CN217520837U

CN217520837U - Sampling equipment for preventing and treating atmospheric pollution

Info

Publication number: CN217520837U
Application number: CN202220213999.8U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 薛珍龙
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2022-01-26
Filing date: 2022-01-26
Publication date: 2022-09-30
Anticipated expiration: 2032-01-26

Abstract

The utility model discloses a sampling equipment is used in atmosphere pollution prevention and cure, including bottom plate, collecting box, receiving flask and connecting pipe, the equal fixed connection of collecting box and receiving flask is at the upper surface of bottom plate, collecting box and receiving flask are linked together through the connecting pipe, the bleeder vent has all been seted up to the left and right sides of collecting box, the inside of collecting box is provided with the piston ring, the top of piston ring is provided with a screw thread section of thick bamboo, the upper surface of collecting box is run through on the top of a screw thread section of thick bamboo. A sampling equipment for atmosphere pollution control, can drive the push pedal removal that adjusting part extrudeed the left and right sides in proper order at rotatory in-process through a screw thread section of thick bamboo, the push pedal can make briquetting and rubber pad and bleeder vent break away from at the in-process that removes to make the piston ring inhale the atmosphere through the bleeder vent of the left and right sides at the in-process that removes, be convenient for mix the atmosphere of equidirectional, improve later stage testing result's accuracy.

Description

Sampling equipment for preventing and treating atmospheric pollution

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an atmosphere pollution control field, in particular to sampling equipment field for atmosphere pollution control.

Background

The sampler has a plurality of types, and can be divided into a gas sampler and a particulate matter sampler according to a collection object; the sampler can be divided into an environment sampler, an indoor sampler and a pollution source sampler according to the using places, and also has an atmosphere sampler with special purposes, such as a sampler for simultaneously collecting gas and particles, and can collect sulfur dioxide and particles or hydrogen fluoride and particles in the atmosphere, so that the mutual relation of sulfur or fluorine in gaseous and solid substances can be conveniently researched, and the sampler for collecting bacteria in the air is also provided. In the process of sampling the atmosphere, a sampling device is generally used for sampling the atmosphere.

But current sampling equipment for air pollution prevention and cure is mostly single air sampling, can only inhale the air of one side when the sampling, is not convenient for mix the atmosphere of equidirectional not, has certain limitation, influences the accuracy of testing result.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model discloses a main aim at provides a sampling equipment is used in atmosphere pollution prevention and cure, can effectively solve the problem in the background art.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

a sampling device for preventing and treating atmospheric pollution comprises a bottom plate, a collecting box, a collecting bottle and a connecting pipe, wherein the collecting box and the collecting bottle are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the bottom plate, the collecting box and the collecting bottle are communicated through the connecting pipe, air holes are formed in the left side and the right side of the collecting box, a piston ring is arranged in the collecting box, a threaded cylinder is arranged above the piston ring, the top end of the threaded cylinder penetrates through the upper surface of the collecting box and is rotatably connected with the collecting box through a bearing, the middle part of the upper surface of the piston ring is rotatably connected with a lead screw through the bearing, the top end of the lead screw penetrates through the threaded cylinder, the lead screw is in threaded connection with the threaded cylinder, an adjusting component is arranged on the outer surface of the top end of the threaded cylinder, a rotating component is arranged on the front surface of the threaded cylinder, and connecting seats are fixedly connected to the bottom ends of the left side and the right side of the collecting box, the utility model discloses a piston ring, including connecting seat, montant and collecting box, the montant is provided with the sealing component who corresponds with the bleeder vent through round pin hub rotation on the connecting seat, the first spring of fixedly connected with between montant and the collecting box, one side that the montant is close to the collecting box is provided with the sealing component corresponding with the bleeder vent, the top fixedly connected with horizontal pole of montant, the one end fixedly connected with push pedal that the horizontal pole is close to a screw thread section of thick bamboo sets up like this and can drive the push pedal removal of adjusting part extrusion left and right sides in proper order through a screw thread section of thick bamboo in rotatory in-process, and the push pedal can make briquetting and rubber pad and bleeder vent break away from at the in-process that removes to make the piston ring inhale the atmosphere through the bleeder vent of the left and right sides at the in-process that removes, be convenient for mix the atmosphere of equidirectional, improve later stage testing result's accuracy.

The utility model discloses further improvement lies in, adjusting part includes movable block and arch, the surface at a screw thread section of thick bamboo is established to the movable block cover, the equal fixedly connected with slider in the left and right sides of movable block inner wall, the spout with slider looks adaptation is all seted up to the left and right sides of a screw thread section of thick bamboo, sets up like this that a screw thread section of thick bamboo can drive the movable block rotatory at rotatory in-process, and the movable block can drive protruding rotation at rotatory in-process, and the arch can extrude the push pedal of left and right sides in proper order at rotatory in-process and remove.

The utility model discloses a further improvement lies in, rotating assembly includes first bevel gear, second bevel gear, pivot and the first in command, first bevel gear fixed connection is at the surface of a screw thread section of thick bamboo, second bevel gear is connected with first bevel gear meshing, the back and the second bevel gear fixed connection of pivot, the front of pivot run through the collecting box and with first in command fixed connection, the pivot is passed through the bearing and is connected with the collecting box rotation, and it is rotatory to set up to rotate first in command like this and drive the pivot, and the pivot can drive the second bevel gear rotatory at rotatory in-process, because second bevel gear is connected with first bevel gear meshing, the second bevel gear can drive a screw thread section of thick bamboo rotatory at rotatory in-process this moment.

The utility model discloses a further improvement lies in, seal assembly includes briquetting and rubber pad, one side and montant fixed connection of briquetting, the opposite side and the rubber pad fixed connection of briquetting, the diameter of rubber pad is greater than the diameter of bleeder vent, sets up the montant like this and can drive the briquetting and remove at rotatory in-process, and the briquetting can drive the rubber pad and the bleeder vent breaks away from at the in-process that removes to make the piston ring inhale the atmosphere through the bleeder vent of the left and right sides at the in-process that removes.

The utility model discloses a further improvement lies in, the fixed case of positive fixedly connected with of movable block, the inside sliding connection of fixed case has the fly leaf, the positive fixedly connected with round bar of fly leaf, the front of round bar runs through fixed case and fixedly connected with second handle, round bar and fixed case sliding connection, the surface cover of round bar is equipped with the second spring, the back fixedly connected with kelly of fly leaf, the back of kelly run through the movable block and with screw thread section of thick bamboo joint, set up like this and stimulate the second handle and drive the round bar and remove forward, the round bar can drive the fly leaf and slide in the fixed case at the in-process that removes, and the fly leaf can drive the kelly and break away from with the screw thread section of thick bamboo at gliding in-process.

The utility model discloses further improvement lies in, the draw-in groove has all been seted up at the positive upper and lower both ends of a screw thread section of thick bamboo, draw-in groove and kelly looks adaptation set up the draw-in groove joint of kelly and upside like this and can make arch and push pedal separation, and the convenience is sampled the atmosphere.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:

1. it is rotatory to drive a screw section of thick bamboo through rotating assembly, because lead screw and screw section of thick bamboo threaded connection, screw section of thick bamboo can drive the lead screw rebound at rotatory in-process this moment, the lead screw can drive the piston ring at the in-process that removes and remove, screw section of thick bamboo can drive the movable block and protruding rotatory at rotatory in-process simultaneously, the protruding push pedal that can extrude both sides in proper order removes at rotatory in-process, the push pedal can drive the montant around the connecting seat is rotatory and tensile first spring at the in-process that removes through the horizontal pole, the montant can drive briquetting and rubber pad and bleeder vent at rotatory in-process and break away from, thereby make the piston ring inhale the atmosphere through the bleeder vent of the left and right sides at the in-process that removes, be convenient for mix the atmosphere of equidirectional, improve the accuracy of later stage testing result.

2. Drive the round bar through the pulling second handle and move forward, the round bar can drive the fly leaf at the in-process that removes and slide in the fixed box, and the fly leaf can drive the kelly and break away from in the draw-in groove of downside at gliding in-process, then with the movable block together with the slider along spout rebound to make the draw-in groove joint of kelly and upside, thereby make protruding and push pedal separation, the convenience is sampled the atmosphere.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is the utility model relates to an overall structure schematic diagram of sampling equipment for air pollution prevention and cure.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged schematic structural diagram of a position a in fig. 1 of the sampling device for preventing and treating atmospheric pollution of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the front view section structure of the sampling device for preventing and treating atmospheric pollution.

Fig. 4 is the utility model relates to a sampling equipment's for prevention and cure of atmospheric pollution rotating assembly's schematic structure.

Fig. 5 is the schematic view of the installation structure of the movable block and the threaded cylinder of the sampling device for preventing and treating atmospheric pollution of the utility model.

In the figure: 1. a base plate; 2. a collection box; 3. a collection bottle; 4. a connecting pipe; 5. air holes are formed; 6. a piston ring; 7. a threaded barrel; 8. a screw rod; 9. a first spring; 10. an adjustment assembly; 11. a rotating assembly; 12. a connecting seat; 13. a vertical rod; 14. a seal assembly; 15. a cross bar; 16. pushing the plate; 1001. a movable block; 1002. a protrusion; 1003. a slider; 1004. a chute; 1101. a first bevel gear; 1102. a second bevel gear; 1103. a rotating shaft; 1104. a first handle; 1401. briquetting; 1402. a rubber pad; 17. a fixed box; 18. a movable plate; 19. a round bar; 20. a second handle; 21. a second spring; 22. a clamping rod; 23. a clamping groove.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, the creative features, the achievement purposes and the functions of the present invention easy to understand, in the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate the orientation or the positional relationship based on the orientation or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but not for indicating or implying that the indicated device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "a," "an," "two," and "three" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The present invention will be further described with reference to the following detailed description.

Example 1

As shown in figures 1-5, a sampling device for preventing and treating atmospheric pollution comprises a bottom plate 1, a collecting box 2, a collecting bottle 3 and a connecting pipe 4, wherein the collecting box 2 and the collecting bottle 3 are both fixedly connected to the upper surface of the bottom plate 1, the collecting box 2 is communicated with the collecting bottle 3 through the connecting pipe 4, air holes 5 are formed in the left side and the right side of the collecting box 2, a piston ring 6 is arranged inside the collecting box 2, a threaded cylinder 7 is arranged above the piston ring 6, the top end of the threaded cylinder 7 penetrates through the upper surface of the collecting box 2, the threaded cylinder 7 is rotatably connected with the collecting box 2 through a bearing, the middle part of the upper surface of the piston ring 6 is rotatably connected with a lead screw 8 through a bearing, the top end of the lead screw 8 penetrates through the threaded cylinder 7, the lead screw 8 is in threaded connection with the threaded cylinder 7, an adjusting assembly 10 is arranged on the outer surface of the top end of the threaded cylinder 7, the adjusting assembly 10 comprises a movable block 1001 and a protrusion 1002, the movable block 1001 is sleeved on the outer surface of the threaded cylinder 7, sliding blocks 1003 are fixedly connected to the left side and the right side of the inner wall of the movable block 1001, sliding grooves 1004 matched with the sliding blocks 1003 are formed in the left side and the right side of the threaded cylinder 7, a rotating assembly 11 is arranged on the front face of the threaded cylinder 7, the rotating assembly 11 comprises a first bevel gear 1101, a second bevel gear 1102, a rotating shaft 1103 and a first handle 1104, the first bevel gear 1101 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the threaded cylinder 7, the second bevel gear 1102 is meshed with the first bevel gear 1101, the back face of the rotating shaft 1103 is fixedly connected with the second bevel gear 1102, the front face of the rotating shaft 1103 penetrates through the collecting box 2 and is fixedly connected with the first handle 1104, the rotating shaft 1103 is rotatably connected with the collecting box 2 through a bearing, connecting seats 12 are fixedly connected to the bottom ends of the left side and the right side of the collecting box 2, a vertical rod 13 is rotatably connected to the connecting seats 12 through a pin shaft, a first spring 9 is fixedly connected between the vertical rod 13 and the collecting box 2, a sealing assembly 14 corresponding to the air holes 5 is arranged on one side of the vertical rod 13 close to the collecting box 2, the sealing assembly 14 comprises a pressing block 1401 and a rubber pad 1402, one side of the pressing block 1401 is fixedly connected with the vertical rod 13, the other side of the pressing block 1401 is fixedly connected with the rubber pad 1402, the diameter of the rubber pad 1402 is larger than that of the air holes 5, the top end of the vertical rod 13 is fixedly connected with a cross rod 15, and one end of the cross rod 15, which is close to the threaded cylinder 7, is fixedly connected with a push plate 16.

The embodiment can realize that: the screw thread cylinder 7 is driven to rotate by the rotating component 11, and because the screw thread cylinder 7 is in threaded connection with the screw thread cylinder 8, the screw thread cylinder 7 can drive the screw thread cylinder 8 to move upwards in the rotating process, the screw thread cylinder 8 can drive the piston ring 6 to move in the moving process, meanwhile, the threaded barrel 7 can drive the movable block 1001 and the protrusion 1002 to rotate in the rotating process, the protrusion 1002 can sequentially extrude the push plates 16 on the left side and the right side to move in the rotating process, the push plates 16 can drive the vertical rod 13 to rotate around the connecting seat 12 through the cross rod 15 in the moving process and stretch the first spring 9, the vertical rod 13 can drive the pressing block 1401 and the rubber pad 1402 to be separated from the air holes 5 in the rotating process, thereby make piston ring 6 inhale the atmosphere through the bleeder vent 5 of the left and right sides at the in-process that removes, be convenient for mix the atmosphere of equidirectional not, improve the accuracy of later stage testing result.

Example 2

As shown in figures 1-5, a sampling device for preventing and treating atmospheric pollution comprises a bottom plate 1, a collecting box 2, a collecting bottle 3 and a connecting pipe 4, wherein the collecting box 2 and the collecting bottle 3 are both fixedly connected to the upper surface of the bottom plate 1, the collecting box 2 is communicated with the collecting bottle 3 through the connecting pipe 4, air holes 5 are formed in the left side and the right side of the collecting box 2, a piston ring 6 is arranged inside the collecting box 2, a threaded cylinder 7 is arranged above the piston ring 6, the top end of the threaded cylinder 7 penetrates through the upper surface of the collecting box 2, the threaded cylinder 7 is rotatably connected with the collecting box 2 through a bearing, the middle part of the upper surface of the piston ring 6 is rotatably connected with a lead screw 8 through a bearing, the top end of the lead screw 8 penetrates through the threaded cylinder 7, the lead screw 8 is in threaded connection with the threaded cylinder 7, an adjusting assembly 10 is arranged on the outer surface of the top end of the threaded cylinder 7, the adjusting assembly 10 comprises a movable block 1001 and a protrusion 1002, the movable block 1001 is sleeved on the outer surface of the threaded cylinder 7, the left side and the right side of the inner wall of the movable block 1001 are both fixedly connected with sliding blocks 1003, the left side and the right side of the threaded cylinder 7 are both provided with sliding grooves 1004 matched with the sliding blocks 1003, the front surface of the threaded cylinder 7 is provided with a rotating component 11, the rotating component 11 comprises a first bevel gear 1101, a second bevel gear 1102, a rotating shaft 1103 and a first handle 1104, the first bevel gear 1101 is fixedly connected on the outer surface of the threaded cylinder 7, the second bevel gear 1102 is meshed with the first bevel gear 1101, the back surface of the rotating shaft 1103 is fixedly connected with the second bevel gear 1102, the front surface of the rotating shaft 1103 penetrates through the collecting box 2 and is fixedly connected with the first handle 1104, the rotating shaft 1103 is rotatably connected with the collecting box 2 through a bearing, the bottom ends of the left side and the right side of the collecting box 2 are both fixedly connected with connecting seats 12, the connecting seats 12 are rotatably connected with vertical bars 13 through pin shafts, first springs 9 are fixedly connected between the vertical bars 13 and the collecting box 2, one side of the vertical bars 13, which is close to the collecting box 2, is provided with sealing components 14 corresponding to the air holes 5, the sealing assembly 14 comprises a pressing block 1401 and a rubber pad 1402, one side of the pressing block 1401 is fixedly connected with a vertical rod 13, the other side of the pressing block 1401 is fixedly connected with the rubber pad 1402, the diameter of the rubber pad 1402 is larger than the diameter of the air holes 5, the top end of the vertical rod 13 is fixedly connected with a cross rod 15, one end of the cross rod 15 close to the threaded cylinder 7 is fixedly connected with a push plate 16, the front surface of the movable block 1001 is fixedly connected with a fixed box 17, the inner part of the fixed box 17 is slidably connected with a movable plate 18, the front surface of the movable plate 18 is fixedly connected with a round rod 19, the front surface of the round rod 19 penetrates through the fixed box 17 and is fixedly connected with a second handle 20, the round rod 19 is slidably connected with the fixed box 17, the outer surface of the round rod 19 is sleeved with a second spring 21, the back surface of the movable plate 18 is fixedly connected with a clamping rod 22, the back surface of the clamping rod 22 penetrates through the movable block 1001 and is clamped with the threaded cylinder 7, the upper and lower ends of the front surface of the threaded cylinder 7 are both provided with clamping grooves 23, the clamping groove 23 is matched with the clamping rod 22.

The embodiment can realize that: the round rod 19 is driven to move forwards by pulling the second handle 20, the round rod 19 can drive the movable plate 18 to slide in the fixed box 17 in the moving process, the movable plate 18 can drive the clamping rod 22 to be separated from the clamping groove 23 on the lower side in the sliding process, then the movable block 1001 and the sliding block 1003 move upwards along the sliding groove 1004, the clamping rod 22 is clamped with the clamping groove 23 on the upper side, the protrusion 1002 is separated from the push plate 16, and the atmosphere is conveniently sampled.

It should be noted that, the utility model relates to a sampling device for preventing and treating atmospheric pollution, when in use, the first handle 1104 is rotated to drive the rotating shaft 1103 to rotate, the rotating shaft 1103 can drive the second bevel gear 1102 to rotate in the rotating process, because the second bevel gear 1102 is meshed with the first bevel gear 1101, the second bevel gear 1102 can drive the threaded cylinder 7 to rotate in the rotating process, because the screw rod 8 is in threaded connection with the threaded cylinder 7, the threaded cylinder 7 can drive the screw rod 8 to move upwards in the rotating process, the screw rod 8 can drive the piston ring 6 to move in the moving process, meanwhile, the threaded cylinder 7 can drive the movable block 1001 to rotate in the rotating process, the movable block 1001 can drive the protrusion 1002 to rotate in the rotating process, the protrusion 1002 can sequentially press the push plates 16 at the left side and the right side to move in the rotating process, the push plates 16 can drive the cross rod 15 to move in the moving process, the cross rod 15 can drive the vertical rod 13 to rotate around the connecting seat 12 and stretch the first spring 9 in the moving process, the vertical rod 13 can drive the pressing block 1401 to move in the rotating process, the pressing block 1401 can drive the rubber pad 1402 to be separated from the air holes 5 in the moving process, so that the piston ring 6 sucks air through the air holes 5 on the left side and the right side in the moving process, the air in different directions can be mixed conveniently, the accuracy of a later detection result is improved, the second handle 20 is pulled to drive the round rod 19 to move forwards, the round rod 19 can drive the movable plate 18 to slide in the fixed box 17 in the moving process, the movable plate 18 can drive the clamping rod 22 to be separated from the clamping groove 23 on the lower side in the sliding process, then the movable block 1001 and the sliding block 1003 move upwards along the sliding groove 1004, the clamping rod 22 is clamped with the clamping groove 23 on the upper side, and the protrusion 1002 is separated from the push plate 16, the atmosphere is conveniently sampled and finally the piston ring 6 is moved downwards by reversing the first handle 1104, at which point the atmosphere enters the collection bottle 3 through the connecting tube 4.

The foregoing shows and describes the basic principles and principal features of the invention, together with the advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and that the foregoing embodiments and descriptions are provided only to illustrate the principles of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a sampling equipment is used in atmosphere pollution control, includes bottom plate (1), collecting box (2), receiving flask (3) and connecting pipe (4), its characterized in that: the collecting box (2) and the collecting bottle (3) are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the bottom plate (1), the collecting box (2) and the collecting bottle (3) are communicated through a connecting pipe (4), air holes (5) are formed in the left side and the right side of the collecting box (2), a piston ring (6) is arranged inside the collecting box (2), a threaded cylinder (7) is arranged above the piston ring (6), the top end of the threaded cylinder (7) penetrates through the upper surface of the collecting box (2), the threaded cylinder (7) is rotatably connected with the collecting box (2) through a bearing, the middle part of the upper surface of the piston ring (6) is rotatably connected with a screw rod (8) through a bearing, the top end of the screw rod (8) penetrates through the threaded cylinder (7), the screw rod (8) is in threaded connection with the threaded cylinder (7), and an adjusting component (10) is arranged on the outer surface of the top end of the threaded cylinder (7), the front of a screw thread section of thick bamboo (7) is provided with rotating assembly (11), the equal fixedly connected with connecting seat (12) in bottom of collecting box (2) left and right sides, it is connected with montant (13) to rotate through the round pin axle on connecting seat (12), first spring (9) of fixedly connected with between montant (13) and collecting box (2), one side that montant (13) are close to collecting box (2) is provided with and the corresponding seal assembly (14) of bleeder vent (5), the top fixedly connected with horizontal pole (15) of montant (13), horizontal pole (15) are close to the one end fixedly connected with push pedal (16) of a screw thread section of thick bamboo (7).

2. The sampling device for atmospheric pollution control as defined in claim 1, wherein: the adjusting component (10) comprises a movable block (1001) and a protrusion (1002), the outer surface of the threaded cylinder (7) is sleeved with the movable block (1001), sliders (1003) are fixedly connected to the left side and the right side of the inner wall of the movable block (1001), and sliding grooves (1004) matched with the sliders (1003) are formed in the left side and the right side of the threaded cylinder (7).

3. The sampling device for atmospheric pollution control as defined in claim 1, wherein: the rotating assembly (11) comprises a first bevel gear (1101), a second bevel gear (1102), a rotating shaft (1103) and a first handle (1104), the first bevel gear (1101) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the threaded barrel (7), the second bevel gear (1102) is in meshed connection with the first bevel gear (1101), the back surface of the rotating shaft (1103) is fixedly connected with the second bevel gear (1102), the front surface of the rotating shaft (1103) penetrates through the collecting box (2) and is fixedly connected with the first handle (1104), and the rotating shaft (1103) is in rotating connection with the collecting box (2) through a bearing.

4. The sampling device for atmospheric pollution control as defined in claim 1, wherein: the sealing assembly (14) comprises a pressing block (1401) and a rubber pad (1402), one side of the pressing block (1401) is fixedly connected with the vertical rod (13), the other side of the pressing block (1401) is fixedly connected with the rubber pad (1402), and the diameter of the rubber pad (1402) is larger than that of the air hole (5).

5. A sampling device for atmospheric pollution control as defined in claim 2, wherein: the fixed case of positive fixedly connected with (17) of movable block (1001), the inside sliding connection of fixed case (17) has fly leaf (18), the positive fixedly connected with round bar (19) of fly leaf (18), the front of round bar (19) is run through fixed case (17) and fixedly connected with second handle (20), round bar (19) and fixed case (17) sliding connection, the surface cover of round bar (19) is equipped with second spring (21), the back fixedly connected with kelly (22) of fly leaf (18), the back of kelly (22) is run through movable block (1001) and is connected with screw thread section of thick bamboo (7) joint.

6. The sampling device for atmospheric pollution control as defined in claim 5, wherein: clamping grooves (23) are formed in the upper end and the lower end of the front face of the threaded cylinder (7), and the clamping grooves (23) are matched with the clamping rods (22).