CN216941941U - Double-screw extrusion dehydration type water hyacinth silage pretreatment equipment - Google Patents
Double-screw extrusion dehydration type water hyacinth silage pretreatment equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN216941941U CN216941941U CN202123196913.XU CN202123196913U CN216941941U CN 216941941 U CN216941941 U CN 216941941U CN 202123196913 U CN202123196913 U CN 202123196913U CN 216941941 U CN216941941 U CN 216941941U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
本实用新型公开一种双螺旋挤压脱水式水葫芦青贮预处理设备，包括带式传送装置、压缩递进装置、辊筒切割装置、双螺旋脱水装置、真空加料装置及螺带搅拌装置，带式传送装置包括电机和传送带，压缩递进装置包括上下部挤压固定辊，辊筒切割装置包括辊筒式切割刀，双螺旋脱水装置包括脱水箱体、变径变螺距螺旋脱水轴、滤网，真空加料装置包括加料管、混合仓和真空泵，螺带搅拌装置包括搅拌箱体、螺带搅拌轴。本装置将水葫芦经由传送带和挤压固定辊递进，利用辊筒切割刀切割成段，变径变螺距螺旋脱水轴脱水后，通过真空泵和螺旋搅拌轴混合后，到达出料口，改善了水葫芦适口性并解决了水葫芦混贮工作量大、脱水困难的问题，实现水葫芦规模化预处理过程。
The utility model discloses a double-screw extrusion dehydration type water hyacinth silage pretreatment equipment, which comprises a belt conveying device, a compression advancing device, a roller cutting device, a double-screw dehydrating device, a vacuum feeding device and a spiral belt stirring device. The type conveying device includes a motor and a conveyor belt, the compression advancing device includes upper and lower pressing fixed rollers, the roller cutting device includes a roller cutter, and the double-spiral dewatering device includes a dewatering box, a variable diameter variable pitch screw dewatering shaft, and a filter screen. , the vacuum feeding device includes a feeding pipe, a mixing bin and a vacuum pump, and the spiral-belt stirring device includes a stirring box and a spiral-belt stirring shaft. The device advances the water hyacinth through the conveyor belt and the extrusion fixed roller, and uses the roller cutter to cut it into sections. After dehydration by the variable diameter and variable pitch screw dewatering shaft, it is mixed by the vacuum pump and the screw stirring shaft before reaching the discharge port, which improves the performance of the water hyacinth. The water hyacinth is palatable and solves the problems of large workload and difficult dehydration of water hyacinth mixed storage, and realizes the large-scale pretreatment process of water hyacinth.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to pretreatment equipment before water hyacinth silage, in particular to double-helix extrusion dehydration type water hyacinth silage pretreatment equipment.
Background
The water hyacinth, also called eichhornia crassipes, belongs to an exotic invasive species, has extremely strong reproductive capacity, and is flooded to cause disasters in China due to lack of natural enemies. The mass propagation of the water hyacinth influences water surface channels and threatens the survival of aquatic organisms. At present, the water hyacinth is generally treated by fishing the water hyacinth ashore for composting. The water hyacinth has rich nutrient components and great potential of being prepared into silage, but the water content of the water hyacinth reaches more than 90 percent, and the reduction of the water content becomes a bottleneck restricting the water hyacinth to be the silage. The patent disclosed by Rongjian and Zhuxu can realize the dehydration of the water hyacinth, but the utilization and treatment of the water hyacinth cannot be solved. For many years, the coastal areas of southeast China and most of the inland water areas of south China are troubled by water hyacinth, and the daily production and life of people and the growth of aquatic organisms are seriously influenced. However, the main methods of current remediation are mechanical fishing, chemical or biological control. Mechanical salvage is to organize ships or carry out salvage manually. This method is directly effective, but fails to clean water hyacinth radically, and consumes a lot of manpower and material resources. The chemical control is to spray herbicide in the river course, and the whole plant of the water hyacinth generally dies 15 to 20 days after the herbicide is applied. The method can treat the water hyacinth in a short time, but the herbicide is also easy to poison aquatic organisms such as fish, shrimps and the like and damage the environment. Biological control currently consists mainly in releasing weevil adults (the natural enemies of water hyacinths, also belonging to exotic invasive species). Biological control ensures environmental safety, low cost and lasting effect, but has the defects of slow effect taking, and generally takes 35 years or more from releasing natural enemies to obtaining remarkable control effect. Therefore, scientific treatment of the water hyacinth is an important proposition to be solved urgently.
At present, feed resources in China comprise natural pasture and a large number of agricultural byproducts, mainly rice straws, but the digestibility and the protein content of the rice straws are low, so that the utilization of the rice straws is limited. At the same time, feed stocks of starch and protein origin are becoming more and more expensive. The serious shortage of the conventional feed becomes a main restriction factor for the development of the animal husbandry in China. The method is one of the main approaches for solving the problems by exploiting the potential of the existing feed resources and developing and utilizing unconventional feeds (such as sugarcane leaves, water hyacinth and the like) which do not compete with human beings according to local conditions, and is also one of the current feed development trends in the world.
The water hyacinth has great potential in preparing silage. The water hyacinth is rich in nutrient components, 1.2% of crude protein, 0.2% of crude fat, 1.1% of crude fiber, 2.3% of nitrogen-free extract and 1.3% of crude ash in fresh grass, and the protein produced by the water hyacinth is 6-10 times higher than that produced by soybean in unit area yield. The water hyacinth has a remarkable propagation speed, and under the allowable conditions, the number of new plants is increased in a geometric series at the average of 1 new plant tillered every 5 d. Calculated, 1 water hyacinth can reach 1.4 hundred million plants after one year of propagation and can be fully paved with 140hm2The fresh quality of the water surface can reach 28000 t. Therefore, the water hyacinth can be prepared into silage, so that the water hyacinth resource utilization is realized, and the problem of serious shortage of conventional feeds is solved.
In particular, the research on the water hyacinth prepared into silage has been carried out on a certain scale. Research shows that the addition of the dry powder of the water hyacinth in the daily ration of the broiler has no adverse effect on the indexes of feed intake, daily gain, feed utilization rate and slaughtering performance. The effect research of feeding the growing-finishing pigs with the cucurbits shows that the dry powder of the lake water hyacinth serving as the feed raw material of the growing-finishing pigs replaces part of other feed raw materials, and has no adverse effect on weight increment, blood, feed intake and slaughtering indexes. The Zhuangyifen and the like develop and utilize the water hyacinth to produce high-quality silage, and research and manufacture the single silage of the water hyacinth and the mixed silage of 5 water hyacinth corn straws. The results show that the quality of the mixed storage is better than that of the single storage. Therefore, the water hyacinth has great feasibility in preparing silage. However, in the aspect of large-scale production, the report of using the water hyacinth as the feed is not seen at present.
At present, the technical bottlenecks of water hyacinth resource utilization are mainly as follows: 1. the water hyacinth has poor palatability when being directly fed, and the mixed storage workload is large; 2. the water hyacinth has large water content and is difficult to dehydrate. The water hyacinth contains high crude fiber, is difficult to feed directly, needs to be mixed with various silage additives for storage, and the designed equipment with the functions of feeding, mixing and storing can also greatly improve the palatability of the water hyacinth and reduce the workload of the water hyacinth for storage. Meanwhile, the water hyacinth also contains higher water content which can reach more than 90 percent generally, and some water hyacinth even reaches 98 percent, is naturally stacked after fishing and is easy to deteriorate, needs to be dehydrated in time, has the characteristic of untimely treatment in manual treatment, and is necessary to realize the dehydration process of the water hyacinth by using the device.
In conclusion, a double-helix extrusion dehydration type water hyacinth silage pretreatment device is urgently needed to realize a large-scale silage pretreatment process of water hyacinth.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to break the bottleneck that water hyacinth has high water content and restricts the water hyacinth to become silage, and provides double-screw extrusion dehydration type water hyacinth pre-silage pretreatment equipment which can realize cutting and dehydration of the water hyacinth and has the characteristic of uniform mixing of other silage materials.
The specific technical scheme of the utility model is as follows:
the utility model relates to a double-screw extrusion dehydration-based water hyacinth silage pretreatment device, which comprises a belt type conveying mechanism device, a compression progressive device, a roller cutting mechanism device, a double-screw dehydration device, a vacuum feeding device and a screw belt stirring device; the lower part of the belt type conveying device is provided with a prime motor, and the prime motor is connected with the belt type conveying device through a transmission mechanism; the compression progressive device is provided with an upper extrusion roller and a lower extrusion roller, and the lower extrusion roller and the upper extrusion roller of the compression progressive device are in reverse meshing transmission through gears; a roller type cutting knife is arranged in the roller type cutting device, two steel plates are arranged on two sides of the roller type cutting knife respectively, one side of the roller type cutting knife is connected with a prime motor through a chain and a motor transmission mechanism, the other side of the roller type cutting knife is connected with a lower extrusion roller of the compression progressive device through a chain, a chute is arranged on the lower portion of the roller type cutting device, and a cutting discharge hole is formed in the tail end of the chute; the double-screw dehydration device is characterized in that a dehydration box body is arranged outside the double-screw dehydration device, two variable-diameter variable-pitch screw dehydration shafts are arranged inside the dehydration box body, a filter screen is arranged outside the two variable-diameter variable-pitch screw dehydration shafts, the rotating speed of one variable-diameter variable-pitch screw dehydration shaft is controlled through a speed reducer, the speed reducer is connected with a motor, a dehydration feed port and a feeding feed port are arranged above the dehydration box body, the dehydration feed port corresponds to a cutting port, the feeding feed port corresponds to a dehydration discharge port, and a water outlet groove is arranged below the dehydration box body; the vacuum feeding device is provided with a feeding pipe which is communicated with the mixing bin, the vacuum feeding device is provided with a vacuum pump, the vacuum pump is connected with a motor, the vacuum pump is communicated with the mixing bin through a vacuum pipe, and the lower end of the mixing bin corresponds to a feeding and feeding hole of the dewatering box body; the spiral shell area agitating unit outside is equipped with the agitator tank body, agitator tank body inside is equipped with the spiral shell area (mixing) shaft, the spiral shell area (mixing) shaft with link to each other the transmission through the motor, agitator tank body upper portion is equipped with the stirring feed inlet, and the lower part is equipped with the discharge gate.
According to a preferable technical scheme, the belt conveying device comprises a conveying belt, a prime motor is arranged on the lower portion of the conveying belt and connected with a driving chain wheel, the driving chain wheel is connected with a driven chain wheel through a chain in a transmission mode, and the driven chain wheel drives the conveying belt.
As a preferable technical scheme, the compression progressive device comprises two extrusion fixing rollers which are arranged up and down, and the lower extrusion fixing roller and the upper extrusion fixing roller of the compression progressive device are in meshing reverse rotation transmission through gears.
As the preferred technical scheme, the roller cutting device comprises a cutting box body, steel plates, a sliding groove and a roller type cutting knife, wherein the roller type cutting knife is arranged inside the roller cutting device, the two steel plates are respectively arranged on the two sides of the roller type cutting knife, the roller type cutting knife is of a cylindrical structure, a curling blade is arranged outside the roller type cutting knife, one side of the roller type cutting knife is connected with a prime motor through a chain and a motor transmission device, the other side of the roller type cutting knife is connected with a lower extrusion fixing roller of a compression progressive device through the chain transmission device, the sliding groove is arranged on the lower portion of the roller cutting device and is of an inwards concave structure, and a cutting material opening is formed in the tail end of the sliding groove.
As the optimized technical scheme, the double-spiral dehydration device comprises a dehydration box body, two reducing variable-pitch spiral dehydration shafts and a speed reducer, wherein the two reducing variable-pitch spiral dehydration shafts are arranged inside the dehydration box body, a filter screen is arranged outside the two reducing variable-pitch spiral dehydration shafts, the two reducing variable-pitch spiral dehydration shafts are placed in the same direction, the pitches of the two reducing variable-pitch spiral dehydration shafts are gradually increased and decreased from the radius close to one side of the roller cutting device, the rotating speed of the reducing variable-pitch spiral dehydration shafts is controlled by the speed reducer, the speed reducer is connected with a prime motor through motor transmission, the two reducing variable-pitch spiral dehydration shafts are in reverse meshing transmission, a dehydration feed port and a feeding feed port are arranged above the dehydration box body, the dehydration feed port corresponds to a cutting material port, and the feeding feed port corresponds to a dehydration discharge port, a water outlet groove is arranged below the dewatering box body.
According to the preferable technical scheme, the vacuum feeding device comprises a feeding pipe, a vacuum pipe, a mixing bin and a vacuum pump, the feeding pipe is communicated with the mixing bin, the vacuum pump is driven by a motor, the vacuum pump is communicated with the mixing bin through the vacuum pipe, and the lower end of the mixing bin is communicated with a feeding inlet of the dewatering box body.
According to the preferable technical scheme, the spiral ribbon stirring device comprises a spiral ribbon stirring shaft arranged in a stirring box body and the spiral ribbon stirring shaft, the spiral ribbon stirring shaft is arranged in the stirring box body and driven by a prime motor through a motor to transmit, a stirring feeding hole is formed in the upper portion of the stirring box body, and a discharging hole is formed in the lower portion of the stirring box body.
The utility model has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method has compact layout and strong operability, promotes the resource utilization of the water hyacinth, breaks the dilemma of insufficient conventional feed, mainly improves the palatability of the water hyacinth, solves the problems of large workload and difficult dehydration of the water hyacinth during mixed storage, and can realize the large-scale pretreatment process of the water hyacinth on the whole.
(2) The roller type cutting shaft of the roller type cutting device is provided with the curling blades, so that the cutting efficiency of the water hyacinth can be improved, and the water hyacinth is uniformly stressed; an inwards concave sliding groove is arranged below the roller type cutting device, and the cut water hyacinth can naturally slide down to a cutting material port along the inwards concave sliding way; one end of a roller type cutting shaft of the roller type cutting device is driven by a motor through a chain wheel, the other end of the roller type cutting shaft is driven by the chain wheel to compress a lower extrusion fixing roller of the progressive device, the lower extrusion fixing roller of the compression progressive device is driven by a gear to reversely engage with an upper extrusion fixing roller, and the transmission characteristics are fully utilized in the transmission process to realize the continuity of compression and cutting.
(3) According to the double-helix dehydration device, the two variable-diameter variable-pitch helix dehydration shafts are arranged in the same direction, the pitches of the two variable-diameter variable-pitch helix dehydration shafts are gradually reduced from one side close to the roller cutting device, the radius of the shafts is gradually increased, and the water hyacinth can be naturally transmitted to the spiral belt stirring device along with the change of the pitches.
(4) The lower end of the mixing bin of the vacuum feeding device is communicated with the feeding and feeding hole of the dewatering box body and corresponds to the dewatering and discharging hole of the dewatering box body, and silage additives can directly fall into the spiral belt stirring device, so that the waste of materials is reduced, and the layout of the vacuum feeding device is more compact; the speed reducer of the double-helix dehydration device is arranged below the roller cutting device, and the spiral belt stirring device is arranged below the double-helix dehydration device, so that the structure of the double-helix dehydration device is compact.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the utility model and, together with the description, serve to explain the utility model and not to limit the utility model. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the compression progressive addition device of the present invention in driving engagement with a roller cutting device;
FIG. 3 is another side schematic view of the compression progressive addition device of the present invention in driving engagement with the roller cutter;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a roller cutter of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of two variable diameter and variable pitch spiral dewatering shafts according to the present invention
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of the twin screw dewatering device of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the spiral stirring shaft structure of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-conveying belt, 2-compression progressive device, 21-upper extrusion fixed roller, 22-lower extrusion fixed roller, 3-roller cutting device, 31-roller type cutting knife, 32-cutting discharge port, 33-chute, 4-double helix dehydration device, 41-variable diameter variable pitch helix dehydration shaft, 42-feeding feed port, 43-dehydration discharge port, 44-filter screen, 45-dehydration feed port, 5-feeding pipe, 6-mixing bin, 7-vacuum tube, 8-vacuum pump, 9-helical ribbon stirring device, 91-helical ribbon stirring shaft, 10-discharge port and 11-speed reducer.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but the utility model can be implemented in many different ways, which are defined and covered by the claims.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, a double-screw extrusion dehydration type water hyacinth silage pretreatment device comprises a belt conveyor, a compression progressive device 2, a roller cutting device 3, a double-screw dehydration device 4, a vacuum feeding device and a screw belt stirring device 9 which are connected in sequence; wherein,
the belt conveying device comprises a conveying belt 1, a prime motor is arranged on the lower portion of the conveying belt 1 and connected with a driving chain wheel, the driving chain wheel is connected with a driven chain wheel through chain transmission, and the driven chain wheel drives the conveying belt 1.
The compression progressive device 2 is provided with an upper extrusion fixing roller and a lower extrusion fixing roller, and the lower extrusion fixing roller 22 and the upper extrusion fixing roller 21 are in reverse meshing transmission through gears.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, the roller cutting device 3 includes a cutting box, steel plates, a sliding groove 33 and a roller type cutting knife 31, the roller type cutting knife 31 is arranged inside the roller cutting device 3, the roller type cutting knife 31 is of a cylindrical structure, a curling blade is arranged outside the roller type cutting knife 31, two steel plates are arranged on two sides of the roller type cutting knife 31 respectively, one side of the roller type cutting knife 31 is connected with a motor through a chain, the other side of the roller type cutting knife is connected with a lower extrusion fixing roller 22 of the compression progressive device 2 through the chain, the sliding groove 33 is arranged on the lower portion of the roller cutting device 3, and the sliding groove 33 is of a concave structure and is provided with a cutting material port 32 at the tail end.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the double-spiral dewatering device 4 comprises a dewatering box body, two reducing variable-pitch spiral dewatering shafts 41 and a speed reducer 11, the dewatering box body is arranged outside the double-spiral dewatering device 4, the two reducing variable-pitch spiral dewatering shafts 41 are arranged inside the dewatering box body, the two reducing variable-pitch spiral dewatering shafts are arranged in the same direction, the pitches of the two reducing variable-pitch spiral dewatering shafts from the side close to the roller cutting device 3 are gradually reduced, the diameters of the two reducing variable-pitch spiral dewatering shafts are gradually increased, the two reducing variable-pitch spiral dewatering shafts 41 are in meshing transmission through gears, and the rotating directions of the two reducing variable-pitch spiral dewatering shafts are opposite; a filter screen 44 is arranged outside the two reducing and variable-pitch spiral dehydration shafts 41; one of the reducing variable-pitch spiral dewatering shafts 41 controls the rotating speed through a speed reducer 11, the speed reducer 11 is connected with a motor, a dewatering feed port 45 and a feeding feed port 42 are arranged above the dewatering box body, the dewatering feed port 45 corresponds to the cutting feed port 32, the feeding feed port 42 corresponds to the dewatering discharge port 43, and a water outlet groove is arranged below the dewatering box body; the filter screen 44 is partly coincident double-cylinder, and one end of the filter screen 44 is provided with an opening corresponding to the cutting material port 32, and the upper part and the lower part of the other end are provided with openings corresponding to the feeding material port 42.
The vacuum feeding device comprises a feeding pipe 5, a vacuum pipe 7, a mixing bin 6 and a vacuum pump 8, the vacuum feeding device is provided with the feeding pipe 5, the feeding pipe 5 is communicated with the mixing bin 6, the vacuum feeding device is provided with the vacuum pump 8, the vacuum pump 8 is connected with a motor, the vacuum pump 8 is communicated with the mixing bin 6 through the vacuum pipe 7, and the lower end of the mixing bin 6 corresponds to a feeding feed inlet 42 of the dewatering box body;
the spiral ribbon stirring device 9 comprises a stirring box body and a spiral ribbon stirring shaft 91, the stirring box body is arranged outside the spiral ribbon stirring device 9, the spiral ribbon stirring shaft 91 is arranged inside the stirring box body, as shown in fig. 7, the spiral ribbon stirring shaft 91 is driven by a motor, the upper part of the stirring box body is provided with a stirring feeding hole, and the lower part of the stirring box body is provided with a discharging hole 10.
The equipment is adopted to carry out dehydration type pretreatment on the water hyacinth silage, and the specific implementation steps are as follows.
The method comprises the following steps: the water hyacinth is placed in the dumping belt type conveying device, the water hyacinth is conveyed into the compression progressive device 2 along with the conveying belt 1, and the water hyacinth is compressed by the upper extrusion fixing roller 21 and the lower extrusion fixing roller 22 of the compression progressive device 2.
Step two: the water hyacinth is compressed by the compression progressive device 2 and then sent into the roller type cutting device 3, and enters into the cutting box body first, and is cut by the curling blade of the rotating roller type cutting knife 31.
Step three: the water hyacinth after cutting naturally slides to the double-helix dehydration device 4 along with the sliding chute 33, after the water hyacinth enters the double-helix dehydration device 4, the rotating speed of the variable-diameter variable-pitch helix dehydration shaft 41 is controlled by the motor through the transmission speed reducer 11, under the extrusion action of the two rotating variable-diameter variable-pitch helix dehydration shafts 41, the water hyacinth is extruded and dehydrated to a preset water content, and water is discharged through the guide of the water outlet groove after flowing out of the filter screen 44.
Step four: and C, cutting and dehydrating the water hyacinth in the step three, and simultaneously pumping the silage additive into the vacuum feeding device and uniformly mixing the silage additive with the dehydrated water hyacinth.
Step five: the mixed silage additives pass through the double-helix dehydration device 4 and directly fall into the spiral belt stirring device 9, and the water hyacinth and the silage additives are uniformly mixed under the stirring of the spiral belt stirring shaft 91, and then the discharge is carried out.
The above embodiments are provided to further explain the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in detail, it should be understood that the above embodiments are only examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202123196913.XU CN216941941U (en) | 2021-12-17 | 2021-12-17 | Double-screw extrusion dehydration type water hyacinth silage pretreatment equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202123196913.XU CN216941941U (en) | 2021-12-17 | 2021-12-17 | Double-screw extrusion dehydration type water hyacinth silage pretreatment equipment |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114161758A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-03-11 | 南昌大学 | Double-screw extrusion dehydration type water hyacinth silage pretreatment equipment |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114161758A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-03-11 | 南昌大学 | Double-screw extrusion dehydration type water hyacinth silage pretreatment equipment |
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