CN217061451U - Nuclear reactor based on liquid metal - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a nuclear reactor based on liquid metal, including reactor, steam generator, steam turbine and steam liquefaction room, steam turbine export and steam liquefaction room intercommunication are equipped with first return circuit between reactor and the steam generator, and the intussuseption of first return circuit is filled with liquid metal, is equipped with the second return circuit between steam generator and the steam turbine, and the second return circuit is used for absorbing the heat of the interior liquid metal of first return circuit and drives the steam turbine effect, is equipped with the third return circuit in the steam liquefaction room, and the third return circuit is used for cooling off the steam in the liquefaction steam liquefaction room. The utility model discloses the intussuseption of first return circuit is filled with liquid metal, and liquid metal has high thermal conductivity and wide warm area attribute, need not the pressurization and can guarantee reactor exit temperature, and first return circuit can keep the low pressure state operation, helps simplifying the reactor structure, improves the reliability.

Description

A liquid metal-based nuclear reactor

technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of reactors, in particular to a nuclear reactor based on liquid metal.

Background technique

Nuclear reactor, also known as atomic energy reactor or reactor, is a device that can maintain a controllable self-sustaining chain nuclear fission reaction to realize the utilization of nuclear energy. A nuclear reactor can make a self-sustaining chain nuclear fission process in it without adding a neutron source by rationally arranging the nuclear fuel.

Existing nuclear reactors generally use water as the reactor coolant. In order to increase the boiling point of water and increase the heat absorption capacity, the coolant needs to be pressurized. Excessive pressure increases the design requirements of the system pipeline and easily leads to safety accidents. At the same time, the pressure also limits the boiling point of the coolant, resulting in a lower temperature of the heat output, which affects efficiency.

Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a new type of nuclear reactor.

Utility model content

The purpose of the present utility model is to provide a nuclear reactor based on liquid metal, so as to solve the problem that the nuclear reactor in the prior art uses water as the reactor coolant, and the excessive pressure increases the design requirements of the system pipeline, and easily leads to safety accidents. The boiling point of the coolant is reduced, resulting in a lower temperature of the output heat, which affects the technical problem of efficiency.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present utility model is:

A nuclear reactor based on liquid metal, comprising a reactor, a steam generator, a steam turbine and a steam liquefaction chamber, the outlet of the steam turbine is communicated with the steam liquefaction chamber, and a first loop is provided between the reactor and the steam generator, The first loop is filled with liquid metal, and a second loop is arranged between the steam generator and the steam turbine, and the second loop is used to absorb the heat of the liquid metal in the first loop and drive the The steam turbine functions, the steam liquefaction chamber is provided with a third circuit, and the third circuit is used for cooling and liquefying the steam in the steam liquefaction chamber, and the first circuit includes:

Pipe one, connecting the reactor outlet and the steam generator heat source inlet;

The second pipeline is connected to the outlet of the heat source of the steam generator and the inlet of the reactor;

The coolant pump is arranged on the second pipeline.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present utility model are:

The first circuit of the utility model is filled with liquid metal, and the liquid metal is used as the coolant. The liquid metal has the unique properties of high thermal conductivity and a wide temperature range of 0 to 2200°C, so the reactor outlet temperature can reach 400 to 400°C without pressurization. When the temperature is as high as 500°C, the first loop can be operated in a low pressure state, which helps to simplify the reactor structure, improve reliability, and avoid the defects caused by using water as the reactor coolant in the prior art.

On the basis of the above-mentioned technical scheme, the utility model can also be improved as follows:

Further, the second loop includes:

Pipe three, connecting the outlet of the steam liquefaction chamber and the inlet of the cold source of the steam generator;

The fourth pipeline is the fourth pipeline connecting the outlet of the cold source of the steam generator and the inlet of the steam turbine;

The condensate pump is arranged on the fourth pipeline.

By adopting the above scheme, the condensed water produced by the steam condensation in the steam generator is guided into the steam generator by the pipeline 3, and the condensed water exchanges heat with the liquid metal in the steam generator, and the condensed water absorbs heat to generate steam and enters the steam turbine through the pipeline 4 to drive The steam turbine works to generate electricity, and the spent steam after work enters the steam liquefaction chamber to form a cycle.

Further, the third loop includes:

The first heat exchange tube is arranged in the steam liquefaction chamber;

The first circulation pipe is arranged between the two ends of the first heat exchange pipe and the cooling water source;

The first circulating pump is arranged on the first circulating pipe.

By adopting the above scheme, the circulating pump continuously introduces the cooling water source into the heat exchange tube 1 in the steam liquefaction chamber, and the cooling water exchanges heat with the spent steam after working in the heat exchange tube 1 and returns to the cooling water source, fully absorbing the system. waste heat.

Further, a fourth loop is also provided in the steam generator, and the fourth loop includes:

The second heat exchange tube is arranged in the steam liquefaction chamber;

a heat dissipation chamber, located beside the steam generator, with an opening at the top;

The second circulation pipe is arranged between the two ends of the second heat exchange pipe and the heat dissipation chamber;

The second circulating pump is arranged on the second circulating pipe;

Wherein, the heat dissipation chamber, the second heat exchange tube and the second circulation tube are filled with liquid metal.

By adopting the above scheme, a fourth circuit filled with liquid metal is added to increase the waste heat absorption rate, thereby increasing the cooling efficiency of the reactor and reducing the external radiation of the nuclear reactor.

Further, the liquid metal is gallium, gallium-indium alloy, gallium-indium-tin alloy, sodium-potassium alloy or mercury that is liquid at room temperature.

Description of drawings

In order to illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings required for the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals throughout the drawings. In the drawings, each element or section is not necessarily drawn to actual scale.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

Shown in the picture:

1. Reactor;

2. Steam generator;

3. Steam turbine;

4. Steam liquefaction chamber;

5. The first circuit; 501, pipeline one; 502, pipeline two; 503, coolant pump;

6. Second circuit; 601, pipeline three; 602, pipeline four; 603, condensate pump;

7. The third circuit; 701, heat exchange pipe one; 702, circulation pipe one; 703, circulating pump one;

8. The fourth circuit; 801, the second heat exchange pipe; 802, the heat dissipation chamber; 803, the second circulation pipe; 804, the second circulation pump.

Detailed ways

The embodiments of the technical solutions of the present utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the technical or scientific terms used in the present application shall have the usual meanings understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying the number of indicated technical features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly defined.

In this application, unless otherwise expressly stated and defined, a first feature "on" or "under" a second feature may be in direct contact with the first and second features, or the first and second features indirectly through an intermediary touch. Also, the first feature being "above", "over" and "above" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "below", "below" and "below" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a lower level than the second feature.

As shown in FIG. 1 , a liquid metal-based nuclear reactor 1 provided in this embodiment includes a reactor 1 , a steam generator 2 , a steam turbine 3 and a steam liquefaction chamber 4 , and the outlet of the steam turbine 3 communicates with the steam liquefaction chamber 4 .

A first loop 5 is provided between the reactor 1 and the steam generator 2, the first loop 5 is filled with liquid metal, and a second loop 6 is provided between the steam generator 2 and the steam turbine 3, and the second loop 6 is used to absorb the first loop. The heat of the liquid metal in the first circuit 5 drives the steam turbine 3 to act. The steam liquefaction chamber 4 is provided with a third circuit 7 , and the third circuit 7 is used to cool the steam in the liquefied steam liquefaction chamber 4 .

Specifically, the first circuit 5 includes a pipeline one 501 , a pipeline two 502 and a coolant pump 503 . The first pipe 501 connects the outlet of the reactor 1 and the heat source inlet of the steam generator 2; the second pipe 502 connects the heat source outlet of the steam generator 2 and the inlet of the reactor 1; the coolant pump 503 is arranged on the second pipe 502.

In this embodiment, the first loop 5 is filled with liquid metal, and the liquid metal is used as the coolant. The liquid metal has the unique properties of high thermal conductivity and a wide temperature range of 0 to 2200°C. Therefore, the outlet temperature of the reactor 1 can be achieved without pressurization. At a temperature of 400-500° C., the first loop 5 can operate at a low pressure, which is helpful for simplifying the structure of the reactor 1 , improving reliability, and avoiding the defects caused by using water as the coolant for the reactor 1 in the prior art.

The second circuit 6 includes a pipeline three 601 , a pipeline four 602 and a condensate pump 603 . Pipeline three 601 connects the outlet of steam liquefaction chamber 4 and the cold source inlet of steam generator 2; pipe four 602 connects the fourth pipe of the cold source outlet of steam generator 2 and the inlet of steam turbine 3; condensate pump 603 is arranged on the fourth pipe.

Pipeline 3 601 guides the condensed water produced by the condensation of steam in steam generator 2 into steam generator 2, the condensed water exchanges heat with liquid metal in steam generator 2, and the condensed water absorbs heat to generate steam and enters steam turbine 3 through pipeline 4 602 The steam turbine 3 is driven to work to generate electricity, and the spent steam after work enters the steam liquefaction chamber 4 to form a cycle.

The third loop 7 includes a heat exchange pipe 1 701 , a circulation pipe 1 702 and a circulation pump 1 703 . Heat exchange tube one 701 is set in the steam liquefaction chamber 4; circulation tube one 702 is set between the two ends of heat exchange tube one 701 and the cooling water source;

The circulating pump 1 703 continuously introduces the cooling water source into the heat exchange tube 1 701 in the steam liquefaction chamber 4. The cooling water exchanges heat with the spent steam after working in the heat exchange tube 1 701 and returns to the cooling water source, fully absorbing the system. waste heat.

In this embodiment, the steam generator 2 is further provided with a fourth circuit 8 , and the fourth circuit 8 includes a second heat exchange pipe 801 , a heat dissipation chamber 802 , a second circulation pipe 803 and a second circulation pump 804 .

The second heat exchange tube 801 is set in the steam liquefaction chamber 4; the heat dissipation chamber 802 is set beside the steam generator 2, and the top is opened; the second circulation tube 803 is set between the two ends of the second heat exchange tube 801 and the heat dissipation chamber 802; The second 804 is set on the second 803 circulation pipe;

The heat dissipation chamber 802 , the second heat exchange tube 801 and the second circulation tube 803 are filled with liquid metal.

A fourth circuit 8 filled with liquid metal is added to increase the waste heat absorption rate, thereby increasing the cooling efficiency of the reactor 1 and reducing the external radiation of the nuclear reactor 1 .

In this embodiment, the liquid metal filled in the first loop 5 and the fourth loop 8 is a gallium-indium alloy that is liquid at room temperature, and can also be gallium, gallium-indium-tin alloy, sodium-potassium alloy or mercury.

In this embodiment, liquid metal is used as the coolant in the first loop 5, and the outlet temperature of the reactor 1 can reach 400-500°C without pressurization. structure, improve reliability, and avoid the defects caused by using water as the coolant for the reactor 1 in the prior art.

In this embodiment, a fourth loop 8 is added, and liquid metal is used as the heat exchange agent of the fourth loop 8 , which can effectively improve the absorption rate of waste heat of the system, thereby increasing the cooling efficiency of the reactor 1 and reducing the external radiation of the nuclear reactor 1 .

In the description of the present invention, a large number of specific details are described. It will be understood, however, that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.

In the description of this specification, description with reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples", etc., mean specific features described in connection with the embodiment or example , structure, material or feature is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of the different embodiments or examples, without conflicting each other.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present utility model, but not to limit them; although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that : it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the various embodiments of the present utility model The scope of the technical solution shall be covered by the scope of the claims and description of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A nuclear reactor based on liquid metal, characterized in that, comprising a reactor, a steam generator, a steam turbine and a steam liquefaction chamber, the outlet of the steam turbine is communicated with the steam liquefaction chamber, and between the reactor and the steam generator A first circuit is provided, the first circuit is filled with liquid metal, and a second circuit is provided between the steam generator and the steam turbine, and the second circuit is used to absorb the liquid metal in the first circuit The heat in the steam liquefaction chamber drives the steam turbine to act. A third circuit is arranged in the steam liquefaction chamber, and the third circuit is used to cool and liquefy the steam in the steam liquefaction chamber. The first circuit includes: Pipe one, connecting the reactor outlet and the steam generator heat source inlet; The second pipeline is connected to the outlet of the heat source of the steam generator and the inlet of the reactor; The coolant pump is arranged on the second pipeline. 2. The nuclear reactor of claim 1, wherein the second loop comprises: Pipe three, connecting the outlet of the steam liquefaction chamber and the inlet of the cold source of the steam generator; The fourth pipeline is the fourth pipeline connecting the outlet of the cold source of the steam generator and the inlet of the steam turbine; The condensate pump is arranged on the fourth pipeline. 3. The nuclear reactor of claim 1, wherein the third loop comprises: The first heat exchange tube is arranged in the steam liquefaction chamber; The first circulation pipe is arranged between the two ends of the first heat exchange pipe and the cooling water source; The first circulating pump is arranged on the first circulating pipe. 4. The nuclear reactor according to claim 1, wherein a fourth loop is further provided in the steam generator, and the fourth loop comprises: The second heat exchange tube is arranged in the steam liquefaction chamber; a heat dissipation chamber, located beside the steam generator, with an opening at the top; The second circulation pipe is arranged between the two ends of the second heat exchange pipe and the heat dissipation chamber; The second circulating pump is arranged on the second circulating pipe; Wherein, the heat dissipation chamber, the second heat exchange tube and the second circulation tube are filled with liquid metal. 5. The nuclear reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the liquid metal is gallium, gallium-indium alloy, gallium-indium-tin alloy, sodium-potassium alloy or mercury that is liquid at room temperature.

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