CN216979122U - Omnibearing moving heat source type Z-axis micromechanical accelerometer - Google Patents
Omnibearing moving heat source type Z-axis micromechanical accelerometer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an omnibearing moving heat source type Z-axis micro mechanical accelerometer which comprises an upper sensitive layer, a lower sensitive layer, a substrate layer and a cover plate, wherein the upper sensitive layer is arranged on the substrate layer; an omnidirectional movable heat source swing heater is arranged at the center of the upper sensitive layer, and an intermediate heating cavity is arranged below the upper sensitive layer; the lower sensitive layer comprises two thermistors, and a rectangular middle detection cavity is arranged below the thermistors; the electrifying modes of the heater and the thermistor are constant current; the omnidirectional moving heat source pendulum heater is suspended at the central position of the upper sensitive layer through three semicircular supporting beams; the cover plate is etched with a groove and is hermetically connected with the surface of the upper sensitive layer. The sensor is made on a silicon chip by photoetching, corrosion and other processes, so that the performance of the sensor can be improved, and the mass production can be realized. The utility model can realize the measurement of Z-axis acceleration and has the characteristics of high sensitivity, high measurement speed, compact structure and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a technology for detecting acceleration attitude parameters of a motion carrier by utilizing the swing of an omnidirectional moving heat source pendulum under the action of linear acceleration, in particular to an omnidirectional moving heat source type Z-axis micro-mechanical accelerometer, and belongs to the field of inertial measurement.
Background
Due to the application requirements of the carrier attitude measurement in various fields of civil vehicles, railway construction, industrial production, bridge construction, seismic research, geodetic surveying, geological exploration, marine investigation, satellite communication, robot engineering and the like, in recent years, the organic combination between the sensor technology and the emerging scientific technology enables the attitude sensor to develop towards microminiature, comprehensive and intelligent. The Micro inertial sensor manufactured by using Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System (MEMS) technology has the advantages of mass production, low cost, small volume, low power consumption and the like, and is an ideal product of the future medium and low precision Micro inertial sensors. The accelerometer is a core inertial sensor for measuring and controlling the motion attitude of the carrier.
The most common of accelerometers is the pendulum acceleration sensor. The pendulum tilt sensor commonly used at present has three types, namely a liquid pendulum type sensor, a solid pendulum type sensor and a heat flow type sensor. The solid pendulum type tilt angle sensor has the advantages of complex structure, high cost, large motion amplitude of the solid pendulum and difficulty in bearing high overload or impact. The main problems of the liquid pendulum tilt angle sensor are that the number of structural components is large, the response time is long, and the performance changes greatly along with the temperature. The heat flow type accelerometer has the characteristics of small sensitive mass, simple structure, high overload bearing capacity, short response time, good temperature performance, low cost and the like, and can be applied to severe environments. At present, the requirement of the market on the capability of the micro accelerometer to adapt to the harsh environment is higher and higher, so that in the micro acceleration sensor, the micro mechanical system (MEMS) heat flow acceleration is unique in the MEMS sensor by the ultra-high impact resistance and ultra-low manufacturing cost, and is not comparable to other MEMS sensors.
The working principle of the micro-mechanical (MEMS) heat flow accelerometer is as follows: the resistance heater is arranged in the closed cavity, the parallel detection thermistors are symmetrically distributed around the resistance heater, the resistance heater is electrified and heated to form a heat source to emit heat flow to the periphery, and the temperature fields are symmetrically distributed, so that the influence on the thermistors is consistent. When the external wired acceleration is input, the flowing direction of hot air flow is the same as the acceleration direction, and the hot air flow changes towards the input acceleration direction, so that the temperature field of the air flow is asymmetrically distributed, the temperature changes of two adjacent detection thermistors in the same direction are opposite, and the two detection thermistors generate temperature difference. The acceleration can be detected by detecting the temperature difference through the Wheatstone bridge. Chinese patent: a micromechanical heat flow accelerometer in a miniature silicon bridge type thermal convection acceleration sensor (patent application number 02116842.3) utilizes a heater to generate heat flow, the heat flow moves under the action of the acceleration of an input line to generate an asymmetric temperature field, and the asymmetric distribution of the temperature field is detected by arranging symmetrical thermistors. Because the velocity of hot air flow is very small, the gradient of asymmetric temperature field caused by deflection of air flow is very small, so that the unbalanced voltage output by the Wheatstone bridge formed by the thermistor is small, and the sensitivity of the sensor is low. In the conventional solution, although the sensitivity can be improved by increasing the heater power, the sensitivity is not substantially changed or improved due to the limitation of power consumption, and the bottleneck of practical use is difficult to break through.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to provide an omnidirectional moving heat source type Z-axis micromechanical accelerometer to solve the technical problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an omnidirectional moving heat source type Z-axis micromechanical accelerometer, which comprises an upper sensitive layer, a lower sensitive layer, a substrate layer and a cover plate, wherein,
an omnidirectional dynamic heat source swing heater is arranged at the central position of the upper sensitive layer, two thermistors are arranged on the upper surface of the lower sensitive layer, and the upper sensitive layer and the lower sensitive layer are bonded together to form a sensitive layer;
defining the length and width directions of the accelerometer as X and Y directions respectively, and the height direction of the sensitive layer as Z direction; the placement direction of the thermistor is vertical to the X direction; the two thermistors are oppositely arranged and used for detecting the acceleration of the Z axis;
the heater is suspended at the central position of the upper sensitive layer through three semicircular spokes (also called support beams) which are uniformly arranged at equal intervals to form an omnidirectional movable heat source swinging heater; the two thermistors are symmetrically arranged on the lower sensitive layer along the Y direction and are respectively positioned on the left side and the right side of the heater;
the omnidirectional moving heat source swinging heater can swing along a Z axis vertical to the sensitive layer and also can swing along any azimuth angle in an XOY plane where the sensitive layer is located;
two ends of the heater are covered with symmetrical electrodes along the Y direction to form a movable resistance type heat source;
a rectangular middle detection cavity with the same depth as the middle heating cavity is arranged below the thermistor;
the electrifying modes of the heater and the thermistor are constant current;
the cover plate and the basal layer isolate the gas media of the intermediate heating cavity and the intermediate detection cavity from the outside to form a sealed working system; the height of the middle heating cavity and the middle detection cavity and the depth of the groove in the upper sealing layer are the total cavity height z, and z is more than or equal to 300 mu m and less than or equal to 1000 mu m.
As a further technical solution, the depth of the groove of the cover plate is 2/3 of the height of the cover plate.
As a further technical scheme, the height of the heater and the thermistor on the upper surface of the sensitive layer is 100nm to 1000 nm.
As a further technical scheme, the two thermistors have the same length and are 1/6-1/5 of the width of the whole sensitive layer.
As a further technical solution, the heater is composed of a metal layer composed of a chromium adhesion layer and a platinum layer.
A method for processing an omnidirectional dynamic heat source pendulum type Z-axis micromechanical accelerometer comprises the following specific process flows:
the method comprises the following steps: thermally oxidizing a 0.5 μm thick silicon dioxide film on an N-type (100) single crystal silicon wafer;
step two: photoetching and forming a thermistor structure pattern on the silicon dioxide film;
step three: sputtering a metal layer consisting of a chromium adhesion layer and a platinum layer on the photoresist and the silicon dioxide in sequence by a magnetron sputtering process;
step four: stripping off the metal layer outside the thermistor structure pattern by adopting an ultrasonic stripping process to form a thermistor structure;
step five: etching off a part of silicon dioxide by adopting photoetching and wet etching processes;
step six: a groove with the depth of 300 mu m is formed by corrosion processing by adopting a silicon etching process, so that the thermistor is suspended and fixed on the lower sensitive layer through the silicon dioxide film to finish the processing of the lower sensitive layer;
step seven: thermally oxidizing a 0.5 μm thick silicon dioxide film on another N-type (100) single crystal silicon wafer;
step eight: photoetching the silicon dioxide film to form an omnidirectional oscillator heater structure pattern;
step nine: sputtering a metal layer consisting of a chromium adhesion layer and a platinum layer on the photoresist and the silicon dioxide in sequence by a magnetron sputtering process;
step ten: stripping off the metal layer outside the structure pattern of the omnidirectional oscillator heater by adopting an ultrasonic stripping process to form an omnidirectional oscillator heater structure;
step eleven: etching off a part of silicon dioxide by adopting photoetching and wet etching processes;
step twelve: etching and etching through by adopting a silicon etching process to form an intermediate heating cavity, so that the omnibearing vibrator heater is suspended and fixed on the upper sensitive layer through the silicon dioxide film to complete the processing of the upper sensitive layer;
step thirteen: bonding the lower sensitive layer and the upper sensitive layer through a bonding process;
fourteen steps: and bonding the cover plate and the upper sensitive layer by a bonding process to enable the upper surface of the sensitive layer to be positioned in the closed cavity, thereby finishing the processing of the sensitive element.
By adopting the technical scheme, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
1. the dynamic heat source type Z-axis micro mechanical accelerometer inherits the advantages of an MEMS heat flow accelerometer, and is compact in structure, small in size, light in weight and easy to intelligentize and integrate.
2. The sensitive structure of the accelerometer is a middle omnidirectional dynamic heat source pendulum heater. The omnidirectional moving heat source pendulum is suspended in the center of the sensitive layer through three completely symmetrical semicircular supporting beams, and has the characteristics of flexible movement, large swing amplitude and large inertia force sensitivity obtained by small input acceleration. The omnibearing movable heat source pendulum has freedom degree (swing) of inertia force at any azimuth angle on the sensitive layer XOY plane except that the pendulum can swing up and down along the Z axis vertical to the sensitive layer plane. The sensitive structure can sense the input acceleration along the Z axis, so that the measurement of the Z axis acceleration is realized, the sensitivity is high, and the response speed is high.
3. The omnibearing movable heat source swing heater adopts a wind-fire wheel type sensitive structure, adopts a sensitive structure center support and has small structural stress.
4. The consistency is good, a microcomputer embedded system (single chip microcomputer) is convenient to introduce, temperature compensation and nonlinear degree compensation are carried out, and batch production can be realized.
5. Has compact structure, low cost, high reliability, excellent vibration and impact resistance
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of an accelerometer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional double-layer structure of a sensitive layer provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a cover plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a lower sensitive layer provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of an accelerometer according to an embodiment of the utility model;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the operation of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an output circuit provided by an embodiment of the utility model;
FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a manufacturing process of an omnidirectional dynamic heat source pendulum type Z-axis micro mechanical accelerometer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
icon: 1-substrate layer, 2-lower sensitive layer, 3-upper sensitive layer, 4-middle heating cavity, 5-omnidirectional movable heat source swinging heater, 6-electrode, 7-middle detection cavity, 8-thermistor, 9-thermistor, 10-cover plate and 11-rectangular groove.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The following detailed description of embodiments of the utility model refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
Referring to fig. 1-6, the present embodiment provides an all-directional heat source type Z-axis micro-mechanical accelerometer, which includes a substrate layer 1, a lower sensitive layer 2, an upper sensitive layer 3 and a cover plate 10, wherein,
an omnidirectional movable heat source swing heater 5 is arranged at the central position of the upper sensitive layer 3, two thermistors are arranged on the lower sensitive layer 2, and the upper sensitive layer and the lower sensitive layer are bonded together to form a sensitive layer;
defining the length and width directions of the rectangular accelerometer as an X direction and a Y direction respectively, and defining the height direction of the sensitive layer as a Z direction; the placement direction of the thermistor is vertical to the X direction and is parallel to the Y direction; the two thermistors are oppositely arranged and used for detecting the acceleration of the Z axis;
the omnidirectional movable heat source pendulum heater 5 is suspended at the central position of the upper sensitive layer 3 through three semicircular spokes (also called support beams) uniformly arranged at equal intervals, and a middle heating cavity 4 is arranged below the omnidirectional movable heat source pendulum heater;
the omnidirectional moving heat source pendulum heater 5 is arranged at the center of the upper sensitive layer 3 and is vertical to the Z axis; the thermistor 8 and the thermistor 9 are symmetrically arranged on the lower sensitive layer 2 and are respectively positioned on the left side and the right side of the omnidirectional movable heat source swing heater 5;
the omnidirectional moving heat source pendulum heater 5 can swing along a Z axis vertical to the sensitive layer and also can swing along any azimuth angle in an XOY plane where the sensitive layer is located;
the heater 5 and the thermistor are powered on in a constant current mode;
and a rectangular groove 11 is etched on the cover plate 10 and is hermetically connected with the upper sensitive layer 3.
The heater is covered with symmetrical electrodes 6 along the Y direction at both ends to form a movable resistance type heat source.
In this embodiment, as a further technical solution, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the omnidirectional dynamic heat source pendulum heater 5 is energized with a constant current, the resistance heater is energized to generate joule heat, and releases heat to the surrounding air to perform heat diffusion, so as to form heat flow around the resistance heater, and a temperature field generated by the heat flow is formed in two thermistors T with the same resistance valuez1(thermistor 8), Tz2(thermistors 9) are symmetrically distributed. When linear acceleration vertical to the direction of the sensitive layer is input in the Z-axis direction, the omnidirectional movable heat source pendulum moves along the same direction with the acceleration under the action of the acceleration. When the acceleration is input to the thermistors along the Z axis, the omnidirectional dynamic heat source is close to the two thermistors, and the resistance values of the two thermistors are increased. Voltage sum V across two thermistorszAnd (4) increasing. Similarly, when the acceleration is input along the thermistor opposite to the Z axis, the omnibearing movable heat source swing heater is far away from the two thermistors, the resistance values of the two thermistors are reduced, and the voltage sum V at the two ends of the two thermistorszAnd (4) reducing. Thus can pass through VzThe magnitude of the acceleration is detected by VzThe direction of the acceleration is detected by increasing and decreasing changes, so that the acceleration in the Z-axis direction is sensitive, namely, the Z-axis micro mechanical accelerometer of the omnidirectional dynamic heat source pendulum type is formed.
The cover plate 10 and the substrate layer 1 isolate the gas media of the intermediate heating cavity 4 and the intermediate detection cavity 7 from the outside to form a sealed working system; the height of the middle heating cavity 4 and the middle detection cavity 7 and the depth of the groove 11 in the upper sealing layer are the total cavity height z, and z is more than or equal to 300 mu m and less than or equal to 1000 mu m.
In this embodiment, as a further technical solution, the depth of the groove 11 is 2/3 of the height of the cover plate 10, so that the total cavity height is in the order of hundreds of micrometers.
In this embodiment, as a further technical solution, the heights of the heater and the thermistor on the upper surface of the sensitive layer are 100nm to 1000nm, and the total cavity height is hundreds of microns, so that the natural convection motion of the gas flow in the cavity can be effectively inhibited, and the influence on the performance of the sensor can be reduced.
In this embodiment, as a further technical solution, the length of the thermistor 8 is identical to that of the thermistor 9, and both are 1/6 to 1/5 of the width of the whole sensitive layer, so that the sensitivity of the sensor can be improved.
Referring to fig. 9, the specific process flow of the omnidirectional moving heat source type Z-axis micro mechanical accelerometer disclosed by the present invention is as follows:
a step (a): a0.5 μm thick silicon dioxide film was thermally oxidized on an N-type (100) single crystal silicon wafer.
Step (b): and photoetching the silicon dioxide film to form an omnidirectional oscillator heater and thermistor structure pattern.
Step (c): and sputtering a metal layer consisting of a chromium adhesion layer and a platinum layer on the photoresist and the silicon dioxide in sequence by using a magnetron sputtering process.
Step (d): and stripping off the metal layer except the omnibearing vibrator heater and the thermistor structure pattern by adopting an ultrasonic stripping process to form the omnibearing vibrator heater and thermistor structure.
A step (e): and etching off a part of silicon dioxide by adopting photoetching and wet etching processes.
Step (f): and a groove with the depth of 300 mu m is formed by corrosion processing by adopting a silicon etching process, so that the omnibearing vibrator heater and the thermistor are fixed on the sensitive layer in a suspended manner through the silicon dioxide film, and the processing of the sensitive layer is completed.
Step (g): a0.5 μm thick silicon dioxide film was thermally oxidized on another N-type (100) single crystal silicon wafer.
A step (h): and photoetching and forming an omnidirectional oscillator heater structure on the silicon dioxide film.
Step (i): and sputtering a metal layer consisting of a chromium adhesion layer and a platinum layer on the photoresist and the silicon dioxide in sequence by using a magnetron sputtering process.
Step (j): and stripping off the metal layer outside the structure pattern of the omnidirectional oscillator heater by adopting an ultrasonic stripping process to form the omnidirectional oscillator heater structure.
Step (k): and etching off a part of silicon dioxide by adopting photoetching and wet etching processes.
Step (l): and etching through a silicon etching process to form an intermediate heating cavity, so that the omnibearing vibrator heater is suspended and fixed on the upper sensitive layer through the silicon dioxide film, and the processing of the upper sensitive layer is completed.
Step (m): and bonding the lower sensitive layer and the upper sensitive layer through a bonding process.
And (n): and bonding the cover plate and the upper sensitive layer by a bonding process to enable the upper surface of the sensitive layer to be positioned in the closed cavity, thereby finishing the processing of the sensitive element.
In summary, the utility model breaks through the inherent mode of the previous research on the heat flow accelerometer, and provides the omnibearing moving heat source type Z-axis micromechanical accelerometer, so that a heater with a very high temperature gradient moves, the heater deflects under the action of the inertia force to form a large temperature gradient at the thermistor, and the output with high sensitivity is realized. The omnibearing movable heat source pendulum heater is suspended at the center of a sensitive layer through three completely symmetrical semicircular supporting beams, is flexible in movement and large in swing amplitude, can realize measurement of Z-axis acceleration, and is high in sensitivity and response speed. The wind-fire wheel type sensitive structure has high structural symmetry and small structural stress. The structure can realize that a relatively long elastic element and a relatively large mass block are manufactured in a small area, so that high inertia force sensitivity is obtained. The sensitive element is made on a silicon chip by the processes of photoetching, corrosion and the like, has good consistency, is convenient for introducing a microcomputer embedded system (singlechip) to carry out temperature compensation and nonlinear degree compensation, not only can improve the performance of the sensor, but also can realize batch production. The omnidirectional dynamic heat source pendulum type Z-axis micro mechanical accelerometer not only inherits the advantages of an MEMS heat flow accelerometer, but also has the characteristics of compact structure, small volume, light weight, easy intellectualization and integration and the like, and accords with the development direction of a sensor towards microminiature, synthesis and intelligence. Meanwhile, the structure and the processing technology are very simple, the cost is extremely low, the reliability is high, and the vibration and impact resistance is excellent.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the utility model has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An omnidirectional moving heat source type Z-axis micromechanical accelerometer is characterized by comprising an upper sensitive layer, a lower sensitive layer, a substrate layer and a cover plate, wherein,
an omnidirectional movable heat source swinging heater is arranged on the surface of the upper sensitive layer, and an intermediate heating cavity is arranged below the upper sensitive layer; the lower sensitive layer is provided with a pair of thermistors, and the lower part of the lower sensitive layer is provided with a middle detection cavity; the upper sensitive layer and the lower sensitive layer are bonded together to form a sensitive layer;
defining the length and width directions of the accelerometer as X and Y directions respectively, and the height direction of the sensitive layer as Z direction; the placement directions of the thermistors are all vertical to the X direction; the two thermistors are oppositely arranged and are used for detecting the acceleration of a Z axis;
the heater is suspended at the central position of the upper sensitive layer through three semicircular spokes uniformly arranged at equal intervals to form an omnidirectional moving heat source swinging heater; the two thermistors are positioned on the lower sensitive layer and symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the heater along the Y direction;
the omnidirectional moving heat source swinging heater can swing along a Z axis vertical to the sensitive layer and also can swing along any azimuth angle in an XOY plane where the sensitive layer is located;
two ends of the heater cover symmetrical electrodes along the Y direction to form a movable resistance type heat source;
a rectangular middle detection cavity with the same depth as the middle heating cavity is arranged below the thermistor;
the electrifying modes of the heater and the thermistor are constant current;
the cover plate and the substrate isolate the gas media of the intermediate heating cavity and the intermediate detection cavity from the outside to form a sealed working system; the height of the middle heating cavity and the middle detection cavity and the depth of the groove in the upper sealing layer are the total cavity height z, and z is more than or equal to 300 mu m and less than or equal to 1000 mu m.
2. The omni-directional heat source Z-axis micro-mechanical accelerometer according to claim 1, wherein the recess depth of the cover is 2/3 of the cover height.
3. The all-directional heat source Z-axis micromachined accelerometer of claim 1, wherein the heater and thermistor of the sensitive layer have a combined height of 100nm to 1000 nm.
4. The omni-directional, heat source, Z-axis micro-mechanical accelerometer according to claim 1, wherein the two thermistors are of uniform length, each 1/6 to 1/5 of the width of the entire lower sensitive layer.
5. The all-sided motion heat source Z-axis micromachined accelerometer of claim 1, wherein the heater comprises a metal layer comprising a chromium adhesion layer and a platinum layer.
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