CN216933289U - Novel tissue cuts double-end and cuts - Google Patents
Novel tissue cuts double-end and cuts Download PDFInfo
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- CN216933289U CN216933289U CN202121300636.XU CN202121300636U CN216933289U CN 216933289 U CN216933289 U CN 216933289U CN 202121300636 U CN202121300636 U CN 202121300636U CN 216933289 U CN216933289 U CN 216933289U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a novel tissue truncation double-head shear, which comprises a first shear head and a second shear head; the first scissor head comprises a first upper knife back and a first upper blade arranged at the inner side of the first upper knife back, and a first lower knife back and a first lower blade arranged at the inner side of the first lower knife back; the second scissor head comprises a second upper knife back and a second upper knife blade arranged on the inner side of the second upper knife back, and a second lower knife back and a second lower knife blade arranged on the inner side of the second lower knife back; the first upper knife back and the second upper knife back are connected through a first connecting part; the first lower tool back and the second lower tool back are connected through a second connecting part; the first connecting part and the second connecting part can be connected in an opening and closing manner; the utility model can simultaneously solve the problems of separation, fixation and simultaneous shearing, ensures that the materials are obtained qualified, does not damage peripheral muscles/blood vessels/nerves and reduces the damage of target materials. Different types of tool bits can be replaced according to different target materials and use scenes, so that the purpose of material taking is achieved; simple structure and convenient use.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of medical instruments and experimental equipment, in particular to a novel tissue cutting double-head shear.
Background
In medical surgery, animal experiments and plant experiments, the material of a target material is often taken out, and a part of the taken tissue material (sampling tissue) can be used for subsequent analysis or experiments. The obtained materials can be used for material analysis, and the change is required to be explored while the influence on the subsequent survival of human bodies, animals and plants is ensured to be little or even no. Analysis of experimental target materials generally has certain volume and quality requirements on the materials, so that subsequent analysis data or research on the materials can be displayed more comprehensively and with higher reliability. The material drawing process comprises two processes of fixing and cutting the target material. Generally, living tissues of human bodies and animals can contract and move, so that the living tissues are difficult to fix, in the process of manufacturing tissue specimens, the material taking of living target materials is difficult and pain, and the guarantee of the quality of sampled tissues is the premise of the effectiveness of follow-up research.
In the process of drawing the target material, the tissue needs to be fixed first to draw the material. When fixing target materials, the methods of wire binding or clamping are generally adopted at present, but the methods often cause unrecoverable damage to living target tissues, so that local cells and tissues are violently ruptured, the damaged parts of the tissues can not be used for the next research, and therefore, a section of target materials (sampling tissues) which is longer than required needs to be intercepted. In the past practice, the section of sampled tissue material includes a damaged portion and a normally-harvested portion, the normally-harvested portion can be used for the study, and the damaged portion can only be discarded, so as not to affect the study result. Meanwhile, if the fixation fails, the tissue material is too short to achieve the purpose of material drawing, and only the material drawing part needs to be replaced. The method of taking materials has to enlarge the scope of taking materials, which leads to overlong material taking and body damage enlargement, and even serious postoperative complications or death of experimental animals and plants may be caused.
Deep tissues of part of human bodies or animals and plants, such as muscles, nerves and the like, are difficult to be stably fixed, the fixation failure often occurs, repeated fixation is needed, and the target material is greatly damaged by multiple times of fixation. Part of the material-drawing parts are unique parts, and if the fixation fails, the material-drawing parts cannot be replaced, which leads to the failure of the experiment or operation. In the prior art, after the target material is fixed, the material is obtained in the next step. Generally, medical scissors or blades are used for taking materials, but the existing scissors or blades are easy to scratch the parts of non-target materials to cause additional damage; and part of target materials are living tissues, have certain contractibility and mobility, have the risk of slipping even through fixing, and are not easy to intercept.
The greatest difficulty in obtaining materials from living organisms is the mobility of the tissues of the living organism, for example when the affected muscles of the living organism are separated, a muscle biopsy is usually used, and the muscles in the operation area and the muscles in the non-operation area need to be separated in the operation. The muscles in the surgical area are generally anchored with a wire and a blade is used to sever the muscle tissue, but at the instant of severing one end of the muscle, muscle contraction may occur and the anchored muscle will slip off the pull wire. The muscle contraction is very obvious, the cut-off end can be quickly hidden in the peripheral normal muscle tissue and can not be separated any more, so that an operator has to select another muscle bundle for separation and fixation, the operation of excising the muscle is repeated, and the success of drawing the second muscle can not be ensured. For the surgeon, extremely high skill and close coordination are required to simultaneously disconnect both ends of the target muscle within an extremely small operating range without causing the muscle to slip. For patients, two or more muscle bundles are injured, the operation time is obviously prolonged, and obvious sequelae can occur. How to fix the head and the tail at the two ends simultaneously and break the tissues simultaneously without causing obvious damage to the tissues, affecting the research on the tissue to be obtained and shortening the operation time becomes the problem to be solved urgently.
Although the tissue scissors for taking materials at present are various in types, two ends of the tissue cannot be separated while the tissue is fixed, the tips of some instruments such as a surgical blade are very likely to touch blood vessels, nerves, important internal organs and the like when the surgical blade is used for operating deep tissues of a human body or animals and plants, and additional injuries and bleeding are caused.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the utility model provides a novel tissue cutting double-head shear which is simple in structure and does not need to be fixed when tissue is cut.
The technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows:
a novel tissue cutting double-head scissors comprises a first scissors head and a second scissors head; the first scissor head comprises a first upper knife back and a first upper blade arranged at the inner side of the first upper knife back, and a first lower knife back and a first lower blade arranged at the inner side of the first lower knife back; the second scissor head comprises a second upper knife back and a second upper knife blade arranged on the inner side of the second upper knife back, and a second lower knife back and a second lower knife blade arranged on the inner side of the second lower knife back; the first upper knife back and the second upper knife back are connected through a first connecting part; the first lower tool back and the second lower tool back are connected through a second connecting part; the first connecting part and the second connecting part can be connected in an opening-closing manner.
Furthermore, the first upper knife back, the first lower knife back, the second upper knife back and the second lower knife back are all bent outwards to form an arc-shaped structure; the first upper blade, the first lower blade, the second upper blade and the second lower blade which correspond to the first upper blade back, the first lower blade back, the second upper blade back and the second lower blade back are correspondingly bent in the same direction to form an arc-shaped shearing line.
Furthermore, protection heads are arranged at one ends of the first upper knife back and the second upper knife back, which are far away from the first connecting part; the first lower knife back and the second lower knife back are provided with protective heads at ends far away from the second connecting part.
Furthermore, the first connecting part and the second connecting part are both of a plate-shaped structure, two sides of the first connecting part extend inwards to form two wing plates, and two sides of the second connecting part extend inwards to form two wing plates; the first connecting part is smaller than the second connecting part in size and can be buckled during shearing.
Further, the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion are elastically connected through the connecting portion.
Further, the first upper knife back and the second upper knife back are detachably connected or telescopically connected with the first connecting part; the first lower knife back and the second lower knife back are both detachably connected or telescopically connected with the second connecting part.
Further, the first upper knife back, the second upper knife back, the first connecting part, the second connecting part, the first lower knife back and the second lower knife back are integrally formed; the connecting part is of an arc-shaped structure and is made of elastic materials.
Further, the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion are made of elastic materials.
A novel method for calculating the distance between a first scissor head and a second scissor head of a tissue cutting double-head scissor comprises the following steps:
assuming a minimum value of n after ex vivo contraction of the tissueminMaximum tissue tolerance limit of nmaxThe maximum contraction amplitude of the tissue is s:
the target length after shrinkage is y, the actual length before shrinkage is x:
y＝x(1-s)
setting n as the actual tissue bearing limit valueN is in the range of nmin～nmax；
Namely:
according to the value of y, x can be calculated, and x is the distance between the heads of the first scissors and the second scissors.
The utility model has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the utility model can be used for tissue interception, can simultaneously solve the problems of separation, fixation and simultaneous shearing, ensures that the materials are obtained qualified, does not damage peripheral muscles/blood vessels/nerves, and reduces the damage of target materials;
(2) the back of the scissors in the scissors head is of an arc structure and can be used for fixing a target material, and after the upper and lower knife heads move in opposite directions and are contacted with each other, the target material is locked in a circle and cannot slip;
(3) the protection head is arranged at the back end of the middle knife of the scissor head, so that the tip end of the protection head is a blunt end and can be used for separating target materials and protecting peripheral muscles/blood vessels/nerves;
(4) the utility model can fix the material to be taken in the arc-shaped cutter head, and can ensure the width of the taken material; moreover, the fixation of a wire/a clamp/forceps is not needed, the sampling step is simplified, and the partial damage of the sampling tissue is avoided;
(5) the double-head scissors can cut two ends of the sampled tissue while ensuring the sampling length, so that the alternative cutting is avoided; meanwhile, due to the upper and lower occlusion structures, excessive cutting can be avoided, and peripheral muscles/blood vessels/nerves below the sampled tissue are guaranteed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows a sampling process of a conventional sampling method.
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the effect of the structure of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-1-first upper blade back, 1-2-first lower blade back, 2-1-second upper blade back, 2-2-second lower blade back, 3-1 first connecting part, 3-2-second connecting part, 4-connecting part, 5-1-first upper blade, 5-2-first lower blade, 6-1-second upper blade, and 6-2-second lower blade.
Detailed Description
The utility model is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a novel tissue-cutting double-headed scissors comprises a first scissors head and a second scissors head; the first scissor head comprises a first upper knife back 1-1 and a first upper knife blade 5-1 arranged at the inner side of the first scissor head, a first lower knife back 1-2 and a first lower knife blade 5-2 arranged at the inner side of the first scissor head; the second scissor head comprises a second upper knife back 2-1 and a second upper knife blade 6-1 arranged at the inner side of the second scissor head; a second lower blade back 2-2 and a second lower blade 6-2 arranged at the inner side thereof; the first upper knife back 1-1 and the second upper knife back 2-1 are connected through a first connecting part 3-1; the first lower knife back 1-2 and the second lower knife back 2-2 are connected through a second connecting part 3-2; the first connecting portion 3-1 and the second connecting portion 3-2 can be connected in an opening and closing manner (i.e. the first connecting portion 3-1 and the second connecting portion 3-2 can move towards and away from each other to cut a target material, and all connecting structures capable of achieving the purpose are available).
The first upper knife back 1-1, the first lower knife back 1-2, the second upper knife back 2-1 and the second lower knife back 2-2 are bent outwards to form an arc-shaped structure; the first upper blade 5-1, the first lower blade 5-2, the second upper blade 6-1 and the second lower blade 6-2 corresponding to the first upper blade back 1-1, the first lower blade back 1-2, the second upper blade back 2-1 and the second lower blade back 2-2 are correspondingly bent in the same direction to form an arc-shaped cutting line. One ends of the first upper knife back 1-1 and the second upper knife back 2-1, which are far away from the first connecting part 3-1, are provided with protective heads; the protection heads are arranged at the ends, far away from the second connecting part 3-2, of the first lower knife back 1-2 and the second lower knife back 2-2, and are of smooth structures, so that the tips of the protection heads are blunt heads to protect surrounding tissues from being damaged. Of course, the tip is not limited to the circular arc-shaped configuration described above, and the shape of the tip may be changed as desired depending on the target material, as long as the purpose of simultaneously cutting the material is achieved. When the muscle tissue is intercepted, the circular arc-shaped cutter head is needed to protect the surrounding tissue.
The first connecting part 3-1 and the second connecting part 3-2 are both of plate-shaped structures, two sides of the first connecting part 3-1 extend inwards to form two wing plates respectively, and two sides of the second connecting part extend inwards to form two wing plates respectively; the first connecting part 3-1 is smaller than the second connecting part 3-2 in size and can be buckled during shearing. The first connection portion 3-1 and the second connection portion 3-2 are elastically connected by a connection portion 4. The first connecting part 3-1 and the second connecting part 3-2 can be made of elastic materials, so that the resilience force of the first connecting part and the second connecting part is ensured. The whole knife body, namely the first connecting part 3-1, the second connecting part 3-2 and the connecting part 4, is similar to a tweezer-shaped structure. The connecting part can be made of springs, flexible steel, flexible plastics and the like as long as the connecting part has certain elasticity; connecting portion have elasticity make the double-end scissors exert certain power when using and can make two scissors heads fix the shearing target simultaneously, and first connecting portion and second connecting portion part are separated and can be let out the target after the power disappears.
Meanwhile, the connecting portion 4 may be configured in other shapes, such as a tail shape structure of a medical clip, a tail structure of a medical scissors, a tail structure of a medical forceps, and the like, as long as the first connecting portion 3-1 and the second connecting portion 3-2 can be opened and closed up and down, and the shape is not limited to the above shape. The specific shape is defined according to the specific application as long as the above-described function can be achieved.
The first upper knife back 1-1 and the second upper knife back 2-1 are detachably connected or telescopically connected with the first connecting part 2-1; the first lower knife back 2-1 and the second lower knife back 2-2 are both detachably connected or telescopically connected with the second connecting part 2-2. When the detachable connection is carried out, the main part can be recycled, and the tool bit can be replaced at will to switch to various use scenes.
The first upper knife back 1-1 and the second upper knife back 2-1 can be connected with the first connecting part 2-1 in other modes, and can be accommodated into the space inside the first connecting part 3-1; the first lower knife back 2-1 and the second lower knife back 2-2 are hinged with the second connecting part 2-2 and can be accommodated in the inner space of the second connecting part 3-2; a locking device is arranged on the outer side of the first connecting part 2-1, and the knife back is locked after being accommodated into the connecting part; the cutter head can be protected.
The first upper knife back 1-1, the second upper knife back 2-1, the first connecting part 3-1, the connecting part 4, the second connecting part 3-2, the first lower knife back 2-1 and the second lower knife back 2-2 are integrally formed; the connecting part 4 is of an arc-shaped structure and is made of elastic materials. The first connection portion 3-1 and the second connection portion 3-2 are made of an elastic material.
The method for calculating the distance between the first scissor head and the second scissor head of the double-head scissor is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
assuming a minimum value of n after ex vivo contraction of the tissueminMaximum tissue tolerance limit of nmaxThe maximum contraction amplitude of the tissue is s:
the target length after shrinkage is y, the actual length before shrinkage is x:
y＝x(1-s)
setting n as the actual tissue bearing limit value and n as the value rangemin～nmax；
Namely:
according to the value of y, x can be calculated, and x is the distance between the heads of the first scissors and the second scissors.
The following describes the calculation process of x by taking muscle tissue as an example.
Preload refers to the load a muscle experiences before contraction, and determines the length of the muscle before contraction, i.e., the initial length. In the overall situation, the muscles are generally at their optimal initial length to facilitate maximum contractile tension. Afterload refers to the load the muscle is subjected to after contraction. The muscle contraction rate is at its maximum at a theoretical 0 afterload, and the afterload is expressed as isotonic contraction.
The contraction mechanism of the striated muscle is explained by the muscle filament sliding theory, namely, the shortening and the lengthening of the muscle are caused by the mutual sliding of thick muscle filaments and thin muscle filaments in muscle nodes, and the lengths of the thick muscle filaments and the thin muscle filaments are not changed. The sarcomere is the basic unit of muscle contraction and relaxation.
The diameter of the thick muscle filaments is 1.6 mu m, the diameter of the thick muscle filaments is 16nm, the diameter of the thin muscle filaments is 1.0 mu m, the diameter of the thin muscle filaments is 6nm, and the interval between the muscle segments varies from 2 to 3.8 mu m. The muscle maintains the tension state when in human body, and after the muscle is separated from the body, the muscle is shortened because the resistance does not need to be overcome because of no tension.
When the human body lies comfortably, the muscle nodes keep the optimal length. When the sarcomere is 2-3.8 μm, n ismaxIs 3.8 μm, nminIs 2 μm.
The length of the muscle section corresponding to the optimal initial length is 2.0-2.2 μm. The sarcomere length was assumed to be 2.2 μm when the tissue was taken.
Therefore, when the human body is subjected to local muscle biopsy, the actually required length is calculated to be 1.1cm when the target length is 1cm, i.e. y is 1. In order to make the instrument convenient, 1 position behind the decimal point is taken, so the distance between the first scissors head and the second scissors head is taken to be 1.1cm in the actual processing.
FIG. 3 is a process of a current method for obtaining materials, which comprises sequentially incising skin, subcutaneous tissue and sarcolemma from outside to inside; the muscle membranes were then pulled apart, exposing the muscle tissue. One muscle is selected from one muscle as a target material, and muscles other than the target material are called peripheral muscles. The item of target material is then secured with a string/clamp/forceps (a process that may result in partial damage to the target material). The target material is cut alternately along the dotted line to obtain a sampled tissue. Then the tendon, the subcutaneous tissue and the skin are sutured in sequence, and the qualified sampling tissue is sent for inspection. The method is not easy to be qualified in material taking, and due to muscle contraction, the process is easy to cause the slippage of the sampled tissue, so that the sampled tissue is different in size and is not necessarily qualified in sampling. And when the blade cuts the sampled tissue, soft surrounding muscles are arranged below the blade, and the blade is easy to cut excessively to damage the surrounding muscles and/or blood vessels and/or nerves.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the effect of the present invention, which can simultaneously achieve separation, fixation and simultaneous cutting, ensure the qualified material selection, avoid the damage to peripheral muscles/blood vessels/nerves, and reduce the damage to target materials. The arc shape of the back of the scissors in the scissors head can fix a target material, so that the target material is locked in a circle and cannot slip; the size of the arc can ensure the width of the material to be taken, the fixation of the wire/forceps/tweezers is not needed, the sampling step is simplified, and the partial damage of the sampled tissue is avoided. One end of the knife back is provided with a protective head which can be used for separating target materials and protecting peripheral muscles/blood vessels/nerves. The utility model can ensure the length of the sampled material, simultaneously cut two ends of the sampled tissue, avoid alternate cutting, avoid excessive cutting by the upper and lower occlusion structures and protect the peripheral muscles/blood vessels/nerves below the sampled tissue.
When in use, the occluding action can be completed under slight pressure, and when not in use, the occluding action can be rebounded to the original opening state. Similar to a tweezer. The first upper blade and the first lower blade are matched with each other for use and have the same design as the upper blade and the lower blade of the common scissors. The second upper blade and the second lower blade are matched with each other for use and have the same design as the upper blade and the lower blade of the common scissors. The blade edge part of the blade adopts an oval edging design, and when the first upper blade and the first lower blade are completely overlapped, the blade edge part is meshed with the blade back; when the second upper blade and the second lower blade are completely superposed, the blade part is completely occluded along with the knife back, and the tissue is cut off. The two scissor heads exert force simultaneously to cut off the two ends of the target material simultaneously under the combined action, thereby achieving the purpose of obtaining a section of sampling tissue.
Claims (8)
1. A novel tissue truncation double-headed scissors is characterized by comprising a first scissors head and a second scissors head; the first scissor head comprises a first upper knife back (1-1) and a first upper blade (5-1) arranged at the inner side of the first scissor head, and a first lower knife back (1-2) and a first lower blade (5-2) arranged at the inner side of the first scissor head; the second scissor head comprises a second upper knife back (2-1) and a second upper blade (6-1) arranged at the inner side of the second upper knife back, and a second lower knife back (2-2) and a second lower blade (6-2) arranged at the inner side of the second lower knife back; the first upper knife back (1-1) and the second upper knife back (2-1) are connected through a first connecting part (3-1); the first lower knife back (1-2) and the second lower knife back (2-2) are connected through a second connecting part (3-2); the first connecting part (3-1) and the second connecting part (3-2) can be connected in an opening and closing manner.
2. The novel double-headed scissors for cutting off tissues as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first upper back (1-1), the first lower back (1-2), the second upper back (2-1) and the second lower back (2-2) are all bent outwards to form an arc-shaped structure; the first upper blade (5-1), the first lower blade (5-2), the second upper blade (6-1) and the second lower blade (6-2) which correspond to the first upper blade (1-1), the first lower blade (1-2), the second upper blade (2-1) and the second lower blade (2-2) are correspondingly bent in the same direction to form an arc-shaped shearing line.
3. The novel tissue-cutting double-headed scissors according to claim 1, wherein the first upper back (1-1) and the second upper back (2-1) are provided with a protective head at the ends far away from the first connecting part (3-1); and protective heads are arranged at one ends of the first lower knife back (1-2) and the second lower knife back (2-2) far away from the second connecting part (3-2).
4. The novel double-headed tissue-cutting scissors according to claim 1, wherein the first connecting part (3-1) and the second connecting part (3-2) are both plate-shaped structures, two sides of the first connecting part (3-1) extend inwards to form two wing plates, and two sides of the second connecting part extend inwards to form two wing plates; the first connecting part (3-1) is smaller than the second connecting part (3-2) in size and can be buckled during shearing.
5. The novel double-headed tissue-cutting scissors according to claim 1, wherein the first connecting part (3-1) and the second connecting part (3-2) are elastically connected by a connecting part (4).
6. The novel double-headed tissue-cutting scissors according to claim 4, wherein the first upper back (1-1) and the second upper back (2-1) are detachably connected or telescopically connected with the first connecting part (2-1); the first lower knife back (2-1) and the second lower knife back (2-2) are both detachably connected or telescopically connected with the second connecting part (2-2).
7. The novel tissue-cutting double-headed scissors according to claim 5, wherein the first upper knife back (1-1), the second upper knife back (2-1), the first connecting part (3-1), the connecting part (4), the second connecting part (3-2), the first lower knife back (2-1) and the second lower knife back (2-2) are integrally formed; the connecting part (4) is of an arc-shaped structure and is made of elastic materials.
8. The novel tissue-cutting double-headed scissors according to claim 6, wherein the first connecting part (3-1) and the second connecting part (3-2) are made of elastic material.
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| CN202121300636.XU CN216933289U (en) | 2021-06-11 | 2021-06-11 | Novel tissue cuts double-end and cuts |
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| CN202121300636.XU CN216933289U (en) | 2021-06-11 | 2021-06-11 | Novel tissue cuts double-end and cuts |
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