CN217109111U - Low-pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank with large-scale vault structure - Google Patents
Low-pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank with large-scale vault structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN217109111U CN217109111U CN202220325367.0U CN202220325367U CN217109111U CN 217109111 U CN217109111 U CN 217109111U CN 202220325367 U CN202220325367 U CN 202220325367U CN 217109111 U CN217109111 U CN 217109111U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a low pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank with large-scale vault structure, include: the prestressed concrete outer tank is of a cylindrical prestressed reinforced concrete structure, the bottom end of the prestressed concrete outer tank is fixed on a storage tank bearing platform, and the storage tank bearing platform is fixed on a pile foundation; the prestressed concrete dome is of a spherical arc-shaped reinforced concrete structure and is arranged at the top of the prestressed concrete outer tank; the steel structure inner tank is of a cylindrical structure and is arranged inside the prestressed concrete outer tank, and the bottom end of the steel structure inner tank is fixed on the storage tank bearing platform; the steel dome is of a spherical arc-shaped structure and is arranged at the top of the steel structure inner tank. The utility model discloses the device can be at liquid hydrogen of storage under the low pressure condition to inside and outside jar parts completely, can carry out the heat-insulating material under the condition that does not influence jar interior operation and mend and fill.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a low pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank with large-scale vault structure belongs to liquid hydrogen storage technical field.
Background
With the continuous maturity of clean energy application technology and the continuous promotion of energy structure adjustment in China, the development momentum of the hydrogen energy industry is continuously good. Hydrogen energy has the following advantages: (1) hydrogen is the most abundant in the earth; (2) the reaction product of hydrogen and oxygen is only water, thus being really clean and pollution-free; (3) the energy contained in unit mass is highest; (4) is convenient for large-scale preparation; (5) can be directly converted into heat energy, mechanical energy and electric energy. Therefore, hydrogen energy is considered as an important secondary energy source in the new century.
The safe and economic hydrogen storage and transportation technology is the key point for pushing the hydrogen energy utilization to the practicability and industrialization. The hydrogen liquefying and storing process includes compressing hydrogen gas, deep cooling to below 21K, liquefying to obtain liquid hydrogen, and storing in special heat insulating vacuum container. Since the density of the liquid hydrogen is 70.78kg/m 3 The hydrogen density under standard conditions is 0.08342kg/m 3 Nearly 850 times higher, even if the hydrogen is compressed to 15MPa or even moreTo 35, 70MPa, the storage capacity per unit volume is also comparable to liquid storage. Low temperature liquid hydrogen storage is an ideal way to store hydrogen simply from the point of view of energy storage density.
The main difficulty of the liquid hydrogen storage container is the heat insulation problem, and because the temperature difference between the liquid hydrogen in the container and the environment is large, the storage tank and the material selection of the heat insulation material thereof and the design of the storage tank have high requirements for controlling the evaporation loss of the liquid hydrogen in the container and ensuring the safety (freezing resistance and pressure bearing) of the storage tank. At present, the common liquid hydrogen storage tanks are of a spherical type and a cylindrical type, the volume of the spherical storage tank is usually larger than that of the cylindrical storage tank, but the spherical storage tank is difficult to realize if liquid hydrogen with larger volume is stored.
At present, the volume of a domestic liquid hydrogen storage tank is dozens to hundreds of cubic meters, the domestic liquid hydrogen storage tank consists of an inner layer and an outer layer, and the inner container of the storage tank is generally made of materials such as aluminum alloy, stainless steel and the like. The inner container is arranged in the center of the outer shell through a support and contains liquid hydrogen with the temperature of 20K. The support is usually made of long glass fibre tapes with good thermal insulation properties, and the inner and outer interlayers are filled with a thermally insulating material.
The extremely low boiling point (20K) of liquid hydrogen brings great difficulty to material selection and low-temperature stress design, and meanwhile, the liquid hydrogen has two states of normal-para hydrogen and conversion heat release under normal conditions, which may cause the pressure of a storage tank to rise, and the design pressure of a large-sized low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage tank is slightly higher than that of an LNG medium, so that the large-sized liquid hydrogen storage tank (4000 m) is provided 3 And above) is difficult to be made into a flat-bottom cylinder normal-pressure storage tank like a conventional cryogenic low-temperature storage tank. However, if the spherical tank type is selected, although the design pressure and stress are slightly low, the spherical tank makes it difficult to design and transport the bottom support stress, efficiently use the plate, mount and weld the plate, and the spherical tank type is difficult to be enlarged.
Disclosure of Invention
To the technical problem, the utility model provides a low pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank with large-scale vault structure, outer jar are prestressed concrete, and the inner tank is austenitic stainless steel or other alloy material, can store 4000m under the low pressure (less than or equal to 1.6MPa.G) condition 3 -27000m 3 Liquid hydrogen, and the complete separation of the inner and outer tanks, can be carried out without affecting the operation in the tanksAnd (5) performing thermal insulation material filling.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical proposal:
a low-pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank with a large-scale vault structure comprises the following components:
the prestressed concrete outer tank is of a cylindrical prestressed reinforced concrete structure, the bottom end of the prestressed concrete outer tank is fixed on a storage tank bearing platform, and the storage tank bearing platform is fixed on a pile foundation;
the prestressed concrete dome is of a spherical arc-shaped reinforced concrete structure and is arranged at the top of the prestressed concrete outer tank;
the steel structure inner tank is of a cylindrical structure and is arranged inside the prestressed concrete outer tank, and the bottom end of the steel structure inner tank is fixed on the storage tank bearing platform;
the steel dome is of a spherical arc structure and is arranged at the top of the steel structure inner tank;
and heat insulation layers are arranged between the inner wall of the prestressed concrete outer tank and the outer wall of the steel structure inner tank and between the inner wall of the prestressed concrete dome and the outer wall of the steel dome.
Preferably, the low-pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank is provided with filling holes in the circumferential direction of the prestressed concrete outer tank, and the filling holes are used for filling heat-insulating materials in the low-pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank in a full life cycle.
The low-pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank preferably comprises at least one of expanded perlite, elastic felt or glass brick.
The low-pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank is characterized in that at least one tank bottom heat-insulating layer is arranged on the inner surface of the storage tank bearing platform, and a tank wall heat-insulating layer is arranged between the inner wall of the prestressed concrete outer tank and the outer wall of the steel structure inner tank.
Preferably, the tank bottom heat-insulating layer of the low-pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank is a foam glass brick and is used for bearing upper structures and liquid heavy loads.
The low pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank, preferably, when tank bottoms heat preservation is foam glass brick and multilayer arrangement, every layer the foam glass brick staggered arrangement avoids appearing penetrating the reduction of cold insulation effect behind the gap.
Preferably, the pile foundation of the low-pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank is of an overhead or ground-based reinforced concrete structure.
The low-pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank is characterized in that prestressed steel bars are arranged in the storage tank bearing platform, the thickness of the joint of the storage tank bearing platform and the lower end of the tank wall of the prestressed concrete outer tank is larger than that of the tank wall of the prestressed concrete outer tank, and the thickness of the joint of the upper end of the tank wall of the prestressed concrete outer tank and the prestressed concrete dome is larger than that of the prestressed concrete dome, so that relatively high storage tank structure operation pressure can be realized.
The low-pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank preferably further comprises a feeding system, a hydrogen evaporation gas treatment system, a pressure protection system and a vacuum protection system, wherein the feeding system is arranged at the top or the bottom of the low-pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank, and the hydrogen evaporation gas treatment system, the pressure protection system and the vacuum protection system are arranged at the top of the low-pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank.
The low-pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank preferably has a maximum operating pressure of 1.6 MPa.G.
The utility model discloses owing to take above technical scheme, it has following advantage:
1. the conventional liquid hydrogen storage tank is cylindrical or spherical, while the utility model discloses a vertical cylinder flat bottom liquid hydrogen storage tank, all arranged prestressing steel in the concrete outer tank, crack resistance is good, can bear higher storage tank operating pressure, avoids the crack to produce; and the lower part of the outer wall, the dome part and the like are increased in the thickness of the concrete, so that the high design pressure (1.6MPa.G) can be borne.
2. The volume of the conventional liquid hydrogen storage tank is not more than 300m 3 The volume of the utility model can reach 4000m 3 -27000m 3 The hydrogen storage capacity is greatly improved, and the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is made of austenitic stainless steel or other alloy materials and can bear the low temperature of 20K.
3. The conventional liquid hydrogen spherical tank adopts vacuum multilayer winding heat insulation, and the heat insulation material between the inner tank and the outer tank is expanded perlite powder.
4. Because the inner tank of big volume liquid hydrogen storage tank is big along radial shrink range in the cooling stage to expanded perlite can take place to subside because of the dead weight, the utility model discloses the inside and outside jar of liquid hydrogen storage tank parts completely, and wall body annular space and dome position fill expanded perlite, and concrete dome circumference has arranged the perlite and has filled the hole, and accessible top perlite fills the hole and annotates, and accessible filling opening mends to fill or mends to fill through the perlite filling hole at dome position during the storage tank operation after the inner tank shrink, can not influence the in-tank operation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank with a large vault structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the respective symbols in the figure are as follows:
1-a storage tank bearing platform; 2-prestressed concrete outer tank; 3-steel structure inner tank; 4-tank wall insulating layer; 5-insulating layer; 6-tank bottom insulating layer; 7-steel dome; 8-prestressed concrete dome; 9-a feed system; 10-an external delivery system; 11-a hydrogen boil-off gas treatment system; 12-a pressure protection system; 13-vacuum protection system; 14-pile foundation.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by the ordinary person in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The use of "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and similar terms in the description herein do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather the terms are used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item listed before the word covers the element or item listed after the word and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.
As shown in fig. 1, the utility model provides a low pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank with large-scale vault structure, including following part: the device comprises a prestressed concrete outer tank 2, a storage tank bearing platform 1 and a pile foundation 14, wherein the prestressed concrete outer tank 2 is of a cylindrical prestressed reinforced concrete structure, the bottom end of the prestressed concrete outer tank is fixed on the storage tank bearing platform 1, and the storage tank bearing platform 1 is fixed on the pile foundation 14; the prestressed concrete dome 8 is of a spherical arc-shaped reinforced concrete structure, and is arranged at the top of the prestressed concrete outer tank 2; the steel structure inner tank 3 is of a cylindrical structure, is arranged inside the prestressed concrete outer tank 2, and is fixed to the storage tank bearing platform 1 at the bottom end; the steel dome 7 is of a spherical arc structure, and is arranged at the top of the steel structure inner tank 3; and heat preservation layers 5 are arranged between the inner wall of the prestressed concrete outer tank 2 and the outer wall of the steel structure inner tank 3 and between the inner wall of the prestressed concrete dome 8 and the outer wall of the steel dome 7.
Further, the pile foundation 14 is constructed of an overhead or floor-mounted reinforced concrete structure to bear the weight loads of the prestressed concrete outer tank 2, the steel structure inner tank 3, the liquid hydrogen deadweight, the heat insulating material, and the like.
Further, the prestressed concrete outer tank 2 is composed of a reinforced concrete bearing platform (a storage tank bearing platform 1), a post-tensioning type prestressed concrete tank wall and a reinforced concrete tank top (namely a prestressed concrete dome 8), wherein the storage tank bearing platform 1 and the tank wall, and the tank wall and the dome are in rigid fixed connection or flexible connection with shock insulation pads so as to transfer and distribute loads of the upper tank body, liquid weight and the like to the pile foundation 14. The bottom thickness of the prestressed concrete outer tank 2 is thickened at the joint of the storage tank bearing platform 1 and the wall of the prestressed concrete outer tank 2, and the upper thickness of the prestressed concrete outer tank is added at the joint of the wall of the prestressed concrete outer tank 2 and the prestressed concrete dome 8, so that the relatively high operating pressure of the storage tank structure can be realized.
Furthermore, the prestressed reinforcements arranged in the walls of the storage tank bearing platform 1 and the prestressed concrete outer tank 2 are made of low-temperature-resistant stainless steel materials or synthetic materials. And filling holes are arranged in the circumferential direction of the prestressed concrete dome 8, so that perlite can be conveniently filled in the liquid hydrogen storage tank in the whole life cycle.
Further, the steel structured inner tank 3 (containing the steel dome 7) is of austenitic stainless steel or other alloy material for storing liquid hydrogen. The steel dome 7 can bear the weight of the upper insulation material and the pressure of the steel inner tank 3.
Further, a tank wall insulating layer 4 which can be elastic felt or other materials is arranged between the prestressed concrete outer tank 2 and the steel structure inner tank 3; the hydrogen evaporated from the top of the storage tank can flow into the hard heat-insulating material on the tank wall and the tank bottom for drying the heat-insulating material in the operation period.
Furthermore, an annular space formed by the inner wall of the prestressed concrete outer tank 2 and the outer wall of the steel structure inner tank 3 and the space between the outer wall of the steel dome 7 and the inner wall of the prestressed concrete dome 8 are filled with expanded perlite, and the thickness of the expanded perlite is required to meet the heat insulation requirement of the storage tank.
Further, tank bottoms heat preservation 6 should be the foam glass brick material that has certain bearing strength, can bear superstructure and liquid heavy load, and foam glass brick staggered arrangement when arranging in multiple layers avoids appearing penetrating the gap after the cold insulation effect reduces.
Further, the low-pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank also comprises a feeding system, and the storage tank can be fed through the tank top or the tank bottom. Liquid hydrogen is fed, and in order to avoid the risk of 'rolling' caused by liquid hydrogen layering and aggravating the transformation of the ortho-para hydrogen, the liquid hydrogen can be fed from an upper feeding pipe or fed through the lower part of a bottom feeding pipe according to the density of the liquid hydrogen in the storage tank. In general, heavier liquid hydrogen is fed from the upper part and lighter liquid hydrogen is fed from the lower part.
When the density of the coming ship liquid hydrogen is larger than that of the liquid hydrogen stored in the tank, feeding from the top; when the density of the coming ship liquid hydrogen is less than that of the liquid hydrogen stored in the tank, feeding is carried out from the bottom. The feeding mode is mainly used for preventing the delamination inside the storage tank, and the unloaded liquid hydrogen is fully mixed with the liquid hydrogen inside the storage tank by controlling the feeding position.
In the discharge operation, the displaced evaporation H 2 The pressure in the storage tank will rise due to the large amount of flash gas generated, and in order to maintain the normal pressure range of the storage tank, the BOG processing system compressor needs to be properly turned on to eliminate the excessive H 2 The gas is evaporated.
In normal operation, the pressure in the storage tank is controlled by H 2 And controlling the operation of the evaporation gas compressor. During the unloading period, due to the influence of factors such as heat input caused by unloading, more H is generated in the storage tank 2 And in a high-pressure operation state, the compressor can be started according to the actual pressure condition, and the running load of the compressor is adjusted to ensure that the storage tank is in a normal operation pressure range. When the ship is not unloaded, the operating pressure of the storage tank is maintained in a low-pressure state, and once the pressure control system fails, the low-pressure state ensures that the storage tank has a certain pressure boosting space H 2 No immediate flare was required.
Furthermore, the low-pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank also comprises a pump external conveying system which consists of an in-tank immersed pump, a pump well and an external conveying pipeline connected externally. The liquid hydrogen conveying pump is a submerged centrifugal pump, is installed in a pump well of a liquid hydrogen storage tank together with an electric motor, and is provided with a flow control valve on an outlet pipeline of each pump, and the flow control valve is used for adjusting the outlet flow of each running pump to enable the running pumps to work under the same flow, and can cut off the output in an emergency situation. In order to protect the liquid hydrogen delivery pumps, a minimum flow pipeline is arranged on an outlet pipeline of each pump, and the minimum flow pipeline can also be used for mixing the liquid hydrogen in the tank so as to prevent layering.
Further, the low-pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank also comprisesEvaporation of H 2 The generation of the evaporated gas in the liquid hydrogen storage tank of the treatment system is mainly caused by the conversion of the normal and secondary hydrogen and the input of external energy, and the input of the external energy is caused by the reasons of the operation of a pump, the introduction of external heat, the change of atmospheric pressure, the influence of the environment, the change of the volume of the liquid hydrogen in the tank caused by the feeding of the liquid hydrogen and the like. Excessive boil-off will cause the pressure in the storage tank to rise, and in order to maintain the normal pressure range of the storage tank, the compressor of the hydrogen boil-off gas treatment system 11 needs to be properly turned on to remove the excessive H 2 The gas is evaporated.
Further, the low pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank also comprises a pressure protection system 12. In order to control and protect the pressure of the storage tank when the storage tank is over-pressure or under-pressure, the storage tank should be respectively provided with a Pressure Safety Valve (PSV) (as shown in fig. 1) and a Vacuum Safety Valve (VSV) system (as shown in fig. 1), each valve should be provided with a closing valve and an interlocking device, and the number of the pressure safety valve and the vacuum safety valve is provided with one valve as a spare in addition to ensuring the discharge amount in an emergency.
The pressure protection system 12 functions specifically as follows:
1) and (3) overpressure protection: the normal operating pressure of the storage tank is generally less than 1.6 MPa.G. The storage tank is normally maintained at its normal operating pressure by the BOG compressor and gas/liquid supply and export. If the tank pressure rises above the normal maximum operating pressure, the gas in the tank may be released to a flare or flare of the tank; when the pressure of the storage tank continues to increase, the emergency pressure release system of the storage tank can play a role in final protection, namely H 2 The boil-off gas will be discharged into the recovery pipe through the pressure relief valve.
2) And (3) negative pressure protection: the normal operating pressure of the tank can be maintained by the supply of inert gas. If the pressure in the storage tank is reduced, the vapor compressor stops operating and the storage tank is stopped from draining. In addition, a gas supply device for maintaining the internal pressure may be used, but if the requirements are not met, the vacuum safety valve of the storage tank should be opened in time to replenish the inert gas into the storage tank.
In addition to pressure protection by pressure relief valves (PSV), vacuum relief valves (VSV), instrumentation systems also provide some protection in the event of overpressure and negative pressure conditions in the tank.
The bottom of the inner tank of the storage tank and the inner tank body are provided with a plurality of surface thermometers for monitoring the temperature in the tank during pre-cooling and normal operation of the storage tank test run. In the pre-cooling process of the test run, the liquid hydrogen feeding flow can be timely adjusted by monitoring the temperature change condition, and the requirement of the tank wall temperature reduction rate during pre-cooling is met.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention in its corresponding aspects.
Claims (10)
1. A low pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank with large-scale vault structure, characterized by that includes following parts:
the prestressed concrete outer tank (2) is of a cylindrical prestressed reinforced concrete structure, the bottom end of the prestressed concrete outer tank (2) is fixed on the storage tank bearing platform (1), and the storage tank bearing platform (1) is fixed on the pile foundation (14);
the prestressed concrete dome (8) is of a spherical arc reinforced concrete structure and is arranged at the top of the prestressed concrete outer tank (2);
the steel structure inner tank (3) is of a cylindrical structure and is arranged inside the prestressed concrete outer tank (2), and the bottom end of the steel structure inner tank (3) is fixed on the storage tank bearing platform (1);
the steel dome (7) is of a spherical arc structure and is arranged at the top of the steel structure inner tank (3);
and heat preservation layers (5) are arranged between the inner wall of the prestressed concrete outer tank (2) and the outer wall of the steel structure inner tank (3) and between the inner wall of the prestressed concrete dome (8) and the outer wall of the steel dome (7).
2. The low-pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that the prestressed concrete outer tank (2) is provided with filling holes in the circumferential direction for filling the low-pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank with a heat insulating material.
3. The low-pressure liquid-hydrogen concrete storage tank according to claim 1, wherein the insulating layer (5) is expanded perlite, elastic felt or glass brick.
4. The low-pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one tank bottom insulating layer (6) is arranged on the inner surface of the storage tank bearing platform (1), and a tank wall insulating layer (4) is arranged between the inner wall of the prestressed concrete outer tank (2) and the outer wall of the steel structure inner tank (3).
5. The low-pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank according to claim 4, wherein the tank bottom insulating layer (6) is a foam glass brick for bearing upper structure and liquid heavy load.
6. The low-pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank according to claim 5, wherein when the tank bottom insulating layer (6) is made of foam glass bricks and is arranged in multiple layers, each layer of the foam glass bricks are arranged in a staggered manner, so that the reduction of the cold insulation effect after the occurrence of through gaps is avoided.
7. The low pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank of claim 1, wherein the pile foundation (14) is an elevated or grounded reinforced concrete structure.
8. The low-pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that prestressed reinforcement is arranged in the storage tank bearing platform (1), the thickness of the connection between the storage tank bearing platform (1) and the lower end of the tank wall of the prestressed concrete outer tank (2) is larger than that of the tank wall of the prestressed concrete outer tank (2), and the thickness of the connection between the upper end of the tank wall of the prestressed concrete outer tank (2) and the prestressed concrete dome (8) is larger than that of the prestressed concrete dome (8), so that relatively high storage tank structure operating pressure can be realized.
9. The low pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank according to claim 1, further comprising a feeding system (9), a hydrogen evaporation gas treatment system (11), a pressure protection system (12) and a vacuum protection system (13), wherein the feeding system (9) is arranged at the top or the bottom of the low pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank, and the hydrogen evaporation gas treatment system (11), the pressure protection system (12) and the vacuum protection system (13) are arranged at the top of the low pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank.
10. The low pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank according to claim 1, wherein the maximum operating pressure of the low pressure liquid hydrogen concrete storage tank can reach 1.6 mpa.g.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115559587A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-01-03 | 中国矿业大学 | Gas storage reservoir air plug structure with reasonable force flow arc line |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115559587A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-01-03 | 中国矿业大学 | Gas storage reservoir air plug structure with reasonable force flow arc line |
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