CN217787142U - Lithium ion battery thermal runaway test device - Google Patents

Lithium ion battery thermal runaway test device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN217787142U
CN217787142U CN202123443793.9U CN202123443793U CN217787142U CN 217787142 U CN217787142 U CN 217787142U CN 202123443793 U CN202123443793 U CN 202123443793U CN 217787142 U CN217787142 U CN 217787142U
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China
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lithium ion
inner container
sealing
thermal runaway
clamping structure
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CN202123443793.9U
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范亚飞
秦海金
张志萍
施思婷
丘红明
王敏
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Shenzhen Puresis Testing Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Shenzhen Precise Testing Technology Co ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The application discloses lithium ion battery thermal runaway test device includes: the shell is internally provided with a first cavity, the top of the shell is opened to form an opening, and the edge of the top of the shell is provided with a first clamping structure and a second clamping structure which extend along the circumferential direction of the opening; the inner container is accommodated in the first cavity, and a first sealing structure matched with the first clamping structure is annularly arranged at the top of the inner container; and the cover body is covered at the top of the shell and matched with the second clamping structure to seal the shell and the inner container. The technical effect of this application lies in improving the sealing performance of device.

Description

Lithium ion battery thermal runaway test device
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a thermal runaway test device for a lithium ion battery.
Background
In order to ensure the safety of users of lithium ion batteries during the use process, the safety of the batteries needs to be tested during the design, production and manufacture and product verification and evaluation processes of battery manufacturers, and the safety test process mainly comprises the scenes of electric abuse, mechanical abuse, thermal abuse and the like, wherein the electric abuse comprises short circuit, overcharge, overdischarge and the like, the mechanical abuse comprises needle punching, extrusion, falling and the like, and the thermal abuse comprises heating.
However, these electrical abuse and mechanical abuse eventually cause internal short circuits and the like in the battery, which further cause the battery to generate heat and cause thermal abuse. In addition, since the electrolyte and the gas generated by the battery after ignition and combustion are flammable and explosive and have toxicity to human bodies, in order to systematically evaluate the safety performance of the battery, it is necessary to evaluate not only the characteristics of the battery in an abuse scene, but also collect and analyze the components of the gas generated by the battery and analyze the components, and analyze the weight of the battery residue after testing to evaluate the harm of the gas generated in the battery to human bodies or the environment.
However, the existing thermal runaway device for evaluating the safety performance of the lithium ion battery still has many defects, and the existing thermal runaway device mainly adopts a single-layer tank body or box body structure, so that the sealing performance is poor.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The application aims to provide a lithium ion battery thermal runaway test device, and the technical effect that the sealing performance of the test of the conventional lithium ion battery thermal runaway test device is poor can be solved.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides a thermal runaway test device for a lithium ion battery, comprising: the shell is internally provided with a first cavity, the top of the shell is opened to form an opening, and the edge of the top of the shell is provided with a first clamping structure and a second clamping structure which extend along the circumferential direction of the opening; the inner container is accommodated in the first cavity, and a first sealing structure matched with the first clamping structure is annularly arranged at the top of the inner container; and the cover body is covered at the top of the shell and matched with the second clamping structure to seal the shell and the inner container.
Further, the cover body includes: and the weak current binding posts penetrate through the cover body, the joints of the weak current binding posts are in sealing fit, and the weak current binding posts transmit signals in the inner container to an external data acquisition unit outside the cover body.
Further, the cover includes: and the two strong current wiring terminals penetrate through the cover body, the connection parts of the two strong current wiring terminals are in sealing fit, and the two ends of each strong current wiring terminal are respectively connected with the equipment outside the cover body and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery in the second cavity.
Further, the cover includes: and the sealing joint penetrates through the cover body, the joint is in sealing fit, and two ends of the sealing joint are respectively connected with the external data collector outside the cover body and the data collector inside the second cavity.
Further, the cover includes: and the air inlet and the air outlet penetrate through the cover body, and the joint is in sealing fit and used for cleaning the inner container and collecting air.
Further, the cover includes: and the pressure transmitter penetrates through the cover body, and the joint is in sealing fit and used for collecting and monitoring the pressure change in the liner.
Furthermore, a heating plate, a combustible gas sensor, a temperature sensor and a voltage collector are arranged in the second cavity of the inner container; the heating sheet is used for being attached to the surface of the lithium ion battery, and a power line of the heating sheet is connected with a power supply through the weak current wiring terminal; the combustible gas sensor is connected with a power supply through the weak current wiring terminal; and the voltage collector is connected with the data collector through the weak current wiring terminal.
Further, a pressure relief valve is further installed on the cover body and used for releasing the pressure in the inner container.
Furthermore, a first sealing groove is formed on the first clamping structure; the first sealing ring is embedded in the first sealing groove.
Furthermore, a second sealing groove is formed on the second clamping structure; the second sealing ring is embedded in the second sealing groove.
The technical effect of this application lies in, places the inner bag in the casing, and the casing adds the double-deck seal structure of inner bag, and sealed effect is better, and the inner bag can be taken out at any time and the size is various, can be applicable to different battery sizes and test purpose.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a thermal runaway test device for a lithium ion battery provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is an explosion diagram of a thermal runaway testing device for a lithium ion battery provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a housing provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a lithium ion battery thermal runaway test apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Description of reference numerals:
100. a housing; 200. an inner container; 300. a cover body; 500. a connecting member; 600. a pull ring;
101. a first cavity; 110. a first clamping structure; 120. a second clamping structure; 111. a first seal groove; 121. a second seal groove;
201. a second cavity;
310. a weak current wiring terminal; 320. a strong current wiring terminal; 330. sealing the joint; 340. an air inlet; 350. an air outlet; 360. a pressure transmitter;
411. a first seal ring; 421. and a second seal ring.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application. Furthermore, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating exemplary embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In the present application, unless indicated to the contrary, the use of the directional terms "upper" and "lower" generally refer to the upper and lower positions of the device in actual use or operation, and more particularly to the orientation of the figures of the drawings; while "inner" and "outer" are with respect to the outline of the device.
The embodiment of the application provides a lithium ion battery thermal runaway test device. The following are detailed below. It should be noted that the following description of the embodiments is not intended to limit the preferred order of the embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the lithium ion battery thermal runaway test apparatus includes a case 100, an inner container 200, and a cover 300. The shell 100 is internally provided with a first cavity 101 and is opened at the top to form an opening, and the top edge of the shell 100 is provided with a first clamping structure 110 and a second clamping structure 120 which extend along the circumferential direction of the opening. The inner container 200 is accommodated in the first cavity 101, and a first sealing structure matched with the first clamping structure 110 is annularly arranged at the top of the inner container 200. The cover 300 covers the top of the casing 100, and cooperates with the second clamping structure 120 to seal the casing 100 and the inner container 200.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the housing 100 has a first cavity 101 inside and is opened at the top thereof to form an opening, the shape of the first cavity 101 is not limited, and the first cavity 101 includes a cylindrical can, a square box, and the like, in this embodiment, the shape of the first cavity 101 is preferably a cylindrical can, and the first cavity 101 is used for placing the liner 200. A transparent observation window may also be provided on the housing 100 using tempered glass for observing the thermal runaway condition within the housing 100.
As shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the top edge of the opening of the housing 100 has an extension portion, and a step structure is formed on the extension portion, and the step structure includes a first clamping structure 110 and a second clamping structure 120 that are sequentially arranged from inside to outside along the axial direction of the first cavity 101. In other embodiments of the present application, if the sidewall of the housing 100 has a certain thickness, and the thickness can support the formation of the step structure, the opening top edge of the housing 100 does not need to be provided with an extension portion.
Specifically, in some possible application examples, when the height of the first clamping structure 110 is smaller than the height of the second clamping structure 120, the first sealing structure at the top of the inner container 200, which is engaged with the first clamping structure 110, may protrude from the inner container 200 and be parallel to the first clamping structure 110 for sealing, and the cover 300 may also be parallel to the second clamping structure 120 for sealing; when the height of the first clamping structure 110 is greater than the height of the second clamping structure 120, the cover 300 needs to have an extension structure protruding out of the body to extend and abut against the second clamping structure 120 with the horizontal height lower than the first clamping structure 110, so as to seal the cover 300 and the second clamping structure 120.
A first sealing groove 111 is formed on the first clamping structure 110, and the first sealing groove 111 is used for placing a first sealing ring 411.
A second sealing groove 121 is formed on the second clamping structure 120, and the second sealing groove 121 is used for placing a second sealing ring 421.
When the first clamping structure 110 and the first sealing structure, the second clamping structure 120 and the cover body 300 are covered to realize sealing, the first sealing structure and the cover body 300 are respectively covered on the corresponding first sealing ring 411 and the second sealing ring 421, so that the sealing performance is further enhanced.
The inner container 200 is removably installed in the first cavity 101 through the opening, the inner container 200 is internally provided with a second cavity 201, the shape of the second cavity 201 is not limited and comprises a cylindrical tank body, a square box body and the like, in the embodiment, the shape of the second cavity 201 is preferably a cylindrical tank body, a circle of first sealing structure is formed on the outer shaft of the top of the inner container 200, and when the inner container 200 is installed at a desired position in the first cavity 101, the first sealing structure is matched with the first clamping structure 110 to realize the sealing between the inner container 200 and the shell 100.
The depth of the second cavity 201 of the inner container 200 is smaller than that of the first cavity 101 of the shell 100, the size of the sheet 200 can be selected in various ways, and the inner container 200 can be selected according to the size of the battery to be tested.
The inner container 200 is made of a light material, can be made of a stainless steel material, is easy to clean and replace, and is convenient for ensuring the accuracy of a test result.
A lithium ion battery to be tested is placed in the second cavity 201 of the inner container 200, a heating sheet is attached to the surface of the lithium ion battery, the position of the heating sheet relative to the inner container 200 is not limited, and the heating sheet can be hung on the inner side of the cover 300, placed at the bottom of the inner container 200, or placed on a shelf inside the inner container 200. And a combustible gas sensor, a temperature sensor, a voltage collector and other components are also arranged in the second cavity 201.
The cover 300 is removably connected to the top of the housing 100, the cover 300 can be connected to the housing 100 using a plurality of connectors 500, and the connectors 500 can be screws or the like, so as to close the opening. The cover 300 is matched with the second clamping structure 120 to realize the sealing between the casing 100 and the inner container 200.
In other embodiments of the present application, a second sealing structure may be disposed at the bottom of the cover 300, and the second sealing structure cooperates with the second clamping structure 120 to achieve the sealing between the casing 100 and the inner container 200, for example, in the above mentioned embodiments, the height of the second unlocking structure 120 is smaller than the height of the first clamping structure 110, and the second sealing structure needs to protrude from the horizontal plane of the cover 300 and extend to the second clamping structure 120, and abut against the second clamping structure to achieve the sealing.
The cover body 300 is provided with a plurality of weak current binding posts 310, a plurality of strong current binding posts 320, a sealing joint 330, an air inlet 340, an air outlet 350 and a pressure transmitter 360, the number of the above components can be adjusted according to actual test requirements, and the specific distribution positions can be correspondingly arranged on the cover body 300 according to actual conditions. In this embodiment, preferably, the number of the weak current terminals 310 is 6, the number of the strong current terminals 320 is two, and the remaining components are only one.
The weak current wiring terminal 310 penetrates through the cover body 300, the connection position is in sealing fit, the weak current wiring terminal 310 is a weak current ceramic insulation copper core wiring terminal, and glass sintering vacuum sealing aerial plug can be replaced. Each of the weak current posts 310 has two ports facing away from each other, and is connected to devices outside the cover 300 and devices inside the inner container 200, respectively. The weak current wiring terminal 310 is used for transmitting the signal in the inner container 200 to an external data collector, so that the external data collector can conveniently perform data collection and analysis.
The power line of the heating plate is connected with a power supply through the weak current binding post 310.
The combustible gas sensor is connected with a power supply through the weak current wiring terminal 310. The combustible gas sensor is placed at a suitable position within the inner container 200.
And the voltage collector is connected with the data collector through the weak current wiring terminal.
The strong electric binding post 320 penetrates the cover 300, and the connection position is in sealing fit. The strong current wiring terminal 320 is used for connecting the equipment outside the device and the positive and negative electrodes of the lithium ion battery in the second cavity 201, and performing insulation treatment on the positive and negative electrodes of the lithium ion battery.
The sealing joint 330 penetrates through the cover body 300, the joint is in sealing fit, the sealing joint 330 is used for connecting an external data collector outside the device with a data collector in the second cavity 201, and the data collector comprises a temperature sensor, a combustible gas sensor, a voltage collector and the like.
The air inlet 340 and the air outlet 350 penetrate through the cover 300, and the connection part is in sealing fit, so as to clean the inner container 200 and collect air.
The pressure transmitter 360 penetrates through the cover body 300, and the joint is in sealing fit and used for collecting and monitoring pressure change in the liner 200.
A pressure relief valve is further arranged on the cover body 300 and used for relieving the pressure in the inner container 200. The lithium ion battery is heated through the heating sheet, the temperature in the inner container 200 is increased, the air pressure is increased, and the pressure release valve is automatically opened or the lithium ion battery is out of control due to heat until the air pressure in the inner container 200 reaches a preset threshold value of the pressure release valve. After the pressure relief valve is opened or the lithium ion battery is thermally out of control, the gas outlet 350 is opened, the gas exhausted from the gas outlet 350 is collected, and the gas is analyzed by gas chromatography to determine the components of the gas. After the gas is discharged, the pressure in the inner container 200 decreases, and when the pressure decreases to be smaller than the preset threshold, the pressure release valve is automatically closed.
The pull ring 600 is provided on the lid body 300 as a force-assisting means when the lid body 300 is removed.
Taking the example of triggering the thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery in a heating manner, the specific using process of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway testing device comprises the following steps:
according to the overall dimension and the test requirement of the lithium ion battery to be tested, the inner container 200 with a proper size is selected, and the lithium ion battery and the inner container 200 are independently weighed, wherein the weight is an initial value.
Attaching a heating sheet with proper power to the outer surface of the lithium ion battery, connecting a power line of the heating sheet to one end of the weak current binding post 310, arranging temperature sampling points at proper positions on the surface of the lithium ion battery according to test requirements, and simultaneously leading out a voltage collector from the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery and connecting the voltage collector to the weak current binding post 310.
And performing insulation treatment on the positive and negative lugs of the lithium ion battery, and placing the lithium ion battery and the heating sheet together in the second cavity 201 of the inner container 200.
Connecting the input end of the combustible gas sensor to the weak current terminal 310, and placing the combustible gas sensor at a suitable position in the liner 200.
The inner container 200, the lithium ion battery and the heating plate are placed in the first cavity 101, the cover 300 is covered, and the housing 100 and the cover 300 are sealed by the sealing ring, the bolts and the like.
Through the first end of light current terminal 310, will respectively the heating plate with the combustible gas sensor is connected to suitable external power supply, will voltage collector the thermocouple combustible gas sensor output signal, pressure transmitter output signal etc. are connected to outside data collection station.
The airtightness of the apparatus is checked and confirmed to be perfect by the positive pressure method, and the inside of the inner container 200 is cleaned through the inlet port 340 and the outlet port 350 using an inert gas.
The air inlet 340 and the air outlet 350 are closed, and the data collector is started to prepare for testing.
And heating the lithium ion battery through the heating sheet until the safety valve is opened or the lithium ion battery is out of control due to heat after the air pressure in the inner container 200 reaches the preset threshold value of the pressure release valve.
The gas outlet 350 of the apparatus is opened at the appropriate time and the gas is collected and subjected to gas chromatographic analysis to determine the gas composition.
After the test is completed, the cover 300 is opened, the inner container 200 is removed, the outer materials such as the heating sheet and the thermocouple are removed, and the inner container 200 and the remaining debris of the battery are weighed, which is a final value.
And (3) carrying out data arrangement and analysis on the temperature change, the voltage change, the pressure change in the cavity and the combustible gas sensor signal collected by the data collector, and carrying out weight comparison before and after thermal runaway of the battery to complete the experiment.
The technical effects of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway test device provided by the embodiment are as follows:
the device is a comprehensive integrated thermal runaway experimental device, and can realize different test purposes, such as short circuit, overcharge, heating and the like to trigger thermal runaway;
the inner container is placed in the shell, and the shell is provided with the double-layer sealing structure of the inner container, so that the sealing effect is better, the inner container can be taken out at any time, the size is various, the proper inner container can be selected according to the size and the testing purpose of the battery, and the accuracy of a measuring result is improved;
the inner container is easy to clean and replace, so that different test products are not influenced on subsequent tests, and the test accuracy is improved;
residual fragment substances after thermal runaway of the battery can be directly and conveniently loaded in the inner container, and the accurate battery weight loss ratio is calculated;
the inner container is easy to clean and replace, and the utilization rate of the equipment is improved.
The lithium ion battery thermal runaway test device provided by the embodiment of the application is described in detail above, a specific example is applied in the description to explain the principle and the implementation manner of the application, and the description of the embodiment is only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the application; meanwhile, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

Claims (10)

1. Lithium ion battery thermal runaway test device, its characterized in that includes:
the clamping device comprises a shell (100), a first clamping structure and a second clamping structure, wherein the shell (100) is internally provided with a first cavity (101) and is opened at the top to form an opening, and the top edge of the shell is provided with the first clamping structure and the second clamping structure which extend along the circumferential direction of the opening;
the inner container (200) is accommodated in the first cavity (101), and a first sealing structure matched with the first clamping structure is annularly arranged at the top of the inner container; and
and the cover body (300) is covered at the top of the shell (100) and is matched with the second clamping structure to seal the shell and the inner container.
2. The thermal runaway testing apparatus for lithium ion batteries according to claim 1, wherein the cover (300) comprises:
and the weak current binding posts (310) penetrate through the cover body, the joints of the weak current binding posts are in sealing fit, and the weak current binding posts transmit signals in the inner container to an external data acquisition unit outside the cover body.
3. The thermal runaway testing apparatus for lithium ion batteries according to claim 1, wherein the cover (300) comprises:
two strong current wiring posts (320) penetrate through the cover body, the connection parts are in sealing fit, and two ends of each strong current wiring post are respectively connected with equipment outside the cover body and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery in the second cavity inside the inner container.
4. The thermal runaway testing apparatus for lithium ion batteries according to claim 1, wherein the cover (300) comprises:
and the sealing joint (330) penetrates through the cover body, the joint is in sealing fit, and two ends of the sealing joint are respectively connected with the external data collector of the cover body and the data collector in the second cavity inside the inner container.
5. The thermal runaway testing apparatus for lithium ion batteries according to claim 1, wherein the cover (300) comprises:
and the air inlet (340) and the air outlet (350) penetrate through the cover body, and the joints of the air inlet and the air outlet are in sealing fit and used for cleaning the inner container and collecting air.
6. The lithium ion battery thermal runaway test apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cover (300) comprises:
and the pressure transmitter (360) penetrates through the cover body, and the joint is in sealing fit and used for collecting and monitoring the pressure change in the inner container.
7. The lithium ion battery thermal runaway test device of claim 2, characterized in that a heater chip, a combustible gas sensor, a temperature sensor, a voltage collector are arranged in the second cavity (201) of the inner container (200);
the heating sheet is used for being attached to the surface of the lithium ion battery, and a power line of the heating sheet is connected with a power supply through the weak current wiring terminal (310);
the combustible gas sensor is connected with a power supply through the weak current wiring terminal;
and the voltage collector is connected with the data collector through the weak current wiring terminal.
8. The thermal runaway test apparatus for lithium ion batteries according to claim 1,
and a pressure relief valve is further arranged on the cover body (300) and used for releasing the pressure in the inner container (200).
9. The thermal runaway test apparatus for lithium ion batteries according to claim 1,
a first sealing groove (111) is formed on the first clamping structure; a first seal ring (411) is embedded in the first seal groove (111).
10. The thermal runaway test apparatus for lithium ion batteries according to claim 1,
a second sealing groove (121) is formed on the second clamping structure; the second sealing ring (421) is embedded in the second sealing groove (121).
CN202123443793.9U 2021-12-29 2021-12-29 Lithium ion battery thermal runaway test device Active CN217787142U (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202123443793.9U CN217787142U (en) 2021-12-29 2021-12-29 Lithium ion battery thermal runaway test device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202123443793.9U CN217787142U (en) 2021-12-29 2021-12-29 Lithium ion battery thermal runaway test device

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN217787142U true CN217787142U (en) 2022-11-11

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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Country Status (1)

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Address after: 518106 Building 1-5, Aiqun Road, Tongfu Industrial Zone, Shangwu Community, Shiyan Street, Bao'an District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province

Patentee after: Shenzhen Puresis Testing Technology Co.,Ltd.

Country or region after: Zhong Guo

Address before: 518101 floor 1-5 of plant 4-7, Aiqun Road, Shangwu community, Shiyan street, Bao'an District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province

Patentee before: SHENZHEN PRECISE TESTING TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD.

Country or region before: Zhong Guo