CN218034089U - Solar energy combined drying system - Google Patents
Solar energy combined drying system Download PDFInfo
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- CN218034089U CN218034089U CN202221975237.8U CN202221975237U CN218034089U CN 218034089 U CN218034089 U CN 218034089U CN 202221975237 U CN202221975237 U CN 202221975237U CN 218034089 U CN218034089 U CN 218034089U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a solar energy combined drying system, drying system includes: the photovoltaic power generation unit consists of a photovoltaic panel, a photovoltaic controller, a storage battery and an inverter; the drying unit is used for drying the materials in the drying chamber by utilizing solar heat; the heat collection unit comprises a heat collection manifold and a plurality of vacuum heat collection tubes, and the vacuum heat collection tubes are used for heating the gas in the guide-in tubes and then conveying the gas to the drying unit; the control unit comprises a main controller, an energy consumption monitor, a temperature and humidity monitor, an irradiation sensor and a position sensor and is used for controlling the solar combined drying system; and the energy storage unit comprises an energy storage chamber, a heat collector and an axial flow fan and is used for collecting and storing solar heat so as to supply heat to the drying unit. The utility model discloses a solar energy allies oneself with drying system has realized the dry all-weather operation of solar energy allies oneself with, to different weather, different illumination intensity carries out the automatic switch-over of different drying pattern, realizes unmanned on duty, all-weather operation.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an agricultural product processing technology field especially relates to a solar energy combined drying system.
Background
Traditional open solar drying (i.e. natural sun drying) is the most common method of processing agricultural products, where the material is laid in the sun to remove moisture. The method is simple to operate and low in drying cost, but the drying process is easily influenced by climate change and external environment, so that the dried product is easily subjected to secondary pollution of microorganisms, dust, rainwater and the like.
In addition to traditional open solar drying, drying techniques such as heat pump drying, freeze drying, infrared drying, etc. have also been widely used in the processing of food on an industrial scale. These technologies require large investments and are also associated with the consumption of large quantities of fossil fuels and the emission of greenhouse gases. Drying is an industrial operation unit with energy-intensive and high-temperature chamber gas emission, and the consumed energy accounts for about 7-15% of the total industrial energy consumption in one country. And the renewable energy is used for drying the agricultural products, so that the method can play an important role in food safety, low-carbon footprint, sustainable development and climate change inhibition. Thus, solar energy is a renewable energy source suitable for the drying of agricultural products.
The existing solar drying technology mainly comprises direct solar drying and indirect solar drying. Direct solar drying is accomplished directly by solar radiation; the indirect solar drying is provided with a solar heat collector and an independent drying chamber, and the heat energy of the heat collector is transferred to the drying chamber under the action of natural convection or forced convection.
The direct solar drying technology directly utilizes the radiation of sunlight, the solar drying temperature can periodically change along with the solar irradiation intensity and the environmental temperature, and the unsuitable drying temperature can cause adverse effect on the quality of a dried product. For example, excessively high drying temperatures can lead to severe color degradation and nutrient loss of the agricultural product materials, while excessively low drying temperatures for a long time can lead to adverse reactions such as fermentation and hydrolysis of high-moisture agricultural products.
The existing solar drying equipment has high weather requirement, when illumination is insufficient, the drying process is difficult to normally develop, the drying efficiency is reduced, the drying process is greatly prolonged, and the quality of agricultural products in the drying process is deteriorated. In addition, when the irradiation intensity is too high, even an extremely short high temperature may occur, which in turn may cause degradation of the nutritional components of the agricultural product and deterioration of the quality. The existing solar drying equipment lacks the functions of real-time online monitoring, analysis and feedback of system parameters, cannot realize online monitoring and real-time analysis of system parameters such as material temperature, humidity, environmental temperature, humidity, solar irradiation intensity, drying chamber temperature, humidity and the like, and dynamically regulate and control the equipment on line through a numerical simulation technology according to monitoring data.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Therefore, the to-be-solved technical problem of the utility model is to overcome the above-mentioned not enough that current solar drying technology exists, and then provide a solar energy and unite drying system.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
a solar energy integrated drying system, comprising: the photovoltaic power generation unit consists of a photovoltaic panel, a photovoltaic controller, a storage battery and an inverter and provides electric energy for the solar combined drying system; the drying unit is used for drying the materials in the drying chamber by utilizing solar irradiation heat; the heat collection unit comprises a heat collection manifold and a plurality of vacuum heat collection tubes, the heat collection manifold is communicated with the plurality of vacuum heat collection tubes, and the vacuum heat collection tubes heat the gas led into the tubes and then convey the gas to the drying unit; the control unit comprises a main controller, an energy consumption monitor, a temperature and humidity monitor, an irradiation sensor and a position sensor and is used for controlling the solar combined drying system; and the energy storage unit comprises an energy storage chamber, a heat collector and an axial flow fan and is used for collecting and storing solar heat so as to supply heat to the drying unit.
Preferably, the drying unit comprises a heat circulating fan, a moisture exhausting fan, the drying chamber and a frame; the drying unit is supported and fixed by the rack, the thermal circulation fan is driven by electric energy and regulated and controlled by the control unit, an air inlet of the thermal circulation fan is connected with an air outlet of the drying chamber through a pipeline, an air outlet of the thermal circulation fan is connected with an air inlet of the heat collection manifold on the heat collection unit through a first air supply pipeline, and an air outlet of the heat collection unit is communicated with an air inlet of the drying chamber through a pipeline; and an air outlet of the heat circulating fan is connected to an air inlet of the drying chamber through a second air supply pipeline.
Preferably, an electric heating assembly for heating the inlet air is arranged at the air inlet of the drying chamber, and the air flow conveyed by the air outlet of the heat collection unit and the second air supply pipeline flows back into the drying chamber after passing through the electric heating assembly.
Preferably, at least two layers of drying discs are arranged inside the drying chamber.
Preferably, the middle part of the drying chamber is of a cylindrical structure, and the two ends of the drying chamber gradually shrink along the end part extending outwards along the axis to form a wedge-shaped surface.
Preferably, two temperature sensors are arranged on each layer of drying disc, and the heights of the two temperature sensors on the same drying disc are different.
Preferably, the dehumidifying fan is installed on the rear vertical surface of the drying chamber, and a temperature and humidity sensor and a single valve for limiting external airflow from entering the drying chamber are installed in a pipeline outside the dehumidifying fan.
Preferably, the evacuated collector tubes and the collector manifolds on the collector unit are fixed on a collector support, and the collector support is further provided with a shading assembly for adjusting the heat collecting area of the collector vacuum tubes.
Preferably, the shading assembly comprises a roller shutter motor, a roller shutter and a guide rail, the roller shutter is laid on the upper surface of the evacuated collector tube, the guide rail guides the roller shutter to cover the whole or part of the upper surface of the evacuated collector tube, and the roller shutter motor is controlled by the control system.
Preferably, a heat insulation layer is arranged outside the heat collection manifold, and temperature and humidity sensors are respectively installed at the air inlet and the air outlet of the heat collection manifold.
Preferably, the shade assembly further comprises a position sensor for detecting a position of the roller shade.
Preferably, the heat collecting unit is provided with an irradiation sensor for detecting the irradiation intensity of sunlight.
Preferably, the heat collecting unit further comprises a heat collecting cylinder, the heat collecting cylinder is of a hollow structure, and two ends of the heat collecting cylinder are respectively provided with a through hole for pipeline connection; one end of the heat collecting cylinder is an air inlet and is connected with the first air supply pipeline through the heat collecting manifold; the other end of the heat collecting cylinder is an air outlet and is communicated with an air inlet of the electric heating assembly through a pipeline; the upper ends of a plurality of evacuated collector tubes are hermetically inserted into the heat collecting barrel, the heat collecting manifold is arranged in the heat collecting barrel, the air outlet of the heat collecting manifold is connected with the upper end of the first evacuated collector tube close to the heat collecting barrel, the upper ends of two adjacent evacuated collector tubes are communicated through an upper bent tube, the lower ends of two adjacent evacuated collector tubes are communicated through a lower bent tube, and the upper bent tube and the lower bent tube connect the evacuated collector tubes into a through air flow channel; the upper bent pipes are arranged in the heat collecting cylinder, each upper bent pipe is provided with a bent pipe electromagnetic valve, and the bent pipe electromagnetic valves are suitable for conducting the upper bent pipes or guiding air flow in the upper bent pipes into the heat collecting cylinder.
Preferably, the energy storage chamber is enclosed by an energy storage bin cover, an energy storage bin bottom and an energy storage bin wall, a plurality of energy storage parts are arranged in the energy storage bin cover, the energy storage bin bottom and the energy storage bin wall, and the energy storage chamber is filled with a phase change medium for storing heat.
Preferably, the energy storage bin cover, the energy storage bin bottom and the outer side of the energy storage bin wall are provided with heat insulation layers. The energy storage bin cover can be opened, and when the sunlight irradiation intensity is strong, the energy storage bin cover can be opened to directly absorb heat energy through sunlight.
Preferably, the air inlets and the air outlets of the units on the solar combined drying system are provided with temperature and humidity sensors.
Preferably, the valves arranged in the airflow pipelines of the units on the solar combined drying system are all electromagnetic valves, and the electromagnetic valves are regulated and controlled by the control unit.
Preferably, the control unit is connected with the Internet of things system, synchronously uploads the acquired and operated parameters, and establishes a database in a remote server.
The operation method of any solar energy combined drying system comprises the following steps:
s1: firstly, switching on power supplies of a main controller, an energy consumption monitor and a temperature and humidity monitor, setting drying process parameters, and reading data of a temperature sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, an irradiation sensor and a position sensor by the main controller;
s2: when the sunlight irradiation intensity is higher than the heat collection critical value, opening an energy storage bin cover, opening an electromagnetic valve of an air outlet of a first air supply pipeline and a heat collection unit, starting a thermal circulation fan in a solar hybrid drying mode, and enabling the drying temperature to quickly reach the target temperature lower limit value through combined operation of an electric heating assembly and the heat collection unit;
s3: putting the material to be dried into a drying chamber, preferentially using a solar heat collection system for heat supply, and when the irradiation intensity is insufficient, adopting an electric heating assembly for auxiliary heating; after the temperature in the drying chamber reaches the lower limit of a set value, the electric heating assembly is closed;
s4: the method comprises the following steps that (1) as the irradiation intensity rises, after the temperature of a drying chamber reaches a target value, a roller shutter motor is started, the roller shutter motor is started once every preset time, the relative position of a roller shutter is dynamically adjusted in real time according to the temperature of the drying chamber and the data of a position sensor, the heat collection area is matched with the set temperature of the drying chamber, and the temperature is accurately controlled;
s5: when the drying temperature value is set to be lower, the ambient temperature rises along with the rise of the solar radiation intensity at noon, the rolling curtain system is completely started, the heat collection area is 0, and when the temperature of the temperature and humidity sensor at the air outlet of the heat collection unit is still greater than the upper limit of the temperature requirement of the drying chamber, the electromagnetic valve of the air outlet of the first air supply pipeline and the electromagnetic valve of the air outlet of the heat collection unit are closed, the electromagnetic valve in the second air supply pipeline is opened, and the temperature of the drying chamber is kept in a low-temperature state by adopting ambient heating; if the temperature is still over-temperature in the mode, an exhaust electromagnetic valve at a protective air port of the drying chamber can be opened, and direct-exhaust cooling is adopted to further ensure accurate temperature control under the low-temperature drying condition;
s6: along with the periodic fall back of the illumination intensity, the electromagnetic valves of the first air supply pipeline and the air outlet of the heat collection unit are opened again, the electromagnetic valve in the second air supply pipeline is closed, the solar hybrid drying mode is started again, and the temperature is controlled accurately by dynamically adjusting the heat collection area of the heat collection unit;
and S7, when night operation or weather conditions change, the energy storage system is started as an auxiliary energy supply system firstly to provide heat energy for the drying system, and the drying system can adopt constant-temperature drying or variable-temperature drying and simultaneously combines humidity control to carry out continuous drying operation at night and under severe weather conditions.
The utility model has the advantages that:
1. the utility model discloses a solar energy allies oneself with drying system has realized the dry all-weather operation of solar energy federation, to different weather, different illumination intensity carries out the automatic switch-over of different drying pattern, realizes unmanned on duty, all-weather operation.
2. The utility model discloses a green renewable energy of solar energy combined drying system make full use of assists heat, energy storage system based on roll curtain control system, heat collecting area automatic adjustment system, electrical heating to through online real time monitoring of multi-parameter, analysis and control, through numerical simulation technique, based on multi-parameter real-time data, adopt leading regulation and control technique to carry out accurate control to drying temperature, avoided the drying temperature because of the temperature overshoot phenomenon that illumination intensity and environmental parameter change lead to.
3. The utility model discloses a required electric energy of solar energy combination drying system, heat energy, mechanical energy all utilize solar energy to carry out direct thermal-arrest or conversion and supply with, have reduced the fossil energy resource consumption of equipment and greenhouse gas's emission by a wide margin, have realized green energy-saving production, have reduced dry operation cost simultaneously.
4. The utility model discloses a solar energy allies oneself with drying system not only is favorable to increasing drying efficiency through the accurate regulation and control to drying temperature, also will promote the product quality simultaneously.
5. The utility model discloses a solar energy unites drying system combines to roll up curtain system through online real-time position analysis to adopt the guide rail operational mode to combine the damping design, can real-time accurate analysis, judge, adjust the position of rolling up curtain system, and avoided external wind direction change to lead to heat collecting area's fluctuation by a wide margin, further guaranteed the accurate regulation and control of drying temperature.
6. The utility model discloses a solar energy allies oneself with drying system has adopted operation efficient energy storage system, can judge energy storage system temperature and thermal-arrest system temperature relation in real time through the control unit, and energy storage system can compare according to thermal-arrest data and energy storage bottom storehouse monitoring data's intelligence, realizes closing and opening of energy storage system automatically, effectively guarantees the energy storage system forward energy storage, improves the utilization efficiency of heat energy and mechanical energy.
Drawings
In order that the present invention may be more readily and clearly understood, reference is now made to the following detailed description of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of a solar energy integrated drying system of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a solar integrated drying system (without heat storage units) of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a solar integrated drying system heat storage unit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an energy storage chamber in a heat storage unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the heat collecting unit of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures denote:
11-a photovoltaic panel; 12-a photovoltaic controller; 13-a storage battery; 14-inverter composition; 21-a thermal cycle fan; 22-a moisture removal fan; 23-a drying chamber; 232-drying plate; 24-an electrical heating assembly; 25-a frame; 26-a first air supply duct; 27-a second supply air duct; 210. 230, 310-air inlet; 211. 231, 311-air outlets; 31-a heat collecting manifold; 32-vacuum heat collecting pipes; 33-a heat collecting support; 34-a heat collecting cylinder; 35-bending the pipe upwards; 36-lower elbow; 37-a bent-tube electromagnetic valve; 41-a main controller; 42-an energy consumption monitor; 43-temperature and humidity monitor; 51-an energy storage chamber; 511-energy storage bin cover; 512-energy storage bin bottom; 513-walls of energy storage silos; 514-energy storage part; 515-a rotating shaft; 516-a heat exchange inlet; 517-heat exchange outlet; 52-a heat collector; 53-axial flow fan; 54-hot air circulation pipe; 61. 62-a pipeline; 71-a roller shutter motor; 72-roller shutter; 73-a guide rail; 74-position sensor; 75-an irradiation sensor; 81. 82, 83, 84, 85, 86-temperature sensors; 801. 802, 803, 804, 805, 806, 807, 808-temperature and humidity sensors; 90. 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99-solenoid valves.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1-2, the solid arrows indicate the direction of solar radiation and the open arrows indicate the direction of airflow. The solar energy combined drying system comprises a photovoltaic power generation unit, a drying unit, a heat collection unit, a control unit and an energy storage unit, wherein the photovoltaic power generation unit consists of a photovoltaic panel 11, a photovoltaic controller 12, a storage battery 13 and an inverter 14 and provides electric energy for the whole solar energy combined drying system; the drying unit is used for drying materials in the drying chamber by utilizing solar heat and comprises a thermal circulation fan 21, a moisture exhaust fan 22, the drying chamber 23, an electric heating assembly 24 and a rack 25; the drying unit is supported and fixed by a frame 25, the thermal cycle fan 21 is controlled by a control unit to provide electric energy for driving and is controlled by the control unit, an air inlet 210 of the thermal cycle fan 21 is connected with an air outlet 231 of the drying chamber 23 through a pipeline 61, an air outlet 211 of the thermal cycle fan 21 is connected with an air inlet 310 of a heat collecting manifold on a heat collecting unit through a first air supply pipeline 26, and an air outlet 311 of the heat collecting unit is communicated with an air inlet 230 of the drying chamber 23 through a pipeline 62; an air outlet 211 of the heat cycle fan 21 is connected to an air inlet 230 of the drying chamber 23 through a second air supply duct 27; the heat collecting unit comprises a heat collecting manifold 31 and a plurality of evacuated solar collector tubes 32, the heat collecting manifold 31 conducts the plurality of evacuated solar collector tubes 32, namely the upper ends of the evacuated solar collector tubes 32 are respectively inserted into the tube of the heat collecting manifold 31, the lower ends of two adjacent evacuated solar collector tubes are connected through a bent tube, so that the plurality of evacuated solar collector tubes 32 are connected into a through airflow channel, the evacuated solar collector tubes 32 heat the gas inside after being irradiated by sunlight, and then the gas in the tubes is conveyed to the drying unit; the control unit comprises a main controller 41, an energy consumption monitor 42 and a temperature and humidity monitor 43 and is used for controlling the solar combined drying system; the energy storage unit comprises an energy storage chamber 51, a heat collector 52 and an axial flow fan 53, and is used for collecting and storing solar heat so as to supply heat to the drying unit.
In order to further improve the drying performance, an electric heating assembly 24 for heating the inlet air is disposed at the air inlet 230 of the drying chamber 23, and the air flow delivered by the air outlet 311 of the heat collecting unit and the second air supply duct 27 flows back into the drying chamber 23 after passing through the electric heating assembly 24. The electric heating assembly and the heat collection unit are coordinated and matched with each other, so that the temperature of gas entering the drying chamber is further increased, and the drying effect on the material is improved.
The drying chamber 23 of this embodiment is provided with three layers (the number of layers can be set according to actual requirements) of drying trays 232; the middle part of the drying chamber 23 is of a cylindrical structure, the cross section of the drying chamber is preferably of a rectangular or square structure, and the two ends of the drying chamber 23 gradually shrink along the end part of the axis extending outwards to form a wedge-shaped projection so as to ensure that the flow field in the drying chamber is uniform. Two temperature sensors are respectively arranged on each layer of drying disc 232, the temperature sensors on the three layers of drying discs are 81, 82, 83, 84, 85 and 86 respectively, the heights of the temperature sensors on the same drying disc 232 are different, one temperature sensor is arranged in the material, the other temperature sensor extends to the surface of the material, the temperatures of the inner part and the surface of the material to be dried can be detected in real time, and the drying process can be controlled conveniently.
The dehumidifying fan 22 of this embodiment is installed on the rear vertical surface of the drying chamber 23, and a temperature and humidity sensor and a single valve for limiting external airflow to enter the drying chamber are installed in a pipeline outside the dehumidifying fan 22.
The evacuated collector tube 32 and the collector manifold 31 of the collector unit of the embodiment are fixed on a collector support 33, and the collector support 33 is further provided with a shade assembly for adjusting the heat collecting area of the evacuated collector tube. The shading assembly of this embodiment includes a roller shutter motor 71, a roller shutter 72, a guide rail 73, roller shutter 72 follows evacuated collector tube 32's upper surface is laid, guide rail 73 guides roller shutter 72 will evacuated collector tube 32's upper surface is whole or partial to be covered, the roller shutter motor by control system control to reach the purpose of adjusting the intraductal gas of solar radiation heating through the control roller shutter to evacuated collector tube's coverage volume (also heat collecting area). In order to facilitate heat preservation, a heat preservation layer is arranged outside the heat collection manifold 31, and temperature and humidity sensors are respectively installed at the air inlet and the air outlet of the heat collection manifold 31 so as to master the humidity and the temperature of inlet and outlet air of the heat collection unit in real time. The sunshade assembly of this embodiment further includes a position sensor 74 for detecting a covering position of the roll screen, and the roll screen motor is turned on or off as required by grasping the covering position of the roll screen to adjust the heating efficiency of the heat collecting unit. The solar heat collecting unit is provided with an irradiation sensor for detecting the irradiation intensity of sunlight, and the irradiation sensor can collect the irradiation intensity of the sunlight in real time. Two sides of a bottom support shaft of the roller shutter 72 are sleeved on the guide rails 73, and a damping design is adopted, so that the roller shutter can keep relatively static with the guide rails at any time when the roller shutter motor stops working.
Referring to fig. 1 and 5, in order to show the structure inside the heat collecting cylinder, fig. 1 and 5 show the heat collecting cylinder as a transparent structure, while in real production, the heat collecting cylinder is an opaque structure. The heat collecting unit further comprises a heat collecting cylinder 34, the heat collecting cylinder 34 is of a hollow structure, and two ends of the heat collecting cylinder 34 are respectively provided with a through hole for pipeline connection of an air inlet and an air outlet; one end of the heat collecting cylinder 34 is an air inlet (the right end in fig. 5), and is connected with the first air supply pipeline through the heat collecting manifold 31; the other end (the left end shown in fig. 5) of the heat collecting cylinder 34 is an air outlet and is communicated with an air inlet of the electric heating assembly 24 through a pipeline; the upper ends of a plurality of evacuated collector tubes 32 are hermetically inserted into the collector tube 34, the collector manifold 31 is disposed in the collector tube, the air outlet of the collector manifold 31 is connected with the upper end of the first evacuated collector tube 32 close to the upper end, the upper ends of two adjacent evacuated collector tubes 32 are communicated through an upper bent tube 35, the lower ends of two adjacent evacuated collector tubes 32 are communicated through a lower bent tube 36, and the upper bent tube 35 and the lower bent tube 36 connect the plurality of evacuated collector tubes 32 into a through air flow channel; the upper bent pipe 35 is disposed in the heat collecting cylinder 34, each upper bent pipe 35 is provided with a bent pipe solenoid valve 37, and the bent pipe solenoid valve 37 is adapted to conduct the upper bent pipe or guide the airflow in the upper bent pipe 35 into the heat collecting cylinder 34, and then directly flow into the drying chamber from the inner cavity of the heat collecting cylinder 34. In order to facilitate the precise control of the drying process, an electromagnetic valve may be disposed at the connection between the heat collecting manifold 31 and the first evacuated collector tube, so as to guide the air flow entering from the heat collecting air tube into the evacuated collector tube or directly into the heat collecting tube (without heating by the evacuated collector tube) through the adjustment of the electromagnetic valve.
Through the structural optimization of the heat collection unit, the upper end of the vacuum heat collection pipe is provided with the upper bent pipe and the bent pipe electromagnetic valve, so that the vacuum heat collection pipe of the heat collection unit is subjected to sectional control, the heat collection area (namely the number of the vacuum heat collection pipes participating in heating and guiding air flow) can be adjusted in real time according to the requirements of the temperature and the energy of the drying chamber, and the heat collection area is matched with the roller shutter mechanism to realize quick dynamic adjustment, the accurate and instant adjustment of a wide-range can be realized from 0 to 100 percent, the accurate and real-time regulation and control of the temperature can be realized, the temperature control precision is higher, the response block is provided, and meanwhile, the sectional storage of heat can be realized.
The heat collecting manifold of the embodiment is used for connecting the upper ends of the evacuated collector tubes, the upper ends of the evacuated collector tubes are creatively provided with the upper bent tubes, the bent tube electromagnetic valves and the heat collecting cylinders, so that segmented control of the whole heat collecting vacuum tube pipeline is realized, and the upper bent tubes, the bent tube electromagnetic valves, the heat collecting cylinders and the heat collecting manifold substantially form the manifold for connecting the upper ends of the evacuated collector tubes together.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 3-4, the energy storage chamber 51 is formed by enclosing an energy storage bin cover 511, an energy storage bin bottom 512 and an energy storage bin wall 513, the energy storage bin cover 511 is hinged to the energy storage bin wall 513 through a rotating shaft 515, a plurality of energy storage portions 514 are arranged in the energy storage bin cover 511, the energy storage bin bottom 512 and the energy storage bin wall 513, the energy storage portions 514 exchange heat through a heat exchange inlet 516 and a heat exchange outlet 517, and phase change media materials for storing heat are filled in the energy storage portions 514. In order to facilitate heat preservation, heat preservation layers are arranged on the outer sides of the energy storage bin cover 511, the energy storage bin bottom 512 and the energy storage bin wall 513. In addition, in order to facilitate heat preservation of all pipelines, all pipelines of the solar combined drying system are provided with heat preservation layers.
The energy storage unit passes through heat collector 52 and collects heat energy, and heat collector 52 is solar collector, through axial fan 53, heated air circulation pipeline 54 with solar energy transformation heat energy storage in energy storage portion 514, the heat preservation has been stored in the outside of energy storage room 51, can store the heat energy of collecting in the heat collector by the efficient, supply irradiation intensity not enough or dry use night.
Temperature and humidity sensors 801, 802, 803, 804, 805, 806, 807 and 808 are arranged at air inlets and air outlets of all units on the solar combined drying system. The valves arranged in the air flow pipelines of the units on the solar combined drying system are all electromagnetic valves, such as 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 and 99, and the electromagnetic valves 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 and 99 are regulated and controlled by the control unit. The electromagnetic valve, the temperature and humidity sensor, the temperature sensors 81, 82, 83, 84, 85 and 86, the position sensor and the irradiation sensor are all connected with the control unit, so that the temperature, humidity and other data of each key control point in the drying process can be monitored in real time, and data support and action basis are provided for the main controller to execute the operations of electric heating, solar heat collection starting and heat dissipation of dehumidification operation.
The operation method of the solar combined drying system of the embodiment is as follows:
s1: firstly, switching on power supplies of a main controller, an energy consumption monitor and a temperature and humidity monitor, setting drying process parameters, and reading data of a temperature sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, an irradiation sensor and a position sensor by the main controller;
s2: when the sunlight irradiation intensity is higher than the heat collection critical value, opening an energy storage bin cover, opening an electromagnetic valve of an air outlet of a first air supply pipeline and a heat collection unit, starting a thermal circulation fan in a solar hybrid drying mode, and enabling the drying temperature to quickly reach the target temperature lower limit value through combined operation of an electric heating assembly and the heat collection unit;
s3: putting the material to be dried into a drying chamber, preferentially using a solar heat collection system for heat supply, and when the irradiation intensity is insufficient, adopting an electric heating assembly for auxiliary heating; after the temperature in the drying chamber reaches the lower limit of a set value, the electric heating assembly is closed;
s4: with the increase of the irradiation intensity, after the temperature of the drying chamber reaches a target value, a roller shutter motor is started, the roller shutter motor is started once every preset time, the relative position of a roller shutter is dynamically adjusted in real time according to the temperature of the drying chamber and the data of a position sensor, the matching of the heat collection area and the set temperature of the drying chamber is ensured, and the accurate temperature control is realized;
s5: when the drying temperature value is set to be lower, the ambient temperature also rises along with the rise of the solar radiation intensity at noon, the rolling curtain system is completely started, the heat collection area is 0 at the moment, and when the temperature of the temperature and humidity sensor at the air outlet of the heat collection unit is still greater than the upper limit of the temperature requirement of the drying chamber, the electromagnetic valve of the first air supply pipeline and the electromagnetic valve of the air outlet of the heat collection unit are closed, the electromagnetic valve in the second air supply pipeline is opened, and the temperature of the drying chamber is kept in a low-temperature state by adopting ambient heating; if the temperature is still over-temperature in the mode, an exhaust electromagnetic valve at a protective air port of the drying chamber can be opened, and direct-exhaust cooling is adopted to further ensure accurate temperature control under the low-temperature drying condition;
s6: along with the periodic fall back of the illumination intensity, the electromagnetic valves of the first air supply pipeline and the air outlet of the heat collection unit are opened again, the electromagnetic valve in the second air supply pipeline is closed, the solar hybrid drying mode is started again, and the temperature is controlled accurately by dynamically adjusting the heat collection area of the heat collection unit;
and S7, when night operation or weather conditions change, the energy storage system is started as an auxiliary energy supply system firstly to provide heat energy for the drying system, and the drying system can adopt constant-temperature drying or variable-temperature drying and simultaneously combines humidity control to carry out continuous drying operation at night and under severe weather conditions.
With reference to fig. 1-5, the operation method of the solar combined drying system of the embodiment is as follows:
firstly, the power supplies of the main controller 41, the energy consumption monitor 42 and the temperature and humidity monitor 43 are switched on, drying process parameters are set, and the main controller 41 reads data of the temperature sensors, the temperature and humidity sensors 801-808, the irradiation sensors and the position sensors on each layer of drying discs in the drying chamber. When the irradiation intensity of sunlight is higher than the critical value of heat collection, the energy storage bin cover 511 is opened, the electromagnetic valves 84 and 86 are opened, a solar hybrid drying mode is adopted, the thermal circulation fan 21 is started, the electric heating assembly 24 and the heat collection unit are combined to enable the drying temperature to quickly reach the lower limit value of the target temperature, then the materials to be dried are placed (the solar heat collection unit is preferentially used for supplying heat in the drying process, when the irradiation intensity is insufficient, the heat energy of the energy storage system can be utilized, when the energy storage heat is insufficient, electric heating is adopted for auxiliary heating, after the temperature in the drying chamber 23 reaches the lower limit of the set value, the electric heating assembly is closed), the roller shutter motor 71 is started when the irradiation intensity rises and the drying temperature reaches the target value, the roller shutter motor is started once every preset time such as 5s, the relative position of the roller shutter 72 is dynamically adjusted in real time according to the temperature of the drying chamber and the data of the position sensor 74, the electromagnetic valves of the heat collection tubes are opened or closed to adjust the effective use areas of the heat collection tubes, the matching of the areas and the set temperatures of the drying chamber is ensured, and the accurate temperature control is realized. When the drying temperature value is set to be lower, the ambient temperature also rises along with the rise of the solar radiation intensity at noon, the roller shutter system is completely started to completely cover the vacuum heat collecting tube (the heat collecting area is 0 at the moment), when the temperature of the temperature and humidity sensor 803 is still greater than the upper limit required by the temperature of the drying chamber, the magnetic valves 83 and 85 are opened, the magnetic valves 84 and 86 are closed, the environment heating is adopted to keep the temperature of the drying chamber in a low-temperature state, if the temperature is still over-temperature in the mode, the magnetic valve 82 can be opened, and the direct-exhaust cooling is adopted to further ensure the accurate temperature control under the low-temperature drying condition. And (3) along with the periodic fall of the illumination intensity, reopening the electromagnetic valves 84 and 86, closing the electromagnetic valves 83 and 85, starting the solar hybrid drying mode again, and controlling the temperature accurately by dynamically adjusting the heat collection area in the control mode.
In order to solve the periodical change of the illumination intensity and the unable thermal-arrest of carrying on night, the utility model discloses energy storage unit has still been configured to realize the dry continuity of operation of solar energy, reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission simultaneously. When the operation is carried out at night or the weather condition changes, the energy storage unit is firstly started as an auxiliary energy supply system to provide heat energy for the drying system, and the drying system can adopt constant-temperature drying or variable-temperature drying and simultaneously combines a humidity control strategy to carry out continuous drying operation at night and under severe weather conditions.
The utility model discloses a thermal-arrest unit's evacuated collector tube has carried out segment control, can be according to drying chamber temperature and demand of energy, adjust heat collecting area immediately to in with the cooperation of roll curtain mechanism, realize quick dynamic adjustment, and can follow 0% -100% and realize wide domain range's accurate instant adjustment, can realize the accurate real-time regulation and control of temperature, the temperature control precision is higher, the response piece can realize thermal segmentation simultaneously and store.
The control system part: the equipment is matched with the Internet of things system, and multi-region and multi-parameter synchronous data uploading can be realized. And simultaneously starting and operating a plurality of solar combined drying equipment distributed in different areas, carrying out remote data acquisition under different conditions, and establishing a database in a remote server. And further analysis of equipment performance and processing in different environments and even different materials provides neural network predictions. The predicted result provides basis for further equipment improvement and real-time adjustment of process parameters.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only for explaining the technical solution of the present invention in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and those skilled in the art should understand that all the modifications and substitutions based on the above-mentioned principle and spirit should be within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A solar-powered integrated drying system, comprising:
the photovoltaic power generation unit consists of a photovoltaic panel, a photovoltaic controller, a storage battery and an inverter and provides electric energy for the solar combined drying system;
the drying unit is used for drying the materials in the drying chamber by utilizing solar heat;
and the heat collection unit comprises a heat collection manifold and a plurality of vacuum heat collection tubes, the heat collection manifold is communicated with the plurality of vacuum heat collection tubes, and the vacuum heat collection tubes heat the gas in the guide tube and then convey the gas to the drying unit.
2. A solar energy drying system as defined in claim 1, wherein: the drying unit comprises a thermal circulation fan, a moisture exhaust fan, the drying chamber and a frame; the drying unit is supported and fixed by the rack, the thermal circulation fan is driven by electric energy and is regulated and controlled by the control unit, an air inlet of the thermal circulation fan is connected with an air outlet of the drying chamber through a pipeline, an air outlet of the thermal circulation fan is connected with an air inlet of the heat collection manifold on the heat collection unit through a first air supply pipeline, and an air outlet of the heat collection unit is communicated with an air inlet of the drying chamber through a pipeline; and an air outlet of the heat circulating fan is connected to an air inlet of the drying chamber through a second air supply pipeline.
3. A solar energy drying system as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and an air inlet of the drying chamber is provided with an electric heating assembly for heating inlet air, and an air outlet of the heat collection unit and air flow conveyed by the second air supply pipeline both flow back to the inside of the drying chamber after passing through the electric heating assembly.
4. A solar energy drying system as claimed in claim 3, wherein: at least two layers of drying disks are arranged in the drying chamber, two temperature sensors are arranged on each layer of drying disk, and the heights of the two temperature sensors on the same drying disk are different; the middle part of the drying chamber is of a cylindrical structure, and the two ends of the drying chamber gradually shrink along the end part of the axis extending outwards to form a wedge-shaped surface.
5. A solar energy drying system as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the dehumidifying fan is installed on the rear vertical face of the drying chamber, and a temperature and humidity sensor and a single valve used for limiting external airflow to enter the drying chamber are installed in a pipeline on the outer side of the dehumidifying fan.
6. A solar energy drying system as defined in claim 5, wherein: the vacuum heat collecting tubes and the heat collecting manifold on the heat collecting unit are fixed on a heat collecting support, and the heat collecting support is also provided with a shading assembly for adjusting the heat collecting area of the vacuum heat collecting tubes; the heat collecting system is characterized in that a heat insulating layer is arranged outside the heat collecting manifold, and temperature and humidity sensors are respectively installed at the air inlet and the air outlet of the heat collecting manifold.
7. A solar energy drying system as defined in claim 6, wherein: the heat collecting unit also comprises a heat collecting cylinder, the heat collecting cylinder is of a hollow structure, and two ends of the heat collecting cylinder are respectively provided with a through hole for pipeline connection; one end of the heat collecting cylinder is an air inlet and is connected with the first air supply pipeline through the heat collecting manifold; the other end of the heat collecting cylinder is an air outlet and is communicated with an air inlet of the electric heating assembly through a pipeline; the upper ends of a plurality of evacuated collector tubes are hermetically inserted into the heat collecting barrel, the heat collecting manifold is arranged in the heat collecting barrel, the air outlet of the heat collecting manifold is connected with the upper end of the first evacuated collector tube close to the heat collecting barrel, the upper ends of two adjacent evacuated collector tubes are communicated through an upper bent tube, the lower ends of two adjacent evacuated collector tubes are communicated through a lower bent tube, and the upper bent tube and the lower bent tube connect the evacuated collector tubes into a through air flow channel; the upper bent pipe is arranged in the heat collection cylinder, each upper bent pipe is provided with a bent pipe electromagnetic valve, and the bent pipe electromagnetic valves are suitable for conducting the upper bent pipes or guiding air flow in the upper bent pipes into the heat collection cylinder.
8. A solar energy drying system as defined in claim 7, wherein: the shading assembly comprises a roller shutter motor, a roller shutter and a guide rail, the roller shutter is laid along the upper surface of the vacuum heat collecting tube, the guide rail guides the roller shutter to completely or partially cover the upper surface of the vacuum heat collecting tube, and the roller shutter motor is controlled by the control unit; the shade assembly further includes a position sensor for detecting a position of the roller shade; and the heat collection unit is provided with an irradiation sensor for detecting the irradiation intensity of sunlight.
9. A solar energy drying system as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the drying device also comprises an energy storage unit, wherein the energy storage unit comprises an energy storage chamber, a heat collector and an axial flow fan and is used for collecting and storing solar heat so as to supply heat to the drying unit;
the energy storage chamber is enclosed by energy storage cang gai, energy storage storehouse bottom, energy storage bulkhead and closes and forms, energy storage cang gai all be provided with a plurality of energy storage portions in the energy storage storehouse bottom in the energy storage bulkhead, the outside all is provided with the heat preservation, the intussuseption of energy storage portion is filled with the phase change medium who is used for the storage heat.
10. A solar energy drying system as claimed in claim 2, wherein: temperature and humidity sensors are arranged at air inlets and air outlets of all units on the solar combined drying system; and valves arranged in the airflow pipelines of all units on the solar combined drying system are all electromagnetic valves, and the electromagnetic valves are regulated and controlled by the control unit.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115615152A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2023-01-17 | 中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所 | Solar combined drying system and operation method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115615152A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2023-01-17 | 中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所 | Solar combined drying system and operation method thereof |
| WO2024021175A1 (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2024-02-01 | 中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所 | Solar combined drying system and operation method therefor |
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