CN216980684U - Thermal runaway prevention battery pack - Google Patents
Thermal runaway prevention battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN216980684U CN216980684U CN202220559701.9U CN202220559701U CN216980684U CN 216980684 U CN216980684 U CN 216980684U CN 202220559701 U CN202220559701 U CN 202220559701U CN 216980684 U CN216980684 U CN 216980684U
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- liquid
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- cooling plate
- fighting
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- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 178
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 23
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a thermal runaway prevention battery pack which comprises a battery box body, a battery module, a relay, a BMS (battery management system) and a liquid cooling system, wherein the battery box body is provided with a battery box body; the BMS comprises a BCU, a cooling plate temperature acquisition module, a battery temperature acquisition module and a communication module; the liquid cooling system comprises a fire-fighting liquid supply system and a cooling plate liquid supply system; the cooling plate liquid supply system comprises a first liquid storage tank, a pump A, a liquid cooling unit controller, a cooling plate liquid inlet pipeline, a cooling plate liquid outlet pipeline and a cooling plate liquid inlet valve; the fire-fighting liquid supply system comprises a second liquid storage tank, a pump B, a pump C, a fire-fighting liquid inlet pipeline, a fire-fighting liquid outlet pipeline and a fire-fighting liquid inlet valve; the temperature of the battery is collected through the BCU and uploaded to the BMS, and when the temperature of the battery exceeds a first set threshold range, the BMS starts a liquid supply system of a cooling plate to cool the battery; when the battery temperature exceeded the second and set for the threshold value, BMS started the fire control liquid supply system and directly circulated the injection into the battery box fast with the coolant liquid, reached rapid cooling or put out a fire the purpose.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery pack capable of preventing thermal runaway.
Background
In recent ten years, lithium battery technology has been developed, but 100% prevention of thermal runaway of lithium batteries has not been achieved. The lithium battery pack for the electric vehicle, in which hundreds of lithium batteries are connected in series and in parallel for use, still has certain risks of fire, explosion and combustion, and an intrinsically safe lithium battery has not yet been developed. Therefore, how to prevent the thermal runaway of the lithium battery, how to prevent the thermal expansion of the battery pack and reduce the potential safety hazard of the battery pack to the whole vehicle are commonly used at present, early warning and isolation are performed, and according to the national standard requirement, after the thermal runaway early warning is sent out by the battery pack, evacuation time of at least 5 minutes is provided. Therefore, the heat of the battery pack is timely dissipated by the current heat management method, heat accumulation is prevented, and thermal runaway is caused, for example, in chinese patent CN214706049U, the cooling plate is optimized, so that the layout of the cooling pipeline is more reasonable, and the liquid joint and the liquid return joint are both arranged on the same side of the cooling plate, which is beneficial to uniform heat dissipation of the sub-battery packs on the cooling plate. However, similar techniques can only take away heat generated during normal use of the battery, and for the heat generated by thermal runaway and thermal expansion caused by the thermal runaway in a short time, the conventional cooling technology for packaging the battery pack cannot timely cool the battery pack.
Aiming at the problem of thermal runaway, in chinese patent CN107069140A, a technical scheme of double alarm and double protection with insulation alarm and high temperature alarm is provided, which can block thermal runaway of a lithium ion battery at a thermal diffusion stage. However, in this solution, the amount of antifreeze contained in the water tank is limited and cannot be recycled, and when thermal runaway or thermal expansion occurs, it is obviously not sufficient to absorb a large amount of heat generated by the battery pack after thermal runaway or thermal expansion by using only a limited amount of antifreeze.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to solve the technical problem of providing a thermal runaway prevention battery pack to achieve the aim of quickly reducing the temperature of the battery pack and improve the safety and reliability of the battery pack.
The technical scheme for realizing the utility model is as follows: a thermal runaway prevention battery pack comprises a battery box body, a battery module, a relay, a Battery Management System (BMS) and a liquid cooling system; the BMS comprises a battery control module (BCU), a cooling plate temperature acquisition module, a battery temperature acquisition module and a communication module; the liquid cooling system comprises a fire-fighting liquid supply system and a cooling plate liquid supply system; the cooling plate liquid supply system comprises a first liquid storage tank, a pump A, a liquid cooling unit controller, a cooling plate liquid inlet pipeline, a cooling plate liquid outlet pipeline and a cooling plate liquid inlet valve; the fire-fighting liquid supply system comprises a second liquid storage tank, a pump B, a pump C, a fire-fighting liquid inlet pipeline, a fire-fighting liquid outlet pipeline and a fire-fighting liquid inlet valve; the first liquid storage tank is connected with a liquid inlet of a cooling plate of the battery pack through a pump A; the liquid inlet of the cooling plate is communicated with a liquid inlet pipeline of the cooling plate in the battery pack, and a cooling plate liquid inlet valve controlled to be opened and closed by a BMS is arranged on the liquid inlet pipeline of the cooling plate; the second liquid storage tank is connected with a fire-fighting liquid inlet of the battery pack through a pump B, and a fire-fighting liquid inlet valve controlled to be opened and closed by a BMS is arranged on the fire-fighting liquid inlet pipeline; a fire-fighting liquid outlet is formed in the bottom of the battery pack and connected to the second liquid storage tank; the battery bottom is provided with a C pump which is controlled to be opened and closed by BMS and BCU; the battery pack is internally provided with a BCU (battery controller unit), and the BCU is provided with a cooling plate temperature acquisition module and a battery temperature acquisition module.
The working principle of the utility model is as follows: the BCU uploads the collected temperatures of the cooling plate and the battery to the BMS through CAN communication, and when the temperature of the battery exceeds a first set threshold range, the BMS generates a relevant operation instruction and issues the relevant operation instruction to the BCU; after receiving the command of the BMS, the BCU starts a liquid inlet valve of the cooling plate, starts a pump A, pumps the cooling liquid in the first liquid storage tank into a liquid inlet pipeline of the cooling plate, and cools or heats the battery; when the temperature of the battery exceeds a second set threshold value, the BMS generates a relevant operation instruction and issues the relevant operation instruction to the BCU; BCU opens the fire control feed liquor valve after receiving BMS's instruction, starts the B pump, and the fire control coolant liquid directly pours into the battery box into the fire control coolant liquid rapid cycle in the second liquid reserve tank into through fire control feed liquor pipe in, and the fire control coolant liquid and battery direct contact cool down or put out a fire to the battery fast. And starting the fire-fighting cooling liquid after immersing the pump C, and performing forced circulation cooling on the over-temperature battery pack.
The BMS directly controls the opening and closing of a liquid inlet valve and a pump A of the cooling plate according to the temperature of the battery when the cooling system of the liquid cooling plate is started and stopped; meanwhile, the temperature of the cooling liquid in the first liquid storage tank is controlled within a set range through the cold-heat exchanger, and further the temperature of the battery is controlled within a proper temperature range, wherein the temperature of the battery is preferably controlled within a range of 15-35 ℃.
The first liquid storage tank is provided with a cold-heat exchanger, and the temperature of the cooling liquid in the first liquid storage tank is controlled within a set range; the second liquid storage tank is separately formed.
The start and stop of the fire-fighting cooling system are directly controlled by the BMS according to the temperature of the battery to open and close the fire-fighting liquid inlet valve, the B pump and the C pump of the overtemperature battery pack.
Preferably, the fire-fighting liquid inlet is arranged at the upper part of the battery pack, and the cooling liquid in the second liquid storage tank is directly injected into the over-temperature battery pack in a circulating manner through the pump B; the fire-fighting liquid outlet is arranged at the bottom of the battery pack, and the cooling liquid flows back to the second liquid storage tank again through the fire-fighting liquid outlet pipe; the fire-fighting cooling liquid is circulated in the battery pack through the C pump, and the heat of the thermal runaway battery is quickly conducted out.
Force the fire control coolant liquid at battery package inner loop through the C pump, let the fire control coolant liquid in the battery package and the coolant liquid circulation in the second liquid reserve tank get up through the B pump, so go out the heat fast dispersion conduction of thermal runaway battery, so stop that the battery package takes place thermal expansion or the burning of starting a fire.
Optionally, the pump a and the pump B may share one pump instead, so as to achieve the purposes of saving space and reducing cost.
The utility model has the beneficial effects that: (1) the battery pack liquid cooling system is provided with double protection, when the temperature of the battery exceeds a first set threshold range, the cooling mode of the cooling plate is started, and the battery can be heated or cooled under the condition of normal work; (2) when the temperature of the battery exceeds a second set threshold value, the fire-fighting cooling mode is started, the cooling liquid is directly and rapidly injected into the battery pack in a circulating mode, the battery is soaked in the cooling liquid, and the purpose of rapidly cooling or extinguishing fire is achieved; (3) when the temperature of the battery in the battery pack exceeds a second set threshold value, the fire-fighting cooling liquid is forced to circulate in the battery pack, and meanwhile, the fire-fighting cooling liquid in the battery pack and the cooling liquid in the liquid storage tank are circulated, so that the heat of the thermal runaway battery is quickly dispersed and conducted out, and the thermal expansion or fire burning of the battery pack is avoided; (ii) a (4) The second liquid storage tank adopts the flame-retardant low-conductivity cooling liquid, so that short circuit or fire can not occur when the battery is soaked in the cooling liquid, and the absolute safety of the battery pack is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the positions of the fire fighting liquid inlet and fire fighting liquid outlet of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a battery module; 2-a relay; 3-a battery control module (BCU); 4-Battery Management System (BMS); 501-a first liquid storage tank; 502-a second reservoir; 6-a cooling plate temperature acquisition module; 7-cooling the liquid inlet of the plate; 8-fire-fighting liquid inlet; 9-a liquid cooling system; 10-a battery temperature acquisition module; an 11-A pump; 12-B pump; 13-fire control feed liquor valve; 14-cooling plate liquid inlet valve; 15-a fuse; 16-a negative terminal; 17-positive terminal post; 18-a cooling plate liquid outlet; 19-a fire-fighting liquid outlet; 20-a cold heat exchanger; 21-a liquid cooling unit controller; 22-a communication module; 23-C pump.
Detailed Description
Examples
A thermal runaway prevention battery pack comprises a battery box body, a battery module 1, a relay 2, a BMS and a liquid cooling system 9; the BMS 4 comprises a BCU 3, a cooling plate temperature acquisition module 6, a battery temperature acquisition module 10 and a communication module 22; the liquid cooling system 9 consists of a fire-fighting liquid supply system and a cooling plate liquid supply system; the cooling plate liquid supply system comprises a first liquid storage tank 501, an A pump 11, a liquid cooling unit controller 21, a cooling plate liquid inlet pipeline, a cooling plate liquid outlet pipeline and a cooling plate liquid inlet valve. The fire-fighting liquid supply system comprises a second liquid storage tank 502, a B pump 12, a C pump 23, a fire-fighting liquid inlet pipeline, a fire-fighting liquid outlet pipeline and a fire-fighting liquid inlet valve; the first liquid storage tank 501 is connected with a liquid inlet 7 of a cooling plate of the battery pack through an A pump 11; the cooling plate liquid inlet 7 is communicated with a cooling plate liquid inlet pipeline in the battery pack, and a cooling plate liquid inlet valve 14 controlled to be opened and closed by a BMS is arranged on the cooling plate liquid inlet pipeline; the second liquid storage tank 502 is connected with a fire-fighting liquid inlet 8 of the battery pack through a B pump 12, and a fire-fighting liquid inlet valve 13 which is controlled to be opened and closed by a BMS is arranged on the fire-fighting liquid inlet pipeline. A fire-fighting liquid outlet 19 is arranged at the bottom of the battery pack, and the fire-fighting liquid outlet 19 is connected to the liquid storage box 502; the bottom of the battery is provided with a C pump 23 whose opening and closing are directly controlled by a BMS.
A BCU is arranged in the battery pack, and the BCU is provided with a cooling plate temperature acquisition module 6 and a battery temperature acquisition module 10; the BCU CAN upload the collected temperatures of the cooling plate and the battery to the BMS through CAN communication, and when the temperature of the battery exceeds a first set threshold range, the BMS generates a relevant operation instruction and issues the relevant operation instruction to the BCU; after receiving the command of the BMS, the BCU opens a liquid inlet valve 14 of a cooling plate, and starts an A pump 11 to cool or heat the battery; when the temperature of the battery exceeds a second set threshold value, the BMS generates a related operation instruction and issues the instruction to the BCU; BCU opens relay 2 after the instruction of receiving BMS, opens fire control feed liquor valve 13, starts B pump 12 and C pump 23, with the fire control coolant liquid in the second liquid reserve tank 502 through the direct quick injection of fire control feed liquor pipe to the battery package in, the fire control coolant liquid is conducted heat with battery direct contact, fast to the thermal runaway battery cool down or put out a fire.
The BMS directly controls the opening and closing of a liquid inlet valve and a pump A of the cooling plate according to the temperature of the battery when the cooling system of the liquid cooling plate is started and stopped; meanwhile, the temperature of the cooling liquid in the first liquid storage tank is controlled within a set range through the cold-heat exchanger, and further the temperature of the battery is controlled within a proper temperature range, wherein the preferable control range of the temperature of the battery is 15-35 ℃.
The first liquid storage tank 501 is provided with a cold-heat exchanger 20, which controls the temperature of the cooling liquid in the first liquid storage tank 501 within a set range, and the first liquid storage tank 501 is filled with a mixture of glycerol and deionized water.
The second liquid storage tank 502 is a single tank, and a mixture of silicone oil, deionized water and a small amount of amphoteric surfactant which has high specific heat capacity, low melting point, high boiling point, low conductivity, low viscosity, no corrosion, flame retardance and stable electrochemical performance is filled in the second liquid storage tank 502.
The start and stop of the fire-fighting cooling system are directly controlled by the BMS according to the temperature of the battery to open and close the fire-fighting liquid inlet valve, the B pump and the C pump, and when the temperature of the battery is lower than a second set threshold value, the fire-fighting liquid inlet valve is in a normally closed state.
The fire-fighting liquid inlet 8 is arranged at the upper part of the battery pack, and the cooling liquid in the second liquid storage tank 502 is directly injected into the battery pack through the B pump 12; the fire-fighting liquid outlet 19 is arranged at the bottom of the battery pack, and the cooling liquid flows back to the second liquid storage tank 502 again through the fire-fighting liquid outlet. And when the temperature of the battery pack exceeds a second set threshold value, the fire-fighting cooling liquid is circulated in the battery pack through the C pump. Let the fire control coolant liquid in the battery package and the coolant liquid circulation in the second liquid reserve tank get up through the B pump, so go out the heat fast dispersion conduction of thermal runaway battery, stop that the battery package takes place thermal expansion or the burning of catching a fire.
Optionally, the pump a and the pump B may share one pump instead, so as to achieve the purposes of saving space and reducing cost.
When the battery pack works, the BCU communicates with the BMS in real time through the CAN bus; the BCU uploads the detected parameters such as the voltage, the temperature, the current and the insulation resistance of the battery to the BMS, and the BMS generates a relevant operation instruction and sends the relevant operation instruction to the BCU after comparing and analyzing the uploaded data with preset values stored in the BMS; the BCU respectively controls the opening and closing of the relay, the cooling plate liquid inlet valve, the fire-fighting liquid inlet valve, the liquid outlet valve and the pump according to the received operation instructions; when the BCU detects that the temperature of the battery exceeds a first set threshold range, the BMS starts a cooling system of the cooling plate, generates a relevant operation instruction and sends the relevant operation instruction to the BCU; after receiving the instruction of the BMS, the BCU opens a liquid inlet valve of the cooling plate, closes a fire-fighting liquid inlet valve, and heats or cools the battery; when the temperature of the battery exceeds a second set threshold value, the BMS starts a fire-fighting liquid supply system, generates a related operation instruction and sends the related operation instruction to the BCU; after receiving the instruction of the BMS, the BCU disconnects the relay, closes the liquid inlet valve of the cooling plate, opens the liquid inlet valve of the fire fighting, starts the pump B, directly and quickly injects the fire fighting cooling liquid into the battery box, and the fire fighting cooling liquid is in direct contact with the battery to transfer heat so as to quickly cool or extinguish the battery; the fire-fighting cooling liquid returns to the liquid storage tank through the fire-fighting liquid outlet pipeline, is pressurized by the pump B and then flows into the fire-fighting liquid inlet pipeline again, and is started after the fire-fighting cooling liquid submerges the pump C to perform forced circulation cooling on the battery pack.
Claims (4)
1. A thermal runaway prevention battery pack comprises a battery box body, a battery module (1), a relay (2), a BMS and a liquid cooling system (9); the method is characterized in that: the BMS (4) comprises a BCU (3), a cooling plate temperature acquisition module (6), a battery temperature acquisition module (10) and a communication module (22); the liquid cooling system (9) comprises a fire-fighting liquid supply system and a cooling plate liquid supply system; the cooling plate liquid supply system comprises a first liquid storage tank (501), an A pump (11), a liquid cooling unit controller (21), a cooling plate liquid inlet pipeline, a cooling plate liquid outlet pipeline and a cooling plate liquid inlet valve; the fire-fighting liquid supply system comprises a second liquid storage tank (502), a pump B (12), a pump C (23), a fire-fighting liquid inlet pipeline, a fire-fighting liquid outlet pipeline and a fire-fighting liquid inlet valve; the first liquid storage tank (501) is connected with a liquid inlet (7) of a cooling plate of the battery pack through an A pump (11); the cooling plate liquid inlet (7) is communicated with a cooling plate liquid inlet pipeline in the battery pack, and a cooling plate liquid inlet valve (14) controlled to be opened and closed by a BMS is arranged on the cooling plate liquid inlet pipeline; the second liquid storage tank (502) is connected with a fire-fighting liquid inlet (8) of the battery pack through a pump B (12), and a fire-fighting liquid inlet valve (13) controlled to be opened and closed by a BMS (battery management system) is arranged on the fire-fighting liquid inlet pipeline; a fire-fighting liquid outlet (19) is formed in the bottom of the battery pack, and the fire-fighting liquid outlet (19) is connected to the second liquid storage tank (502); the bottom of the battery pack is provided with a C pump (23) which is controlled to be opened and closed by BMS (4) and BCU (3); the battery pack is internally provided with a BCU (battery controller unit), and the BCU is provided with a cooling plate temperature acquisition module (6) and a battery temperature acquisition module (10).
2. The thermal runaway prevention battery pack of claim 1, wherein: and a cold-heat exchanger (20) is arranged on the first liquid storage tank (501).
3. The thermal runaway prevention battery pack of claim 1, wherein: the second reservoir (502) is separately boxed.
4. The thermal runaway prevention battery pack according to claim 1, wherein: the fire-fighting liquid inlet (8) is arranged at the upper part of the battery pack and is connected to the second liquid storage tank (502) through a pump B (12); the fire-fighting liquid outlet (19) is arranged at the bottom of the battery pack and is connected to the second liquid storage box (502) through the fire-fighting liquid outlet pipe.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202220559701.9U CN216980684U (en) | 2022-03-15 | 2022-03-15 | Thermal runaway prevention battery pack |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202220559701.9U CN216980684U (en) | 2022-03-15 | 2022-03-15 | Thermal runaway prevention battery pack |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN216980684U true CN216980684U (en) | 2022-07-15 |
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| CN202220559701.9U Active CN216980684U (en) | 2022-03-15 | 2022-03-15 | Thermal runaway prevention battery pack |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117244198A (en) * | 2023-11-17 | 2023-12-19 | 上海聚信海聚新能源科技有限公司 | Energy storage battery cabinet fire-fighting system and energy storage battery cabinet fire-fighting fire-extinguishing method |
-
2022
- 2022-03-15 CN CN202220559701.9U patent/CN216980684U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117244198A (en) * | 2023-11-17 | 2023-12-19 | 上海聚信海聚新能源科技有限公司 | Energy storage battery cabinet fire-fighting system and energy storage battery cabinet fire-fighting fire-extinguishing method |
| CN117244198B (en) * | 2023-11-17 | 2024-03-15 | 上海聚信海聚新能源科技有限公司 | Energy storage battery cabinet fire-fighting system and energy storage battery cabinet fire-fighting fire-extinguishing method |
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Effective date of registration: 20240428 Address after: Room 611-466, R&D Center Building, China (Hefei) International Intelligent Voice Industry Park, No. 3333 Xiyou Road, High tech Zone, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230031 Patentee after: Anhui Zhoutai New Energy Technology Co.,Ltd. Country or region after: China Address before: Room 801-3, 8th Floor, HD Media Building, No. 28 South Tiancheng Road, High Speed Rail New City, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 215133 Patentee before: Suzhou Yichu Energy Technology Co.,Ltd. Country or region before: China |