CN217377460U - Channel-shaped anti-clogging constructed wetland system for treating nitrogen-containing wastewater - Google Patents
Channel-shaped anti-clogging constructed wetland system for treating nitrogen-containing wastewater Download PDFInfo
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- CN217377460U CN217377460U CN202123432684.7U CN202123432684U CN217377460U CN 217377460 U CN217377460 U CN 217377460U CN 202123432684 U CN202123432684 U CN 202123432684U CN 217377460 U CN217377460 U CN 217377460U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a channel-shaped anti-clogging constructed wetland system for treating nitrogen-containing wastewater, which comprises an constructed wetland, an aeration area, a water distribution area and a water collection area, wherein the constructed wetland is formed by communicating a plurality of channel wetlands, the aeration area is positioned in the middle of the constructed wetland, the bottom of the aeration area is provided with an impermeable layer and is not filled with any filler, the aeration area is separated from the adjacent channel wetlands by porous baffles, and the aeration area is provided with a rotary brush aerator; the bottom of each channel wetland is provided with an impermeable layer, and a ceramsite layer, a zeolite-limestone layer and a charcoal layer are sequentially arranged above the impermeable layer in parallel; one side of the ceramsite layer is provided with a water outlet, and the water outlet is connected with a water distribution main pipe; a planting area is arranged above the ceramsite layer, the zeolite-limestone layer, the charcoal layer and the porous partition plate, and plants are planted in the planting area. The filter material has good denitrification and dephosphorization functions, and the filter material in the water inlet area and the water outlet area can be alternately used by circularly changing the water inlet direction, so that the service life of the wetland is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment, a device that sewage purification handled is related to, especially a constructed wetland system of nitrogen phosphorus waste water is prevented blockking up by ditch shape.
Background
In the 50 s of the 20 th century, the artificial wetland technology was first proposed in europe and rapidly developed in the 80 s. As the name suggests, the artificial wetland is an ecological system artificially constructed by simulating the functions and the characteristics of a natural wetland system. The filler, the plants and the microorganisms are used as three main components of the constructed wetland for purifying the sewage, and the purification treatment of the sewage is realized under the comprehensive action of the processes of the absorption and the filtration of the filler, the absorption, the fixation, the transformation and the metabolism of the plants, the decomposition, the utilization, the dissimilation and the like of the wetland microorganisms. Compared with other traditional sewage treatment processes, the artificial wetland sewage ecological treatment technology has the advantages of low capital investment, low operating cost, landscape beautification, ecological balance maintenance and the like, and has outstanding application advantages in the fields of domestic wastewater treatment, watershed water environment restoration and the like.
However, in the long-term operation process of the artificial wetland, the continuous accumulation of products of physical, chemical and biological treatment processes in the system easily causes the problem of gap blockage, causes uneven distribution of a water flow field, reduces the effective volume, and causes the surface diffusion phenomenon in serious cases to cause breeding of mosquitoes and flies, finally leads to the paralysis of the system, and directly influences the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect of the wetland. According to the American environmental protection agency, the blockage conditions of nearly one hundred subsurface flow wetland systems for operation are investigated, and the result shows that nearly half of the subsurface flow wetland systems have blockage problems of different degrees within 5 years. Therefore, the problem of filler blockage is solved, and the key problem of sustainable operation, popularization and application of the wetland is solved.
The concrete measures for preventing and treating the wetland blockage at present comprise improving the porosity of the filler and replacing a wetland substrate, and on the premise of meeting the treatment requirement of the wetland, the filler with thicker grain diameter or a plurality of layers of filter materials is adopted, so that the penetration depth of the filler is improved, and the dirt-containing capacity of the whole filler layer is increased; adopting rest and alternate rest to accelerate the degradation of deposited pollutants by enhancing the atmospheric reoxygenation capability and microbial endogenous respiration; the front end of the artificial wetland is strengthened with pretreatment measures, and partial suspended matters in the sewage can be removed.
However, the method has high requirements on manual regulation and control, high investment cost, inconvenient maintenance and management and lower removal capacity of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matters.
Disclosure of Invention
To the technical problem that ordinary constructed wetland that above-mentioned prior art exists easily blocks up, nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency is not enough, the utility model aims to provide a ditch shape prevents blockking up constructed wetland system of handling nitrogenous waste water, thereby this system reaches efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal purpose through rational design wetland structure and filler type.
In order to realize the task, the utility model discloses a following technical solution:
a channel-shaped anti-clogging constructed wetland system for treating nitrogen-containing wastewater comprises constructed wetlands, an aeration area, a water distribution area and a water collection area, wherein the water distribution area is provided with a first water inlet and a second water inlet;
the bottom of each channel wetland is provided with an impermeable layer, and a ceramsite layer, a zeolite-limestone layer and a charcoal layer are sequentially arranged above the impermeable layer in parallel;
a first water outlet and a second water outlet are formed in one side of the ceramsite layer, the first water outlet is connected with a first water distribution main pipe, and the second water outlet is connected with a second water distribution main pipe;
and a planting area is arranged above the ceramsite layer, the zeolite-limestone layer, the charcoal layer and the porous partition plate, and plants are planted in the planting area.
The utility model discloses an other characteristics are:
the planting area is formed by soil and biological ceramsite according to the proportion of 1: 2, and the filling thickness is 300 mm.
The rotating brush aerator comprises a frame, a rotating brush main body is fixed above the frame, and the rotating brush main body is connected with a motor through a speed reducer.
The filler of the ceramsite layer is spherical light ceramsite with the particle size of 30-50 mm.
The filling material of the zeolite-limestone layer is zeolite and limestone with the particle size of 10-30mm, and the volume ratio of the zeolite to the limestone is 1: 1.
the filler particle size of the biochar layer is 10-30 mm.
The plant comprises reed, calamus or canna.
And the first water inlet and the second water inlet are also provided with water inlet devices which are matched with each other for use, and each water inlet device consists of a water outlet pipe, a rotating handle, a fixing ring and a water inlet pipe.
The utility model discloses a ditch form prevents blockking up constructed wetland system of handling nitrogenous waste water, compares with prior art, has following beneficial effect:
the utility model discloses to the easy jam of ordinary constructed wetland, nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency not enough this two point problem start, provide a ditch channel shape and prevent blockking up constructed wetland system of handling nitrogen and phosphorus waste water. The channel-shaped constructed wetland is formed by communicating a plurality of channel wetlands, has a structure with a long and narrow tank body and a shallow tank body, and when sewage enters the channel wetland bed body from the water distribution pipeline and flows in the filler gaps of the multilayer filler units, the hydraulic retention time of the sewage flowing through the wetland is prolonged, and the sewage can fully contact with filter materials and microorganisms on the filter materials so as to be adsorbed, intercepted and removed. Secondly, the flow state in the channel wetland is completely mixed, and has certain plug flow characteristics, and the concentration of dissolved oxygen changes from high to low at the downstream of the aeration equipment, and even some anoxic sections can be formed. The unique water flow state is favorable for the microorganism coagulation, and can be divided into an oxygen-rich area and an oxygen-deficient area for nitrification and denitrification to obtain the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus removal. When the channel wetland is blocked, the water inlet direction is changed in a circulating manner, and the blocking particles of the filter material at the initial water inlet are washed by reverse water inlet flow, so that the filter material in the water inlet area and the water outlet area of the artificial wetland can be alternately used, and the service life of the artificial wetland is prolonged. The channel wetland bed body consists of a ceramsite layer, a zeolite-limestone layer and a biochar layer, the higher porosity and permeability of the substrate are ensured by utilizing different particle size collocation, a certain effect is achieved on preventing the substrate from being blocked, the water inlet end is made of spherical light ceramsite, the scouring effect of reverse water inlet on filter materials is easier to realize when the wetland is blocked, and meanwhile, the biochar substrate can provide a carbon source for the nitrification and denitrification of microorganisms, so that the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of the channel wetland is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a ditch-shaped anti-clogging constructed wetland system for treating nitrogen-containing wastewater of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an aeration zone and a trench wetland on both sides of the aeration zone;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a rotary brush aerator;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the water distribution pipeline of the first water inlet (left drawing) and the second water inlet (right drawing);
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the water inlet device.
The symbols in the figures represent: 1. the artificial wetland comprises an artificial wetland body 2, a rotary brush aerator 3, a water distribution area 4, a water collection area 5, a first water inlet 6, a first water outlet 7, a second water inlet 8, a second water outlet 9, a first water distribution main pipe 91, a first water distribution branch pipe 10, plants 11, a planting area 12, a ceramsite layer 13, a zeolite-stone limestone layer 14, a charcoal layer 15, a second water distribution main pipe 151, a second water distribution branch pipe 16, an impermeable layer 17, a porous partition plate 181, a water outlet pipe 182, a rotary handle 183, a fixing ring 184, a water inlet pipe 211, a rotary brush body 212, a frame 213, a motor 214 and a speed reducer.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Detailed Description
In the following examples, the volume ratio is 1: 1 is defined as a zeolite-limestone layer 13.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment provides a trench-shaped anti-clogging constructed wetland system for treating nitrogen-containing wastewater, which mainly comprises a constructed wetland 1, an aeration area 2, a water distribution area 3 and a water collection area 4, wherein the water distribution area 3 is provided with a first water inlet 5 and a second water inlet 7. The artificial wetland 1 is formed by communicating a plurality of channel wetlands and is in a long and narrow bent shape; the aeration area 2 is positioned in the middle of the artificial wetland 1, the bottom of the aeration area 2 is provided with an impermeable layer 16 which is not filled with any filler, the aeration area 2 is separated from the adjacent channel wetland by a porous baffle 17, and the aeration area 2 is provided with a rotary brush aerator;
an impermeable layer 16 is arranged at the bottom of each channel wetland, and a ceramsite layer 12, a zeolite-limestone layer 13 and a charcoal layer 14 are sequentially arranged above the impermeable layer 16 in parallel;
a first water outlet 6 and a second water outlet 8 are arranged on one side of the ceramic particle layer 12, the first water outlet 6 is connected with a first water distribution main pipe 9, and the second water outlet 8 is connected with a second water distribution main pipe 15;
a planting area 11 is arranged above the ceramsite layer 12, the zeolite-limestone layer 13 and the biochar layer 14, and plants 10 are planted in the planting area 11.
The water inlet and the water outlet of the traditional artificial wetland are far away, and the distance between the water inlet and the water outlet of the channel-shaped anti-clogging artificial wetland system for treating the nitrogen-containing wastewater is close to that of the channel-shaped anti-clogging artificial wetland system provided by the embodiment; the first water inlet 5 and the second water inlet 7 are respectively provided with a first water distribution main pipe 9 and a second water distribution main pipe 15, as shown in fig. 4, a first water distribution branch pipe 91 and a second water distribution branch pipe 151 are respectively arranged on the first water distribution main pipe 9 and the second water distribution main pipe 15, in order to improve the uniformity of water distribution, the first water distribution main pipe (9) and the second water distribution main pipe (15) are positioned on the side surface of the bed body of the channel wetland in a perforated pipe water distribution mode, and the distance between pipe holes is smaller than 1 m.
By dividing the region of the artificial wetland system for treating nitrogen-containing wastewater by the channel-shaped anti-clogging treatment, the downstream near the rotary brush aerator is an oxygen-rich region, the upstream is a low-oxygen region, and the outer ring can also be an anoxic region, so that the wetland structure can form good environmental conditions for biological denitrification.
The dissolved oxygen concentration at the downstream of the rotary brush aerator is high, and is continuously reduced along with the increase of the distance from the rotary brush aerator, and the alternate change of an aerobic zone and an anoxic zone is presented, so that the rotary brush aerator has good nitrogen and phosphorus removal functions.
The constructed wetland 1 is divided into 2 stages according to the installation position of the rotary brush aerator, the clockwise direction is mainly used, and the rotary brush aerator from the first water inlet 5 or the second water inlet 7 to the aeration zone 2 through the water inlet and distribution zone 3 is the first stage; the second stage is that the rotating brush aerator goes through the water collecting area 4 to the first water outlet 6 or the second water outlet 8.
Firstly, the artificial wetland 1 normally operates, the first water inlet 5 and the first water outlet 6 are opened, the second water inlet 7 and the second water outlet 8 are closed, the artificial wetland 1 operates for a period of time in the direction from the first stage to the second stage until the water blocking phenomenon appears on the surface of a filter material at the front end of water inflow, the first water inlet 5 and the first water outlet 6 are closed at the moment, the second water inlet 7 and the second water outlet 8 are opened, the water is reversely fed in the direction from the second stage to the first stage of the artificial wetland 1, the artificial wetland operates until the water blocking phenomenon appears on the surface of the filter material at the reverse water inflow end, the second water inlet 7 and the second water outlet 8 are closed again, the first water inlet 5 and the first water outlet 6 are opened, the operation is continued, and the process can be repeatedly circulated.
In the first stage and the second stage, the structure of the bed packing of the artificial wetland 1 is consistent, and the bed packing comprises a ceramsite layer 12, a zeolite-limestone layer 13 and a biochar layer 14. It is equivalent to two horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands which are connected in series, and the process of sewage flowing through the ditch constructed wetlands is illustrated in detail by taking fig. 2 as an example.
The bed body of the channel wetland comprises a planting area 11 and a main body purification filling area, wherein the planting area 11 is composed of mixed soil and biological ceramsite, the filling thickness is 300mm, and the bed body is formed by the following steps of 1: 2, the particle size of the biological ceramsite is 3-5mm, the planted (cultivated) plants 10 include but are not limited to emergent aquatic plants such as reed, calamus, canna and the like, and the rhizosphere environment of the plants 10 is distributed with a large amount of aerobic microorganisms which are attached to the soil in the planting area 11 and the surface of the biological ceramsite.
Taking the first stage of the channel wetland bed body as an example, according to the water inlet direction, the main purification filler area sequentially comprises a ceramsite layer 12, a zeolite-limestone layer 13 and a biochar layer 14, and the volume ratio of the three filler layers is 1: 2: 2, the filling thickness is 700 mm. The ceramsite layer 12 is preferably spherical light ceramsite with the particle size of 30-50mm, and has the advantages of small density, high strength, high porosity, large specific surface area, good chemical stability, difficult hardening of attachments and the like which are not possessed by a plurality of traditional fillers. The zeolite-limestone layer 13 selects zeolite and limestone with the filler grain diameter of 10-30mm, and the volume ratio of the zeolite to the limestone is 1: zeolite has a large specific surface area, limestone is irregular in shape and has a high permeability coefficient, and the zeolite and the limestone are used cooperatively, so that the attachment and growth of microorganisms are facilitated, and nitrogen and phosphorus elements in water can be effectively removed. The filler particle size of the biochar layer 14 is 10-30mm, and because the biochar has a good microporous structure, a huge specific surface area, high charge density and ion exchange capacity and can release a large amount of carbon sources, the biochar is used as a substrate and added into the artificial wetland to enhance the denitrification performance in the artificial wetland through direct or indirect action. The artificial wetland is provided with an impermeable layer 16, and the impermeable layer 16 is built by natural clay.
The aeration area 2 and the adjacent ditch wetland are separated by a porous baffle 17, and the aeration area 2 is not filled with any filler. The structure of the rotary brush aerator of the aeration zone 2 is shown in figure 3 and mainly comprises a frame 212. A rotating brush body 211, a motor 213 and a speed reducer 214. The concentration of dissolved oxygen in the mixed solution is increased to 2-3 mg/L by the rotary brush aerator. Under the condition of sufficient oxygenation, the microorganisms can obtain enough dissolved oxygen to remove BOD; at the same time, ammonia is also oxidized to nitrate and nitrite, at which time the mixture is in an aerobic state. Downstream of the brush aerator, the water flow changes from a turbulent state in the aeration zone 2 to a subsequent advective state, the water flow being maintained at a minimum flow rate. The oxidation process of the microorganisms consumes the dissolved oxygen in the water until the dissolved oxygen value is reduced to zero and the mixed liquid is in an anoxic state. At the moment, the anaerobic microorganisms convert the nitrate and nitrite accumulated in the nitration process into N through denitrification 2 O、N 2 So as to achieve the purpose of denitrification.
As shown in fig. 5, in the present embodiment, the inventor designs a water inlet device capable of being used with a water inlet, which is composed of a water outlet pipe 181, a rotary handle 182, a fixing ring 183, and a water inlet pipe 184. The fixed ring 183 is positioned on the water inlet pipe 184, the water outlet pipe 181 is communicated with the fixed ring 183, and the fixed ring 183 is connected with the rotating handle 182.
The direction of the water outlet pipe 181 can be changed by rotating the handle 182, so that the water outlet pipe is conveniently connected with the water inlet of the channel wetland at any stage, and then the fixing ring 183 is screwed down to fix the position of the water outlet pipe 184. The water inlet device has the advantages of convenient switching, easy management and maintenance, floor area saving and the like.
The channel-shaped anti-clogging constructed wetland system for treating nitrogen-containing wastewater provided by the embodiment has the working principle that:
when the sewage treatment system normally operates, sewage flows through the wetland filter bed in the first stage through the water inlet pipe, the content of dissolved oxygen in the water is high, aerobic microorganisms generate biochemical reaction in the nitrification process, and ammonia nitrogen is converted into nitrite by nitrite bacteria in the first step; in the second step, nitrite is oxidized into nitric acid by nitric acid bacteria. Along with the dissolved oxygen content in the water gradually reduces to a non-formation anoxic zone during the nitration process, under the anoxic condition, the denitrifying bacteria reduce nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen into gaseous nitrogen (N) 2 ) Meanwhile, the biochar filler can release a large amount of organic matters as a carbon source and an electron donor to provide benefits for denitrificationAnd (4) condition. Then the sewage flows into an aeration zone, the sewage is supplemented with the dissolved oxygen content of the water body and then flows into the channel wetland filter tank of the second stage, and an aerobic-anoxic zone is formed again, so that the functions of microorganism nitrification and denitrification and water quality improvement are further enhanced. When the water blocking phenomenon appears on the surface of the filter material at the front end of water inlet, the water inlet direction is changed by the water inlet device capable of rotating the direction of the water outlet pipe, the water is introduced from the first stage to the second stage from the direction of the first stage, and the blocking particles for flushing the filter material at the position of the initial water inlet by utilizing the reverse water inlet water flow can prolong the service life of the wetland and improve the pollutant removal efficiency.
Claims (8)
1. A ditch-shaped anti-clogging constructed wetland system for treating nitrogen-containing wastewater comprises a constructed wetland (1), an aeration area (2), a water distribution area (3) and a water collection area (4), wherein the water distribution area (3) is provided with a first water inlet (5) and a second water inlet (7), and is characterized in that the constructed wetland (1) is formed by communicating a plurality of ditch wetlands, the aeration area (2) is positioned in the middle of the constructed wetland (1), the bottom of the aeration area (2) is provided with an impermeable layer (16) without filling any wetland filler, the aeration area (2) is separated from the adjacent ditches by porous baffles (17), and the aeration area (2) is provided with a rotary brush aerator;
an impermeable layer (16) is arranged at the bottom of each channel wetland, and a ceramsite layer (12), a zeolite-limestone layer (13) and a charcoal layer (14) are sequentially arranged above the impermeable layer (16) in parallel;
a first water outlet (6) and a second water outlet (8) are formed in one side of the ceramic particle layer (12), a first water distribution main pipe (9) is connected to the first water outlet (6), and a second water distribution main pipe (15) is connected to the second water outlet (8);
a planting area (11) is arranged above the ceramic particle layer (12), the zeolite-limestone layer (13) and the biochar layer (14), and plants (10) are planted in the planting area (11).
2. The trench-type anti-clogging artificial wetland system for treating nitrogen-containing wastewater as claimed in claim 1, wherein the filling thickness of the planting area (11) is 300 mm.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the rotary brush aerator comprises a frame (212), a rotary brush body (211) is fixed above the frame (212), and the rotary brush body (211) is connected with the motor (213) through a speed reducer (214).
4. The trench-shaped anti-clogging constructed wetland system for treating nitrogen-containing wastewater according to claim 1, wherein the filler of the ceramsite layer (12) is spherical lightweight ceramsite with a particle size of 30-50 mm.
5. The artificial wetland system for treating nitrogen-containing wastewater with the ditch-shaped anti-clogging function according to claim 1, wherein the filler particle size of the zeolite-limestone layer (13) is 10-30 mm.
6. The artificial wetland system for treating nitrogen-containing wastewater with channel-shaped anti-clogging according to claim 1, characterized in that the biochar layer (14) is made of biochar with the filler particle size of 10-30 mm.
7. The trench-type anti-clogging artificial wetland system for treating nitrogen-containing wastewater according to claim 1, wherein the plant (10) comprises reed, calamus or canna.
8. The artificial wetland system for treating nitrogen-containing wastewater through channel-shaped anti-clogging according to claim 1, characterized in that the first water inlet (5) and the second water inlet (7) are further provided with matched water inlet devices, and the water inlet devices comprise a water outlet pipe (181), a rotating handle (182), a fixing ring (183) and a water inlet pipe (184).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202123432684.7U CN217377460U (en) | 2021-12-31 | 2021-12-31 | Channel-shaped anti-clogging constructed wetland system for treating nitrogen-containing wastewater |
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| CN202123432684.7U CN217377460U (en) | 2021-12-31 | 2021-12-31 | Channel-shaped anti-clogging constructed wetland system for treating nitrogen-containing wastewater |
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2021
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