CN217589305U

CN217589305U - Explosion-proof valve structure and battery

Info

Publication number: CN217589305U
Application number: CN202221137940.1U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 方华
Original assignee: Hubei Eve Power Co Ltd
Current assignee: Hubei Eve Power Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-05-12
Filing date: 2022-05-12
Publication date: 2022-10-14
Anticipated expiration: 2032-05-12

Abstract

The utility model relates to a battery technology field especially relates to an explosion-proof valve structure and battery. The explosion-proof valve structure comprises a cover plate, an explosion-proof valve, a patch and a sliding piece, wherein the cover plate is provided with pressure relief holes penetrating through the upper end and the lower end of the cover plate. The upper end face of the cover plate is concave to form a pressure relief groove, and the pressure relief groove can be communicated with the pressure relief hole. The explosion-proof membrane and the patch are respectively arranged at the upper end opening and the lower end opening of the pressure relief hole in a blocking manner, the explosion-proof membrane is provided with a notch, and the notch is opened when the pressure value of gas is greater than or equal to a preset threshold value, so that the gas enters the pressure relief hole. The sliding part is arranged in the pressure relief groove and is provided with a closed position and a pressure relief position in the pressure relief groove. When the cut-out is closed, the slider is located at a closing position to close the pressure relief hole. When the notch is opened, the sliding piece slides to the pressure relief position under the pushing of air so as to open the pressure relief hole and enable the pressure relief hole to be communicated with the outside through the pressure relief groove. The battery improves the pressure relief efficiency through the explosion-proof valve structure, avoids the failure of the explosion-proof valve structure and prolongs the service life of the battery.

Description

Explosion-proof valve structure and battery

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a battery technology field especially relates to an explosion-proof valve structure and battery.

Background

At present, the cover plate of the battery shell is provided with a pressure relief hole of an annular step structure, and high-temperature and high-pressure gas is generated inside the battery due to short circuit, overcharge and other reasons and is discharged outside the battery through the pressure relief hole.

The explosion-proof valve structure of the battery generally comprises a cover plate, an explosion-proof membrane, a surface paste and the like. Wherein, the rupture membrane seals the upper and lower both ends of pressure release hole on the apron with face subsides shutoff to make the inner space of pressure release hole form inclosed blasting chamber. If the high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the shell cannot timely burst the explosion-proof membrane to realize rapid pressure relief, dangerous conditions such as explosion and the like can occur in the shell, and the safety performance of the battery is reduced. Meanwhile, when the explosion-proof membrane is broken, the explosion-proof valve structure fails, and the battery can only be scrapped, so that the service life of the battery is shortened, and the cost is increased.

Therefore, an explosion-proof valve structure and a battery are needed to solve the above problems.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

An object of the utility model is to provide an explosion-proof valve structure and battery to realize quick pressure release, improve the security performance of battery, can avoid explosion-proof valve structure to become invalid simultaneously, prolong the life of battery.

To achieve the purpose, the technical proposal adopted by the utility model is that:

an explosion-proof valve structure comprising:

the cover plate is provided with pressure relief holes penetrating through the upper end and the lower end of the cover plate; the upper end face of the cover plate is concave to form a pressure relief groove, and the pressure relief groove can be communicated with the pressure relief hole;

the explosion-proof membrane is used for blocking a lower end opening of the pressure relief hole and is provided with a notch, and the notch is configured to be opened when the pressure value of the gas is greater than or equal to a preset threshold value so that the gas can enter the pressure relief hole;

the patch is used for plugging an opening at the upper end of the pressure relief hole; and

the sliding piece is arranged in the pressure relief groove and is provided with a closed position and a pressure relief position in the pressure relief groove; when the cut is closed, the sliding piece is located at the closed position to close the pressure relief hole; when the cut is opened, the sliding piece slides to the pressure relief position under the pushing of air so as to open the pressure relief hole and enable the pressure relief hole to be communicated with the outside through the pressure relief groove.

Preferably, the sliding member includes:

the elastic body is arranged at one end, far away from the pressure relief hole, in the pressure relief groove; and

the sliding block is connected with the elastic body and is configured to slide to the pressure relief position under the pushing of gas and compress the elastic body when the notch is opened; when the cut-out is closed, the elastic body resets and pushes the sliding block to return to the closed position.

Preferably, one of the bottom wall of the pressure relief groove and the bottom of the slider has a slide rail, and the other has a slide groove, and the slide rail extends along the extending direction of the pressure relief groove and is in sliding fit with the slide groove.

Preferably, the pressure relief hole is a stepped hole and at least comprises a first hole and a second hole which are communicated with each other, and a first stepped surface is arranged between the first hole and the second hole;

the explosion-proof valve structure also comprises a diaphragm, wherein the diaphragm is arranged on the first step surface and divides the pressure relief hole into an upper chamber and a lower chamber; the diaphragm is provided with a plurality of air holes, the upper cavity is communicated with the lower cavity through the air holes, and the pressure relief groove can be communicated with the upper cavity.

Preferably, the pressure relief hole further comprises a third hole, the third hole is communicated with the second hole, and a second step surface is arranged between the second hole and the third hole;

the diapire in pressure release groove with second step face parallel and level, the both ends of spout extend to respectively pressure release groove with the second step face.

Preferably, the elastic body is an epoxy resin block, and the epoxy resin block and the sliding block are connected into a whole; or the epoxy resin block is connected with the sliding block in an abutting mode.

Preferably, the explosion-proof membrane comprises an integrally formed membrane body and elastic ribs, the bottom wall of the membrane body is arched upwards to form one or more elastic ribs, and the elastic ribs are provided with the notches.

Preferably, the cut is formed in the center line of the arched top of the elastic rib, and the cut extends to two opposite side walls of the explosion-proof membrane along the length direction of the elastic rib.

Preferably, the explosion-proof membrane is bonded to the lower end opening of the pressure relief hole, and the patch is bonded to the upper end opening of the pressure relief hole.

A battery comprises the explosion-proof valve structure.

The utility model has the advantages that:

the utility model provides an explosion-proof valve structure, the pressure release hole that runs through both ends about it is seted up to the apron, and the rupture membrane shutoff sets up in the lower extreme opening in pressure release hole, and the paster shutoff sets up in the upper end opening in pressure release hole, and the slider is located the closed position for the inside airtight cavity that forms in pressure release hole. When the pressure value of the gas received by the rupture membrane is larger than or equal to the preset threshold value, the gas can break the notch to enter the pressure relief hole, and the sliding piece slides to the pressure relief position under the pushing of the pressure of the gas so as to open the pressure relief hole and enable the pressure relief hole to be communicated with the outside through the pressure relief groove, and therefore the gas is discharged. When the air is exhausted, the air pressure is reduced to be lower than a preset threshold value, the cut is closed, the explosion-proof film blocks the pressure relief hole again, and the sliding piece returns to the closed position again, so that the closed cavity is formed in the pressure relief hole again. Through set up the incision on the rupture membrane for form the breach that can be backed open on the rupture membrane, it is downthehole that the incision gets into the pressure release that gaseous burst is broken fast of being convenient for, improved explosion-proof valve structure's pressure release efficiency. Simultaneously, this explosion-proof valve structure can not take place the damage when the pressure release, can recover the explosion-proof valve structure that forms again and have the pressure release effect, has avoided explosion-proof valve structure inefficacy, has prolonged explosion-proof valve structure's life.

The utility model provides a battery sets up the incision through adopting foretell explosion-proof valve structure on the rupture membrane for form the breach that can be backed down on the rupture membrane, it is downthehole that the incision entering pressure release is broken through fast to the gas of being convenient for, has improved explosion-proof valve structure's pressure release efficiency. Meanwhile, the explosion-proof valve structure cannot be damaged during pressure relief, and can be restored again to form the explosion-proof valve structure with the pressure relief effect, so that the failure of the explosion-proof valve structure is avoided, and the service life of a battery is prolonged.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a partial sectional view of an explosion-proof valve structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a structural exploded view of an explosion-proof valve structure provided by the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2 at A;

fig. 4 is a schematic partial structural view of a cover plate with a slider according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a partially enlarged view at B in fig. 2.

The component names and designations in the drawings are as follows:

1. a cover plate; 11. a pressure relief vent; 111. a first step surface; 112. a second step surface; 12. a pressure relief groove; 121. a chute; 2. an explosion-proof membrane; 20. cutting; 21. a membrane body; 22. an elastic rib; 3. pasting a piece; 4. a slider; 41. an elastomer; 42. a slider; 5. a membrane.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problem solved by the present invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention and the technical effect achieved by the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be further explained by combining the drawings and by means of the specific implementation manner. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some but not all of the elements related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.

In the description of the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning permanently connected, detachably connected, or integral to one another; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood as a specific case by those skilled in the art.

In the present disclosure, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may comprise direct contact between the first and second features, or may comprise contact between the first and second features not directly. Also, the first feature "on," "above" and "over" the second feature may include the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

In the description of the present embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", etc. are used in an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings only for convenience of description and simplicity of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes and are not intended to be limiting.

The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

At present, the battery generally comprises a shell, a cover plate, a winding core and other structures, wherein the winding core is positioned in the shell, and the cover plate plugs the opening end of the shell, so that a good insulation environment is formed in the battery. When the battery generates high-temperature and high-pressure gas inside due to short circuit, overcharge and other reasons, the pressure of the gas needs to be relieved through the explosion-proof valve structure on the cover plate so as to ensure the safety of the battery. If the high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the shell can not be timely decompressed, dangerous conditions such as explosion and the like can occur in the shell, and the safety performance of the battery is reduced. Meanwhile, after the explosion-proof membrane structure is decompressed, the structure is damaged, the battery can only be scrapped, and the service life of the battery is shortened.

In order to solve the above problems, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present embodiment discloses an explosion-proof valve structure including a cover plate 1, an explosion-proof membrane 2, a patch 3, and a slider 4. The cover plate 1 is provided with a pressure relief hole 11 penetrating through the upper end and the lower end of the cover plate. The upper end face of the cover plate 1 is concave to form a pressure relief groove 12, and the pressure relief groove 12 can be communicated with the pressure relief hole 11. The rupture membrane 2 blocks and is arranged at the lower end opening of the pressure relief hole 11, the rupture membrane 2 is provided with a notch 20, and the notch 20 is opened when the pressure value of gas is greater than or equal to a preset threshold value, so that the gas enters the pressure relief hole 11. The patch 3 is plugged at the upper end opening of the pressure relief hole 11. The slider 4 is disposed in the pressure relief groove 12 and has a closed position and a pressure relief position in the pressure relief groove 12. When the slit 20 is closed, the slider 4 is located at the closing position to close the pressure relief hole 11. When the slit 20 is opened, the slider 4 slides to the relief position by the push of the gas to open the relief hole 11 and make the relief hole 11 communicate with the outside through the relief groove 12.

In this embodiment, the patch 3 and the rupture disk 2 are respectively sealed and arranged at the upper end opening and the lower end opening of the pressure relief hole 11, and the sliding member 4 is located at the sealed position, so that a sealed chamber is formed inside the pressure relief hole 11. When the pressure value of the gas received by the rupture membrane 2 is greater than or equal to the preset threshold value, the gas can burst the notch 20 and enter the pressure relief hole 11, and the sliding piece 4 slides to the pressure relief position under the pushing of the pressure of the gas so as to open the pressure relief hole 11 and enable the pressure relief hole 11 to be communicated with the outside through the pressure relief groove 12, and therefore the gas is discharged. When the gas is exhausted, the gas pressure drops below the preset threshold value, the notch 20 is closed, the rupture disk 2 blocks the pressure relief hole 11 again, and the sliding piece 4 returns to the closed position again, so that a closed chamber is formed inside the pressure relief hole 11 again. Through set up incision 20 on rupture membrane 2 for form the breach that can be backed down on rupture membrane 2, the gas of being convenient for breaks incision 20 fast and gets into pressure release hole 11 in, improved the pressure release efficiency of explosion-proof valve structure. Simultaneously, this explosion-proof valve structure can not take place the damage when the pressure release, can recover the explosion-proof valve structure that forms again and have the pressure release effect, has avoided explosion-proof valve structure inefficacy, has prolonged explosion-proof valve structure's life.

As shown in fig. 1-3, the rupture membrane 2 includes an integrally formed membrane body 21 and elastic ribs 22, and the bottom wall of the membrane body 21 is upwardly arched to form one or more elastic ribs 22, so that the rupture membrane 2 can be formed by one-step injection molding, and is simple and convenient to process and low in cost. The elastic rib 22 is provided with a notch 20 to form a notch of the rupture disk 2 which can be pushed open. The elastic ribs 22 are U-shaped structures, and when the battery is in normal use, the air pressure in the housing is kept in a stable range (lower than a preset threshold), and the elastic ribs 22 are mutually extruded at the position of the notch 20 under the action of the elasticity of the elastic ribs 22, so that the notch 20 is kept closed. When the battery is out of control due to heat, the generated high-temperature and high-pressure gas can quickly burst the notch 20 and enter the pressure relief hole 11, so that the pressure relief efficiency is improved.

In addition, because the elastic rib 22 is arched towards the direction close to the patch 3, the structural strength of the explosion-proof membrane 2 can be enhanced, meanwhile, the internal space of the battery is prevented from being occupied, and the utilization rate of the internal space of the battery is improved.

It should be noted that the cut 20 is opened at the central line position of the arched top of the elastic rib 22, and the cut 20 extends to the two opposite side walls of the rupture membrane 2 along the length direction of the elastic rib 22, so as to increase the opening size of the cut 20 and improve the pressure relief efficiency of the cut 20. The slit 20 of this embodiment divides the resilient rib 22 into symmetrical first and second portions that enclose a U-shaped air relief slot that opens into the housing. When the high pressure gas in the housing impacts the U-shaped relief groove, the first and second portions separate at the centerline of the top thereof, thereby allowing the slit 20 to be opened. Because the elastic rib 22 has the maximum elastic restoring force at the arched top, the punched notch 20 can be quickly restored after the pressure relief is completed, so as to quickly close the notch 20, and the explosion-proof membrane 2 blocks the pressure relief hole 11 again and restores to form an explosion-proof valve structure with the pressure relief effect.

Specifically, the diapire of diaphragm 21 arches upwards and forms the elastic rib 22 that a plurality of intervals set up for rupture membrane 2 has a plurality of incisions 20, has improved the flow that high temperature, highly compressed gas got into pressure release hole 11, is favorable to quick pressure release. As shown in fig. 2, the number of the elastic ribs 22 in the present embodiment is three, and it is understood that the number of the elastic ribs 22 may be one, two, or more than four.

As shown in fig. 2 and 4, the slider 4 includes an elastic body 41 and a slider 42, and the elastic body 41 is disposed at one end of the pressure relief groove 12 away from the pressure relief hole 11. The slider 42 is connected to the elastic body 41. When the slit 20 is opened, the slider 42 slides to the relief position under the push of the gas and compresses the elastic body 41. When the slit 20 is closed, the elastic body 41 is restored and pushes the slider 42 back to the closed position.

When the battery is normally used, the sliding block 42 is located at a closed position, that is, the sliding block 42 is blocked between the pressure relief groove 12 and the pressure relief hole 11, so that the inside of the pressure relief hole 11 is kept in a sealed state. After the battery takes place thermal runaway, high temperature, highly compressed gas breaks through incision 20 and gets into in the pressure release hole 11, and promote slider 42 along keeping away from the direction of pressure release hole 11 along sliding to the pressure release position, elastomer 41 receives the extrusion this moment, pressure release hole 11 is through pressure release groove 12 and outside intercommunication, high temperature, high pressure gas loops through pressure release hole 11 and pressure release groove 12 after discharge to the battery outside, the quick pressure release of explosion-proof valve structure has been realized, avoid high temperature, high pressure gas gathers in the battery inside and takes place the explosion. After the pressure relief is completed, the air pressure in the shell is reduced, the notch 20 is closed, the elastic body 41 is reset, and the sliding block 42 is pushed back to the closed position from the pressure relief position, so that a closed cavity is formed in the pressure relief hole 11 again, and the structural failure of the explosion-proof valve is avoided.

As shown in fig. 4, the elastic body 41 of the present embodiment is an epoxy block, and the epoxy block is integrally connected to the slider 42, so that the slider 4 can be integrally installed in the pressure relief groove 12, and the installation efficiency of the slider 4 is improved. Or, the epoxy resin block is connected with the sliding block 42 in a split type and in butt joint mode, so that the epoxy resin block and the sliding block 42 are convenient to replace.

It should be noted that the epoxy resin block and the slider 42 are filled in the pressure relief groove 12, so that the slider 42 and the pressure relief groove 12 are kept in tight fit, and a gap between the epoxy resin block and the slider 42 and the pressure relief groove 12 respectively is avoided, which results in a sealing failure of the pressure relief hole 11.

In this embodiment, the rupture membrane 2 is bonded to the lower end opening of the pressure relief hole 11, and the patch 3 is bonded to the upper end opening of the pressure relief hole 11, so that the pressure relief hole 11 forms a good sealing environment. It should be noted that the patch 3 is able to completely cover the slider 42 in the closed position, thus ensuring a good seal in the pressure relief vent 11. When the slider 42 is slid to the pressure relief position, the slider 42 is out of contact with the patch 3, thereby allowing the pressure relief hole 11 to communicate with the outside through the pressure relief groove 12.

Further, one of the bottom wall of the pressure relief groove 12 and the bottom of the slider 42 has a slide rail (not shown in the drawings), and the other has a slide groove 121, the slide rail extends along the extending direction of the pressure relief groove 12 and is in sliding fit with the slide groove 121, so that a guiding and limiting effect on the slider 42 is formed, and the slider 42 slides more stably and stably between the closed position and the pressure relief position. Specifically, the bottom wall of the pressure relief groove 12 is provided with two parallel sliding grooves 121, and the bottom of the sliding block 42 correspondingly has two sliding rails. In other embodiments, the bottom wall of the pressure relief groove 12 may further be convexly provided with two parallel sliding rails, and the bottom of the sliding block 42 is correspondingly concavely formed with two parallel sliding grooves 121.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the relief hole 11 is a stepped hole, and the relief hole 11 includes at least a first hole and a second hole that are communicated with each other, and a first stepped surface 111 is provided between the first hole and the second hole. The explosion-proof valve structure further includes a diaphragm 5, and the diaphragm 5 is disposed on the first step surface 111 and divides the pressure relief hole 11 into an upper chamber and a lower chamber. The diaphragm 5 is provided with a plurality of air holes, the upper cavity is communicated with the lower cavity through the air holes, and the pressure relief groove 12 can be communicated with the upper cavity.

Specifically, the pressure relief hole 11 is a waist-shaped stepped hole, wherein the first hole is located below the second hole, and the opening area of the first hole is smaller than that of the second hole, so that a first stepped surface 111 is formed between the first hole and the second hole. Because the high-temperature and high-pressure gas entering the pressure relief hole 11 contains impurities such as particles generated by thermal runaway of the battery, the impurities can be blocked in the lower cavity of the pressure relief hole 11 under the filtering action of the permeable air hole, the clean gas can enter the upper cavity, and the pressure relief groove 12 is prevented from being blocked by the impurities.

As shown in FIG. 5, the pressure relief vent 11 also includes a third vent in communication with the second vent with a second step surface 112 therebetween. The bottom wall of the pressure relief groove 12 is flush with the second step surface 112, and both ends of the sliding groove 121 extend to the pressure relief groove 12 and the second step surface 112 respectively.

Specifically, the second hole is located below the third hole, and the opening area of the second hole is smaller than that of the third hole, so that a second step surface 112 is formed between the second hole and the third hole. Because the diapire and the second step face 112 parallel and level of pressure release groove 12 for some sliders 42 can stretch into in the pressure release hole 11, thereby improve slider 42's shutoff effect, thereby guarantee to have good sealed in the pressure release hole 11. And the sliding block 42 can be prevented from falling into the pressure relief hole 11 in the sliding process, and the sliding block 42 is ensured to stably slide between the closed position and the pressure relief position.

The battery of this embodiment sets up incision 20 on rupture membrane 2 through adopting foretell explosion-proof valve structure for form the breach that can be backed down on rupture membrane 2, the gas of being convenient for breaks incision 20 fast and gets into pressure release hole 11 in, has improved explosion-proof valve structure's pressure release efficiency. Simultaneously, this explosion-proof valve structure can not take place the damage when the pressure release, can recover the explosion-proof valve structure who forms the pressure release effect again, has avoided explosion-proof valve structure inefficacy, has prolonged the life of battery.

The above embodiments have been described only the basic principles and features of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments, and is not departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. An explosion-proof valve structure, comprising:

the pressure relief cover comprises a cover plate (1), wherein the cover plate (1) is provided with pressure relief holes (11) penetrating through the upper end and the lower end of the cover plate; the upper end face of the cover plate (1) is concave to form a pressure relief groove (12), and the pressure relief groove (12) can be communicated with the pressure relief hole (11);

the explosion-proof membrane (2) is used for blocking a lower end opening of the pressure relief hole (11), the explosion-proof membrane (2) is provided with a notch (20), and the notch (20) can be opened when the pressure value of gas is greater than or equal to a preset threshold value, so that the gas enters the pressure relief hole (11);

the patch (3) is used for plugging an opening at the upper end of the pressure relief hole (11); and

a slider (4) disposed in the pressure relief groove (12) and having a closed position and a pressure relief position in the pressure relief groove (12); when the cut (20) is closed, the sliding piece (4) is located at the closed position to close the pressure relief hole (11); when the cut (20) is opened, the sliding piece (4) slides to the pressure relief position under the pushing of air so as to open the pressure relief hole (11) and enable the pressure relief hole (11) to be communicated with the outside through the pressure relief groove (12).

2. Explosion-proof valve structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the slide (4) comprises:

the elastic body (41) is arranged at one end, far away from the pressure relief hole (11), in the pressure relief groove (12); and

a slider (42) connected to the elastic body (41), wherein the slider (42) is configured such that when the slit (20) is opened, the slider (42) slides to the pressure relief position under the push of gas and compresses the elastic body (41); when the slit (20) is closed, the elastic body (41) is reset and pushes the slider (42) to return to the closed position.

3. Explosion-proof valve construction according to claim 2, characterized in that one of the bottom wall of the pressure relief groove (12) and the bottom of the slide (42) has a sliding track and the other has a sliding groove (121), the sliding track extending in the direction of extension of the pressure relief groove (12) and being in sliding engagement with the sliding groove (121).

4. An explosion-proof valve structure according to claim 3, wherein the pressure relief hole (11) is a stepped hole including at least a first hole and a second hole communicating with each other with a first stepped surface (111) therebetween;

the explosion-proof valve structure further comprises a diaphragm (5), wherein the diaphragm (5) is arranged on the first step surface (111) and divides the pressure relief hole (11) into an upper cavity and a lower cavity; a plurality of air holes are formed in the diaphragm (5), the upper cavity is communicated with the lower cavity through the air holes, and the pressure relief groove (12) can be communicated with the upper cavity.

5. An explosion-proof valve arrangement as claimed in claim 4, characterised in that the pressure relief vent (11) further comprises a third vent communicating with the second vent with a second step face (112) therebetween;

the bottom wall of the pressure relief groove (12) is flush with the second step surface (112), and two ends of the sliding groove (121) respectively extend to the pressure relief groove (12) and the second step surface (112).

6. Explosion-proof valve structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the elastomer body (41) is a block of epoxy resin, which is integrally connected with the slider (42); or the epoxy resin block is connected with the sliding block (42) in an abutting mode.

7. An explosion-proof valve structure as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the explosion-proof membrane (2) comprises a membrane body (21) and elastic ribs (22) which are integrally formed, the bottom wall of the membrane body (21) is arched upwards to form one or more elastic ribs (22), and the elastic ribs (22) are provided with the notches (20).

8. An explosion-proof valve structure according to claim 7, characterized in that the notch (20) is opened at the midline position of the arched top of the elastic rib (22), and the notch (20) extends to the two opposite side walls of the explosion-proof membrane (2) along the length direction of the elastic rib (22).

9. The explosion-proof valve structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the rupture membrane (2) is bonded to a lower end opening of the pressure relief hole (11), and the patch (3) is bonded to an upper end opening of the pressure relief hole (11).

10. A battery comprising the explosion-proof valve structure of any one of claims 1 to 9.