CN218247304U

CN218247304U - Bare-handed cranial awl

Info

Publication number: CN218247304U
Application number: CN202220337410.5U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 韩宁; 马明; 李莉; 马振军; 鹿伟; 马月华
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2022-02-20
Filing date: 2022-02-20
Publication date: 2023-01-10
Anticipated expiration: 2032-02-20

Abstract

The utility model discloses a bare-handed cranium awl, which comprises an awl head, an awl rod, a awl handle and a positioning sleeve, and is characterized in that the awl head consists of a breakthrough part, an expansion part and a forming part, three cutting edges and three chip storage grooves are uniformly distributed on the longitudinal right spiral of the awl head, the arc shape of the cutting edges is sunken inwards, the chip storage grooves are pocket-shaped with small mouth and large inside, the awl handle is in a round rod shape and is vertically connected with the awl rod, the positioning sleeve is sleeved outside the awl rod, and positioning scales are carved on the awl rod; the free-hand cranial awl of the utility model can be used for craniocerebral surgery craniotomy.

Description

Bare-handed cranial awl

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of medical equipment, relate to neurosurgery awl cranium operation medical equipment, concretely relates to bare-handed cranium awl.

Background

The cranium catheterization drainage operation is a common operation technique outside nerves, is particularly common in the operation treatment of acute hydrocephalus cranium ventricle puncture drainage, intracranial hematoma cranium puncture drainage, intracranial abscess cranium puncture drainage and the like, and often causes some problems due to the cranium awl in the cranium operation process: 1. the skull bone fragments are brought into the cranium, so that the bone fragments are moved to a brain tissue puncture channel, and further potential risks of intracranial infection are caused.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention designs a bare-handed cranial awl which comprises a awl head, an awl rod, an awl handle and a positioning sleeve, can reduce the bone fragment displacement to the brain tissue of the puncture channel, can well puncture the dura mater to avoid the epidural hematoma at the point of the skull, avoids the fracture of the distant part of the bone hole and reduces the blood vessel cutting, breaking and bleeding of the blood vessel.

The bare-handed cranial awl comprises an awl handle, an awl rod, an awl head and a positioning sleeve, wherein the awl rod and the awl head are integrally formed, the awl head consists of an awl head forming part, an awl head expanding part and an awl head breaking part, the main body of the awl head forming part is cylindrical, the main body of the awl head expanding part is circular truncated cone, the main body of the awl head breaking part is triangular pyramid, the edge of the triangular pyramid is passivated to avoid forming a cutting edge to cause cutting damage to dura mater and brain tissues when in use, one end of the awl head forming part is continued to the awl rod, the other end of the awl head forming part is continued to the awl head expanding part, the large bottom end of the awl head expanding part is continued to the awl head forming part, the small bottom end of the awl head is continued to the awl head expanding part, three cutting edges are uniformly and continuously and spirally distributed on the awl head forming part and the awl head expanding part, a scrap storage groove is arranged in front of each cutting edge and is accompanied with the scrap storage groove, the cutting edge and the cutting edge are right-handed spirals, the slope of the spiral is 30-45 degrees compared with the cross section, the three cutting edges are respectively continued with the edges of three triangular pyramids of the cone head breakthrough part, the cutting edge of the cone head forming part and the cone head breakthrough part is arc-shaped and sunken, the sunken distance of the tip of the cutting edge is 0.1-1 mm compared with the cutting edge on the circumferential edge of the cross section of the cone head main body, the cutting edge is in a bag shape with a small opening and a large inner part on the cross section of the cone head forming part and the cone head breakthrough part, the width of the opening of the cutting edge on the cross section is 1-3 mm, so that the skull bone fragments can be formed in a certain size and stored in the cutting edge without falling off, the conical handle is cylindrical and is vertically connected with the cylindrical conical rod, the conical rod is provided with two groups of positioning scales, the conical rod is continued with the conical head, the positioning sleeve is sleeved outside the conical rod and the conical head, the conical head is provided with a conical head breaking part, a conical head expanding part and a conical head forming part which are sequentially continued, so that a skull bone hole and a dura mater hole can be gradually expanded, the conical head breaking part of the triangular pyramid is used for breaking through the skull and the dura mater, skull scraps and the dura mater can be pushed to the periphery, bone scraps are reduced from being brought into the skull, meanwhile, epidural hematoma formed by separating the dura mater from the skull is reduced, in addition, after the edges of the triangular pyramid are passivated, a blade can be prevented from being formed, so that cutting injury to the dura mater and brain tissues is caused during use, hematoma is avoided after soft tissue blood vessel bleeding is damaged, conditions are created for the subsequent conical head expanding part to enter the skull and the dura mater, the small face end of the conical head expanding part of the circular truncated cone is continued after the conical head breaking part, and the conical head expanding part of the circular truncated cone is used for gradually expanding part for expanding the bone hole and the conical head, the cylindrical conical head forming part ensures that skull bone holes and dura mater holes reach the size required by an operation, three parts of the conical head supplement each other in turn as a premise, the conical head breakthrough part is the premise of the conical head expansion part, the conical head expansion part is the premise of the conical head forming part, meanwhile, the three parts of the conical head can play a good role only by coexisting with blades and chip storage grooves on the conical head forming part and the conical head expansion part, the uniformly distributed three blades and chip storage grooves can well cut off and store the skull in the chip storage grooves, the occurrence of bone fragment displacement is reduced, meanwhile, the blades and the chip storage grooves can well store bone fragments in the periphery of the chip storage grooves in the process that the skull back skull awl exits by a 30-45-degree right spiral, the blades are in arc-shaped invagination on the cross section, and the blades are more sunk in the blades on the cross section of the conical head main body than the blades on the cross section side of the conical head, so that the cutting effect on the skull can be kept Meanwhile, the cutting effect on dura mater and brain tissue is reduced, so that bone fragments are retained in the chip storage groove and the damage to soft tissue blood vessels is reduced, the chip storage groove is in a pocket shape with a small opening and a large opening, the bone fragments can be further stored in the chip storage groove, and the small groove opening can further reduce the cutting of the cutting edge on the soft tissue and reduce the damage to the soft tissue blood vessels. The coexistence of the three parts of the cone head breakthrough part, the cone head expansion part and the cone head forming part on the whole cone head and the three blades and the scrap storage grooves which are uniformly distributed on the right spiral ensures that the skull bone hole is gradually formed, so that the lateral force and the front pressure on the skull can be well reduced, and the risk of skull fracture can be reduced. In order to further reduce the side injury of brain tissue, the invention is provided with scales on the conical rod, and the depth of the cranial cone can be well controlled by combining the positioning sleeve, so that the injury of the blood vessel of the brain tissue can be further reduced.

Bare-handed skull awl, the position sleeve comes fixed position by set screw, two sets of location scales that position sleeve awl rod end corresponds, wherein a set of location scale is that awl head shaping portion exposes length for the distance of position sleeve awl head end to awl head enlargement portion represents, another set of location scale is that awl head all exposes length including awl head shaping portion, awl head enlargement portion and the whole part that exposes of awl head breakthrough portion, the position sleeve combines the control skull awl that the location scale can be fine and goes into intracranial degree, can reduce the damage to brain tissue.

According to the bare-handed skull taper, the diameter of a main body cylinder of the taper head forming part is 3-6 mm, the height of a main body circular truncated cone of the taper head expanding part is 1-2 mm, the height of a taper head breakthrough part triangular pyramid of the taper head is 1-2 mm, the diameter of the main body cylinder of the taper head forming part can be made into 3-6 mm according to the size requirement of an operative bone hole, the requirement of different diameters of the operative bone hole of 3-6 mm can be met, the height of the taper head expanding part circular truncated cone is made into 1-2 mm according to the diameter of the taper head forming part, the height of the taper head breakthrough part triangular pyramid is made into 1-2 mm, and the functions of the taper head breakthrough part and the taper head forming part are guaranteed while the taper head breakthrough part and the taper head forming part are gradually and smoothly transited from the taper head breakthrough part to the taper head expanding part.

As a further option of the invention, the conical rod and the conical head are integrally formed and made of TiW-Fe alloy to ensure the hardness and strength of the skull awl.

The invention also aims to provide a using method of the free-hand cranial awl, which specifically comprises the following steps:

s1, a patient is placed in a posture, a head operation part is marked, a routine disinfection and sheet laying is performed, anesthetic is injected, a scalpel cuts a 1-centimeter long incision, the position of a cranial cone positioning sleeve is adjusted, the positioning sleeve is provided with positioning scales, the exposed length of a cranial cone head forming part is 1.5-3.5 centimeters, the positioning screws fix the positioning sleeve, an operator holds a conical handle with hands, the conical head is propped against the skull, the conical handle is swung in a left-right rotating mode while slight force is applied, the conical head breaking part is made to penetrate into the skull, and the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cranial cone head and a conical rod, namely the direction of a puncture channel, can be adjusted before the conical head breaking part breaks through an inner skull plate and enters the cranium;

s2, after the directions of the conical head and the conical rod are adjusted, the conical handle is slowly and continuously rotated clockwise while exerting force, the stability of the directions of the conical head and the conical rod is kept in the process of craniotomy, the conical head and the conical rod cannot deviate from the puncture direction, the conical head and the conical rod cannot swing, the dura mater and the brain tissues around a puncture channel are prevented from being scratched by the tip of the conical head breakthrough part, and the craniotomy is successful when the conical head end of the conical head positioning sleeve reaches the scalp;

s3, continuously rotating the skull awl clockwise, slowly pulling out the skull awl, and finishing the skull awl.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the skull awl-shaped part and the skull awl-enlarged part of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-taper shank, 2-taper rod, 3-taper head, 4-taper head forming part, 5-taper head expanding part, 6-taper head breaking part, 7-cutting edge, 8-chip storage groove, 9-edge of triangular pyramid, 10-positioning scale, 11-positioning sleeve, 12-positioning sleeve taper rod end, 13-positioning screw, 14-positioning sleeve taper head end, 15-taper head forming part exposure length, 16-taper head full exposure length, 17-arc invagination, 18-body cross section circumferential edge, 19-cutting edge invagination distance and 20-chip storage groove opening.

Detailed Description

The method of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following detailed description of the drawings, it being understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the related invention and are not limiting.

Referring to fig. 1-2, a bare-handed cranial awl comprises an awl handle 1, an awl rod 2, an awl head 3 and a positioning sleeve 11, wherein the awl rod 2 and the awl head 3 are integrally formed, the awl head 3 consists of an awl head forming part 4, an awl head expanding part 5 and an awl head breaking-through part 6, three cutting edges 7 are uniformly and continuously and spirally distributed on the awl head forming part 4 and the awl head expanding part 5, a scrap storage groove 8 is respectively arranged in front of each cutting edge 7, the awl head 3 sequentially comprises the awl head breaking-through part 6, the awl head expanding part 5 and the awl head forming part 4 from the awl tip to the awl handle 1 direction and combines the cutting edges 7 and the scrap storage grooves 8 distributed on the awl head 3, and under the combined action of the structures, the technical problems that skull bone chips are brought into the skull in the operation process of the awl head are displaced into a brain tissue puncture channel to cause the bone chips, and the dura mater is separated from the skull to form external hematoma, the fracture is formed along a bone hole and the dura mater is damaged by dura mater and blood vessels of brain tissue can be reduced. The main body of the conical head forming part 4 is cylindrical, the main body of the conical head expanding part 5 is truncated cone-shaped, the main body of the conical head breaking-through part 6 is triangular pyramid-shaped, the edges 9 of the triangular pyramid are passivated to avoid forming blades to cause cutting injury to soft tissues such as dura mater and brain tissue when in use, one end of the conical head forming part 4 is continued with the conical rod 2, the other end of the conical head forming part 4 is continued with the conical head expanding part 5, the large bottom end of the conical head expanding part 5 is continued with the conical head forming part 4, the small bottom end of the conical head expanding part 5 is continued with the conical head breaking-through part 6, the conical head expanding part 5 and the conical head forming part 4, the skull pyramid is continuously rotated clockwise and force is continuously applied to the conical head 3 in the use process, the three parts of the conical head 3 sequentially pass through the skull bone hole and the dura mater, so that the skull bone hole and the dura mater can be gradually expanded, the triangular pyramid-shaped cone head breakthrough part 6 is used for breakthrough of the skull and the dura mater, skull chippings and the dura mater can be pushed to the periphery under the action of lateral force, bone chips are reduced from being brought into the cranium, meanwhile, epidural hematoma formed by separation of the dura mater and the skull is reduced, in addition, the edges of the triangular pyramid are passivated to avoid forming cutting edges to cause cutting damage to the dura mater and brain tissues when the triangular pyramid-shaped cone head breakthrough part is used, hematoma formed after blood vessel hemorrhage of injured soft tissues is avoided, the small face end of the cone head enlargement part 5 is continued to the cone head breakthrough part 6, the cone head enlargement part 5 in the shape of the circular truncated cone has the function of gradually enlarging skull bone holes and dura mater hole, the cylindrical cone head forming part 4 enables the skull bone holes and the dura mater hole to reach the size required by an operation, the three parts of the cone head are supplemented by the precondition in sequence, and the cone head breakthrough part is the precondition of the cone head enlargement part, the conical head expanding part is the premise of the conical head forming part. When the skull cone is used, the skull cone needs to rotate clockwise and applies the force of conical puncture towards the skull, when the skull cone rotates clockwise, the chip storage groove 8 is positioned in front of the cutting edge 7, the cutting edge 7 and the chip storage groove 8 are right spirals, the slope of the spiral is 30-45 degrees compared with the cross section, the three cutting edges 7 are respectively continued with the edges 9 of the three triangular pyramids of the cone head breakthrough part 6, the chip storage groove 8 is started from the small bottom end of the cone head enlargement part 5 and is continued with the bottom of the triangular pyramid of the cone head breakthrough part 6, the cutting edge 7 of the cone head forming part 4 and the cone head enlargement part 5 is in an arc-shaped inward recess 17 on the cross section, the circumferential distance 19 of the tip of the cutting edge 7 compared with the cutting edge 18 of the main cross section of the cone head 3 is 0.1-1 mm, in the using process, due to the hard elasticity of the skull, the dura mater and the brain tissue are soft and elastic, when the conical head forming part 4 and the conical head enlarging part 5 enter the skull, the dura mater and the brain tissue, under the action of force, the existence of the arc-shaped invagination 17 of the blade 7 can ensure that the blade 7 avoids cutting blood vessel soft tissues such as the dura mater and the brain tissue and simultaneously ensures that the skull enters the opening 20 of the chip storage groove and is cut off by the blade 7 and stored in the chip storage groove 8, on the cross section of the conical head forming part 4 and the conical head enlarging part 5, the chip storage groove 8 is in a pocket shape with a small opening and a large inside, the width of the opening 20 of the chip storage groove on the cross section is 1-3 mm, so that skull bone chips can be formed in a certain size and stored in the chip storage groove 8 without falling off, three parts of the conical head need to coexist with the blade 7 and the chip storage groove 8 on the conical head forming part 4 and the conical head enlarging part 5 to play a good role, the function, three uniformly distributed blades 7 and the chip storage groove 8 can well cut off and store the skull and reduce the occurrence of bone displacement, meanwhile, the cutting edge 7 and the chip storage groove 8 are right-handed at 30-45 degrees, so that in the process that the cranium posterior skull awl slowly and continuously rotates clockwise and gradually retreats, the bone chips can be well stored in the chip storage groove 8 and are carried out of the skull by an outward force, the chip storage groove 8 is in a pocket shape with a small mouth and a large inside, the bone chips can be further stored in the chip storage groove 8, and the small opening of the groove can further reduce the cutting of the cutting edge 7 on soft tissues and reduce the damage to soft tissue blood vessels. In the using process, the skull is slightly and forcibly pricked by a skull cone, the skull cone slowly and continuously rotates clockwise, the triangular cone-head breakthrough part 6 firstly breaks through the skull to gradually push the skull to the periphery, then the truncated cone-head enlargement part 5 enters the skull, the skull around the harder bone hole of the skull protrudes into the scrap storage groove 8 through the scrap storage groove opening 20 under the action of external force and is cut by the blade 7 to be stored in the scrap storage groove 8, then the cylindrical cone-head forming part 4 enters the skull to further cut the skull around the bone hole to enlarge the bone hole, meanwhile, the triangular cone-head breakthrough part 6 further enters the skull to pierce the dura mater and the brain tissue, the dura mater and the brain tissue puncture channel are further enlarged under the action of the continuous clockwise rotation force of the skull cone, the edge 9 of the triangular cone is passivated to not form a cutting effect on the dura mater and the brain tissue, then the cylindrical cone-head forming part 4 enters the dura hole and the brain tissue puncture channel, the soft and elastic dura and brain tissue penetrate the cutting edge 17 and the small scrap storage groove in the arc-shaped inner edge 20 of the skull, and the blade 7 and the skull is slowly and the cranial cone head end and the skull is positioned after the skull is slowly and the skull is removed, the skull, and the skull is a spiral burr head end and the skull is formed by the spiral burr and the skull.

Referring to fig. 1-2, a bare-handed skull taper, the cone head breakthrough portion 6 is a triangular pyramid, the three edges 9 of the triangular pyramid, the three edges 7 and the three chip storage grooves 8 on the cone head enlargement portion 5 and the cone head forming portion 4, the number of the cutting edges 7 is the same as that of the edges 9 of the triangular pyramid, and the smooth continuation of the cutting edges 7 and the edges 9 of the triangular pyramid can be realized only if the number of the cutting edges is the same as that of the edges 9 of the triangular pyramid. The sizes of corresponding parameters of the conical head forming part 4, the conical head expanding part 5, the conical head breaking-through part 6, the blade invagination distance 19 and the chip storage groove opening 20 are determined according to the operation requirements, for example, when the diameter of an operation bone hole is required to be 6 mm, the diameter of the conical head forming part 4 is 6 mm, the height of the truncated cone of the conical head expanding part (5) is 2 mm, the height of the triangular pyramid of the conical head breaking-through part 6 is 2 mm, the blade invagination distance 19 is 1 mm, the width of the chip storage groove opening 20 is 3 mm, the blade 7 and the chip storage groove 8 can be any value with the slope of a right spiral of 30-45 degrees, when the image data before the operation indicates that the thickness of the skull of the conical head part is 2 cm, the positioning sleeve 11 is positioned at the position where the conical head forming part exposure length 15 is equal to or slightly greater than 2 cm, and the conical head whole exposure length 16 is equal to or slightly greater than 2.4 cm; for example, when the diameter of the operative bone hole is required to be 3 mm, the diameter of the conical head forming part 4 is 3 mm, the height of the truncated cone of the conical head expanding part (5) is 1 mm, the height of the triangular pyramid of the conical head breaking part 6 is 1 mm, the inward recess distance 19 of the blade is 0.1 mm, the width of the opening 20 of the chip storage groove is 1 mm, the blade 7 and the chip storage groove 8 can be any value with the slope of the right spiral of 30-45 degrees, when the thickness of the skull at the conical head part is suggested to be 3 cm by the image data before the operation, the positioning sleeve 11 is positioned at the position where the exposed length 15 of the conical head forming part is equal to or slightly greater than 3 cm, and the whole exposed length 16 of the conical head is equal to or slightly greater than 3.2 cm, so that the depth of the conical head can be intuitively understood and unnecessary injury of cerebral tissue blood vessels can be reduced.

The utility model also provides an application method of above-mentioned bare-handed cranial awl, specifically includes following method:

s3, continuously rotating the skull awl clockwise, and slowly pulling out the skull to finish the skull-coning.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can obviously obtain simple changes or equivalent replacements of the technical solutions within the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bare-handed cranial awl comprises an awl handle (1), an awl rod (2), an awl head (3) and a positioning sleeve (11), and is characterized in that the awl rod (2) and the awl head (3) are integrally formed, the awl head (3) consists of an awl head forming part (4), an awl head expanding part (5) and an awl head breaking part (6), the main body of the awl head forming part (4) is cylindrical, the main body of the awl head expanding part (5) is truncated cone-shaped, the main body of the awl head breaking part (6) is triangular pyramid, edges (9) of the triangular pyramid are passivated to avoid forming cutting edges to cause cutting damage to dura mater and brain tissues when the triangular cranial awl head forming part is used, one end of the awl head forming part (4) is connected with the awl rod (2), the other end of the awl head forming part (4) is connected with the awl head forming part (5), the end of the large bottom surface of the awl head forming part (5) is connected with the awl head forming part (4), the small bottom surface of the awl head forming part (5) is connected with the awl head expanding part (6), the cutting edges (7) and the cutting edges (7) are connected with the awl head forming part (7) in front of the awl head forming part (7) along with a spiral cutting edge groove (8), when the cutting edges (7) and the cutting edges (7) are connected with a spiral cutting edge groove (7), the cutting edge groove (7) in a spiral cutting edge groove (8), and a spiral cutting edge groove (7) in a spiral groove (8), three cutting edges (7) are respectively continued with the edges (9) of three triangular pyramids of the cone head breakthrough part (6), a chip storage groove (8) is formed from the small bottom surface end of the cone head enlargement part (5) and is continued with the bottom of the triangular pyramid of the cone head breakthrough part (6), the cutting edges (7) of the cone head forming part (4) and the cone head enlargement part (5) are in arc-shaped inward depression (17) on the cross section, the tip of the cutting edges (7) is 0.1-1 mm in comparison with the cutting edge inward depression distance (19) of the circumferential edge (18) of the main cross section of the cone head (3), on the cross sections of the cone head forming part (4) and the cone head enlargement part (5), the chip storage groove (8) is in a bag shape with a small opening and a large opening, the width of the chip storage opening (20) on the cross section is 1-3 mm, so that skull bone chips can be formed in a certain size and stored in the chip storage groove (8) without falling off, the cone handle (1) is cylindrical and is vertically connected with the cone rod (2), two groups of the positioning sleeves (3) and the cone head (3) are positioned outside the cone head (3) and are continued with the cone head (3).

2. The free-hand cranial awl of claim 1, wherein the positioning sleeve (11) is fixed by a positioning screw (13), and the positioning sleeve awl rod end (12) corresponds to two sets of positioning scales (10), wherein one set of positioning scales (10) represents the exposed length (15) of the awl head forming part for the distance from the awl head end (14) of the positioning sleeve to the awl head expanding part (5), and the other set of positioning scales (10) represents the exposed length (16) of the awl head including the exposed parts of the awl head forming part (4), the awl head expanding part (5) and the awl head breaking part (6).

3. A bare-handed cranial awl according to claim 1 wherein the diameter of the main body cylinder of the molding portion (4) of the awl head (3) is 3-6 mm, the height of the main body circular truncated cone of the enlarging portion (5) of the awl head is 1-2 mm, and the height of the triangular pyramid of the breaking portion (6) of the awl head (3) is 1-2 mm.

4. A free-handed cranial awl according to claim 1, wherein the shaft (2) and head (3) are integrally formed of an alloy of titanium, tungsten and iron.