CN217981867U - Scintillator structure, PET scintillator array and PET scanning device - Google Patents
Scintillator structure, PET scintillator array and PET scanning device Download PDFInfo
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- CN217981867U CN217981867U CN202221407189.2U CN202221407189U CN217981867U CN 217981867 U CN217981867 U CN 217981867U CN 202221407189 U CN202221407189 U CN 202221407189U CN 217981867 U CN217981867 U CN 217981867U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a scintillator structure, PET scintillator array and PET scanning apparatus. The scintillator structure comprises a scintillator crystal, wherein the scintillator crystal is provided with a light-emitting surface, a plurality of micro channels are formed in the light-emitting surface, and the micro channels extend along the length direction of the scintillator crystal. When a scintillation photon of a radioactive ray strikes (or strikes) the scintillator, the scintillator may scintillate to emit light. The scintillator can absorb the energy of radioactive scintillation photons, and convert the absorbed energy into visible light, through set up a plurality of microchannels in the scintillator crystal, when the particle of incidenting interacted with the crystal, the scintillation photon that produces can constantly take place refraction and reflection in the microchannel, and jet out from the play plain noodles along the microchannel, do not have the scintillator crystal of microchannel in comparing inside, the optical path of scintillation photon from producing to shooting out the in-process along the play plain noodles has been reduced, and then shortened the flight time of scintillation photon, reach the effect that improves the time resolution ability of scintillator crystal.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a scintillator detector correlation technique field especially relates to a scintillator structure, PET scintillator array and PET scanning equipment.
Background
After the scintillator crystal absorbs high-energy particles or rays, scintillation photons can be generated to emit light, so that the scintillator detector is widely applied to multiple fields of high-energy physics, nuclear detection, nuclear medical instruments and the like, wherein time resolution is one of main performance characteristics;
the flight time measurement technology applied to the field is to measure the flight time difference of particles or rays by utilizing the time resolution capability of a detector, and the performance characterization or reconstruction precision of a detected object can be greatly improved by higher flight time resolution;
the time resolution of the scintillator detector is mainly determined by the performances of the crystal, the sensor, the signal processing circuit structure and the like. For a crystal structure, methods for improving the time performance of a detector at present comprise surface polishing, adding of high-reflection materials on the crystal surface, design of a special crystal array arrangement mode, coupling between crystals and the like, but the improvement effect of the methods on the time resolution capability of the detector is limited.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a scintillator structure, a PET scintillator array, and a PET scanning device capable of improving the time resolution of the scintillator detector, in order to solve the problem of how to improve the time resolution of the scintillator detector, further reduce the time for scintillation photons to reach the photosensor, and reduce the time jitter introduced by the crystal itself.
The utility model provides a scintillator structure, including the scintillator crystal, the scintillator crystal has a play plain noodles, a serial communication port, a plurality of microchannels have been seted up on the play plain noodles, the microchannel is followed the length direction of scintillator crystal extends
When a high energy particle of radioactive radiation (e.g., gamma rays) hits (or strikes) a scintillator, the scintillator may scintillate to emit light. The scintillator may absorb energy of radioactive particles (e.g., gamma rays) and convert the absorbed energy into visible light. Above-mentioned scintillator structure, through seting up a plurality of microchannels in the scintillator crystal, when the particle of incident interacts with the crystal, the scintillation photon of production can constantly take place refraction and reflection in the microchannel to jet out from the play plain noodles along the microchannel, compare in the inside scintillator crystal that does not have the microchannel, reduced the optical path that the scintillation photon jetted out the in-process from producing to following the play plain noodles, and then shortened the flight time of scintillation photon, reach the effect that improves the time resolution ability of scintillator crystal.
In one embodiment, the microchannels are uniformly distributed, and the distance between the axes of any two adjacent microchannels is equal.
It will be appreciated that the uniform distribution of the micro-channels enables scintillation photons 20 generated anywhere within the scintillator crystal 10 to enter the micro-channels 12 during flight, thereby reducing the optical path of the scintillation photons within the scintillator crystal.
In one embodiment, the distance between the axes of any two adjacent microchannels is 2-3 times of the cross-sectional dimension of the microchannel.
It can be understood that, in this interval within range, can avoid on the one hand leading to processing cost and processing degree of difficulty too high because of the microchannel is too close, on the other hand can avoid leading to the time resolution performance to promote the relatively poor condition of effect and take place because of the microchannel is too sparsely makes in the scintillation photon can't get into the microchannel.
In one embodiment, the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the microchannels accounts for 3% -8% of the cross-sectional area of the scintillator crystal.
It can be understood that, within the range of the ratio, the scintillation photons of the scintillator crystal are generated in a larger amount and the probability of the scintillation photons entering the microchannel is higher, and at this time, the number of the scintillation photons emitted from the light emitting surface is the largest, and the light output efficiency of the scintillator crystal is the highest.
In one embodiment, the diameter of the micro-channel is less than or equal to 50 μm.
It can be understood that when the diameter of the micro-channel is within the range, the radial flight distance of the scintillation photons along the micro-channel is shorter, and the total optical path of the scintillation photons when the scintillation photons fly out of the light-emitting surface is shorter, so that the time resolution capability of the scintillator crystal can be effectively improved
In one embodiment, the micro-channel only penetrates through the light emergent surface, and the ratio of the length of the micro-channel to the length of the scintillator crystal is 0.75-0.8.
It will be appreciated that the time resolution of the scintillator crystal is best at this ratio as verified by monte carlo simulation calculations.
In one embodiment, at least one of said microchannels in the plurality has a different length than the other microchannels.
In one embodiment, the cross-section of the microchannel is circular, oval, parallelogram, triangular, trapezoidal, in-line, or a combination of multiple base shapes.
It will be understood that the microchannel is a microchannel having a cross-sectional area of μm 2 Orders of magnitude channels can all increase the time resolution capability of the scintillator crystal.
In one embodiment, the scintillator structure includes a plurality of the scintillator crystals with continuous crystal transitions therebetween to form a crystal array.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a PET scintillator array, including a plurality of scintillator crystals, the scintillator crystals have relative first end and second end, and at least one scintillator crystal is in first end or second end have a plurality of defective positions, and certainly defective position along the direction of the directional second end of first end is in set up the clearance in the scintillator crystal to form a plurality of microchannels.
A third aspect of the present invention provides a PET scanning device, including a PET scintillator array, the PET scintillator array including a plurality of scintillator crystals distributed in an array form, the scintillator crystals having a first end and a second end opposite to each other, one or more inner boundaries being formed in at least one of the scintillator crystals; the inner boundary extends from the first end to a direction close to the second end, or the inner boundary extends from the second end to a direction close to the first end, so as to form a plurality of microchannels in the scintillator crystal.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or the conventional technologies of the present application, the drawings used in the descriptions of the embodiments or the conventional technologies will be briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following descriptions are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a scintillator crystal according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the half-section of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of scintillation photons within a scintillator crystal of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a scintillator crystal according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of a scintillator crystal according to another embodiment of the present invention;
reference numerals are as follows: 10. a scintillator crystal; 11. a light emitting surface; 12. a microchannel; 20. the photons are flashed.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, embodiments accompanying the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. This application is capable of embodiments in many different forms than those described herein and that modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the application and it is therefore not intended to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When a component is referred to as being "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or intervening components may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like as used in the description of the present application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the feature. In the description of the present application, "plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature and the second feature are in indirect contact via an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used in the description of the present application, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, the present application first provides a scintillator structure, which includes a scintillator crystal 10, where the scintillator crystal 10 has a light-emitting surface 11, and is characterized in that the light-emitting surface 11 is provided with a plurality of micro channels 12, and the micro channels 12 extend along a length direction of the scintillator crystal 10;
the surface of the scintillator crystal 10 except the light exit surface 11 is wrapped with a light reflection material, so that the scintillation photons 20 generated in the scintillator crystal 10 can be reflected under the action of the light reflection material and are not emitted out of the scintillator crystal 10, thereby increasing the proportion of the scintillation photons 20 emitted from the light exit surface 11 to the scintillation photons 20 generated by the scintillator crystal 10, i.e. increasing the light output efficiency of the scintillator crystal 10;
here, the light reflective material may be a reflective film such as ESR (Enhanced spectral Reflector) or Teflon, baSO, or the like 4 A reflective coating such as barium sulfate, or other commonly used materials capable of reflecting scintillation photons 20, and is not specifically limited herein.
Through set up a plurality of microchannels 12 in scintillator crystal 10 for scintillation photon 20 that scintillator crystal 10 produced after the ray irradiation can penetrate into in microchannel 12, because medium is different inside and outside microchannel 12, consequently when scintillation photon 20 flies to the inner wall of microchannel 12 in microchannel 12, scintillation photon 20 can take place to refract and reflect, thereby make scintillation photon 20 along the length direction of microchannel 12, constantly take place to refract and reflect at microchannel 12, finally follow light-emitting surface 11 along microchannel 12 and jet out.
In the prior art, the scintillation photons 20 are continuously reflected by different surfaces in the scintillator crystal 10 until the scintillation photons are emitted from the light emitting surface 11, taking the reflection of the scintillation photons 20 between a pair of corresponding surfaces as an example, the optical path of the scintillation photons 20 when reflected between a pair of surfaces of the scintillator crystal 10 is much longer than the optical path of the scintillation photons 20 when reflected between a pair of inner walls of the microchannel 12;
in addition, the micro-channels 12 can introduce refraction of the scintillation photons 20, which can change the optical path of the scintillation photons 20 in the scintillator crystal 10 and also reduce the optical path of the scintillation photons 20, compared with the prior art in which only the scintillation photons 20 are reflected;
therefore, by forming the micro-channel 12 in the scintillator crystal 10, the optical path of the scintillation photons 20 in the scintillator crystal 10 can be changed, the optical path from the generation of the scintillation photons 20 to the emission along the light-emitting surface 11 is effectively reduced, the flight time of the scintillation photons 20 is further shortened, and the effect of improving the time resolution performance of the scintillator crystal 10 is achieved. In addition, as the optical path of the scintillation photons within the scintillator crystal 10 is shortened, the flight time differences of the multiple scintillation photons are reduced, thereby reducing the time jitter introduced by the scintillator crystal itself.
The term "microchannel 12" as used herein means a microchannel having a cross-sectional area of μm 2 The order of magnitude of the channel, the micro-channel 12, can be obtained by means of material-reducing processing such as laser engraving, micro-drilling, etc.
In some embodiments, all surfaces of the scintillator crystal 10 except the light exit surface 11 are wrapped with a light reflective material, so that the scintillation photons 20 generated in the scintillator crystal 10 can only exit from the light exit surface 11, further increasing the light output efficiency of the scintillator crystal 10;
it should be noted that, except for the light exit surface 11, the surface of the scintillator crystal 10 in the prior art also wraps a light reflection material to reflect the scintillation photons 20, but after the surface of the ordinary scintillator crystal 10 is processed and wraps the light reflection material, the reflection of the scintillation photons 20 after being incident on the surface of the scintillator crystal 10 is mainly mirror reflection, so that the scintillation photons 20 are easily subjected to total internal reflection in the scintillator crystal 10, that is, part of the scintillation photons 20 are confined in the scintillator crystal 10 to be constantly subjected to mirror reflection and cannot be emitted, thereby affecting the light output efficiency of the scintillator crystal 10;
in the present application, because the micro channel 12 is disposed in the scintillator crystal 10, the inner wall of the micro channel 12 can introduce part of diffuse reflection, that is, when the scintillation photons 20 are incident into the micro channel 12 or the scintillation photons 20 are reflected in the micro channel 12, the diffuse reflection can occur, so that the probability of occurrence of total internal reflection of the scintillation photons 20 is reduced, and the light output efficiency of the scintillator crystal 10 is increased.
In some embodiments, the microchannels 12 are uniformly distributed, and the spacing between the axes of any two adjacent microchannels 12 is equal; to ensure that scintillation photons 20 generated at any location within the scintillator crystal 10 have a high probability of entering the microchannel 12 during flight.
The uniform distribution here refers to a rectangular array distribution or other common regular arrangement, as long as the distance between the axes of any two adjacent microchannels 12 is equal.
In some embodiments, microchannels 12 may also be irregularly distributed.
In some embodiments, the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the microchannels 12 is between 3% and 8% of the cross-sectional area of the scintillator crystal 10;
when a scintillation photon 20 of a radioactive ray (e.g., a gamma ray) hits (or strikes) the scintillator crystal 10, the scintillator crystal 10 can scintillate to emit light. The scintillator crystal 10 can absorb energy of a radioactive scintillation photon 20 (e.g., a gamma ray) and convert the absorbed energy into visible light. The scintillator is optically coupled to the photosensor such that an optical signal can be transmitted between the scintillator and the photosensor and converted to an electrical signal.
It will be appreciated that if the ratio of the total cross-sectional area of the micro-channels 12 to the cross-section of the scintillator crystal 10 is too large, the probability of interaction between the radiation particles and the crystal material will be reduced, thereby reducing the total amount of scintillation photons 20 generated, affecting the detection efficiency and sensitivity; conversely, if the ratio is too small, the probability that scintillation photons 20 generated within the scintillator crystal 10 enter the microchannel 12 is small;
after modeling and simulation experiment modeling and analysis are performed, it is found that, under the condition that the shape of the scintillator crystal 10, the distribution mode of the microchannels 12, the irradiation rays and other factors are the same, when the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the microchannels 12 accounts for 3% -8% of the cross-sectional area of the scintillator crystal 10, the number of the scintillation photons 20 emitted from the light-emitting surface 11 is the largest, and the light output efficiency of the scintillator crystal 10 is the highest.
The simulation test herein refers to calculating and analyzing the propagation path of the scintillation photons 20 in the micro-channel 12 by a monte carlo simulation method to obtain the optical path of the scintillation photons 20 emitted from the light emitting surface 11;
comparing the optical path with the optical path without the micro-channel 12, if the optical path when the micro-channel 12 is opened is smaller, it can be determined that setting the micro-channel 12 according to the corresponding specific parameters can reduce the optical path of the scintillation photons 20, shorten the flight time of the scintillation photons 20, and further improve the time resolution performance of the scintillator crystal 10.
In some embodiments, the cross-section of the microchannel 12 is circular, and the diameter of the microchannel 12 is 50 μm or less;
it will be appreciated that if the size of the microchannel 12 is too large, the probability of interaction of the radiation particle with the crystal material is reduced, thereby reducing the amount of scintillation photons 20 generated and affecting detection efficiency and sensitivity; conversely, if the size is too small, the probability of scintillation photons 20 generated within the scintillator crystal 10 entering the microchannel 12 is small;
in addition, if the size of the micro-channel 12 is too large, the scintillation photons 20 in the micro-channel 12 continuously reflect and refract, and the flight distance of the scintillation photons 20 along the radial direction of the micro-channel 12 is longer, so that the total optical path of the scintillation photons 20 when flying out from the light-emitting surface 11 is longer;
simulation experiments prove that the time resolution capability of the scintillator crystal 10 can be effectively improved when the diameter of the micro-channel 12 is less than or equal to 50 mu m.
In some embodiments, the distance between the axes of any two adjacent microchannels 12 is 2 to 3 times the size of the cross section of the microchannel 12, and taking the diameter of the microchannel 12 as an example, the distance between the axes of any two adjacent microchannels 12 is 100 to 150 μm;
within this spacing range, most of the scintillation photons 20 generated within the scintillator crystal 10 can enter the microchannel 12 during flight to enhance the effect of the time-resolved performance of the scintillator crystal 10;
on one hand, the processing cost and the processing difficulty caused by the over-dense micro-channel 12 can be avoided, and on the other hand, the situation that the time resolution performance is poor due to the fact that the scintillation photons 20 cannot enter the micro-channel 12 because the micro-channel 12 is too sparse can be avoided;
simulation experiments prove that when the distance between the axes of any two adjacent micro-channels 12 is 2-3 times of the diameter of the micro-channels 12, the time resolution capability of the scintillator crystal 10 can be effectively improved.
In some embodiments, at least one microchannel 12 of the plurality of microchannels 12 has a different length than the other microchannels 12.
Referring to fig. 4, in some embodiments, the micro-channel 12 only penetrates the light emitting surface 11; the starting positions of the microchannels 12 may be in the same plane or in different planes, which is not limited herein;
preferably, the ratio of the length of the micro-channel 12 to the length of the scintillator crystal 10 is 0.75;
simulation experiments prove that when the ratio of the length of the micro-channel 12 to the length of the scintillator crystal 10 is 0.75, the time resolution capability of the scintillator crystal 10 can be effectively increased.
In some embodiments, a portion of the micro-channels 12 penetrates through the light emitting surface 11 and the surface of the scintillator crystal 10 corresponding to the light emitting surface 11, and another portion of the micro-channels 12 only penetrates through the light emitting surface 11.
Referring to fig. 5, in some embodiments, the cross-section of the microchannel 12 is circular, oval, parallelogram, triangular, trapezoidal, or a combination of multiple basic shapes;
the cross-sections of different microchannels 12 in the same scintillator crystal 10 may be of the same shape or of different shapes, as long as the microchannels 12 have cross-sectional areas of μm 2 The magnitude channel can achieve the effect of increasing the time resolution capability through the verification of an analog simulation experiment.
The basic shape herein refers to a common shape such as a circle, an ellipse, a parallelogram, a triangle, a line, and a trapezoid.
In some embodiments, the scintillator structure includes a plurality of scintillator crystals 10 with continuous crystal transitions between the scintillator crystals 10 to form a crystal array;
because the micro-channel 12 is arranged, the time resolution capability and the light output efficiency of each scintillator crystal 10 in the crystal array can be improved, and accordingly, the time resolution capability and the light output efficiency of the crystal array can be improved correspondingly.
The second aspect of the present application provides a PET scintillator array comprising a plurality of scintillator crystals 10, the scintillator crystals 10 having opposite first and second ends, at least one of the scintillator crystals 10 having a plurality of defect locations at the first or second end, and a gap being provided in the scintillator crystal 10 from the defect locations in a direction pointing from the first end to the second end to form a plurality of microchannels 12.
A third aspect of the present application provides a PET scanning device comprising a PET scintillator array including a plurality of scintillator crystals 10 distributed in an array, the scintillator crystals 10 having opposite first and second ends, one or more inner boundaries being formed within at least one of the scintillator crystals 10; the inner boundary extends from the first end in a direction proximate to the second end, or the inner boundary extends from the second end in a direction proximate to the first end, to form a plurality of microchannels 12 within the scintillator crystal 10.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the claims. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these are all within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The scintillator structure is characterized by comprising a scintillator crystal (10), wherein the scintillator crystal (10) is provided with a light-emitting surface (11), the light-emitting surface (11) is provided with a plurality of micro-channels (12), and the micro-channels (12) extend along the length direction of the scintillator crystal (10).
2. Scintillator structure according to claim 1, wherein the microchannels (12) are uniformly distributed, and the spacing between the axes of any two adjacent microchannels (12) is equal.
3. The scintillator structure of claim 2, wherein the spacing between the axes of any two adjacent microchannels (12) is 2 to 3 times the cross-sectional dimension of the microchannel (12).
4. The scintillator structure of claim 2, wherein the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the microchannels (12) is between 3% and 8% of the cross-sectional area of the scintillator crystal (10).
5. Scintillator structure according to claim 1, characterised in that the diameter of the microchannels (12) is equal to or less than 50 μm.
6. Scintillator structure according to claim 1, characterised in that the microchannels (12) extend only through the light exit face (11);
the ratio of the length of the microchannel (12) to the length of the scintillator crystal (10) is 0.75 to 0.8.
7. The scintillator structure of claim 1, wherein at least one of the microchannels (12) in the plurality of microchannels (12) has a different length than the other microchannels (12).
8. Scintillator structure according to claim 1, characterised in that the cross section of the micro channel (12) is circular, oval, parallelogram, triangular, trapezoidal, in-line or a shape formed by a combination of a plurality of basic shapes.
9. A PET scintillator array comprising a plurality of scintillator crystals (10), the scintillator crystals (10) having opposing first and second ends,
at least one scintillator crystal (10) has a plurality of defect locations at the first or second end, and a gap is provided within the scintillator crystal (10) from the defect locations in a direction from the first end toward the second end to form a plurality of microchannels (12).
10. PET scanning device comprising a PET scintillator array comprising a plurality of scintillator crystals (10) distributed in the form of an array, the scintillator crystals (10) having opposite first and second ends,
forming one or more inner boundaries within the at least one scintillator crystal (10);
the inner boundary extends from the first end to a direction close to the second end, or the inner boundary extends from the second end to a direction close to the first end, so as to form a plurality of microchannels (12) in the scintillator crystal (10).
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