CN217719918U - High-frequency transmission low-loss broadband microstrip-waveguide transmission module - Google Patents
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Abstract
The utility model belongs to the technical field of radar antenna transmission, in particular to a broadband microstrip-waveguide transmission module with low loss in high-frequency transmission, which comprises a conversion unit from a microstrip to a rectangular waveguide, and the conversion unit is connected with a radar chip and is used for the transmission and conversion of electromagnetic signals of the radar chip; the waveguide transmission unit is connected with the conversion unit from the microstrip to the rectangular waveguide and is used for continuing transmission of the waveguide and reducing reflection loss; the microstrip-to-rectangular waveguide conversion unit comprises a microstrip structure, a pin structure arranged on the periphery of the microstrip structure, and a rectangular waveguide connected with the pin structure. The utility model provides a broadband microstrip-waveguide transmission module of low-loss of high frequency transmission, not only the chromatic dispersion is low, the loss is little, the power capacity is high, transmission loss is too big when can effectually avoiding the high frequency, has the good stop band characteristic of similar clearance waveguide moreover, can effectually prevent revealing of high frequency department ripples.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of radar antenna transmission, concretely relates to low-loss broadband microstrip-waveguide transmission module of high frequency transmission.
Background
The traditional vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radar has the defects of lack of height measurement capability, low angle resolution, sparse point cloud, neglect of static objects and the like, and only plays a role in supporting safety redundancy in an automatic driving system. The 4D imaging radar increases pitching information and more point cloud data, can improve the performance of the millimeter wave radar in all directions, is expected to enable the millimeter wave radar to become one of core sensors in an ADAS (adaptive Doppler analysis System), and is an important direction for future development of the vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radar.
The existing vehicle-mounted 4D imaging millimeter wave radar is cascaded with a plurality of radar chips, and the number of transmitting and receiving channels is more than 48 (6 transmitting and 8 receiving) channels, and gradually progresses to more than 192 (12 transmitting and 16 receiving) channels. As the number of radar channels increases, the number of transceiving antennas also increases, and some of the transceiving antennas are inevitably arranged at positions far away from the radar chip, which causes the feed loss from the radar chip to the antennas to be greatly increased.
The existing millimeter wave radar mostly adopts planar transmission lines such as microstrip lines and coplanar lines as signal transmission lines from a radar chip to a receiving and transmitting antenna, the transmission characteristics of the transmission lines mainly depend on a dielectric substrate material, and the dielectric substrate material can not only cause dielectric loss, but also excite useless surface wave modes; in addition, the transmission performance is also affected by the radiation loss of the higher order mode. Therefore, the transmission line has strong dielectric loss at high frequency, which causes signal attenuation and other problems, and greatly affects signal propagation, thereby affecting the detection distance of the radar. In addition, stray radiation exists in planar transmission lines such as microstrip lines, and unpredictable influence is generated on a radiation pattern of the radar transmitting and receiving antenna.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the utility model provides a broadband microstrip-waveguide transmission module with low loss in high-frequency transmission, which is formed by coupling a microstrip-to-rectangular waveguide conversion unit and a waveguide transmission unit, and is equivalent to a multi-conductor transmission module, wherein the transmission mode of the transmission module is selected from Coplanar waveguide (Coplanar waveguide, CPW) into a TE10 mode of the waveguide, wherein the TE10 mode has the characteristics of low dispersion, small loss and high power capacity, and the medium of the waveguide in the transmission module is air, so that the requirements of low dielectric loss and low dispersion of the transmission module at high frequency are met, and the overlarge transmission loss at the high frequency can be effectively avoided. In addition, compare in the traditional microstrip to waveguide conversion unit when there is the installation clearance in rectangular waveguide and microstrip structure, can appear the situation that transmission performance worsens rapidly, the utility model discloses well pin structure among the microstrip to rectangular waveguide conversion unit has the good stop band characteristic of similar clearance waveguide, can increase rectangular waveguide and microstrip structure's installation clearance tolerance, when pin structure and front metal level have the clearance, forms Electromagnetic Bandgap structure (EBG) between pin structure and the front metal level, the EBG structure shows the high resistance state, can effectually prevent the leakage of high frequency department wave; therefore, mode conversion and mode coupling of coplanar waveguide transmission and gap waveguide can be realized, and the problem of large loss at high frequency can be avoided while the bandwidth coverage is expanded.
The utility model discloses the technological effect that will reach realizes through following technical scheme:
the utility model relates to a broadband microstrip-waveguide transmission module with low loss in high-frequency transmission, which comprises a conversion unit from a microstrip to a rectangular waveguide, and is connected with a radar chip and used for the transmission and conversion of electromagnetic signals of the radar chip; the waveguide transmission unit is connected with the conversion unit from the microstrip to the rectangular waveguide and is used for continuing transmission of the waveguide and reducing reflection loss; the microstrip-to-rectangular waveguide conversion unit comprises a microstrip structure, a pin structure arranged on the periphery of the microstrip structure, and a rectangular waveguide connected with the pin structure.
As a preferred scheme, the microstrip structure comprises a dielectric substrate, a front metal layer, a microstrip line, a microstrip patch and a back metal floor, wherein the front metal layer, the microstrip line and the microstrip patch are arranged on the top of the dielectric substrate, and the back metal floor is arranged at the bottom of the dielectric substrate; the microstrip line is electrically connected with the microstrip patch, and the front metal layer is in clearance fit with the microstrip line and the microstrip patch.
As a preferred scheme, a plurality of via hole structures communicating the front metal layer with the back metal floor are arranged on the dielectric substrate and at the peripheries of the microstrip line and the microstrip patch.
As a preferred scheme, a rectangular window adapted to the rectangular waveguide and a strip-shaped window having the same length as the microstrip line are provided on the front metal layer.
As one preferable scheme, the microstrip line is a 50-ohm impedance line width matched with the output port of the radar chip, and a matching section is arranged between the microstrip line and the microstrip patch.
As a preferable scheme, the microstrip patch is a cuboid patch, a cylindrical patch, an elliptic cylinder patch or a prismatic patch which can be coupled with the pin structure.
As a preferable scheme, the pin structure is arranged between the front metal layer and the rectangular waveguide and located at the periphery of the rectangular window, and comprises at least two pins with different sizes.
Preferably, the pins are cuboid pins or cylindrical pins which are uniformly arranged around the rectangular window.
As a preferable scheme, the waveguide transmission unit includes a vertical transmission waveguide, a horizontal transmission waveguide, and a waveguide conversion structure disposed between the vertical transmission waveguide and the horizontal transmission waveguide.
Preferably, the waveguide conversion structure includes a first rectangular matching block and a second rectangular matching block for converting the vertical transmission waveguide into the horizontal transmission waveguide.
To sum up, the utility model discloses at least, following useful part has:
1. the utility model discloses a broadband microstrip-waveguide transmission module with low loss in high-frequency transmission, which is formed by coupling a conversion unit from a microstrip to a rectangular waveguide with a waveguide transmission unit, and has the characteristics of low dispersion, low loss and high power capacity; and the medium of the waveguide in the transmission module is air, so that the requirements of low dielectric loss and low dispersion of the transmission module at high frequency are met, and overlarge transmission loss at high frequency can be effectively avoided.
2. The utility model discloses a broadband microstrip-waveguide transmission module of low loss of high frequency transmission has add the pin structure in the microstrip conversion unit to rectangular waveguide, and the pin structure has the good stop band characteristic of similar clearance waveguide, can increase the installation clearance tolerance of rectangular waveguide and microstrip structure, the effectual high frequency of preventing department ripples reveals.
3. The utility model discloses a broadband microstrip-waveguide transmission module of low loss of high frequency transmission, waveguide transmission unit combine through vertical transmission waveguide, horizontal transmission waveguide and waveguide transform structure to form, and waveguide transform structure can effectual reduction vertical transmission to horizontal transmission's reflection loss to further reduction transmission module holistic transmission loss.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an exploded view of the overall structure of a low-loss broadband microstrip-waveguide transmission module for high-frequency transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural cross-sectional view of a broadband microstrip-waveguide transmission module with low loss in high-frequency transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an exploded view of an assembly structure of a microstrip structure and a pin structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of an assembly structure of a rectangular waveguide and a waveguide transmission unit in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is an exploded view of the overall structure of the millimeter wave radar according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention will be combined to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. The described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the invention.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, a broadband microstrip-waveguide transmission module 2 with low loss for high frequency transmission in the present embodiment includes a microstrip-to-rectangular waveguide conversion unit 10 connected to a radar chip, and a waveguide transmission unit 20 connected to the microstrip-to-rectangular waveguide conversion unit 10; the microstrip-to-rectangular waveguide conversion unit 10 is used for transmission and conversion of electromagnetic signals of the radar chip, and the waveguide transmission unit 20 is used for continuous transmission of waveguides and reduction of reflection loss.
Referring to fig. 2, the microstrip-to-rectangular waveguide conversion unit 10 includes a microstrip structure 100, a pin structure 200 disposed at the periphery of the microstrip structure 100, and a rectangular waveguide 300 connected to the pin structure 200. Wherein, the microstrip structure 100 is used for radiating the electromagnetic signal of the radar chip to the pin structure 200 and the rectangular waveguide 300; the pin structure 200 is used for increasing the tolerance of the installation gap between the rectangular waveguide 300 and the microstrip structure 100, when a gap exists between the pin structure 200 and the microstrip structure 100, an Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure is formed between the pin structure 200 and an upper layer metal of the microstrip structure 100, and the EBG structure is in a high-resistance state, so that energy leakage can be effectively prevented; the rectangular waveguide 300 has air as a transmission medium, so that the requirements of low dielectric loss and low dispersion of the transmission module at high frequency can be met, and overlarge transmission loss at high frequency can be effectively avoided.
Referring to fig. 3, the microstrip structure 100 includes a dielectric substrate 110, a front metal layer 120, a microstrip line 130 and a microstrip patch 140 disposed on the top of the dielectric substrate 110, and a back metal floor 150 disposed on the bottom of the dielectric substrate 110; the microstrip line 130 is electrically connected to the microstrip patch 140, and the front metal layer 120 is in clearance fit with the microstrip line 130 and the microstrip patch 140. The microstrip line 130 is used to connect a radar chip and transmit an electromagnetic signal of the radar chip to the microstrip patch 140, and the microstrip patch 140 is used to radiate energy or an electromagnetic wave. Preferably, a plurality of via hole structures 111 communicating the front metal layer 120 and the back metal floor 130 are arranged on the dielectric substrate 110 and at the peripheries of the microstrip lines 130 and the microstrip patches 140, and the number, size, shape and arrangement mode of the via hole structures 111 can be set according to actual requirements; the front metal layer 120 is provided with a rectangular window 121 adapted to the rectangular waveguide 300 and an elongated window 122 having the same length as the microstrip line 130; the arrangement of the via hole structure 111, the rectangular window 121, and the elongated window 122 can make the microstrip structure 100 have a structural form of ground coplanar waveguide (GCPW), so that the electromagnetic wave or energy can be transmitted to the microstrip structure 100 more easily, and thus the transmission module has stronger radiation capability, and can effectively improve the transmission efficiency of the energy or electromagnetic wave.
Further preferably, the microstrip line 130 is a 50 ohm impedance line width matched with the output port of the radar chip, and a matching section is provided between the microstrip line 130 and the microstrip patch 140. The microstrip patch 140 is disposed at one end of the microstrip line 130, and when a signal is transmitted from the radar chip to the microstrip patch 140, the microstrip patch 140 is equivalent to a transmitting antenna, converts a current in the microstrip line 130 into an electromagnetic wave, and continues to transmit after radiating the electromagnetic wave to the pin structure 200 and the rectangular waveguide 300; specifically, the microstrip patch 140 is a rectangular parallelepiped patch, a cylindrical patch, an elliptic cylindrical patch, or a prismatic patch that can be coupled to the pin structure 200, and the structure and size of the microstrip patch can be designed according to actual needs as long as the microstrip patch can be coupled to the pin structure 200.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the pin structure 200 is disposed between the front metal layer 120 and the rectangular waveguide 300, and is located at the periphery of the rectangular window 121, and mainly includes a first pin 210 and a second pin 220 with different sizes; the number, shape, size and arrangement of the first pins 210 and the second pins 220 may be designed according to actual needs as long as the characteristics of forming the EBG structure are satisfied, and preferably, the first pins 210 and the second pins 220 are rectangular pins or cylindrical pins uniformly surrounding the rectangular windows 121.
In the embodiment, the broadband microstrip-waveguide transmission module with low loss for high-frequency transmission is formed by coupling the conversion unit 10 from a microstrip to a rectangular waveguide with the waveguide transmission unit 20, and is equivalent to a multi-conductor transmission module, the transmission mode of the transmission module is converted from a Transition Electromagnetic Mode (TEM) -TEM wave mode of a Coplanar waveguide (CPW) to a TE10 mode of the waveguide, and the TE10 mode has the characteristics of low dispersion, low loss and high power capacity, and the medium of the waveguide in the transmission module is air, so that the requirements of low dielectric loss and low dispersion of the transmission module at high frequency are met, and the transmission loss at high frequency can be effectively avoided being too large. In addition, compared with the conventional microstrip-to-waveguide conversion unit 10 in which the transmission performance is rapidly deteriorated when the rectangular waveguide and the microstrip structure have an installation gap, the pin structure 200 in the microstrip-to-rectangular waveguide conversion unit 10 in the embodiment has a good stop-band characteristic similar to a gap waveguide, which can increase the tolerance of the installation gap between the rectangular waveguide 300 and the microstrip structure 100, and when the pin structure 200 and the front metal layer 120 have a gap, an Electromagnetic Bandgap structure (EBG) is formed between the pin structure 200 and the front metal layer 120, and the EBG structure is in a high-resistance state, which can effectively prevent the leakage of high-frequency waves; therefore, mode conversion and mode coupling of the coplanar waveguide transmission and the gap waveguide can realize the purpose of expanding the bandwidth coverage and simultaneously avoid the problem of large loss at high frequency.
Example 2:
referring to fig. 1, a broadband microstrip-waveguide transmission module 2 with low loss for high frequency transmission in the present embodiment includes a microstrip-to-rectangular waveguide conversion unit 10 connected to a radar chip, and a waveguide transmission unit 20 connected to the microstrip-to-rectangular waveguide conversion unit 10; the microstrip-to-rectangular waveguide conversion unit 10 is used for transmission and conversion of electromagnetic signals of the radar chip, and the waveguide transmission unit 20 is used for continuous transmission of waveguides and reduction of reflection loss.
The microstrip to rectangular waveguide conversion unit 10 in this embodiment is the same as that in embodiment 1; referring further to fig. 4, the waveguide transmission unit 20 includes a vertical transmission waveguide 400, a horizontal transmission waveguide 500, and a waveguide transition structure 600 disposed between the vertical transmission waveguide 400 and the horizontal transmission waveguide 500; preferably, the waveguide conversion structure 600 includes a first rectangular matching block 610 and a second rectangular matching block 620 for converting the vertical transmission waveguide 400 into the horizontal transmission waveguide 500, so that the reflection loss from the vertical transmission to the horizontal transmission can be effectively reduced, thereby further reducing the transmission loss of the transmission module as a whole.
Example 3:
referring to fig. 5, the millimeter wave radar antenna in the embodiment includes a PCB module 1, a broadband microstrip-waveguide transmission module 2 with low loss in high frequency transmission as described in embodiment 1 or 2, and a waveguide slot antenna 3 disposed on the broadband microstrip-waveguide transmission module 2 with low loss in high frequency transmission, where the PCB module 1 is disposed; the millimeter wave radar antenna is designed in a layered structure, specifically, the microstrip structure 100 and the radar chip are located on the same layer, namely, the microstrip structure is located on the upper surface of the PCB, the waveguide transmission unit 20 is located in the middle layer, and the waveguide slot antenna 3 is located on the uppermost layer; when the antenna is used as a transmitting antenna, signals of a radar chip are transmitted to a conversion unit 10 from a microstrip to a rectangular waveguide through a coplanar waveguide, enter a waveguide transmission unit 20 of an intermediate layer after horizontal-vertical-horizontal conversion, are transmitted to a waveguide slot antenna 3 and then are radiated to the air; if the antenna is used as a receiving antenna, the process is reversed.
The millimeter wave radar antenna in this embodiment utilizes waveguide transmission line not to have radiation loss and dielectric loss, and insertion loss is less than the characteristic of microstrip line isoplanar transmission line far away, combines the easy integrated advantage of planar transmission line to design a hierarchical antenna structure, has not only realized the miniaturized design of 4D formation of image millimeter wave radar and the nimble overall arrangement of receiving and dispatching antenna, has realized the low-loss transmission of radar chip signal to radar receiving and dispatching antenna simultaneously, has reduced the influence of transmission line to radar receiving and dispatching antenna radiation performance.
According to the technical scheme of above-mentioned embodiment, the utility model provides a broadband microstrip-waveguide transmission module of low-loss of high frequency transmission, not only the chromatic dispersion is low, the loss is little, the power capacity is high, transmission loss is too big when can effectually avoiding the high frequency, has the good stop band characteristic of similar clearance waveguide moreover, can effectually prevent revealing of high frequency department wave.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms indicating orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and do not indicate or imply that the equipment or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as being fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrated; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are used only for distinguishing between descriptions and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the present disclosure, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature may comprise both the first and second features directly contacting each other, and also may comprise the first and second features not being directly contacting each other but being in contact with each other by means of further features between them. Also, the first feature may be over, above or on the second feature including the first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being below, beneath or beneath a second feature includes the first feature being directly below and obliquely below the second feature or simply indicating that the first feature is at a lesser level than the second feature.
While the invention has been described in conjunction with the specific embodiments set forth above, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications, and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A low-loss broadband microstrip-waveguide transmission module for high-frequency transmission, comprising:
the conversion unit from the microstrip to the rectangular waveguide is connected with the radar chip and is used for transmitting and converting electromagnetic signals of the radar chip;
the waveguide transmission unit is connected with the conversion unit from the microstrip to the rectangular waveguide and is used for continuing transmission of the waveguide and reducing reflection loss; wherein,
the conversion unit from the microstrip to the rectangular waveguide comprises a microstrip structure, a pin structure arranged on the periphery of the microstrip structure, and a rectangular waveguide connected with the pin structure.
2. The broadband microstrip-waveguide transmission module according to claim 1, wherein the microstrip structure comprises a dielectric substrate, a front metal layer, a microstrip line and a microstrip patch disposed on top of the dielectric substrate, and a back metal floor disposed on bottom of the dielectric substrate; the microstrip line is electrically connected with the microstrip patch, and the front metal layer is in clearance fit with the microstrip line and the microstrip patch.
3. The module of claim 2, wherein the dielectric substrate is provided with a plurality of via structures on the periphery of the microstrip line and the microstrip patch for connecting the front metal layer and the back metal ground.
4. The module of claim 2, wherein the front metal layer has a rectangular window adapted to the rectangular waveguide and an elongated window having a length equal to that of the microstrip line.
5. The broadband microstrip-waveguide transmission module according to claim 2, wherein the microstrip line has a 50 ohm impedance line width that is adapted to an output port of the radar chip, and a matching section is provided between the microstrip line and the microstrip patch.
6. The broadband microstrip-waveguide transmission module of claim 2 wherein the microstrip patch is a cuboid patch, a cylindrical patch, an elliptic cylinder patch or a prismatic patch couplable with a pin structure.
7. The module of claim 1, wherein the pin structure is disposed between the front metal layer and the rectangular waveguide at the periphery of the rectangular window and comprises at least two different sizes of pins.
8. The broadband microstrip-waveguide transmission module of claim 7 wherein the pins are cuboid pins or cylindrical pins uniformly surrounding a rectangular window.
9. The module of claim 1, wherein the waveguide transmission unit comprises a vertical transmission waveguide, a horizontal transmission waveguide, and a waveguide transition structure disposed between the vertical transmission waveguide and the horizontal transmission waveguide.
10. The broadband microstrip-waveguide transmission module of claim 9 wherein the waveguide transition structure comprises a first rectangular matching block and a second rectangular matching block for transitioning the vertical transmission waveguide to the horizontal transmission waveguide.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117728139A (en) * | 2023-08-28 | 2024-03-19 | 上海威浪达科技有限公司 | Microstrip to waveguide structure, waveguide antenna and radar |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117728139A (en) * | 2023-08-28 | 2024-03-19 | 上海威浪达科技有限公司 | Microstrip to waveguide structure, waveguide antenna and radar |
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