, pouring material 18, large water jacket 19, small air outlet 20.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a large side-blown smelting furnace applied to a 40 ten thousand ton annual cathode copper production line comprises a furnace body 1, a flue 2 and a blanking unit 3;
the furnace body 1 is of a single-chamber structure and comprises a furnace hearth 1.1, a furnace body 1.2, a hearth 1.3 and a furnace top 1.4 from bottom to top, two slag partition walls 4 are vertically arranged between two side walls in the furnace body 1.2, the furnace body 1.2 is divided into a dilution area 10 and two reaction areas 11 by the two slag partition walls 4, the dilution area 10 is positioned in the middle of the furnace body, and the two reaction areas 11 are positioned in the furnace body 1.2 on the opposite outer sides of the two slag partition walls 4, are symmetrically arranged and have the same scale;
a primary air port 5 is horizontally arranged on the furnace body side wall 1.2.2 in the two reaction zones 11;
a siphon channel 7 is arranged on the hearth end wall 1.1.2 of the hearth 1.1, and the outlet of the siphon channel 7 is higher than the bottom end of the slag partition wall 4; a slag discharging port 8 is arranged on the side wall 1.2.2 of the furnace body at one side in the dilution zone 10;
a flue 2 is arranged at the upper part of the furnace top 1.4 and at the position right above the depletion area 10 of the furnace body 1.2;
a set of blanking units 3 is respectively arranged at the upper part of the furnace top 1.4 and at the two ends of the flue 2.
The primary air port 5 is connected with an oxygen-enriched air main pipe 14 through a branch pipe 13, and the oxygen-enriched air main pipe 14 of each reaction zone 11 is respectively provided with a flowmeter 15; all the primary air ports 5 are made of cone frustum-shaped copper water jackets and are immersed in the slag layer, the height difference between the primary air ports and the bottom surface of the slag discharge port 8 is 300-600mm, and the drift diameter of the air ports is 38mm.
The hearth 1.1 is surrounded by a hearth 1.1.1, a hearth end wall 1.1.2 and a hearth side wall 1.1.3, the hearth 1.1.1 is of an inverted arch structure built by refractory bricks, the distance between the hearth side walls 1.1.3 is 2200mm, the height h1 of the hearth 1.1 is 1300mm, and the positions of the hearth end wall 1.1.2 and the hearth side wall 1.1.3, which are downward 300-400mm from the top surface, are built by mixing two layers of flat copper water jackets 16 and refractory bricks 17.
The siphon channel 7 is an inclined upward channel, extends upwards and outwards in an inclined manner from the bottom of the hearth end wall 1.1.2, and penetrates through the hearth end wall 1.1.2, the thickness of refractory bricks around the siphon channel 7 outside the hearth end wall 1.1.2 is not less than 500mm, the inclination angle of the siphon channel 7 is 30 degrees, and the height h5 is 1700mm.
The furnace body 1.2 is arranged above the furnace hearth 1.1 and is enclosed by a furnace body side wall 1.2.2 and a furnace body end wall 1.2.1 which are made of copper water jackets, the furnace body side wall 1.2.2 is divided into a lower section furnace body side wall which is vertically arranged and an upper section furnace body side wall which is obliquely arranged, and the top of the lower section furnace body side wall 1.2.2 is aligned with the bottom of the upper section furnace body side wall 1.2.2; the distance between the side walls 1.2.2 of the lower furnace body at the two sides is 2500mm, and the maximum distance between the side walls 1.2.2 of the two furnace bodies at the two sides, the upper sections of which are obliquely arranged, is 3900m; the height h2 of the shaft 1.2 is 3000mm.
The furnace body side wall 1.2.2, the furnace body end wall 1.2.1 and the slag partition wall 4 are formed by splicing a plurality of copper water jackets, a plurality of rows of large dovetail grooves 19 are horizontally arranged on the surface of the copper water jacket positioned in the furnace, and small dovetail grooves 20 are horizontally arranged between the adjacent large dovetail grooves 19; refractory bricks are embedded in the large dovetail grooves 19 and protrude out of the surfaces of the corresponding copper water jackets, and pouring materials 18 are filled in grooves formed between the adjacent refractory bricks and the small dovetail grooves 20. The length of the shaft depletion zone 10 is 6000mm and the overall length of the shaft 1.2 is 33000mm.
An arched slag channel 12 is arranged in the middle of the bottom of the slag partition wall 4.
The slag discharge port 8 is made of a U-shaped copper water jacket, and the height of the bottom surface of the slag discharge port is 700mm higher than that of the slag partition wall 4.
The side wall of the other side of the dilution zone 10 is provided with 2 primary air ports 5.
The hearth 1.3 is positioned above the furnace body 1.2 and is formed by encircling a hearth end wall 1.3.1 and a hearth side wall 1.3.2, the height h3 of the hearth 1.3 is 3000mm, the maximum width is 4500mm, the minimum width is 3900mm, the inner side 1.3.2 of the hearth side wall is in a step shape, the width of each step is 75mm, the height h4 of the hearth side wall at the lower part of a flue gas outlet is 3800mm, the hearth side wall 1.3.2 and the area of the hearth end wall 1.3.1 with the bottom surface upwards of 1000-1500mm are built by mixing 4 layers of flat copper water jackets 16 and refractory bricks 17, two observation ports 1.3.3 are respectively arranged on the two hearth end walls 1.3.1, and a row of secondary air ports 6 are respectively arranged on the hearth side walls 1.3.2 at the lower parts of the two flues.
A gap is left between the bottom surface of the hearth 1.3 and the top surface of the furnace body 1.2, and the gap is filled with a compressible refractory material, such as a refractory fiber board.
The furnace top 1.4 is arranged above the hearth 1.3 and comprises two symmetrically arranged furnace covers 1.4.1 which are respectively arranged at the two ends of the top of the hearth 1.3, a flue gas outlet 1.4.2 is arranged between the two furnace covers 1.4.1, and the flue gas outlet 1.4.2 is positioned in the middle of the furnace top and is communicated with a flue 2;
the furnace cover 1.4.1 comprises a plurality of arch-shaped steel water jackets lined with refractory materials, the steel water jackets are arranged side by side in the length direction of the furnace body 1, each set of furnace cover 1.4.1 is provided with 4 feed openings 9 and 14 secondary air openings 6, the feed openings 9 are arranged at the arch top at intervals and are connected with a feed hopper 3.3 of the feed unit 3, and the secondary air openings 6 are arranged on a single arch-shaped steel water jacket without the feed openings 9, and the number of the secondary air openings is two.
Two sets of symmetrically arranged blanking units 3 are respectively arranged on furnace covers 1.4.1 at two ends of a furnace top 1.4, each set of blanking unit 3 comprises a blanking belt 3.1, a plow discharger 3.2 and a blanking hopper 3.3, an outlet of the blanking hopper 3.3 is communicated with a blanking port 9, and the upstream of each set of blanking unit 3 is sequentially connected with a conveying belt, a metering belt and a storage bin to jointly form two sets of feeding and proportioning units with the same scale; each set of the batching unit is used for independently batching and delivering the batched furnace burden to the feed openings 9 of the two sets of furnace covers 1.4.1 respectively.
The flue gas outlet 1.4.2 is a copper water jacket structure formed by an upper flue gas enclosing wall 1.4.3 and a lower flue gas partition wall 1.4.4, and the flue gas partition wall 1.4.4 is clamped by the furnace cover 1.4.1 and the hearth side wall 1.3.2 and extends into and penetrates through the hearth 1.3.
The flue 2 is arranged at the upper part of the flue gas outlet 1.4.2 and is built by refractory materials, a gap is left between the bottom surface of the flue 2 and the top surface of the flue gas outlet 1.4.2, and the gap is filled with compressible refractory materials, such as refractory fiber boards.
The 'mixed building of the flat copper water jacket 16 and the refractory bricks 17' is that a plurality of layers of flat copper water jackets 16 with the same thickness as the refractory bricks 17 are built in a furnace wall, the flat copper water jackets 16 and the refractory bricks 17 are bonded into a whole by refractory clay without arranging a mechanism for supporting or fixing the flat copper water jackets 16, 2-5 layers of refractory bricks 17 are built between every two layers of the flat copper water jackets 16, and the width of the flat copper water jackets 16 is not more than the thickness of the furnace wall and is not less than 300mm.
Example 2:
the blowing smelting of the copper concentrate by the large-scale side-blown smelting furnace of the embodiment 1 comprises the steps of independently metering and batching the copper concentrate, fuel and quartz stone flux by the batching unit, and respectively conveying the copper concentrate, the fuel and the quartz stone flux into the two reaction zones 11; the total amount of oxygen-enriched air is independently measured by the flow meter 15 on the oxygen-enriched air main pipe 14 and then is respectively blown into the slag layers of the two reaction areas 11 through the primary air port 5, the melt above the primary air port 5 is violently stirred, the melting, the oxidation and the slag formation of furnace charge are rapidly completed, the matte has high density and falls into the hearth 1.1 to form a matte layer, the slag has low density and floats on the upper part of the matte layer to form a slag layer, and smelting smoke generated by reaction enters the hearth 1.3;
in conclusion, the oxygen-enriched air flow and the blanking amount of furnace burden in the two reaction areas are respectively measured and controlled, which is equivalent to respectively controlling two side-blown smelting furnaces with the capacity of 20 ten thousand tons/year to produce copper matte, slag and flue gas.
And the slag at the lower part of the primary tuyere 5 in the two reaction zones 11 enters the depletion zone 10 in the middle of the furnace body 1.2 through the bottom of the slag partition wall 4 under the siphoning action, the slag is further depleted in the processes of flowing and diffusing from bottom to top, the content of the slag is reduced, and the depleted slag rises to the slag discharge port 8 and then is discharged in a continuous overflow manner.
The copper matte falling into the lower part of the hearth 1.1 is continuously discharged through the siphon channel 7, and the height of the copper matte layer is lower than the slag partition wall 4 by adjusting the height of the siphon channel 7 according to the copper matte, the slag components and the height of the slag discharge port 8.
Smelting flue gas of the two reaction zones 11 respectively enters two in-furnace flue gas channels (a space below the furnace cover 1.4.1 and above the melt liquid level), is converged at the flue gas outlet 1.4.2 at a low flow rate and then enters the waste heat boiler through the flue 2, secondary air distribution is blown into the furnace through the hearth side wall 1.3.2 and the secondary air port 6 of the furnace cover 1.4.1, monomer sulfur and combustible substances in the flue gas are mixed and combusted with the secondary air distribution, and suspended particles and liquid drops in the flue gas are further settled under the action of a secondary air curtain on the furnace top in the flowing process so as to reduce the smoke dust rate.
And controlling the air quantity of secondary air distribution through the residual oxygen rate measured by the boiler flue gas outlet.
In this example, the main components of the copper concentrate are: copper content 22%, iron content 27%, sulfur content 30%, silicon dioxide content 10%;
main components of the quartz stone flux: the silicon dioxide content is 95%;
the main components of the fuel: fixed carbon content 83%;
the oxygen concentration of the oxygen-enriched air is 85 percent, and the oxygen concentration of the secondary air is 20 percent;
the feeding amount of the copper concentrate in each reaction zone is about 128t/h, the feeding amount of the quartz stone flux in each reaction zone is about 5t/h, and the primary air volume in each reaction zone is 28000-32000Nm 3 /h；
Controlling the grade of the matte to be 75 percent and the iron-silicon ratio of the blowing slag to be 2; controlling the furnace temperature to be 1300-1350 ℃ and the fuel rate to be 1.5-2%; controlling the blast pressure of primary air to be 0.12MPa, the blast pressure of secondary air to be 20kPa, the residual oxygen rate to be 3 percent and the secondary air rate to be 20000-30000Nm 3 /h。
After smelting, the yield of 75% grade matte is about 1700t/d, the slag yield is 3000-3500t/d, the slag copper content is 2%, and the smoke gas amount is 120000-130000Nm 3 The smoke rate is 1.5 percent.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Such as:
(1) The position of the slag chamber or the flue gas outlet 1.4.2 is adjusted, but the essence is that two relatively independent reaction zones 11 are divided by the slag chamber and the flue gas outlet 1.4.2.
(2) Every is down the furnace charge of hopper 3.3 to measure alone, or the oxygen boosting air mass flow of every wind gap 5 measures alone, the utility model discloses can realize the reasonable control of oxygen material ratio, the independent measurement of furnace charge and oxygen boosting air can not produce other beneficial effects except can increase the investment by a wide margin.
(3) Fine-tuning a specific structure, an arrangement mode or publishing a specific size of a certain place, such as: the positions and the sizes of orifices such as a primary air port 5, a secondary air port 6, a siphon channel 7, a slag discharge port 8, an emptying port and the like; the siphon channel has an angle of 7 degrees; the number of slag holes; the plate copper water jacket 16 and the refractory bricks 17 are mixed and built. The utility model has described the concrete implementation method, the implementation unit can be flexibly adjusted according to the production scale and the site conditions, and the adjustment and the publication of new parameters on the basis do not have novelty and innovation.
(4) If the furnace is matched with other converting furnaces such as a PS converter and the like, two ends of the furnace body 1 can be respectively provided with a siphon channel 7.
(5) The utility model discloses the process control detail is not explained, and the reason is that the process control of side-blown smelting furnace is mature technique, is not the main reason that restricts its macro-scale and use, so any new patent application publishes new process control parameter on the basis of this patent scheme and does not possess novelty and novelty.
Claims (16)
1. A large-scale side-blown smelting furnace which is characterized in that: the device comprises a furnace body, a flue and a discharging unit;
the furnace body is of a single-chamber structure and comprises a hearth, a furnace body, a hearth and a furnace top from bottom to top, two slag partition walls are vertically arranged between two side walls in the furnace body, the furnace body is penetrated by the two slag partition walls to separate a depletion area and two reaction areas, the depletion area is positioned in the furnace body between the two slag partition walls, and the two reaction areas are positioned in the furnace body on the opposite outer sides of the two slag partition walls;
primary air ports are horizontally arranged on two sides in the two reaction zones;
a siphon channel is arranged at one end of the hearth, and the outlet of the siphon channel is higher than the bottom surface of the slag partition wall; a slag discharge port is formed in one side in the depletion region;
a flue communicated with the hearth is arranged at the upper part of the furnace top and is positioned right above the lean area of the furnace body;
and a set of blanking units communicated with the hearth is respectively arranged at the two ends of the flue on the upper part of the furnace top.
2. The large-scale side-blown smelting furnace according to claim 1, wherein the primary tuyere is connected with an oxygen-enriched air main pipe through a branch pipe, and the oxygen-enriched air main pipe of each reaction zone is provided with a flow meter; the primary tuyere is made of a cone frustum-shaped copper water jacket, the height difference between the primary tuyere and the bottom surface of the slag discharge port is 300-600mm, and the drift diameter of the tuyere is 38-42mm.
3. A large side-blown smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hearth is defined by a hearth bottom, a hearth end wall and hearth side walls, the hearth bottom is of an inverted arch structure built by refractory bricks, the distance between the hearth side walls is 1700-2200mm, the height h1 of the hearth is 700-1300mm, and the area with 300-400mm downward top surfaces of the hearth end wall and the hearth side walls is built by mixing a flat copper water jacket and refractory bricks.
4. A large side-blown smelting furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that: the siphon is the ascending pore of slope, certainly the bottom of hearth headwall upwards, extends in the slope outward to run through the hearth headwall, outside the hearth headwall the refractory brick thickness around the siphon is not less than 500mm, the inclination of siphon is 25-35, siphon export distance the height h5 of hearth bottom is 1100-1800mm.
5. A large side-blown smelting furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that: the furnace body is formed by enclosing a furnace body side wall and a furnace body end wall which are made of copper water jackets, the furnace body side wall is divided into a lower section furnace body side wall which is vertically arranged and an upper section furnace body side wall which is obliquely arranged, and the top of the lower section furnace body side wall is aligned with the bottom of the upper section furnace body side wall; the distance between the side walls of the two lower sections of the furnace body is 300mm larger than the distance between the side walls of the furnace hearth, and the distance between the tops of the side walls of the upper sections of the furnace body is equal to the minimum width of the furnace hearth; the height h2 of the furnace body is 2500-4000mm.
6. A large side-blown smelting furnace according to claim 5, characterized in that: the furnace body side wall, the furnace body end wall and the furnace slag partition wall are formed by splicing a plurality of copper water jackets, a plurality of rows of large dovetail grooves are horizontally arranged on the surface of the copper water jacket positioned in the furnace, and small dovetail grooves are horizontally arranged between the adjacent large dovetail grooves; refractory bricks are embedded in the large dovetail groove and protrude out of the surface of the corresponding copper water jacket, and pouring materials are filled in a groove formed between every two adjacent refractory bricks and the small dovetail groove.
7. A large side-blown smelting furnace according to claim 6, characterized in that: and an arched slag channel is arranged in the middle of the bottom of the slag partition wall.
8. A large side-blown smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: the slag discharge port is made of a U-shaped copper water jacket, and the height of the bottom surface of the slag discharge port is 600-900mm higher than that of the bottom surface of the slag partition wall.
9. A large side-blown smelting furnace according to claim 5, characterized in that: and a primary air port is also arranged on the side wall of the furnace body in the depletion area.
10. A large side-blown smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hearth is formed by encircling a hearth end wall and hearth side walls, the height h3 of the hearth is 2000-3200mm, the width of the hearth is 3000-4500mm, the inner side of the hearth side wall is stepped, the height h4 of the hearth side wall at the lower part of the flue is 2800-4000mm, the hearth side wall and a region, with the bottom surface of 1000-1500mm upwards, of the hearth end wall and the hearth end wall are built by mixing flat copper water jackets and refractory bricks, observation ports are formed in the two hearth end walls, and a row of secondary air ports are formed in the two hearth side walls respectively.
11. A large side-blown smelting furnace according to claim 10, characterized in that: the furnace top comprises two sets of furnace covers which are respectively arranged at two ends of the top of the hearth, a flue gas outlet is arranged between the two sets of furnace covers, and the flue gas outlet is communicated with the flue;
the bell includes a plurality of inside lining refractory material's arch steel water jacket, the steel water jacket sets up side by side on furnace body length direction, and every set of bell all is equipped with a plurality of feed opening and secondary air port, the feed opening sets up the vault department of bell, and the interval arrangement is sheathe in at the steel water of difference.
12. A large side-blown smelting furnace according to claim 11, characterized in that: every the unloading unit includes unloading belt, plough tripper and hopper down, the export of hopper down with the feed opening intercommunication of bell, every the upper reaches of unloading unit connects gradually conveyor belt, measurement belt and feed bin, constitutes two sets of independent dosing units.
13. A large side-blown smelting furnace according to claim 11, characterized in that: the flue gas outlet is a copper water jacket structure formed by a lower flue gas partition wall and an upper flue gas enclosing wall, and the flue gas partition wall is clamped by the furnace cover and the side wall of the hearth and extends into and penetrates through the hearth.
14. A large side-blown smelting furnace according to claim 13, characterized in that: the flue is arranged at the upper part of the flue gas outlet and is built by refractory materials, and a gap is reserved between the bottom surface of the flue gas outlet and the top surface of the flue gas outlet.
15. A large side-blown smelting furnace according to claim 3 or 10, characterized by: the mixed masonry of the flat copper water jacket and the refractory bricks is characterized in that a plurality of layers of flat copper water jackets with the thickness equal to that of the refractory bricks are built in the furnace wall, the flat copper water jackets and the refractory bricks are bonded into a whole by refractory clay, a mechanism for supporting or fixing the flat copper water jackets is not required to be arranged, 2-5 layers of refractory bricks are built between every two layers of flat copper water jackets, and the width of each flat copper water jacket is not more than the thickness of the furnace wall and is not less than 300mm.
16. A large side-blown smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a gap is reserved between the hearth and the top of the furnace body.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115507651A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2022-12-23 | 赤峰云铜有色金属有限公司 | Large side-blown smelting furnace and smelting method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115507651A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2022-12-23 | 赤峰云铜有色金属有限公司 | Large side-blown smelting furnace and smelting method |
| CN115507651B (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2024-06-18 | 赤峰云铜有色金属有限公司 | Large side-blown smelting furnace and smelting method |
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