CN202281480U - Greenhouse type double-heat-collection double-heat-insulation solar heat pump drying device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a greenhouse type double heat collection double heat preservation solar heat pump drying device for drying materials by using solar energy, which comprises a drying unit, a solar heat collection unit composed of a self heat collection unit and an external heat collection unit, An auxiliary heating unit composed of a heat pump, a condensation and dehumidification waste heat recovery unit, and an automatic monitoring and control unit. The drying device effectively improves the utilization rate of solar energy, overcomes the instability of solar energy, ensures the continuity of the drying process, and improves the drying efficiency. The drying and dehydration process is clean, hygienic and energy-saving, and can effectively overcome the disadvantages of pollution, decolorization, deterioration and energy consumption caused by conventional sun exposure and traditional energy drying of agricultural and sideline products. It has positive significance for developing new energy, improving the processing quality of agricultural and sideline products, promoting circular economy and protecting the ecological environment.

Description

Greenhouse type double heat collection double heat preservation solar heat pump drying device

technical field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of solar energy utilization, and relates to a greenhouse type double heat collection and double heat preservation solar heat pump drying device for drying materials by using solar energy.

Background technique

Drying operations are widely used in many sectors of industrial and agricultural production. In agricultural and sideline product processing, food industry, chemical industry, pharmaceutical and other industries, in order to facilitate use, transportation and storage, many products must be dried and processed, which requires a huge amount of conventional equipment. energy. According to relevant data reports, the energy consumption used in industrial and agricultural production drying operations will account for 5%-10% of the total energy consumption of the national economy. Under normal circumstances, most of the drying methods for materials use conventional energy such as coal, fuel oil, and electricity to provide heat energy. On the one hand, it consumes a lot of energy, costs high in drying, and causes serious environmental pollution. More importantly, in today's shortage of conventional energy It does not meet the requirements of low-carbon economy and sustainable development. Utilizing abundant solar energy is one of the important ways to solve the energy crisis. my country is a country rich in solar energy, and the effective use of solar energy is of great significance to our country. The drying technology developed in recent years using solar energy as a heat source generally has problems such as low utilization rate of solar energy, low efficiency, long drying cycle, and large investment. Such as the patent: solar medicinal material drying device (ZL200320105243.9) is composed of preheating room, drying room, preparation room, etc., solar drying device for seafood (ZL200820201812.2) is composed of glass room, seafood drying rack, Dehumidification device, heat-absorbing floor, etc., the above-mentioned devices have problems such as single solar heat collection source, unsatisfactory heat collection effect, poor heat preservation effect, unable to guarantee continuous drying at night or in rainy days, and low degree of waste heat recovery and utilization. Patent: A new type of solar fruit drying room (200820105243.9) uses a coal-fired hot air stove as an auxiliary heat source, which consumes conventional energy and pollutes the environment, which is not in line with the development of a low-carbon economy. Therefore, it is particularly urgent to develop new solar drying technology.

Utility model content

The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the problems existing in the prior art, and to provide a greenhouse-type double heat collection and double heat preservation solar heat pump drying device with high utilization rate of solar energy, fast drying speed and continuous drying.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

A greenhouse-type double heat collection and double heat preservation solar heat pump drying device, including a drying unit and a solar heat collection unit, wherein the solar heat collection unit is composed of a self heat collection unit and an external heat collection unit, and the self heat collection unit The unit is located above the drying unit, and the external heat collecting unit is located on one side of the drying unit.

The drying unit includes a drying chamber, a light-absorbing shell and a material support arranged in the drying chamber;

The self-heating unit includes a light-transmitting plate and a solar greenhouse, and the solar greenhouse is surrounded by a light-transmitting plate and a light-absorbing shell of a drying unit;

The external heat collecting unit includes a solar heat collector, a water pump, a heat preservation water tank, a circulation pump and a cooling fin, and the solar heat collector, a water pump and a heat preservation water tank are connected through water pipes to form a closed loop. and the heat preservation water tank are connected through water pipes to form another closed circuit, and the heat sink is arranged in the drying chamber of the drying unit.

The entire drying device adopts a narrow and long greenhouse structure, so the drying chamber is in a tunnel structure, which facilitates the advancement and release of material supports.

The external heat collecting unit also includes a control valve, and the control valve is connected in a closed circuit formed by the solar heat collector, the water pump and the heat preservation water tank, which facilitates the control of the external heat collecting unit.

In addition to water, the heat storage medium in the thermal insulation water tank may also use a mixture of water and ionic liquid, a biphenyl mixture, or heat-conducting oil. After the solar heat collector collects heat, it stores the heat in the heat storage medium in the heat preservation water tank. When encountering rainy days or nights, the heat preservation water tank can continue to heat the drying unit through the cooling fins. At this time, the heat preservation water tank is It can be used as an auxiliary heat source for the drying device.

The light-transmitting board can be made of polycarbonate solar board or double-layer glass board, and the light-absorbing shell is made of aluminum board coated with solar selective absorbing paint. In order to increase the thermal insulation effect at night, a thermal insulation quilt is provided on the top of the light-transmitting board. When the temperature drops at night, the insulation can be opened and covered on the surface of the entire light-transmitting panel. The bottom of the drying chamber is provided with a thermal insulation floor, and the thermal insulation floor is made of polystyrene board.

The light-transmitting board, solar greenhouse and thermal insulation are composed of the outer thermal insulation layer of the drying device, and the light-absorbing shell and the thermal insulation ground are composed of the inner thermal insulation layer of the drying device. Constitute the double insulation unit of the present utility model together.

The greenhouse type double heat collection and double heat preservation solar heat pump drying device also includes an auxiliary heating unit, the auxiliary heating unit includes a heat pump and a circulation pump, the heat pump is composed of a heat pump main unit and a heat pump auxiliary unit, the heat pump main unit, the circulation pump and the heat preservation water tank are connected through water pipes to form a closed circuit, and the heat pump auxiliary machine is located in the drying room. The heat pump is a dual heat source heat pump with the air around the heat pump host and the heat storage medium in the heat preservation water tank as the heat source. The heat pump host absorbs the low-grade heat in the heat source and converts it into high-grade heat, and then transfers the heat to the In the heat pump auxiliary machine, the heat pump auxiliary machine provides auxiliary heating to the drying unit in the form of hot air.

The greenhouse-type double heat collection and double heat preservation solar heat pump drying device also includes a condensing dehumidification waste heat recovery unit, and the condensing dehumidification waste heat recovery unit includes a dehumidification passage, a frequency conversion dehumidification fan, a condensation chamber, a heat exchange pipe, a condensation conduit and a hot air Conduit; the condensing chamber is provided with a circulating working fluid inlet and a circulating working medium outlet, the heat exchange pipe is located in the condensing chamber and communicates with the bottom of the condensing chamber, one end of the dehumidification channel is located in the drying chamber of the drying unit, and the other One end communicates with the heat exchange pipe through the frequency conversion dehumidification blower, the condensation conduit protrudes from the bottom of the condensation chamber and communicates with the heat preservation water tank, and the hot air conduit protrudes from the bottom of the condensation chamber and communicates with the drying chamber. The hot and humid air generated during the drying process enters the heat exchange pipe through the dehumidification channel for condensation, and the condensed water drops to the bottom of the condensation chamber and enters the heat preservation water tank through the condensation pipe. The dry and hot air after dehumidification continues to enter through the hot air pipe in the drying room. In order to improve the condensation efficiency, the heat exchange pipes are arranged in a staggered manner in the condensation chamber. The condensing and dehumidifying waste heat recovery unit can condense the hot and humid air in time and guide the dehumidified hot air into the drying chamber, so as to maximize the recovery and utilization of waste heat and the rapid dehydration of materials.

The circulating working fluid used in the condensing chamber is a mixture of water and ethanol or the cold air discharged from the main unit of the heat pump, and the volume ratio of the water and ethanol is 1:1-6.

The greenhouse-type double-collector and double-insulation solar heat pump drying device also includes an automatic monitoring and control unit, the automatic monitoring and control unit is composed of a temperature sensor installed on the thermal insulation water tank, a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor installed in the drying room, and an automatic monitoring and control unit. It consists of a temperature sensor and a general controller next to the heat pump host. The automatic monitoring and control unit can monitor and record the temperature and humidity changes in the drying process online, grasp the drying situation in real time, and control the work of the frequency conversion dehumidification fan and auxiliary heating unit through the set temperature and humidity values. According to the characteristics of the material, the working mode of segmental drying is set, and the moisture is removed in the interval, which optimizes the drying process and reduces labor input.

To sum up, the beneficial effects of the utility model are: the use of double heat collection and double heat preservation systems effectively improves the utilization rate of solar energy; the use of heat preservation water tanks and double heat source heat pumps as auxiliary heat sources can overcome the instability of solar energy and ensure the The continuity of the drying process further improves the utilization rate of solar energy; the use of condensation and dehumidification waste heat recovery unit can maximize the continuous utilization of hot air, accelerate the dehydration of materials, further reduce energy loss, and improve drying efficiency; the use of automatic monitoring control unit can be based on Changes in temperature, humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, etc. make real-time adjustments to the drying process to optimize the drying process.

In addition, the utility model mainly uses solar energy to provide a heat source, and the materials are dried and dehydrated in a closed drying room, which is suitable for low-temperature drying and dehydration of various agricultural and sideline products, seafood, Chinese medicinal materials and other materials. Moreover, the dried materials are retained or maintained to the greatest extent in terms of product quality, color, and active ingredients. The drying and dehydration process is clean, hygienic and energy-saving, and can effectively overcome the disadvantages of pollution, decolorization, deterioration and energy consumption caused by conventional sun exposure and traditional energy drying of agricultural and sideline products. It has positive significance for developing new energy, improving the processing quality of agricultural and sideline products, promoting circular economy and protecting the ecological environment.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model;

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the condensation chamber of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is further described.

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, a greenhouse-type double-collection and double-insulation solar heat pump drying device includes a drying unit, a solar heat collection unit, an auxiliary heating unit, a condensing and dehumidifying waste heat recovery unit, and an automatic monitoring and control unit. The solar heat collecting unit is composed of a self heat collecting unit and an external heat collecting unit, the self heat collecting unit is located above the drying unit, and the external heat collecting unit is located on one side of the drying unit; the drying unit is composed of a drying unit Chamber 14, light-absorbing shell 12 and material support 9 arranged in the drying chamber 14, and the bottom of the drying chamber 14 is provided with a thermal insulation floor 11 made of polystyrene board; the self-heating unit is composed of light-transmitting Plate 13 and solar greenhouse 15, the solar greenhouse 15 is surrounded by the light-absorbing shell 12 of the light-transmitting plate 13 and drying unit; the light-transmitting plate 13 is made of polycarbonate solar panels or double-layer glass panels, the The light-absorbing shell 12 is composed of an aluminum plate coated with a solar selective absorbing paint, and the top of the light-transmitting plate is also provided with a thermal insulation quilt 17; the external heat collection unit is composed of a solar heat collector 1, a water pump 3, a control valve 2, and a thermal insulation water tank. 4. Circulating pump 6 and heat sink 10 are composed. The solar heat collector 1, water pump 3, control valve 2 and heat preservation water tank 4 are connected through water pipe 31 to form a closed loop. The circulation pump 6, heat sink 10 and heat preservation The water tank 4 communicates with the water pipe 33 to form another closed circuit, and the heat sink 10 is arranged in the drying chamber 14 of the drying unit, and the heat storage medium in the heat preservation water tank 4 is water. The auxiliary heating unit is composed of a heat pump and a circulation pump 19. The heat pump is composed of a heat pump main unit 7 and a heat pump auxiliary unit 8. The heat pump main unit 7, the circulation pump 19 and the heat preservation water tank 4 are connected through a water pipe 32 to form a closed loop. The heat pump auxiliary machine 8 is located in the drying chamber.

The condensation and dehumidification waste heat recovery unit is composed of a dehumidification passage 16, a frequency conversion dehumidification fan 18, a condensation chamber 22, a heat exchange pipe 21, a condensation conduit 25 and a hot air conduit 26; the condensation chamber 22 is provided with a circulating working medium inlet 23 and the circulating working medium outlet 20, the heat exchange pipes 21 are located in the condensation chamber 22 and communicate with the bottom of the condensation chamber 22, and the heat exchange pipes 21 are arranged in a staggered manner in the condensation chamber 22, and one end of the dehumidification channel 16 is located at In the drying chamber 14 of the drying unit, the other end communicates with the heat exchange pipe 21 through the frequency conversion dehumidification blower 18. The condensation conduit 25 protrudes from the bottom of the condensation chamber 22 and communicates with the heat preservation water tank 4. The hot air conduit 26 connects with the The bottom of the condensation chamber 22 protrudes and communicates with the drying chamber 14 . The condensing and dehumidifying waste heat recovery unit uses the mixture of ethanol and water or the cold air discharged from the heat pump host as the circulating working medium. When the mixture of ethanol and water is used, the volume ratio of water and ethanol is 1:3.

The greenhouse-type double-collector double-insulation solar heat pump drying device also includes an automatic monitoring control unit, the automatic monitoring control unit consists of a temperature sensor 5 located on the thermal insulation water tank 4 and a temperature sensor 27 located in the drying chamber 14. And humidity sensor 28, the temperature sensor 24 that is located at the side of heat pump main frame 7 and general controller 29 to form. the

When the sunshine is normal on a sunny day, the sunlight passes through the light-transmitting panel 13 and the solar greenhouse 15 made of polycarbonate solar panels or glass panels, and reaches the light-absorbing shell 12 made of aluminum panels coated with solar selective absorption coatings to realize the anti-drying process. The direct heating of the drying chamber 14, and the light-transmitting plate 13 and the solar greenhouse 15 also constitute the outer insulation layer of the drying unit. In addition, the solar heat collector 1 of the external heat collecting unit continuously heats the water in the thermal insulation water tank 4 through water circulation, and the thermal insulation water tank 4 heats the drying chamber 14 through the water circulation between the cooling fins 10 at the same time. The material 30 to be dried is placed on the material support 9 provided with pulleys at the bottom, and then the material support 9 is pushed into the drying chamber 14 for drying. As the drying process progresses, the relative humidity in the entire drying chamber 14 rises. At this time, according to different material characteristics, a relative humidity value that controls the work of the frequency conversion dehumidification blower 18 is set in advance in the automatic monitoring control unit. When the humidity sensor 28 detects that the humidity in the drying chamber 14 is higher than the set value, the frequency conversion dehumidification blower 18 is automatically turned on to carry out the condensation dehumidification operation; when the relative humidity in the drying room is lower than the set value, the frequency conversion The humidifier is off. When the frequency conversion dehumidification blower 18 is working, the hot and humid air in the drying chamber 14 is extracted into the heat exchange pipe 21 in the condensation chamber 22 through the dehumidification passage 16, and the hot and humid air is mixed with the heat exchange pipe 21 in the condensation chamber 22 when passing through the heat exchange pipe 21. The circulating working fluid undergoes heat exchange. At this time, the water vapor in the hot and humid air is condensed and discharged into the heat preservation water tank 4 through the condensed water conduit 25 . The condensed hot and dry air continues to enter the drying chamber 22 through the hot air duct 26 .

In addition, the optimal drying temperature T- ₁ required by a material is set in the automatic monitoring control unit. As the drying process proceeds, when the energy provided by sunlight is sufficient to make the temperature in the drying chamber 14 reach or exceed the set When the optimum drying temperature T- ₁ is set, the heat pump does not start, and the self-collecting unit and the external heat-collecting unit provide heat sources for the drying unit, otherwise the heat pump starts at the same time. In addition, since the temperature of the air around the heat pump host 7 is too high, it is easy to cause the problem of low efficiency of the heat pump. Therefore, in the automatic monitoring control unit, a maximum heat pump operating temperature T- ₂ is set. When the temperature sensor 24 detects that the heat pump host 7 When the ambient temperature exceeds the set temperature value T- ₂ , the heat pump main machine 7 and the heat pump auxiliary machine 8 also stop working.

When there is not enough sunlight in rainy days or at night, and when the temperature sensor 27 detects that the temperature in the drying chamber 14 is lower than the optimal drying temperature T- ₁ , the heat pump is automatically turned on, and the surrounding air and heat preservation of the heat pump host 7 The water in the water tank 4 is used as heat source. In the automatic monitoring control unit, set a maximum operating temperature T- ₃ of the circulating pump 19, when the temperature sensor 5 monitors the temperature of the thermal insulation tank 4 exceeding the maximum operating temperature T- ₃ of the circulating pump 19, the circulating pump 19 does not start And stop the water supply to the heat pump host 7, and now the heat pump host 7 only uses the surrounding air as a heat source. When the sky is cloudy or at night, the thermal water tank 4 is also used as an auxiliary heat source for the drying chamber 14, and the stored heat is provided to the drying chamber 14 through the cooling fins 10. In addition, when the temperature is cooling down at night, the greenhouse heat preservation quilt 17 can be opened and covered on the entire surface of the light-transmitting plate 13 for heat preservation.

In the automatic monitoring and control unit, each temperature sensor and humidity sensor transmit the measured temperature value and humidity value into the total controller 29, and then the total controller 29 sends out the frequency conversion dehumidification fan 18, heat pump and circulation pump 19. The setting of the work order can be realized by those skilled in the art according to the existing sensing technology and the above-mentioned function description, so it will not be described in detail here. The automatic monitoring and control unit can also add functional modules to monitor and record changes in the instantaneous solar radiation and wind speed online, and then control the frequency conversion dehumidification blower 18, the circulation pump 19 and the work of the heat pump through the set temperature and humidity values, and according to the The working mode of segmental drying for different settings of materials is used for interstitial dehumidification.

The following is an example of the drying process from July 19 to July 20, 2011:

Time: 2011.7.19—7.20 Weather: cloudy to sunny Temperature: 18--34 ^o C

Location: Lanzhou, Gansu, 36°03′N, 103°49′E

Greenhouse orientation: due south, the overall volume of the drying device is 20m ³ and the volume of the drying room is 15m ³

The volume of circulating working medium in the condensation chamber is 8L

The circulating working fluid is a mixture of water and ethanol with a volume ratio of 1:3.

The test materials were collected in May 2011 from fresh red Fuji apples and defective fruits in Qingyang, Gansu, with soluble solid content of 20.5%-24.1%, hardness of 8.7㎏/㎡～10.1㎏/㎡, moisture content of 75% ~80%.

Process flow: apple → cleaning → peeling, core removal, slicing → color protection → draining → feeding → dehydration → dehydrated apple slices.

Test method: Spread 10kg of apple slices on each material support for dehydration test until the moisture content of the fruit slices drops to about 15%. During the experiment, the relative humidity values were set to 20%, 10%, and 5% in the automatic monitoring and control unit, and the switch of the frequency conversion dehumidification blower 18 was automatically controlled to achieve segmental dehumidification. Set the optimal drying temperature value T- ₁ in the automatic monitoring control unit to 45 ^o C, when the heat provided by the solar energy is not enough to reach the optimum drying temperature of apples at 45 ^o C, the heat pump main unit 7 and heat pump auxiliary unit 8 are automatically turned on , when the temperature in the drying chamber 14 exceeds 45 ^o C, the heat pump main machine 7 and the heat pump auxiliary machine 8 are automatically shut down. At 18:00 in the afternoon of the same day, open the thermal insulation quilt 17 and cover it on the surface of the light-transmitting plate 13 . Night heat pump, heat preservation water tank 4, cooling fin 10 start working as auxiliary heat source.

Experimental results: The total drying time required to reduce the moisture content of 50kg apples from 80% to 15% is 20 hours. The dried apple slices have good color, uniform dry humidity and no pollution.

Claims (8)

1. two insulation solar heat heat pump drying units of the two thermal-arrests of a greenhouse type; Comprise drying unit and solar energy heating unit; It is characterized in that: said solar energy heating unit by from the thermal-arrest unit with outside the thermal-arrest unit constitute; The said drying unit top that is positioned at from the thermal-arrest unit, said outer thermal-arrest unit is positioned at drying unit one side

Said drying unit comprises drying chamber (14), extinction shell (12) and is located at the Material and article holding frame (9) in the drying chamber (14);

Said light-passing board (13) and the solar energy greenhouse (15) of comprising from the thermal-arrest unit, said solar energy greenhouse (15) is surrounded by the extinction shell (12) of light-passing board (13) with drying unit;

Said outer thermal-arrest unit comprises solar thermal collector (1), water pump (3), attemperater (4), circulating pump (6) and fin (10); Said solar thermal collector (1), water pump (3) and attemperater (4) are communicated with through water pipe (31) and form a closed-loop path; Said circulating pump (6), fin (10) and attemperater (4) are communicated with through water pipe (33) and form another closed-loop path, and said fin (10) is located in the drying chamber (14) of drying unit.

2. the two insulation solar heat heat pump drying units of the two thermal-arrests of greenhouse type according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: also comprise the assistant heating unit; Said assistant heating unit comprises heat pump and circulating pump (19); Said heat pump is made up of heat pump main frame (7) and heat pump subsidiary engine (8), and said heat pump main frame (7), circulating pump (19) and attemperater (4) are communicated with through water pipe (32) and form the closed-loop path, and said heat pump subsidiary engine (8) is positioned at drying chamber (14).

3. the two insulation solar heat heat pump drying units of the two thermal-arrests of greenhouse type according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that: also comprise dehumidification by condensation waste heat recovery unit, said dehumidification by condensation waste heat recovery unit comprises hydrofuge passage (16), frequency conversion wet-emitting blower (18), condensation chamber (22), heat exchanging pipe (21), condensation pipe (25) and hot-blast conduit (26); Said condensation chamber (22) is provided with cycle fluid inlet (23) and cycle fluid outlet (20); Said heat exchanging pipe (21) is positioned at condensation chamber (22) and is communicated with condensation chamber (22) bottom; Said hydrofuge passage (16) one ends are positioned at the drying chamber (14) of drying unit; The other end is communicated with heat exchanging pipe (21) through frequency conversion wet-emitting blower (18); Said condensation pipe (25) stretches out from condensation chamber (22) bottom and is communicated with attemperater (4), and said hot-blast conduit (26) stretches out from condensation chamber (22) bottom and is communicated with drying chamber (14).

4. the two insulation solar heat heat pump drying units of the two thermal-arrests of greenhouse type according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said light-passing board (13) top is provided with insulation quilt (17).

5. the two insulation solar heat heat pump drying units of the two thermal-arrests of greenhouse type according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the bottom of said drying chamber (14) is provided with thermal-insulation floor (11).

6. the two insulation solar heat heat pump drying units of the two thermal-arrests of greenhouse type according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said outer thermal-arrest unit also comprises control valve (2), and said control valve (2) is connected in the closed-loop path that is made up of solar thermal collector (1), water pump (3) and attemperater (4).

7. the two insulation solar heat heat pump drying units of the two thermal-arrests of greenhouse type according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: said heat exchanging pipe (21) is staggered arranging in condensation chamber (22).

8. the two insulation solar heat heat pump drying units of the two thermal-arrests of greenhouse type according to claim 2; It is characterized in that: it also comprises the automatic monitoring control module, said automatic monitoring control module by be located at temperature sensor (5) on the attemperater (4), be located at temperature sensor (27) and humidity sensor (28) in the drying chamber (14), the temperature sensor (24) and the master controller (29) that are located at heat pump main frame (7) next door form.

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