CN217641420U - Hydrogen treatment system of hydrogen fuel cell - Google Patents
Hydrogen treatment system of hydrogen fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN217641420U CN217641420U CN202220733544.9U CN202220733544U CN217641420U CN 217641420 U CN217641420 U CN 217641420U CN 202220733544 U CN202220733544 U CN 202220733544U CN 217641420 U CN217641420 U CN 217641420U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a hydrogen processing system of a hydrogen fuel cell, which relates to the technical field of hydrogen fuel cells and comprises a cell stack and a monitoring mechanism, wherein the cell stack is connected with a condenser through a pipeline, the outlet of the condenser is sequentially connected with a gas-liquid separator and a catalytic reactor, the output end of the catalytic reactor is connected with a negative pressure fan, and the cell stack, the condenser, the gas-liquid separator, the catalytic reactor and the negative pressure fan form a processing mechanism; the monitoring mechanism comprises a plurality of monitoring nodes and an upper computer, wherein the monitoring nodes and the upper computer are arranged on a cell stack working site, the monitoring nodes comprise hydrogen sensors and data acquisition modules, the hydrogen sensors detect hydrogen leakage on the working site, and output signals of the hydrogen sensors are filtered through a second-order active low-pass filter circuit. This hydrogen processing system among novel can eliminate among the battery system hydrogen leak and the influence of hydrogen tail row to the enclosure space security, improves factor of safety.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a draw horse technical field, especially relate to a hydrogen fuel cell's hydrogen processing system.
Background
The hydrogen element is the most basic element in the universe and accounts for about 3/4 of the total mass of the universe. On earth, hydrogen exists mainly in a combined state in water and organic matter, and since about 71% of the surface area of the earth is covered with ocean water and land also contains abundant ground water, the content of hydrogen on earth is also extremely abundant. Simple substance hydrogen is very rare in nature, so hydrogen is a secondary energy source, and the preparation of the hydrogen must use traditional fossil energy such as coal, petroleum and natural gas or renewable energy such as solar energy, biomass energy and nuclear energy. The hydrogen has wide sources and various preparation methods, such as petroleum thermal cracking, natural gas reforming, coal gasification, electrolytic water and biological hydrogen production. Hydrogen is colorless, odorless and extremely flammable, and its density is only 1/14 of that of air at 0 ℃ and 1atm, which is currently the lightest gas known.
The product of hydrogen (liquid hydrogen) after combustion in air is water, which does not pollute the environment, and the combustion itself does not produce carbon emission. Compared with other common fuels, hydrogen has high energy density per unit mass, and the renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy and the like have low efficiency, are unstable and are inconvenient to store and transport, and the problems can be solved by converting the energy into hydrogen energy by electrolyzing water and the like. In the field of vehicles, the charging time of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is only a few minutes, while a pure electric vehicle, which is also one of the future vehicle development directions, requires several hours for charging once. In terms of endurance, the driving distance of most pure electric vehicles after once charging is about 150-200 km, and the endurance mileage of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle reaches 386-483 km respectively. Combining the above factors, hydrogen has considerable application prospects as a potential alternative fuel.
Hydrogen accidents include accidental leaks, ignition (or auto-ignition), deflagration, explosions, etc., wherein the initial stages of a hydrogen accident include accidental leaks of hydrogen from various storage systems, such as fixed storage tanks, pipelines, or vehicle transportation systems. Because hydrogen has no toxicity and almost no corrosivity, leakage or large-area leakage and evaporation of liquid hydrogen occur in a closed space or a poorly ventilated space, so that people in the space suffocate, and are contacted with the liquid hydrogen or low-temperature hydrogen steam to cause frostbite; flame is difficult to detect when hydrogen is burnt, so that the possibility of burning of people is increased; the hydrogen explosion generates strong shock waves which can cause overpressure injury to human bodies; under specific pressure and temperature conditions, hydrogen molecules can diffuse into steel and other metals in a large amount, so that the strength of the material is reduced and the material is embrittled, namely, the hydrogen embrittlement phenomenon. Hydrogen embrittlement can lead to failure of devices such as hydrogen storage tanks, gas lines and valves, causing hydrogen gas leakage.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at solving the defects in the prior art and providing a hydrogen processing system of a hydrogen fuel cell.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
a hydrogen processing system of a hydrogen fuel cell comprises a cell stack and a monitoring mechanism, wherein the cell stack is connected with a condenser through a pipeline, an outlet of the condenser is sequentially connected with a gas-liquid separator and a catalytic reactor, an output end of the catalytic reactor is connected with a negative pressure fan, and the cell stack, the condenser, the gas-liquid separator, the catalytic reactor and the negative pressure fan form a processing mechanism;
monitoring mechanism is including arranging a plurality of monitoring node and the host computer at the battery pile job site, processing mechanism is controlled by the host computer, the monitoring node includes hydrogen sensor and data acquisition module, the hydrogen sensor detects the hydrogen leakage of job site, the output signal of hydrogen sensor carries out filtering processing through second order active low pass filter circuit, data acquisition module gathers the output signal that filtering was handled, AD conversion back through the serial ports with data transmission to the host computer, the data that monitoring mechanism received are followed to the host computer, solve the hydrogen concentration information that detects and show to control processing mechanism eliminates hydrogen.
Preferably, the output end of the top end of the catalytic reactor is connected with a cooler for cooling the high-temperature air after the hydrogen is eliminated.
Preferably, the lower part of the catalytic reactor is provided with an air heater, the upper part of the catalytic reactor is provided with a dehydrogenation catalyst, and hydrogen and oxygen in the air are combined to generate water under the action of the catalyst.
Preferably, the catalytic reactor is powered by a stack of cells.
Preferably, the monitoring node comprises a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor, the hydrogen sensor, the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are connected with a main controller through a data acquisition module, and the main controller is connected with an emergency cut-off module.
Preferably, the main controller is connected to an upper computer, and the upper computer is connected with the output ends of the hydrogen sensor and the data acquisition module through a network, so that real-time monitoring of hydrogen leakage and accident prevention are realized.
Preferably, a separation net is further arranged in the working site of the cell stack, and the bottom of the separation net is provided with platinum-palladium catalytic plates which are uniformly distributed.
Preferably, the hydrogen sensor includes power module, environment detection module, peripheral auxiliary circuit and CAN bus circuit, power module accomplish the power supply, environment detection module accomplish current environmental information and detect to calculate hydrogen concentration through the PIC singlechip, show by the charactron, CAN bus circuit with calculate information send for main control unit.
Preferably, the environment detection module comprises a hydrogen concentration monitoring circuit and a temperature monitoring circuit, the hydrogen concentration monitoring circuit adopts a constant temperature difference double-bridge circuit consisting of a constant temperature difference bridge and a Wheatstone bridge, and the hydrogen sensor is lower in power consumption and can prevent water vapor condensation by combining the temperature monitoring circuit.
Preferably, the peripheral auxiliary circuit comprises an infrared receiving circuit, a nixie tube display circuit and an acousto-optic alarm circuit, wherein the nixie tube display circuit is used for displaying numerical values when detecting results and calibrating numerical values; the infrared remote control circuit is used for calibrating and setting threshold concentration; the acousto-optic alarm circuit can give an alarm when the gas concentration exceeds a threshold value.
Preferably, the hydrogen sensor adopts conductor type sensor, the hydrogen sensor adopt metal package, metallurgical powder net shell's structure, the adoption temperature sensor of hydrogen sensor detect the ambient temperature at the moment of shutting down, calculate sensor cooling time, control catalytic combustion sensor off time for the sensor temperature is higher than ambient temperature all the time, thereby can not produce more serious condensation phenomenon, the relation of cooling time kappa and ambient temperature and sensor temperature of hydrogen sensor satisfy:
κ＝ρcV·ln[(T-T′)/(T 0 -T′)]/Ah
where T' represents the temperature value at which the sensor eventually approaches a constant, approximately ambient temperature, T represents the temperature of the hydrogen sensor, T 0 The initial temperature of the environment is the volume of the sensor, A is the surface area of the hydrogen sensor, h is the surface heat transfer coefficient between the surface of the sensor and the surrounding environment, rho represents the density of the material of the hydrogen sensor, and rho cV represents the heat dissipation capacity of the hydrogen sensor and the working environment of the hydrogen fuel cell in convection, so that the low power consumption of the sensor is ensured, and the influence of condensation on the sensor is avoided.
Preferably, the sensitivity characteristic λ of the hydrogen sensor is: λ =1+ κ · Δ R t /R 0 Wherein Δ R t For detecting the resistance change value, R, caused to the hydrogen sensor by the change of ambient temperature 0 Is the resistance of the hydrogen sensor itself at room temperature.
The utility model has the advantages that:
1. the hydrogen treatment system of the hydrogen fuel cell, the hydrogenous air in the battery workplace must cool through the cooling condenser at first, the hydrogenous air which removes liquid drop through the gas-liquid separator is pressurized by the negative pressure fan and enters the catalytic reactor, the lower part of the catalytic reactor is an air heater, the air temperature is raised to 120 ℃, the solid particles dissociated because of the temperature rise are settled and separated in the middle of the catalytic reactor, the upper part of the catalytic reactor is provided with a dehydrogenation catalyst, the hydrogen and the oxygen in the air are combined into water under the action of the catalyst, the hydrogen-oxygen combination reaction is an exothermic reaction, the high-temperature air after hydrogen elimination is cooled through the air cooler, the water generated by the reaction is condensed, and the condensed water is discharged into the liquid storage tank at regular time after being collected by the condensate collecting pipe;
2. this hydrogen fuel cell's hydrogen processing system, monitoring mechanism is the accident prevention system, use hydrogen leakage as the monitoring object, unite the ventilation, automatic fire extinguishing and emergency cut-off module, realize hydrogen leakage real-time supervision and accident prevention, the monitoring node is arranged at the job site, detect the hydrogen concentration in the environment through sensor array and corresponding circuit that a plurality of the same discrete hydrogen sensors in the node constitute, then the monitoring node sends the output signal that reflects job site hydrogen concentration to the host computer, the host computer filters multichannel detected signal, temperature compensation and data fusion, then solve out hydrogen concentration and show in the host computer, realize the detection to hydrogen concentration in the industrial environment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen processing system of the hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen processing system monitoring node of the novel hydrogen fuel cell.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen processing system monitoring mechanism of the novel hydrogen fuel cell.
The reference numbers in the figures: 1. a cell stack; 2. a condenser; 3. a gas-liquid separator; 4. a catalytic reactor; 5. a negative pressure fan; 6. a cooler; 7. a hydrogen sensor; 8. a temperature sensor; 9. a pressure sensor; 10. a main controller; 11. an upper computer; 12. and a data acquisition module.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.
Example one
A hydrogen processing system of a hydrogen fuel cell comprises a cell stack 1 and a monitoring mechanism, wherein the monitoring mechanism is responsible for monitoring the concentration of hydrogen on the working site of the cell stack 1, the cell stack 1 is connected with a condenser 2 through a pipeline, an outlet of the condenser 2 is sequentially connected with a gas-liquid separator 3 and a catalytic reactor 4, an output end of the catalytic reactor 4 is connected with a negative pressure fan 5, the cell stack 1, the condenser 2, the gas-liquid separator 3, the catalytic reactor 4 and the negative pressure fan 5 form a processing mechanism, the processing mechanism is responsible for eliminating the excessive hydrogen and improving the safety coefficient of the work of the hydrogen fuel cell, the output end at the top end of the catalytic reactor 4 is further connected with a cooler 6 for cooling high-temperature air after the hydrogen is eliminated, an air heater is arranged at the lower part of the catalytic reactor 4, a hydrogen elimination catalyst is arranged at the upper part of the catalytic reactor 4, and hydrogen and oxygen in the air are combined into water under the action of the catalyst.
The hydrogen-containing air in a battery workplace is firstly cooled by a cooling condenser, the hydrogen-containing air which is removed of liquid drops by a gas-liquid separator is pressurized by a negative pressure fan and enters a catalytic reactor, the lower part of the catalytic reactor is provided with an air heater, the air temperature is raised to 120 ℃, solid particles which are dissociated due to the temperature rise are settled and separated in the middle of the catalytic reactor, the upper part of the catalytic reactor is provided with a hydrogen elimination catalyst, hydrogen and oxygen in the air are combined to generate water under the action of the catalyst, the hydrogen-oxygen combination reaction is an exothermic reaction, the high-temperature air after the hydrogen elimination is cooled by the air cooler, the water generated by the reaction is condensed, and the condensed water is collected by a condensate collecting pipe and then is discharged into a liquid storage tank at regular time.
Example two
With reference to fig. 2 and 3, the monitoring mechanism includes a plurality of monitoring nodes and an upper computer 11 arranged on the working site of the cell stack 1, the monitoring nodes include a hydrogen sensor 7 and a data acquisition module 12, the hydrogen sensor 7 detects hydrogen leakage on the working site, output signals of the hydrogen sensor 7 are filtered by a second-order active low-pass filter circuit, the leakage speed is very high due to low hydrogen density, the second-order active low-pass filter circuit is selected to filter output signals of the sensor, the response speed is high, the data acquisition module 12 acquires the filtered output signals, the data are transmitted to the upper computer 11 through a serial port after A/D conversion, the upper computer 11 receives data from the monitoring mechanism, the detected hydrogen concentration information is resolved and displayed, the processing mechanism is controlled to eliminate hydrogen, the monitoring nodes are arranged on the working site, the hydrogen concentration in the environment is detected by a sensor array composed of a plurality of identical discrete hydrogen sensors in the nodes and corresponding circuits, the monitoring nodes reflect output signals of the hydrogen concentration in the working site to the upper computer, the upper computer performs filtering, the temperature compensation and the hydrogen concentration compensation, and the hydrogen concentration in the environment is displayed, and the hydrogen concentration detection is detected in the industrial computer.
The data acquisition module is used for gathering, the AD conversion to the multichannel detection circuitry output signal after the regulation, then sends data for the host computer through the serial ports, and the host computer main function is the received data to carry out temperature compensation, concentration to data and resolve and data fusion, with improve detection precision, improve system job stabilization nature, solve and show the hydrogen concentration information that detects at last.
EXAMPLE III
The monitoring node is characterized by further comprising a temperature sensor 8 and a pressure sensor 9, the hydrogen sensor 7, the temperature sensor 8 and the pressure sensor 9 are connected to a main controller 10 through a data acquisition module 12, the main controller 10 is further connected with an emergency cut-off module, the main controller 10 is connected to an upper computer 11, the upper computer 11 shares data with a ventilation module and a fire extinguishing module, and hydrogen leakage real-time monitoring and accident prevention are achieved.
The main controller transmits received signals of the hydrogen sensor and the pressure sensor to the upper computer in real time, meanwhile, the main controller judges and processes the hydrogen sensor, when the volume fraction of the hydrogen at any position exceeds a set lower limit, namely 10% of the volume fraction of 4%, 30% and 50%, the main controller sends out alarm signals to the alarm in three levels, the leakage position is judged through the sequence number of the hydrogen sensor, the main controller transmits the leakage signals and the position signals to the upper computer, a monitoring person decides according to the accident situation, and the main controller sends back an automatic judgment cutting-off or artificial judgment cutting-off mode command. After entering an automatic judgment mode, the main controller can comprehensively process and judge the leakage strength, the leakage position, the leakage result and the cutting result, transmits a cutting signal to the emergency cutting-off module on the premise of ensuring the basic operation of the equipment, controls the electromagnetic valve at the corresponding position to cut off the hydrogen pipeline, and directly closes the fuel main valve when a plurality of leakage alarms occur; after entering the artificial judgment mode, the main controller waits for the control command of the upper computer, takes corresponding measures after receiving the control signal, and sends corresponding control commands to the ventilation module and the automatic fire extinguishing module according to the leakage information.
Example four
On the basis of the embodiment 1, a separation net is further arranged in the working site of the cell stack, platinum-palladium catalytic plates which are uniformly distributed are arranged at the bottom of the separation net, hydrogen can be subjected to chemical reaction with oxygen at a lower temperature under the catalytic action of metal platinum-palladium, hydrogen is eliminated in the chemical reaction process, water and a large amount of reaction heat are generated, the generated water exists in the form of water vapor and is mixed with air, the hot air rises due to low density, and the cold air fills the space left after the hot air rises along with the cold air, so that a benign convection circulation is formed, and continuous hydrogen elimination can be realized without external power.
EXAMPLE five
On the basis of embodiment 2, the hydrogen sensor comprises a power module, an environment detection module, a peripheral auxiliary circuit and a CAN bus circuit, wherein the power module is used for supplying power, the environment detection module is used for detecting current environment information, the hydrogen concentration is calculated through a PIC single chip microcomputer and is displayed by a nixie tube, and the CAN bus circuit is used for sending the calculated information to the main controller.
The environment detection module comprises a hydrogen concentration monitoring circuit and a temperature monitoring circuit, the hydrogen concentration monitoring circuit adopts a constant temperature difference double-bridge circuit consisting of a constant temperature difference bridge and a Wheatstone bridge, and the hydrogen sensor is lower in power consumption and can prevent steam condensation by combining the temperature monitoring circuit.
The peripheral auxiliary circuit comprises an infrared receiving circuit, a nixie tube display circuit and an acousto-optic alarm circuit, wherein the nixie tube display circuit is used for displaying numerical values when detecting results and calibrating numerical values; the infrared remote control circuit is used for calibrating and setting threshold concentration; the sound-light alarm circuit can give out an alarm when the gas concentration exceeds a threshold value.
The hydrogen sensor adopts the conductor type sensor, and the hydrogen sensor adopts metal package, the structure of metallurgical powder net shell, and the adoption temperature sensor of hydrogen sensor detects the ambient temperature of shutdown moment, calculates sensor cooling time, control catalytic combustion sensor shutdown time for sensor temperature is higher than ambient temperature all the time, thereby can not produce more serious condensation phenomenon, and hydrogen sensor's cooling time kappa satisfies with ambient temperature and sensor temperature's relation: κ = ρ cV · ln [ (T-T')/(T) 0 -T′)]Ah, where T' represents the temperature value at which the sensor eventually approaches a constant, approximately ambient temperature, T represents the temperature of the hydrogen sensor 0 The initial temperature of the environment is the volume of the sensor, A is the surface area of the hydrogen sensor, h is the surface heat transfer coefficient between the surface of the sensor and the surrounding environment, rho represents the density of the material of the hydrogen sensor, and rho cV represents the heat dissipation capacity of the hydrogen sensor and the working environment of the hydrogen fuel cell in convection, so that the low power consumption of the sensor is ensured, and the influence of condensation on the sensor is avoided.
The sensitivity characteristic λ of the hydrogen sensor is: λ =1+ κ · Δ R t /R 0 Wherein Δ R t For detecting the resistance change value, R, caused to the hydrogen sensor by the change of ambient temperature 0 The resistance value of the hydrogen sensor is the resistance value of the hydrogen sensor at room temperature, the hydrogen sensor in the monitoring node is influenced by temperature change in the environment and hydrogen in the practical work, the resistance value of the hydrogen sensor is the function quantity of the combined action of the environment temperature and the hydrogen concentration, and the resistance values of the hydrogen sensor and the reference sensor are preprocessedAnd the influence of the temperature change on the sensor can be eliminated by processing and subtracting the difference value, and the influence of the temperature change on the sensor can be eliminated.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and for simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
Above, only be the embodiment of the preferred of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art is in the technical scope of the present invention, according to the technical solution of the present invention and the design of the present invention, equivalent replacement or change should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The hydrogen treatment system of the hydrogen fuel cell comprises a cell stack (1) and a monitoring mechanism, and is characterized in that the cell stack (1) is connected with a condenser (2) through a pipeline, an outlet of the condenser (2) is sequentially connected with a gas-liquid separator (3) and a catalytic reactor (4), an output end of the catalytic reactor (4) is connected with a negative pressure fan (5), and the cell stack (1), the condenser (2), the gas-liquid separator (3), the catalytic reactor (4) and the negative pressure fan (5) form a treatment mechanism;
monitoring mechanism is including arranging a plurality of monitoring node and host computer (11) at cell stack (1) job site, processing mechanism is controlled by host computer (11), monitoring node includes hydrogen sensor (7) and data acquisition module (12), hydrogen sensor (7) detect the hydrogen leakage of job site, the output signal of hydrogen sensor (7) carries out filtering process through second order active low pass filter circuit, data acquisition module (12) gather the output signal that filtering process, AD conversion back is through serial ports with data transmission to host computer (11), data that monitoring mechanism received are followed to host computer (11), and the hydrogen concentration information that will detect is resolved and is shown to control processing mechanism eliminates hydrogen.
2. The hydrogen processing system for a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein a cooler (6) is connected to a top output end of the catalytic reactor (4).
3. The hydrogen processing system of a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein an air heater is provided at a lower portion of the catalytic reactor (4), and a dehydrogenation catalyst is provided at an upper portion of the catalytic reactor (4).
4. A hydrogen processing system for a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 3, characterized in that the catalytic reactor (4) is powered by a stack (1).
5. The hydrogen processing system of the hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring node comprises a temperature sensor (8) and a pressure sensor (9), the hydrogen sensor (7), the temperature sensor (8) and the pressure sensor (9) are connected with a main controller (10) through a data acquisition module (12), and the main controller (10) is connected with an emergency cut-off module.
6. The hydrogen processing system of the hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 5, wherein the main controller (10) is connected to an upper computer (11), and the upper computer (11) is connected to the output ends of the hydrogen sensor (7) and the data acquisition module through a network.
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| CN202220733544.9U CN217641420U (en) | 2022-03-30 | 2022-03-30 | Hydrogen treatment system of hydrogen fuel cell |
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| CN202220733544.9U CN217641420U (en) | 2022-03-30 | 2022-03-30 | Hydrogen treatment system of hydrogen fuel cell |
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