CN216993812U - Heat pump system of electric vehicle - Google Patents
Heat pump system of electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN216993812U CN216993812U CN202220301287.1U CN202220301287U CN216993812U CN 216993812 U CN216993812 U CN 216993812U CN 202220301287 U CN202220301287 U CN 202220301287U CN 216993812 U CN216993812 U CN 216993812U
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Abstract
The utility model provides an electric vehicle heat pump system, which comprises a first vehicle interior heat exchanger, an air supply compressor, an intermediate heat exchanger, an ejector, a flash tank and a vehicle exterior heat exchanger, wherein the first vehicle interior heat exchanger is connected with the intermediate heat exchanger; by arranging the combination of the ejector and the flash tank, the refrigerating capacity of the system can be improved under the refrigerating working condition in summer, and the heat absorption capacity of the system from the environment can be increased under the heating working condition in winter; through the high-efficient coupling of flash tank and sprayer, can not only reduce the throttling loss, can also reduce the tonifying qi compressor consumption to further promote the whole climatic efficiency of system, widened electric motor car heat pump system's working temperature district and high temperature adaptability.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of automobile air conditioners, in particular to a heat pump system of an electric vehicle.
Background
In order to solve the problem that global warming and energy crisis are increasingly aggravated, new energy automobiles become the development trend of the automobile industry. The energy consumption of an air conditioning system of the new energy automobile accounts for a large proportion of the energy consumption of the whole automobile, the endurance mileage and the driving comfort of the electric automobile are directly influenced by the performance of the air conditioning system, the electric automobile does not have engine waste heat for heating in winter, and the energy consumption is high by adopting a PTC auxiliary electric heating mode, so that the development of a high-efficiency electric automobile heat pump technology has important significance for the development of the new energy automobile industry.
At present, a heat pump system of an electric automobile mainly adopts a single-machine compression mode, and under a high-temperature or severe cold environment, the problems of overhigh exhaust temperature of a compressor, low efficiency of the compressor and the like are caused due to large temperature difference, so that the service life of the compressor is influenced, and the energy consumption is increased. Especially, in the extremely cold environment in winter, the system performance is seriously attenuated, which can lead to insufficient heating, so that the electric automobile can not be normally used in the extremely cold area.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides an electric vehicle heat pump system which is used for solving the problems that an existing electric vehicle heat pump system is low in refrigeration efficiency in summer and poor in heating performance in winter, and cannot meet requirements of drivers and passengers or even cannot be used normally in an extreme environment.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the embodiment of the utility model provides an electric vehicle heat pump system which comprises a first vehicle interior heat exchanger, a gas supplementing compressor, an intermediate heat exchanger, an ejector, a flash tank and a vehicle exterior heat exchanger, wherein the first vehicle interior heat exchanger is arranged in the vehicle interior;
the electric vehicle heat pump system has a first refrigerating state and a first heating state, in the first refrigerating state, one end of the first vehicle interior heat exchanger is connected with the low-pressure side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger, and the other end of the first vehicle interior heat exchanger is connected with the saturated liquid outlet of the flash tank; the air suction inlet of the air supply compressor is connected with the low-pressure side outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger, the exhaust outlet of the air supply compressor is connected with one end of the external heat exchanger, and the intermediate air supply inlet of the air supply compressor is connected with the saturated air outlet of the flash tank; a high-pressure side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected with the other end of the external heat exchanger, and a high-pressure side outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected with a working fluid inlet of the ejector; an injection fluid inlet of the ejector is connected with a pipeline between the intermediate heat exchanger and the air make-up compressor, and an ejector outlet of the ejector is connected with a flash tank inlet of the flash tank;
in the first heating state, one end of the first vehicle interior heat exchanger is connected with the high-pressure side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger, and the other end of the first vehicle interior heat exchanger is connected with the exhaust outlet of the air make-up compressor; the gas suction inlet of the gas supplementing compressor is connected with the low-pressure side outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger, and the intermediate gas supplementing inlet of the gas supplementing compressor is connected with the saturated gas outlet of the flash tank; a high-pressure side outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected with a working fluid inlet of the ejector, and a low-pressure side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected with one end of the exterior heat exchanger; an injection fluid inlet of the ejector is connected with a pipeline between the intermediate heat exchanger and the air make-up compressor, and an ejector outlet of the ejector is connected with a flash tank inlet of the flash tank; and a saturated liquid outlet of the flash tank is connected with the other end of the heat exchanger outside the vehicle.
According to the electric vehicle heat pump system provided by the utility model, the electric vehicle heat pump system further comprises a second in-vehicle heat exchanger, so that the electric vehicle heat pump system has a second refrigeration state and a second heating state;
in the second refrigeration state, one end of the first onboard heat exchanger is connected with the low-pressure side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger, and the other end of the first onboard heat exchanger is connected with the saturated liquid outlet of the flash tank; the air suction inlet of the air supply compressor is connected with the low-pressure side outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger, the exhaust outlet of the air supply compressor is connected with one end of the external heat exchanger, and the intermediate air supply inlet of the air supply compressor is connected with the saturated air outlet of the flash tank; a high-pressure side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected with the other end of the external heat exchanger, and a high-pressure side outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected with a working fluid inlet of the ejector; an injection fluid inlet of the ejector is connected with a pipeline between the intermediate heat exchanger and the air make-up compressor, and an ejector outlet of the ejector is connected with a flash tank inlet of the flash tank;
in the second heating state, one end of the second vehicle interior heat exchanger is connected with the high-pressure side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger, and the other end of the second vehicle interior heat exchanger is connected with the exhaust outlet of the air make-up compressor; the gas suction inlet of the gas supplementing compressor is connected with the low-pressure side outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger, and the intermediate gas supplementing inlet of the gas supplementing compressor is connected with the saturated outlet of the flash tank; a high-pressure side outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected with a working fluid inlet of the ejector, and a low-pressure side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected with one end of the exterior heat exchanger; an injection fluid inlet of the ejector is connected with a pipeline between the intermediate heat exchanger and the air make-up compressor, and an ejector outlet of the ejector is connected with a flash tank inlet of the flash tank; and a saturated liquid outlet of the flash tank is connected with the other end of the heat exchanger outside the vehicle.
According to the electric vehicle heat pump system provided by the utility model, the electric vehicle heat pump system also has a dehumidification state, in the dehumidification state, one end of the first vehicle interior heat exchanger is connected with the low-pressure side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger, and the other end of the first vehicle interior heat exchanger is connected with the saturated liquid outlet of the flash tank; the air suction inlet of the air supply compressor is connected with the low-pressure side outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger, the exhaust outlet of the air supply compressor is connected with the second in-vehicle heat exchanger, and the intermediate air supply inlet of the air supply compressor is connected with the saturated air outlet of the flash tank; a high-pressure side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected with the other end of the second in-vehicle heat exchanger, and a high-pressure side outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected with a working fluid inlet of the ejector; and an injection fluid inlet of the ejector is connected with a pipeline between the intermediate heat exchanger and the air supply compressor, and an ejector outlet of the ejector is connected with an inlet of the flash tank.
According to the electric vehicle heat pump system provided by the utility model, the electric vehicle heat pump system comprises a first low-pressure three-way valve, a second low-pressure three-way valve, a first high-pressure three-way valve and a second high-pressure three-way valve, wherein the first low-pressure three-way valve is connected with a first vehicle interior heat exchanger, a vehicle exterior heat exchanger and a saturated liquid outlet of a flash tank; the second low-pressure three-way valve is connected with the first vehicle interior heat exchanger, the vehicle exterior heat exchanger and a low-pressure side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger; the first high-pressure three-way valve is connected with the high-pressure side inlets of the external heat exchanger, the first internal heat exchanger and the intermediate heat exchanger; and the second high-pressure three-way valve is connected with the exhaust outlets of the external heat exchanger, the first internal heat exchanger and the air supply compressor.
According to the electric vehicle heat pump system provided by the utility model, the electric vehicle heat pump system comprises a first low-pressure three-way valve, a second low-pressure three-way valve, a first high-pressure three-way valve and a second high-pressure three-way valve, wherein the first low-pressure three-way valve is connected with a first vehicle interior heat exchanger, a vehicle exterior heat exchanger and a saturated liquid outlet of a flash tank; the second low-pressure three-way valve is connected with the first vehicle interior heat exchanger, the vehicle exterior heat exchanger and a low-pressure side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger; the first high-pressure three-way valve is connected with the high-pressure side inlets of the exterior heat exchanger, the second interior heat exchanger and the intermediate heat exchanger; the second high-pressure three-way valve is connected with the air exhaust outlet of the external heat exchanger, the second internal heat exchanger and the air replenishing compressor.
According to the electric vehicle heat pump system provided by the utility model, the electric vehicle heat pump system further comprises a fresh air valve, an in-vehicle fan and a direction-regulating air valve which are sequentially arranged, the first in-vehicle heat exchanger is arranged close to the in-vehicle fan, and the second in-vehicle heat exchanger is arranged close to the direction-regulating air valve.
According to the electric vehicle heat pump system provided by the utility model, the electric vehicle heat pump system further comprises an electronic expansion valve, one end of the electronic expansion valve is connected to the saturated liquid outlet of the flash tank, and the other end of the electronic expansion valve is connected to the first low-pressure three-way valve.
According to the heat pump system of the electric vehicle, provided by the utility model, the external heat exchanger further comprises an external fan.
The heat pump system of the electric vehicle is provided with the flash tank. Under the working condition of refrigeration in summer, the refrigerating capacity of the system can be increased, and under the working condition in winter, the heat absorption capacity of the system from the environment can be increased; because the flash tank is connected with the middle air supplement inlet of the air supplement compressor, the exhaust temperature of the air supplement compressor can be effectively reduced under the action of the air supplement branch, the efficiency of the air supplement compressor is improved, and the heating energy efficiency of a heat pump system is improved; in addition, through the efficient coupling of the ejector and the flash tank, the throttling loss can be reduced, and the power consumption of the air supply compressor can be reduced, so that the full-weather energy efficiency of the heat pump system is further improved, and the working temperature area and the high environmental adaptability of the heat pump system of the electric vehicle are widened.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings needed for the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a heat pump system of an electric vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of the heat pump system of the electric vehicle provided by the utility model in a first refrigeration state;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat pump system of an electric vehicle according to a first embodiment of the present invention in a first heating state;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of the heat pump system of the electric vehicle provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of the heat pump system of the electric vehicle provided by the utility model in a second refrigeration state;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of the heat pump system of the electric vehicle provided by the utility model in a second heating state;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of the heat pump system of the electric vehicle in a dehumidification state;
FIG. 8 is a second embodiment of the heat pump system for an electric vehicle according to the present invention and using CO2Is a cycle pressure-enthalpy diagram of the refrigerant.
Reference numerals: 1: an electric vehicle heat pump system; 2: a first vehicle interior heat exchanger; 3: a second in-vehicle heat exchanger; 4: a compressor for supplying air; 5: an intermediate heat exchanger; 6: an ejector; 7: a flash tank; 8: an exterior heat exchanger; 9: a first low-pressure three-way valve; 10: a second low-pressure three-way valve; 11: a first high-pressure three-way valve; 12: a second high-pressure three-way valve; 13: a suction inlet; 14: an exhaust outlet; 15: a middle air supply inlet; 16: a low pressure side inlet; 17: a low-pressure side outlet; 18: a high pressure side inlet; 19: a high pressure side outlet; 20: an ejection fluid inlet; 21: an injector outlet; 22: a working fluid inlet; 23: a flash tank inlet; 24: a saturated liquid outlet; 25: a saturated gas outlet; 26: a fresh air valve; 27: an in-vehicle fan; 28: a direction-adjusting air valve; 29: an air conditioning duct; 30: an external fan; 31: an electronic expansion valve.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In embodiments of the utility model, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature may be "on" or "under" a second feature such that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact via an intermediary. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature "under," "beneath," and "under" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description of the present specification, reference to the description of "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
The electric vehicle heat pump system 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 8, wherein the present invention provides two embodiments of the electric vehicle heat pump system 1, fig. 1 to 3 are schematic structural diagrams of a first embodiment, and fig. 4 to 7 are schematic structural diagrams of a second embodiment.
The existing heat pump system of the electric vehicle has low refrigeration efficiency in summer and poor heating performance in winter, and the extreme environment cannot meet the requirements of drivers and passengers or even cannot be normally used. Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the utility model provides an electric vehicle heat pump system 1 which comprises a first vehicle interior heat exchanger 2, a gas supplementing compressor 4, an intermediate heat exchanger 5, an ejector 6, a flash tank 7 and a vehicle exterior heat exchanger 8;
specifically, the electric vehicle heat pump system 1 has a first cooling state and a first heating state. Referring to fig. 2, in the first cooling state, one end of the first vehicle interior heat exchanger 2 is connected to the low-pressure side inlet 16 of the intermediate heat exchanger 5, and the other end of the first vehicle interior heat exchanger 2 is connected to the saturated liquid outlet 24 of the flash tank 7; the air suction inlet 13 of the air supply compressor 4 is connected with the low-pressure side outlet 17 of the intermediate heat exchanger 5, the exhaust outlet 14 of the air supply compressor 4 is connected with one end of the heat exchanger 8 outside the vehicle, and the intermediate air supply inlet 15 of the air supply compressor 4 is connected with the saturated air outlet 25 of the flash tank 7; a high-pressure side inlet 18 of the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is connected with the other end of the exterior heat exchanger 8, and a high-pressure side outlet 19 of the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is connected with a working fluid inlet 22 of the ejector 6; an injection fluid inlet 20 of the injector 6 is connected with a pipeline between the intermediate heat exchanger 5 and the air make-up compressor 4, and an injector outlet 21 of the injector 6 is connected with a flash tank inlet 23 of the flash tank 7;
referring to fig. 3, in the first heating state, one end of the first vehicle interior heat exchanger 2 is connected to the high-pressure side inlet 18 of the intermediate heat exchanger 5, and the other end of the first vehicle interior heat exchanger 2 is connected to the exhaust outlet 14 of the air make-up compressor 4; a gas suction inlet 13 of the gas supplementing compressor 4 is connected with a low-pressure side outlet 17 of the intermediate heat exchanger 5, and a middle gas supplementing inlet 15 of the gas supplementing compressor 4 is connected with a saturated gas outlet 25 of the flash tank 7; a high-pressure side outlet 19 of the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is connected with a working fluid inlet 22 of the ejector 6, and a low-pressure side inlet 16 of the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is connected with one end of the exterior heat exchanger 8; an injection fluid inlet 20 of the injector 6 is connected with a pipeline between the intermediate heat exchanger 5 and the air make-up compressor 4, and an injector outlet 21 of the injector 6 is connected with an inlet of the flash tank 7; the saturated liquid outlet 24 of the flash tank 7 is connected with the other end of the external heat exchanger 8.
The heat pump system 1 of the electric vehicle provided by the utility model is provided with the flash tank 7, so that the refrigerating capacity of the system can be increased under the refrigerating working condition in summer, and the heat absorption capacity of the system from the environment can be increased under the working condition in winter; because the flash tank 7 is connected with the middle air supply inlet 15 of the air supply compressor 4, the exhaust temperature of the air supply compressor 4 can be effectively reduced under the action of the air supply branch, the efficiency of the air supply compressor 4 is improved, and the heating energy efficiency of a heat pump system is improved; in addition, through the high-efficient coupling of ejector 6 and flash tank 7, can not only reduce the throttling loss, can also reduce the 4 consumption of tonifying qi compressor to further promote the heat pump system whole weather energy efficiency, widened electric motor car heat pump system 1's operating temperature district and high environmental suitability.
Further, the heat pump system 1 of the electric vehicle comprises a first low-pressure three-way valve 9, a second low-pressure three-way valve 10, a first high-pressure three-way valve 11 and a second high-pressure three-way valve 12, wherein the first low-pressure three-way valve 9 is connected with the first in-vehicle heat exchanger 2, the out-vehicle heat exchanger 8 and a saturated liquid outlet 24 of the flash tank 7; the second low-pressure three-way valve 10 is connected with the first in-vehicle heat exchanger 2, the out-vehicle heat exchanger 8 and the low-pressure side inlet 16 of the intermediate heat exchanger 5; the first high-pressure three-way valve 11 is connected with the high-pressure side inlets 18 of the exterior heat exchanger 8, the first interior heat exchanger 2 and the intermediate heat exchanger 5; the second high-pressure three-way valve 12 is connected with the external heat exchanger 8, the first internal heat exchanger 2 and the exhaust outlet 14 of the air make-up compressor 4.
It should be noted that the first low-pressure three-way valve 9, the second low-pressure three-way valve 10, the first high-pressure three-way valve 11, and the second high-pressure three-way valve 12 all have three ports, which are three ports a, b, and c, respectively, where the port a may be communicated with the port c, the port b may be communicated with the port c, the port a may not be communicated with the port b, and ac and bc must be communicated by one, but cannot be communicated simultaneously.
As shown in fig. 2, in the first cooling state, the first in-vehicle heat exchanger 2 is an evaporator, the external heat exchanger 8 is a condenser, and all three-way valve ac interfaces are communicated. The exhaust gas of the air supply compressor 4 enters the exterior heat exchanger 8 from the exhaust outlet 14 through the second high-pressure three-way valve 12, then enters the intermediate heat exchanger 5 from the high-pressure side inlet 18 through the first high-pressure three-way valve 11, further cools in the intermediate heat exchanger 5, flows out from the high-pressure side outlet 19 and enters the ejector 6 from the working fluid inlet 22 as the working fluid; meanwhile, the refrigerant flowing out of the first in-vehicle heat exchanger 2 passes through the second low-pressure three-way valve 10, enters the intermediate heat exchanger 5 from the low-pressure-side inlet 16, is heated in the intermediate heat exchanger 5, and then flows out from the low-pressure-side outlet 17. One part is used as a jet fluid and enters the ejector 6 from the working fluid inlet, and the other part enters the make-up air compressor 4 from the suction inlet 13. The working fluid and the injection fluid are mixed in the ejector 6 and then are ejected from the ejector outlet 21, enter the flash tank 7 from the flash tank inlet 23, gas-liquid separation is carried out in the flash tank 7, saturated gas flows out from the saturated gas outlet 25 and enters the gas supplementing compressor 4 through the middle gas supplementing inlet 15, and saturated liquid flows out from the saturated liquid outlet 24 and then enters the first vehicle-mounted heat exchanger 2. After evaporating and absorbing heat in the first vehicle interior heat exchanger 2, the refrigerant enters the intermediate heat exchanger 5 from the low-pressure side inlet 16 through the second low-pressure three-way valve 10, and the refrigeration cycle is completed.
As shown in fig. 3, in the first heating state, the first in-vehicle heat exchanger 2 serves as a condenser, the external heat exchanger 8 serves as an evaporator, and all three-way valve bc ports communicate with each other. The exhaust gas of the air supply compressor 4 enters the first in-vehicle heat exchanger 2 through the second high-pressure three-way valve 12 from the exhaust outlet 14, enters the intermediate heat exchanger 5 from the high-pressure side inlet 18 through the first high-pressure three-way valve 11 after being condensed, flows out as working fluid from the high-pressure side outlet 19 after being further cooled in the intermediate heat exchanger 5, and enters the ejector 6 through the working fluid inlet 22; meanwhile, the refrigerant coming out of the heat exchanger 8 outside the vehicle enters the intermediate heat exchanger 5 from the low-pressure side inlet 16 through the second low-pressure three-way valve 10, is subjected to heat absorption and temperature rise in the intermediate heat exchanger 5 and then flows out from the low-pressure side outlet 17, one part of the refrigerant enters the ejector 6 from the ejection fluid inlet 20 as an ejection fluid, and the other part of the refrigerant enters the makeup compressor 4 from the suction inlet 13. The working fluid and the injection fluid are mixed in the ejector 6 and then are ejected from the ejector outlet 21, the mixed fluid enters the flash tank 7 from the flash tank inlet 23, gas-liquid separation is carried out in the flash tank 7, saturated gas flows out from the saturated gas outlet 25 and enters the gas supplementing compressor 4 through the middle gas supplementing inlet 15, saturated liquid flows out from the saturated liquid outlet 24 and enters the exterior heat exchanger 8, refrigerant in the exterior heat exchanger 8 evaporates and absorbs heat in the ambient air outside the vehicle, and then enters the middle heat exchanger 5 from the low-pressure side inlet 16 through the second low-pressure three-way valve 10, and the heating cycle is completed.
Further, referring to fig. 4, the electric vehicle heat pump system 1 further includes a second vehicle interior heat exchanger 3, so that the electric vehicle heat pump system 1 has a second cooling state, a second heating state and a dehumidification state;
in the second refrigeration state, one end of the first onboard heat exchanger 2 is connected with the low-pressure side inlet 16 of the intermediate heat exchanger 5, and the other end of the first onboard heat exchanger 2 is connected with the saturated liquid outlet 24 of the flash tank 7; a gas suction inlet 13 of the gas supplementing compressor 4 is connected with a low-pressure side outlet 17 of the intermediate heat exchanger 5, a gas exhaust outlet 14 of the gas supplementing compressor 4 is connected with one end of the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 8, and a middle gas supplementing inlet 15 of the gas supplementing compressor 4 is connected with a saturated gas outlet 25 of the flash tank 7; a high-pressure side inlet 18 of the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is connected with the other end of the exterior heat exchanger 8, and a high-pressure side outlet 19 of the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is connected with a working fluid inlet 22 of the ejector 6; an injection fluid inlet 20 of the injector 6 is connected with a pipeline between the intermediate heat exchanger 5 and the air make-up compressor 4, and an injector outlet 21 of the injector 6 is connected with a flash tank inlet 23 of the flash tank 7;
in the second heating state, one end of the second interior heat exchanger 3 is connected to the high-pressure side inlet 18 of the intermediate heat exchanger 5, and the other end of the second interior heat exchanger 3 is connected to the exhaust outlet 14 of the make-up air compressor 4; a gas suction inlet 13 of the gas supplementing compressor 4 is connected with a low-pressure side outlet 17 of the intermediate heat exchanger 5, and a middle gas supplementing inlet 15 of the gas supplementing compressor 4 is connected with a saturated gas outlet 25 of the flash tank 7; a high-pressure side outlet 19 of the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is connected with a working fluid inlet 22 of the ejector 6, and a low-pressure side inlet 16 of the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is connected with one end of the exterior heat exchanger 8; an injection fluid inlet 20 of the injector 6 is connected with a pipeline between the intermediate heat exchanger 5 and the air make-up compressor 4, and an injector outlet 21 of the injector 6 is connected with an inlet of the flash tank 7; the saturated liquid outlet 24 of the flash tank 7 is connected with the other end of the external heat exchanger 8.
In a dehumidification state, one end of the first vehicle interior heat exchanger 2 is connected with the low-pressure side inlet 16 of the intermediate heat exchanger 5, and the other end of the first vehicle interior heat exchanger is connected with the saturated liquid outlet 24 of the flash tank 7; the air suction inlet 13 of the air supply compressor 4 is connected with the low-pressure side outlet 17 of the intermediate heat exchanger 5, the exhaust outlet 14 of the air supply compressor 4 is connected with the second inner heat exchanger 3, and the intermediate air supply inlet 15 of the air supply compressor 4 is connected with the saturated air outlet 25 of the flash tank 7; a high-pressure side inlet 18 of the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is connected to the other end of the second in-vehicle heat exchanger 3, and a high-pressure side outlet 19 of the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is connected to a working fluid inlet 22 of the ejector 6; the injection fluid inlet 20 of the injector 6 is connected with the pipeline between the intermediate heat exchanger 5 and the air make-up compressor 4, and the injector outlet 21 of the injector 6 is connected with the inlet of the flash tank 7.
Further, similar to the above embodiment, the electric vehicle heat pump system 1 still includes the above three-way valve, the first low-pressure three-way valve 9 is connected with the first vehicle interior heat exchanger 2, the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 8 and the saturated liquid outlet 24 of the flash tank 7; the second low-pressure three-way valve 10 is connected with the first in-vehicle heat exchanger 2, the out-vehicle heat exchanger 8 and the low-pressure side inlet 16 of the intermediate heat exchanger 5; the first high-pressure three-way valve 11 is connected to the exterior heat exchanger 8, the second interior heat exchanger 3, and the high-pressure side inlet 18 of the intermediate heat exchanger 5; the second high-pressure three-way valve 12 is connected to the exterior heat exchanger 8, the second interior heat exchanger 3, and the exhaust outlet 14 of the make-up air compressor 4. In addition, the electric vehicle heat pump system 1 further includes a fresh air valve 26, an in-vehicle fan 27 and a direction-adjusting air valve 28, which are sequentially arranged, the first in-vehicle heat exchanger 2 is arranged close to the in-vehicle fan 27, and the second in-vehicle heat exchanger 3 is arranged close to the direction-adjusting air valve 28.
Referring to fig. 5, in the second cooling state, the first interior heat exchanger 2 is an evaporator, the exterior heat exchanger 8 is a condenser, and ac interfaces of all three-way valves are communicated. The exhaust gas of the air make-up compressor 4 flows out through an exhaust outlet 14, enters the exterior heat exchanger 8 through a second high-pressure three-way valve 12, is condensed in the exterior heat exchanger 8, enters the intermediate heat exchanger 5 through a first high-pressure three-way valve 11 from a high-pressure side inlet 18, further cools in the intermediate heat exchanger 5, flows out from a high-pressure side outlet 19, and serves as working fluid to enter the ejector 6 from a working fluid inlet 22; meanwhile, the refrigerant coming out of the first vehicle interior heat exchanger 2 enters the intermediate heat exchanger 5 from the low-pressure side inlet 16 through the second low-pressure three-way valve 10, is subjected to heat absorption and temperature rise in the intermediate heat exchanger 5 and then flows out from the low-pressure side outlet 17, one part of the refrigerant enters the ejector 6 from the ejection fluid inlet 20 as ejection fluid, and the other part of the refrigerant enters the air make-up compressor 4 from the air suction inlet 13; the working fluid and the injection fluid are mixed in the ejector 6 and then are ejected through the ejector outlet 21 to enter the flash tank 7, gas-liquid separation is carried out in the flash tank 7, saturated gas flows out through the saturated gas outlet 25 and then enters the gas supplementing compressor 4 through the intermediate gas supplementing inlet 15, saturated liquid flows out through the saturated liquid outlet 24 and enters the first vehicle-interior heat exchanger 2, refrigerant evaporates and absorbs heat in the first vehicle-interior heat exchanger 2 and then enters the intermediate heat exchanger 5 through the second low-pressure three-way valve 10, and refrigeration cycle is completed.
Under the action of the in-vehicle fan 27, the refrigerant of the first in-vehicle heat exchanger 2 evaporates and absorbs the heat of the air entering the air conditioning duct 29, the air temperature of the inlet air is reduced after passing through the first in-vehicle heat exchanger 2, and then the inlet air bypasses the second in-vehicle heat exchanger 3 and is delivered to a user side through an air outlet under the action of the direction-adjusting air valve 28, so that the purpose of refrigerating the vehicle room is achieved. Under the effect of flash tank 7, the unit refrigerating capacity of system increases, and under the effect of ejector 6, the compression consumption further reduces when system throttle loss reduces to the refrigeration efficiency of system has been promoted.
Referring to fig. 6, in the second heating state, the first vehicle interior heat exchanger 2 does not participate in the circulation, the second vehicle interior heat exchanger 3 serves as a condenser, the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 8 serves as an evaporator, all three-way valve bc interfaces are communicated, the exhaust gas of the air make-up compressor 4 enters the second vehicle interior heat exchanger 3 through the second high-pressure three-way valve 12, enters the intermediate heat exchanger 5 through the first high-pressure three-way valve 11 after being condensed through the intake air of the air-conditioning duct 29 under the action of the turning air valve 28, and enters the ejector 6 as the working fluid after being further cooled in the intermediate heat exchanger 5; meanwhile, the refrigerant coming out of the heat exchanger 8 outside the vehicle enters the intermediate heat exchanger 5 through the second low-pressure three-way valve 10, after heat absorption and temperature rise in the intermediate heat exchanger 5, one part of the refrigerant enters the ejector 6 as injection fluid, and the other part of the refrigerant enters the air make-up compressor 4 from the air suction inlet 13; the working fluid and the injection fluid are mixed in the ejector 6 and then sprayed out to enter the flash tank 7, gas-liquid separation is carried out in the flash tank 7, saturated gas enters the gas supplementing compressor 4 through the middle gas supplementing inlet 15, saturated liquid enters the external heat exchanger 8, and after a refrigerant in the external heat exchanger 8 evaporates and absorbs heat in external ambient air, the refrigerant enters the middle heat exchanger 5 through the second low-pressure three-way valve 10 to complete a heating cycle.
Under the action of the flash tank 7, the heat pump system increases the unit heat absorption from the environment outside the vehicle; the exhaust temperature of the compressor under the large heating pressure ratio in winter is effectively reduced under the action of the air supply branch connected between the flash tank 7 and the air supply compressor 4; under the effect of sprayer 6, when system throttle loss reduces, the compression consumption further reduces, and under extremely cold environment, system heating performance promotes more showing.
Referring to fig. 7, in the dehumidification state, the first interior heat exchanger 2 serves as an evaporator, the second interior heat exchanger 3 serves as a condenser, and the exterior heat exchanger 8 does not participate in the circulation. The refrigerant in the first vehicle interior heat exchanger 2 evaporates and absorbs the heat of wind entering the air conditioning duct 29 under the action of the vehicle interior fan 27, so that the temperature of the wind is reduced to the dew point temperature, and the purpose of dehumidification is achieved. After being evaporated, the refrigerant enters the intermediate heat exchanger 5 through the second low-pressure three-way valve 10, after being subjected to heat absorption and temperature rise in the intermediate heat exchanger 5, one part of the refrigerant enters the ejector 6 as an injection fluid, and the other part of the refrigerant enters the gas supplementing compressor 4 from the gas suction inlet 13; meanwhile, the exhaust gas of the air make-up compressor 4 enters the second in-vehicle heat exchanger 3 through the second high-pressure three-way valve 12, the temperature of the dehumidified inlet air is raised under the action of the direction-adjusting air valve 28, the refrigerant is condensed in the second in-vehicle heat exchanger 3 and then enters the intermediate heat exchanger 5 through the first high-pressure three-way valve 11, the refrigerant is further cooled in the intermediate heat exchanger 5 and then enters the ejector 6 as working fluid, the working fluid and the injection fluid are mixed in the ejector 6 and then sprayed out, the working fluid enters the flash tank 7, gas-liquid separation is carried out in the flash tank 7, saturated gas enters the air make-up compressor 4 through the intermediate air make-up inlet 15, and saturated liquid enters the first in-vehicle heat exchanger 2, so that the dehumidification cycle is completed.
In the dehumidification mode, the ac ports of the first low-pressure three-way valve 9 are communicated, the ac ports of the second low-pressure three-way valve 10 are communicated, the bc port of the first high-pressure three-way valve 11 is communicated, and the bc port of the second high-pressure three-way valve 12 is communicated. The dehumidification mode is used for heating the operating mode in winter, and the assumption air inlet follows the wind direction from right to left in air conditioner wind channel 29, and during the dehumidification, the heat exchanger 2 cooling to dew point temperature dehumidifies in first car, and the heat exchanger 3 heaies up the back and sends into the car room heat supply in the second car again.
Under the action of the flash tank 7, the heat pump system increases the unit heat absorption from the environment outside the vehicle; under the action of the air supply branch, the exhaust temperature of the compressor under the large heating pressure ratio in winter is effectively reduced; under the effect of sprayer 6, when system throttle loss reduces, the compression consumption further reduces, and under extremely cold environment, system heating performance promotes more showing.
Further, the electric vehicle heat pump system 1 further includes an electronic expansion valve 31, one end of the electronic expansion valve 31 is connected to the saturated liquid outlet 24 of the flash tank 7, and the other end is connected to the first low-pressure three-way valve 9, and the electronic expansion valve 31 is mainly used for throttling. In addition, the exterior heat exchanger 8 also includes an exterior fan 30 to provide power for evaporation or condensation for the exterior heat exchanger 8.
Referring to fig. 8, the electric vehicle heat pump system 1 provided by the present invention has a simpler structure than the existing two-stage compression electric vehicle heat pump system, is more reliable than the electric vehicle heat pump system with an ejector, and has better performance than the electric vehicle heat pump system with an economizer. When the heat pump system is provided with the heat exchanger in the vehicle, the heat pump system can be suitable for the electric passenger car and realizes the functions of refrigeration and heating; when the heat pump system is provided with two in-vehicle heat exchangers, the heat pump system is applicable to electric automobiles, and can realize switching of modes such as refrigeration, heating, dehumidification and the like. The electric vehicle heat pump system 1 provided by the utility model can increase the refrigerating capacity of the system under the refrigerating working condition in summer, can increase the heating capacity of the system under the heating working condition in winter, can effectively reduce the exhaust temperature of the compressor under the action of the air supplement branch, improves the efficiency of the compressor, and improves the heating energy efficiency of the heat pump system, and by efficiently coupling the ejector 6 and the flash tank 7, the throttling loss can be reduced, and the power consumption of the air supplement compressor 4 can be reduced, so that the whole climate energy efficiency of the heat pump system is further improved, and the working temperature area and the high environment adaptability of the electric vehicle heat pump system 1 are widened.
It should be noted that the heat pump system 1 for the electric vehicle provided by the present invention has universality, and is suitable for both conventional low-pressure refrigerants such as HFC (R134a, R1234yf, R410a) and CO (carbon dioxide)2And high-pressure refrigerant.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A heat pump system of an electric vehicle is characterized by comprising a first vehicle interior heat exchanger, an air supply compressor, an intermediate heat exchanger, an ejector, a flash tank and a vehicle exterior heat exchanger;
the electric vehicle heat pump system has a first refrigerating state and a first heating state, in the first refrigerating state, one end of the first vehicle interior heat exchanger is connected with the low-pressure side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger, and the other end of the first vehicle interior heat exchanger is connected with the saturated liquid outlet of the flash tank; the air suction inlet of the air supply compressor is connected with the low-pressure side outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger, the exhaust outlet of the air supply compressor is connected with one end of the external heat exchanger, and the intermediate air supply inlet of the air supply compressor is connected with the saturated air outlet of the flash tank; a high-pressure side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected with the other end of the external heat exchanger, and a high-pressure side outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected with a working fluid inlet of the ejector; an injection fluid inlet of the ejector is connected with a pipeline between the intermediate heat exchanger and the air make-up compressor, and an ejector outlet of the ejector is connected with a flash tank inlet of the flash tank;
in the first heating state, one end of the first vehicle interior heat exchanger is connected with the high-pressure side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger, and the other end of the first vehicle interior heat exchanger is connected with the exhaust outlet of the air make-up compressor; the gas suction inlet of the gas supplementing compressor is connected with the low-pressure side outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger, and the intermediate gas supplementing inlet of the gas supplementing compressor is connected with the saturated gas outlet of the flash tank; a high-pressure side outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected with a working fluid inlet of the ejector, and a low-pressure side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected with one end of the exterior heat exchanger; an injection fluid inlet of the ejector is connected with a pipeline between the intermediate heat exchanger and the air make-up compressor, and an ejector outlet of the ejector is connected with a flash tank inlet of the flash tank; and a saturated liquid outlet of the flash tank is connected with the other end of the external heat exchanger.
2. The electric vehicle heat pump system of claim 1, further comprising a second in-vehicle heat exchanger such that the electric vehicle heat pump system has a second cooling state and a second heating state;
in the second refrigeration state, one end of the first onboard heat exchanger is connected with the low-pressure side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger, and the other end of the first onboard heat exchanger is connected with the saturated liquid outlet of the flash tank; the air suction inlet of the air supply compressor is connected with the low-pressure side outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger, the exhaust outlet of the air supply compressor is connected with one end of the external heat exchanger, and the intermediate air supply inlet of the air supply compressor is connected with the saturated air outlet of the flash tank; a high-pressure side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected with the other end of the external heat exchanger, and a high-pressure side outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected with a working fluid inlet of the ejector; an injection fluid inlet of the ejector is connected with a pipeline between the intermediate heat exchanger and the air make-up compressor, and an ejector outlet of the ejector is connected with a flash tank inlet of the flash tank;
in the second heating state, one end of the second vehicle interior heat exchanger is connected with the high-pressure side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger, and the other end of the second vehicle interior heat exchanger is connected with the exhaust outlet of the air make-up compressor; the gas suction inlet of the gas supplementing compressor is connected with the low-pressure side outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger, and the intermediate gas supplementing inlet of the gas supplementing compressor is connected with the saturated gas outlet of the flash tank; a high-pressure side outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected with a working fluid inlet of the ejector, and a low-pressure side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected with one end of the exterior heat exchanger; an injection fluid inlet of the ejector is connected with a pipeline between the intermediate heat exchanger and the air make-up compressor, and an ejector outlet of the ejector is connected with a flash tank inlet of the flash tank; and a saturated liquid outlet of the flash tank is connected with the other end of the heat exchanger outside the vehicle.
3. The electric vehicle heat pump system of claim 2, further having a dehumidification state in which the first in-vehicle heat exchanger is connected at one end to a low-pressure side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger and at the other end to a saturated liquid outlet of the flash tank; the air suction inlet of the air supply compressor is connected with the low-pressure side outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger, the exhaust outlet of the air supply compressor is connected with the second in-vehicle heat exchanger, and the intermediate air supply inlet of the air supply compressor is connected with the saturated air outlet of the flash tank; a high-pressure side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected with the other end of the second in-vehicle heat exchanger, and a high-pressure side outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected with a working fluid inlet of the ejector; and an injection fluid inlet of the ejector is connected with a pipeline between the intermediate heat exchanger and the air supply compressor, and an ejector outlet of the ejector is connected with an inlet of the flash tank.
4. The electric vehicle heat pump system of claim 1, comprising a first low pressure three-way valve, a second low pressure three-way valve, a first high pressure three-way valve, and a second high pressure three-way valve, the first low pressure three-way valve connected to the first in-vehicle heat exchanger, the out-vehicle heat exchanger, and a saturated liquid outlet of the flash tank; the second low-pressure three-way valve is connected with the first vehicle interior heat exchanger, the vehicle exterior heat exchanger and a low-pressure side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger; the first high-pressure three-way valve is connected with the high-pressure side inlets of the external heat exchanger, the first internal heat exchanger and the intermediate heat exchanger; the second high-pressure three-way valve is connected with the exhaust outlets of the external heat exchanger, the first internal heat exchanger and the air replenishing compressor.
5. The electric vehicle heat pump system of claim 3, comprising a first low pressure three-way valve, a second low pressure three-way valve, a first high pressure three-way valve, and a second high pressure three-way valve, the first low pressure three-way valve connected to the first in-vehicle heat exchanger, the out-vehicle heat exchanger, and a saturated liquid outlet of the flash tank; the second low-pressure three-way valve is connected with the first vehicle interior heat exchanger, the vehicle exterior heat exchanger and a low-pressure side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger; the first high-pressure three-way valve is connected with high-pressure side inlets of the exterior heat exchanger, the second interior heat exchanger and the intermediate heat exchanger; the second high-pressure three-way valve is connected with the air exhaust outlet of the external heat exchanger, the second internal heat exchanger and the air replenishing compressor.
6. The electric vehicle heat pump system as claimed in claim 3, further comprising a fresh air damper, an in-vehicle fan and a direction-regulating air damper, wherein the first in-vehicle heat exchanger is disposed adjacent to the in-vehicle fan, and the second in-vehicle heat exchanger is disposed adjacent to the direction-regulating air damper.
7. The electric vehicle heat pump system of claim 4 or 5, further comprising an electronic expansion valve, one end of the electronic expansion valve being connected to the saturated liquid outlet of the flash tank, the other end being connected to the first low-pressure three-way valve.
8. The electric vehicle heat pump system of claim 7, wherein the exterior heat exchanger further comprises an exterior fan.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202220301287.1U CN216993812U (en) | 2022-02-15 | 2022-02-15 | Heat pump system of electric vehicle |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202220301287.1U CN216993812U (en) | 2022-02-15 | 2022-02-15 | Heat pump system of electric vehicle |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2024044444A1 (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2024-02-29 | Daikin Comfort Technologies Manufacturing, L.P. | Systems and methods for heat pump systems |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2024044444A1 (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2024-02-29 | Daikin Comfort Technologies Manufacturing, L.P. | Systems and methods for heat pump systems |
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