CN217939296U

CN217939296U - Purification tower for atmospheric pollution treatment

Info

Publication number: CN217939296U
Application number: CN202221724986.3U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨松; 焦维冰
Original assignee: Sichuan Jiuyida Environmental Engineering Co ltd
Current assignee: Sichuan Jiuyida Environmental Engineering Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-07-06
Filing date: 2022-07-06
Publication date: 2022-12-02
Anticipated expiration: 2032-07-06

Abstract

The utility model discloses an atmosphere pollution administers purifying tower, comprising a tower body, the inner chamber of tower body is close to top department first filler of fixedly connected with and second filler respectively, just the second filler is located the bottom of first filler, the bottom of second filler is equipped with the filter screen, just the lateral wall of filter screen and the inside wall fixed connection of tower body, the bottom of filter screen is equipped with strikes the mechanism, the top of filter screen is equipped with clearance mechanism, the utility model discloses when using, through the usable driving motor of mutually supporting between first single sheave, second single sheave, belt, bull stick, cam, roof and the spring drive two balls reciprocating motion from top to bottom when driving the (mixing) shaft rotation to strike the vibration to the filter screen, thereby avoid blocking up the recovery efficiency that the filter screen influences the liquid medicine when carrying out recycle to the liquid medicine, and then be favorable to improving purification efficiency.

Description

Purification tower for atmospheric pollution treatment

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a purifying column technical field especially relates to an atmosphere pollution administers purifying column.

Background

The purification tower is a device which is matched with different medicaments according to different waste gases and adopts a wet treatment method to purify various toxic and harmful waste gases, and the purification tower is developed in modern society and has more advanced industry and more serious pollution to the environment, so that the purification tower is required to be used for treating the waste gases generated during working and then exhausting the waste gases into the atmosphere after reaching the standard, thereby protecting the environment to a certain extent.

The purifying tower is administered in current atmospheric pollution, when utilizing the liquid medicine to purify the atmosphere, leads to the filter screen to take place to block up easily to influence the recovery of liquid medicine and recycle, and then influence purification efficiency, and the difficult clearance of impurity through filtering out has increased staff's intensity of labour.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, one of the purposes of the utility model is to provide a purifying tower for treating air pollution.

The utility model discloses an one of the purpose adopts following technical scheme to realize:

a purification tower for treating atmospheric pollution comprises a tower body, wherein the inner cavity of the tower body is close to the top and is respectively and fixedly connected with a first filler and a second filler, the second filler is positioned at the bottom of the first filler, the bottom of the second filler is provided with a filter screen, the outer side wall of the filter screen is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the tower body, the bottom of the filter screen is provided with a knocking mechanism, the top of the filter screen is provided with a cleaning mechanism, the right side of the tower body is close to an intermediate position and is provided with a trash discharging port, the bottom of the filter screen is provided with an activated carbon layer, the outer side wall of the activated carbon layer is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the tower body, the inner cavity bottom of the tower body is fixedly connected with a water storage tank, the inner cavity left intermediate position of the water storage tank is movably connected with a stirring shaft, the outer side wall of the stirring shaft is fixedly connected with a plurality of stirring rods, the right side of the water storage tank is provided with a through hole matched with the stirring rod, the right side of the tower body close to the bottom is fixedly connected with a first sealing bearing, the right side of the tower body close to the bottom is fixedly connected with a support, the top of the support is fixedly connected with a driving motor, the right end of the stirring shaft penetrates through the through hole and the inner cavity of the first sealing bearing and is fixedly connected with the power output end of the driving motor, the left side of the tower body close to the bottom is fixedly connected with a water pump, the bottom of the water pump is fixedly connected with a water pumping pipe, one end, away from the water pump, of the water pumping pipe penetrates through the left side of the tower body and is inserted and connected at the bottom of the left side of the water storage tank, the top of the water pump is fixedly connected with a water outlet pipe, one end, away from the water pump, of the water outlet pipe penetrates through the left side of the tower body and is fixedly connected with a straight pipe, and the right end of the straight pipe is fixedly connected with the right side of the inner cavity of the tower body, the bottom fixedly connected with a plurality of shower nozzle of straight tube, the top fixed mounting of tower body has the gas outlet, just the top laminating of gas outlet is equipped with the apron, the top of apron is close to right side department fixedly connected with handle, the left side of apron and the left side swing joint of gas outlet, the fixed surface of tower body installs the air inlet.

Further, the inner cavity of the air outlet is fixedly connected with a protective net, and the surface of the protective net is coated with an anti-oxidation layer.

Furthermore, the straight pipe is positioned at the top of the first filler, and the plurality of spray heads are sequentially linearly arranged from left to right.

Further, the right side laminating of row's miscellaneous mouthful is equipped with the baffle, just the top fixedly connected with movable plate of baffle, the first slider of left side fixedly connected with of movable plate, the right side of tower body is close to top department and has seted up first spout, just first slider swing joint is at first spout inner chamber.

Further, strike the mechanism and include two balls, and two the ball is located the bottom that the filter screen was kept away from respectively and is close to left and right sides department, two the equal fixedly connected with spring in bottom of ball, just the bottom fixedly connected with roof of spring, two the equal fixedly connected with second slider in one side that the roof was kept away from, the inner chamber left and right sides of tower body is close to bottom department and has all seted up the second spout, two the second slider is swing joint respectively in adjacent second spout inner chamber, two the bottom of roof all is equipped with the cam, two it is equipped with the bull stick to be close to top department and run through jointly on the cam, just the left end of bull stick and the inner chamber left side swing joint of tower body, the right side of tower body is close to bottom department fixedly connected with second seal bearing, just the right-hand member of bull stick runs through second seal bearing inner chamber to the first single sheave of fixedly connected with, the bottom of first single sheave is equipped with the second single sheave, just the second single sheave cover is established in the outside of (mixing) and is close to right-hand member department, be equipped with between first single sheave through the belt and the second single sheave, just the drive connection groove between the first single sheave.

Further, clearance mechanism includes the brush, just the brush laminating sets up in the top left side department of filter screen, the top fixedly connected with fixed plate of brush, just the right side fixedly connected with horizontal pole of fixed plate, the right-hand member of horizontal pole extends to row's miscellaneous mouthful inner chamber to fixedly connected with ring.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that:

1. the first single grooved wheel, the second single grooved wheel, the belt, the rotating rod, the cam, the top plate and the spring are matched with each other, so that the driving motor can be used for driving the stirring shaft to rotate and simultaneously driving the two round balls to reciprocate up and down, and knocking and vibrating the filter screen, thereby preventing particle impurities from blocking the filter screen when the liquid medicine is recycled to influence the recycling efficiency of the liquid medicine, and further being beneficial to improving the purification efficiency;

2. can seal row miscellaneous mouthful through mutually supporting between baffle, movable plate, first slider and the first spout to avoid the liquid medicine to take place to leak, and be convenient for staff's pulling ring through mutually supporting between brush, fixed plate, horizontal pole and the ring and drive the brush and move right, thereby clear away the accumulational impurity in filter screen top, reduced staff's intensity of labour.

The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention may be implemented according to the content of the description, and in order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following preferred embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present embodiment;

fig. 2 is a front view of the tower of the component of the present embodiment;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view taken at A in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view at B of FIG. 1;

fig. 5 is an enlarged view at C in fig. 1.

In the figure: 1. a tower body; 2. a water storage tank; 3. a stirring shaft; 4. a stirring rod; 5. a drive motor; 6. a water pump; 7. a water pumping pipe; 8. a water outlet pipe; 9. a straight pipe; 10. a spray head; 11. an activated carbon layer; 12. a filter screen; 13. a second filler; 14. a first filler; 15. an air outlet; 16. a protective net; 17. a cover plate; 18. a first single sheave; 19. a second single sheave; 20. a belt; 21. a ball; 22. a spring; 23. a top plate; 24. a cam; 25. a rotating rod; 26. a baffle plate; 27. moving the plate; 28. a brush; 29. a fixing plate; 30. a cross bar; 31. a circular ring; 32. an air inlet.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, and it should be noted that the embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form a new embodiment without conflict.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When a component is referred to as being "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or intervening components may also be present. When a component is referred to as being "disposed on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or intervening components may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

example 1:

a purification tower for treating atmospheric pollution comprises a tower body 1, wherein a first filler 14 and a second filler 13 are respectively and fixedly connected to the positions, close to the top, of an inner cavity of the tower body 1, the second filler 13 is positioned at the bottom of the first filler 14, a filter screen 12 is arranged at the bottom of the second filler 13, the outer side wall of the filter screen 12 is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the tower body 1, a knocking mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the filter screen 12, a cleaning mechanism is arranged at the top of the filter screen 12, a sundry discharging opening is formed in the position, close to the middle, of the right side of the tower body 1, a baffle 26 is attached to the right side of the sundry discharging opening, a moving plate 27 is fixedly connected to the top of the baffle 26, a first sliding block is fixedly connected to the left side of the moving plate 27, a first sliding groove is formed in the position, close to the top, the first sliding groove inner cavity is movably connected to the first sliding block, the sealing performance of the tower body 1 is guaranteed, an active carbon layer 11 is arranged at the bottom of the filter screen 12, and the outer side wall of the activated carbon layer 11 is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the tower body 1, the inner cavity bottom of the tower body 1 is fixedly connected with a water storage tank 2, the middle position of the left side of the inner cavity of the water storage tank 2 is movably connected with a stirring shaft 3, the outer side wall of the stirring shaft 3 is fixedly connected with a plurality of stirring rods 4, the right side of the water storage tank 2 is provided with a perforation hole matched with each stirring rod 4, the right side of the tower body 1 close to the bottom is fixedly connected with a first sealing bearing, the right side of the tower body 1 close to the bottom is fixedly connected with a bracket, the top of the bracket is fixedly connected with a driving motor 5, the right end of the stirring shaft 3 penetrates through the perforation hole and the inner cavity of the first sealing bearing and is fixedly connected with the power output end of the driving motor 5, the left side of the tower body 1 close to the bottom is fixedly connected with a water pump 6, the bottom of the water pump 6 is fixedly connected with a water pumping pipe 7, one end of the water pumping pipe 7 far away from the water pump 6 penetrates through the left side of the tower body 1, the water pump is inserted and connected to the bottom of the left side of the water storage tank 2, the top of the water pump 6 is fixedly connected with a water outlet pipe 8, one end, far away from the water pump 6, of the water outlet pipe 8 penetrates through the left side of the tower body 1 and is fixedly connected with a straight pipe 9, the straight pipe 9 is located at the top of the first filler 14, a plurality of spray heads 10 are sequentially linearly arranged from left to right, the right end of the straight pipe 9 is fixedly connected with the right side of an inner cavity of the tower body 1, the bottom of the straight pipe 9 is fixedly connected with a plurality of spray heads 10, an air outlet 15 is fixedly installed at the top of the tower body 1, a cover plate 17 is attached to the top of the air outlet 15, a handle is fixedly connected to the position, close to the right side, of the top of the cover plate 17, the left side of the cover plate 17 is movably connected with the left side of the air outlet 15, a protective screen 16 is fixedly connected with the inner cavity of the air outlet 15, an anti-oxidation layer is coated on the surface of the protective screen 16, and an air inlet 32 is fixedly installed on the surface of the tower body 1;

the knocking mechanism comprises two round balls 21, the two round balls 21 are respectively positioned at the bottom of the filter screen 12 and close to the left side and the right side, springs 22 are fixedly connected to the bottoms of the two round balls 21, top plates 23 are fixedly connected to the bottom ends of the springs 22, second sliding blocks are fixedly connected to the sides, far away from the two top plates 23, of the left side and the right side of an inner cavity of the tower body 1, second sliding grooves are formed in the positions, close to the bottoms, of the left side and the right side of the inner cavity of the tower body 1, the two second sliding blocks are respectively and movably connected to inner cavities of the adjacent second sliding grooves, cams 24 are arranged at the bottoms of the two top plates 23, a rotating rod 25 jointly penetrates through the positions, close to the tops, of the two cams 24, the left end of the rotating rod 25 is movably connected with the left side of the inner cavity of the tower body 1, a second sealing bearing is fixedly connected to the right side of the tower body 1, a first single grooved wheel 18 is fixedly connected to the right end of the right side of the rotating rod 25, a second single grooved wheel 19 is arranged at the bottom of the first single grooved wheel 18, and a transmission shaft 19 is connected with the second grooved wheel 19 through a belt transmission groove 20;

when the device is used, a worker can add water and a reagent required by reaction into the water storage tank 2, the driving motor 5 is started through an external power supply, the driving motor 5 drives the stirring shaft 3 to rotate, the stirring shaft 3 drives the stirring rods 4 to rotate, the stirring rods 4 rotate to accelerate the mixing efficiency of the water and the reagent, after the reaction is completed, the water pump 6 is started through the external power supply, the water pump 6 works to convey liquid medicine into the straight pipe 9 through the water pumping pipe 7 and the water outlet pipe 8 and sprays the liquid medicine out through the nozzles 10, after the atmosphere enters the inner cavity of the tower body 1 through the air inlet 32, the atmosphere is purified under the spraying of the liquid medicine, the atmosphere passes through the first filler 14 and the second filler 13, the first filler 14 and the second filler 13 are subjected to more detailed adsorption purification and dust removal treatment, meanwhile, the sprayed liquid medicine can flush the first filler 14 and the second filler 13, so that the standard atmosphere can be led out of the inside of the tower body 1 through the air outlet 15, when the liquid medicine falls in a spraying manner, fixed impurities mixed in the liquid medicine can be filtered out by the filter screen 12, the filtered liquid medicine falls into the water storage tank 2 again, so that the aim of repeated use is achieved, the driving motor 5 drives the stirring shaft 3 to rotate and simultaneously drives the second single grooved pulley 19 to rotate, the second single grooved pulley 19 rotates to drive the first single grooved pulley 18 to rotate through the belt 20, the first single grooved pulley 18 rotates to drive the rotating rod 25 to rotate, the rotating rod 25 rotates to drive the two cams 24 to rotate, when the two cams 24 are in contact with the adjacent top plate 23, the two top plates 23 are pushed to move upwards, when the two cams 24 are far away from the top plate 23, the top plate 23 can slide downwards under the action of self gravity, and the second sliding block slides in the inner cavity of the second sliding groove to limit the top plate 23, so that the top plate 23 can only vertically move, and the lifting reciprocating movement of the top plate 23 is realized, the two round balls 21 are driven by the two springs 22 to reciprocate up and down by the lifting of the two top plates 23, and the filter screen 12 is continuously knocked and vibrated, so that the filter screen 12 is prevented from being blocked, and the purification efficiency is improved.

Example 2:

the cleaning mechanism comprises a brush 28, the brush 28 is arranged at the left side of the top of the filter screen 12 in a fitting manner, the top of the brush 28 is fixedly connected with a fixing plate 29, the right side of the fixing plate 29 is fixedly connected with a cross rod 30, and the right end of the cross rod 30 extends to the inner cavity of the impurity discharging port and is fixedly connected with a circular ring 31;

when the accumulated impurities on the top of the filter screen 12 need to be cleaned, the movable plate 27 is pushed to move upwards, the movable plate 27 is limited by the first sliding block sliding in the first sliding groove inner cavity, the movable plate 27 can only move vertically, the baffle 26 is driven to move upwards, the impurity discharging port is opened, the movable plate moves rightwards by pulling the circular ring 31, the hairbrush 28 is pulled rightwards by the cross rod 30, the accumulated impurities on the top of the filter screen 12 are cleaned from the impurity discharging port, and the labor intensity of cleaning of workers is reduced.

The working principle is as follows: when the utility model is used, a worker can add water and the medicament required by reaction into the water storage tank 2, the driving motor 5 is started through an external power supply, the driving motor 5 drives the stirring shaft 3 to rotate, the stirring shaft 3 drives a plurality of stirring rods 4 to rotate, the rotation of the stirring rods 4 accelerates the mixing efficiency of water and the medicament, after the reaction is completed, the water pump 6 is started through the external power supply, the water pump 6 drives the liquid medicament to be conveyed into the straight pipe 9 through the water pumping pipe 7 and the water outlet pipe 8 and sprays out through a plurality of spray heads 10, after the atmosphere enters the inner cavity of the tower body 1 through the air inlet 32, the atmosphere is purified under the spraying of the liquid medicament, the atmosphere can be subjected to more adsorption purification and dust removal treatment when passing through the first filler 14 and the second filler 13, and simultaneously, the sprayed liquid medicament can wash the first filler 14 and the second filler 13, the standard atmosphere can be led out of the interior of the tower body 1 through the air outlet 15, when the liquid medicine falls in a spraying mode, fixed impurities mixed in the liquid medicine can be filtered out by the filter screen 12, the filtered liquid medicine falls into the water storage tank 2 again, the aim of repeated use is achieved, the driving motor 5 drives the stirring shaft 3 to rotate and simultaneously drives the second single grooved pulley 19 to rotate, the second single grooved pulley 19 rotates and drives the first single grooved pulley 18 to rotate through the belt 20, the first single grooved pulley 18 rotates and drives the rotating rod 25 to rotate, the rotating rod 25 rotates and drives the two cams 24 to rotate, when the two cams 24 are in contact with the adjacent top plate 23, the two top plates 23 are pushed to move upwards, and when the two cams 24 are far away from the top plate 23, the top plate 23 can slide downwards under the action of the gravity of the two cams, the second sliding block slides in the inner cavity of the second sliding groove to limit the top plate 23, so that the top plate 23 can only move vertically, thereby realize the lift reciprocating motion of roof 23, the lift of two roofs 23 drives two ball 21 through two springs 22 and reciprocates from top to bottom, and continuous to filter screen 12 strikes the vibration, thereby avoid filter screen 12 to take place to block up, be favorable to improving purification efficiency, when needs clear up the accumulational impurity in filter screen 12 top, promote movable plate 27 rebound, and slide at first spout inner chamber through first slider and carry on spacingly to movable plate 27, make movable plate 27 only can vertical migration, and drive baffle 26 rebound, thereby open row miscellaneous mouthful, move to the right through pulling ring 31, pull brush 28 to move to the right through horizontal pole 30, clear up the accumulational impurity in filter screen 12 top from row miscellaneous mouthful, the intensity of labour of staff's clearance has been reduced.

The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention cannot be limited thereby, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an atmospheric pollution administers purifying column, includes tower body (1), the inner chamber of tower body (1) is close to top department fixedly connected with first filler (14) and second filler (13) respectively, just second filler (13) are located the bottom of first filler (14), its characterized in that: the bottom that the second packed (13) is equipped with filter screen (12), just the lateral wall of filter screen (12) and the inside wall fixed connection of tower body (1), the bottom of filter screen (12) is equipped with strikes the mechanism, the top of filter screen (12) is equipped with clearance mechanism, the right side of tower body (1) is close to intermediate position department and has seted up the trash rack, the bottom of filter screen (12) is equipped with activated carbon layer (11), just the lateral wall of activated carbon layer (11) and the inside wall fixed connection of tower body (1), the inner chamber bottom fixedly connected with catch basin (2) of tower body (1), just the inner chamber left side intermediate position department swing joint of catch basin (2) has (mixing) shaft (3), the lateral wall fixedly connected with a plurality of puddler (4) of (3), the right side of catch basin (2) sets up the perforation of mutually supporting with puddler (4), the right side of tower body (1) is close to the first sealed bearing of bottom department fixedly connected with of fixedly connected with, and the right side of tower body (1) is close to the bottom department fixed connection with the fixed connection of fixed support, the top of support drive motor (5), the perforation of the right-hand member (3) and the sealed bearing (1) and the right-hand member (6) of the motor drive motor (1) and the left side of the sealed bearing of the motor (6) and the motor (motor output end of the sealed bearing (1) are connected with the tower body (1), just the bottom fixedly connected with drinking-water pipe (7) of water pump (6), the one end that water pump (6) were kept away from in drinking-water pipe (7) runs through the left side of tower body (1), and plug in the left side bottom department of catch basin (2), the top fixedly connected with outlet pipe (8) of water pump (6), just the one end that water pump (6) were kept away from in outlet pipe (8) runs through the left side of tower body (1) to fixedly connected with straight tube (9), the right-hand member of straight tube (9) and the inner chamber right side fixed connection of tower body (1), the bottom fixedly connected with a plurality of shower nozzle (10) of straight tube (9), the top fixed mounting of tower body (1) has gas outlet (15), just the top laminating of gas outlet (15) is equipped with apron (17), the top of apron (17) is close to right side department fixedly connected with handle, the left side of apron (17) and the left side swing joint of gas outlet (15), the fixed surface of tower body (1) installs air inlet (32).

2. The atmospheric pollution abatement purification tower of claim 1, wherein: the inner cavity of the air outlet (15) is fixedly connected with a protective net (16), and an anti-oxidation layer is coated on the surface of the protective net (16).

3. The atmospheric pollution abatement purification tower of claim 1, wherein: the straight pipe (9) is positioned at the top of the first filler (14), and the plurality of spray heads (10) are sequentially linearly arranged from left to right.

4. The atmospheric pollution abatement purification tower of claim 1, wherein: arrange the right side laminating of miscellaneous mouthful and be equipped with baffle (26), just the top fixedly connected with movable plate (27) of baffle (26), the first slider of left side fixedly connected with of movable plate (27), the right side of tower body (1) is close to top department and has seted up first spout, just first slider swing joint is at first spout inner chamber.

5. The atmospheric pollution abatement purification tower of claim 1, wherein: the knocking mechanism comprises two round balls (21), the two round balls (21) are respectively positioned at the positions, close to the left side and the right side, of the bottom of the filter screen (12), springs (22) are fixedly connected to the bottoms of the two round balls (21), the bottom end of the spring (22) is fixedly connected with a top plate (23), one side of the two top plates (23) far away from each other is fixedly connected with a second sliding block, second sliding grooves are formed in the left side and the right side of an inner cavity of the tower body (1) close to the bottom, the two second sliding blocks are movably connected to the inner cavities of the adjacent second sliding grooves respectively, cams (24) are arranged at the bottoms of the two top plates (23), rotating rods (25) are arranged on the two cams (24) close to the top in a penetrating mode, and the left end of the rotating rod (25) is movably connected with the left side of the inner cavity of the tower body (1), a second sealing bearing is fixedly connected at the right side of the tower body (1) close to the bottom, the right end of the rotating rod (25) penetrates through the inner cavity of the second sealing bearing, and is fixedly connected with a first single grooved wheel (18), the bottom of the first single grooved wheel (18) is provided with a second single grooved wheel (19), and the second single grooved wheel (19) is sleeved at the outer side of the stirring shaft (3) close to the right end, a belt (20) is arranged between the first single grooved wheel (18) and the second single grooved wheel (19), and the first single grooved wheel (18) is in transmission connection with the second single grooved wheel (19) through a belt (20).

6. The atmospheric pollution abatement purification tower of claim 1, wherein: the cleaning mechanism comprises a brush (28), the brush (28) is attached to the left side of the top of the filter screen (12), the top of the brush (28) is fixedly connected with a fixing plate (29), the right side of the fixing plate (29) is fixedly connected with a cross rod (30), and the right end of the cross rod (30) extends to an inner cavity of the impurity discharging port and is fixedly connected with a ring (31).