CN216922010U

CN216922010U - Turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial impact speed-increasing tool

Info

Publication number: CN216922010U
Application number: CN202121538276.7U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 祝效华; 石昌帅; 王澳
Original assignee: Southwest Petroleum University
Current assignee: Southwest Petroleum University
Priority date: 2021-07-07
Filing date: 2021-07-07
Publication date: 2022-07-08
Anticipated expiration: 2031-07-07

Abstract

The utility model relates to a turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial impact speed-increasing tool. Mainly by the pull rod, go up casing, cylindrical cam, short casing, gyro wheel, roller retainer, supporting seat, transmission shaft, well casing, down casing, turbine shaft, connect and constitute its characterized in that: the transmission shaft rotates along with the turbine shaft through a spline at the lower end, and then transmits torque to the pull rod and the cylindrical cam through a spline at the upper end; the roller retainer is connected with the supporting seat through a screw; the roller is arranged in the semicircular groove of the roller retainer; when the roller rolls along the upper working surface of the cam track, impact energy is stored, and when the roller falls from the lower working surface, the distance between the pull rod and the end surface of the transmission shaft is smaller than the height difference between the top end and the bottom end of the working surface of the cam track, so that axial impact can be generated at the contact position of the pull rod and the end surface of the transmission shaft. The utility model can effectively solve the problems of pressure supporting, sticking, low drilling efficiency, non-ideal vibration effect and the like in the conventional unconventional well drilling.

Description

Turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial impact speed-increasing tool

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial impact speed-increasing tool, belonging to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas exploitation drilling tools.

Background

At present, the conventional energy exploitation reaches more than 70%, the contradiction between energy supply and demand is continuously upgraded, unconventional energy such as shale gas, water-soluble gas, compact sandstone gas and the like gradually gets wide attention of people, the oil exploitation technology is developed along with the unconventional energy, and a plurality of novel drilling tools are researched and developed to enable complex and unconventional drilling to be possible. China is rich in unconventional energy sources, but has the characteristics of old geological age, large burial depth, high thermal evolution degree and complex structure and landform conditions. The problem of drilling acceleration is of course the focus in research in the relevant field. In most unconventional wells, due to the fact that the well body structure and the drillability of rocks are poor, friction between a drill string and the well wall is larger than that of the conventional well, the phenomena of supporting pressure and sticking of the drill can be caused, the requirement of rock breaking energy of a drill bit is increased, and the drilling efficiency is reduced. Aiming at the problems, the impact drilling speed-up tool is researched and developed and is used in drilling and production operation, the high-frequency impact load can accelerate rock breaking, reduce friction resistance, increase horizontal footage and improve drilling speed, the drilling period is shortened, and the drilling efficiency is improved. The current percussion drilling modes mainly comprise two types: axial shock and torsional shock, with the axial shock mode being most widely used.

The most common downhole power tools, the screw drill and the turbine drill, may be used to increase the torque at the drill bit to increase the drilling efficiency. Along with the deepening of well depth and the improvement of temperature, the screw rod structure gradually shows certain technical inadaptability because of serious abrasion and no high temperature resistance, but the turbine structure has the advantages of reliable work, high temperature resistance, small pressure drop and the like, can be applied to unconventional well body structures such as deep wells, ultra-deep wells, geothermal wells and the like, and is the development direction of a power structure of an impact drilling speed-increasing tool.

Based on the above, on the basis of the existing research, a turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial impact speed-increasing tool is provided, and a turbine which works stably and reliably generates power to drive a cam and a roller to rotate, so that repeated and stable axial impact is generated, and the drilling efficiency is increased.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to: in order to overcome the problems that in the existing unconventional well, due to the fact that the well body structure and the rock drillability are poor, the requirement of a drill bit for breaking rock energy is increased, the phenomena of pressure supporting and drill clamping can be caused, the rock carrying capacity of drilling fluid is low, and the vibration effect is not ideal, a turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial impact acceleration tool is designed.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the utility model for solving the problem is as follows: a turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial impact speed-increasing tool is composed of a pull rod, an O-shaped sealing ring A, a sliding sleeve, a sliding righting bearing A, an upper shell, a sleeve A, a cylindrical cam, an O-shaped sealing ring B, a short shell, a roller retainer, a screw, a supporting seat, a double-row deep groove ball bearing, a sliding righting bearing B, a transmission shaft, a sleeve B, O-shaped sealing ring C, a middle shell, a lower shell, a turbine shaft, a turbine stator pressing cap, a turbine rotor pressing cap and a joint, and is technically characterized in that the upper shell and the middle shell are connected to two ends of the short shell through tapered threads; the upper end of the lower shell is connected with the middle shell through threads, and the lower end of the lower shell is connected with the joint; the pull rod is connected with the cylindrical cam through threads; the transmission shaft rotates along with the turbine shaft through a spline at the lower end, and then transmits torque to the pull rod and the cylindrical cam through a spline at the upper end; the roller retainer is connected with the supporting seat through a screw; the roller is arranged in the semicircular groove of the roller retainer; an O-shaped sealing ring A is arranged on the upper parts of the pull rod and the upper shell, a sliding sleeve is arranged at the step at the lower end of the pull rod, and the pull rod can rotate and axially vibrate; the sliding centralizing bearing A is positioned between the sliding sleeve and the sleeve A, the outer ring of the upper end of the sliding centralizing bearing A is positioned by the sliding sleeve, and the inner ring of the lower end of the sliding centralizing bearing A is positioned by the sleeve A; the upper end surface of the cylindrical cam is in contact with the sleeve A, the lower end surface of the cylindrical cam is in rolling contact with the roller, a cam track is designed on the lower end surface, a lower end step is in contact with the bottom of the upper shell, and an O-shaped sealing ring B is arranged between the lower part of the cylindrical cam and the transmission shaft; the roller and the roller retainer are positioned between the short shell and the transmission shaft; the upper end surface of the supporting seat is positioned by a short shell, the lower end surface of the supporting seat is contacted with the outer ring of the double-row deep groove ball bearing and the middle shell, and the variable cross section is positioned by a transmission shaft step; the sliding centralizing bearing B is arranged below the double-row deep groove ball bearing, the step of the sliding centralizing bearing B is in contact with the middle shell to prevent the component from axially moving, and the inner ring of the lower end surface of the sliding centralizing bearing B is positioned by a sleeve B; the bottom of the middle shell is in contact with the upper part of the turbine shaft, and an O-shaped sealing ring A is arranged on the middle shell; an O-shaped sealing ring C is arranged at the joint of the upper part of the turbine shaft and the transmission shaft, and a turbine stator pressing cap is arranged at the lower end of the O-shaped sealing ring C; the turbine is arranged between the turbine shaft and the lower shell and is positioned by the turbine shaft, the upper step of the lower shell, the turbine stator pressing cap and the turbine rotor pressing cap; drilling fluid flows in from a conical opening of the pull rod, flows into an upper runner of the turbine shaft through a middle runner of the pull rod and the transmission shaft, flows into an inner cavity of the lower shell through an inclined hole formed in the upper runner of the turbine shaft, is driven to rotate through the turbine and finally flows out from the joint; the turbine shaft rotates along with the turbine and transmits torque to the transmission shaft through an upper spline of the turbine shaft; the pull rod and the cylindrical cam are rotated by the torque transmitted by the spline on the upper part of the transmission shaft; under the influence of bit pressure, the pull rod and the cylindrical cam move upwards to enable the roller to be in close contact with the cylindrical cam; the roller rolls along the cam track on the lower end face of the cylindrical cam under the constraint of the roller retainer, the roller stores impact energy when rolling along the upper working face of the cam track, and when the roller falls along the lower working face of the cam track, axial impact can be generated at the contact position of the inner end face of the pull rod and the upper end face of the transmission shaft due to the fact that the distance between the inner end face of the pull rod and the upper end face of the transmission shaft is smaller than the height difference between the top end of the upper working face of the cam track and the bottom end of the lower working face.

The turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial impact speed-increasing tool is characterized in that when the bit pressure is 0, the pull rod and the cylindrical cam relatively move downwards due to gravity, so that the roller is separated from the cam track, and when the downward movement distance is 8-19 mm, the axial impact structure is in a blank beating prevention state.

The turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial impact speed-increasing tool is characterized in that the turbine converts the energy of moving fluid into mechanical energy to sequentially drive a turbine shaft, a transmission shaft, a cylindrical cam and a pull rod to rotate.

The turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial impact speed-increasing tool is characterized in that the number of the rollers is two or three, and the number of the semicircular grooves corresponding to the roller retainer is two or three.

The turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial impact speed-increasing tool is characterized in that the number of the cam track working faces of the cylindrical cam is two or three, the rotating speed of the cylindrical cam is 150-200 r/min, and the vibration frequency is 5HZ to 10 HZ.

The turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial impact speed-increasing tool is characterized in that the distance between the inner end face of the pull rod and the upper end face of the transmission shaft is 5-10 mm, the height difference between the top end of the ascending working face of the cam track and the bottom end of the descending working face is 8-15 mm, and the distance between the inner end face of the pull rod and the upper end face of the transmission shaft is 3-5 mm smaller than the height difference between the top end of the ascending working face of the cam track and the bottom end of the descending working face.

The turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial impact speed increasing tool is characterized in that the step of the cylindrical cam is used for preventing the cylindrical cam and a pull rod connected with the cylindrical cam through threads from falling off; and a sealing ring groove is arranged on the cylindrical cam and used for sealing the pull rod and the transmission shaft.

The turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial impact speed-increasing tool is characterized in that the lower end face of the roller retainer is provided with three threaded holes for connecting with a supporting seat through screws; the upper end face of the supporting seat is positioned by a short shell, so that the rolling wheels and the rolling wheel retainer can be prevented from falling off, and the variable cross section of the supporting seat is in contact with the step of the transmission shaft and is used for preventing the transmission shaft from falling down or moving.

The turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial impact speed-increasing tool is characterized in that a sealing ring groove is formed in the upper portion of a turbine shaft and used for sealing a transmission shaft and the turbine shaft.

The turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial impact speed-increasing tool is characterized in that a turbine stator of a turbine is tightly pressed and fixed in a lower shell through a turbine stator pressing cap, and the turbine stator pressing cap is axially positioned through a lower shell step; and a turbine rotor of the turbine is tightly pressed and fixed on the turbine shaft through a turbine rotor pressing cap, and the turbine rotor pressing cap is connected with the turbine shaft through threads.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that: (1) the main structure of the utility model is composed of pure metal parts, compared with screw power drive, the utility model has no original element of the rubber bushing sensitive to high temperature, and has the performances of high temperature resistance and wear resistance; (2) the turbine is adopted for driving, so that the turbine-driven drilling tool has the advantages of reliable work, small pressure drop, high temperature resistance and the like, has no radial vibration caused by eccentricity, can improve the stability and the service life of the drilling tool, and has better adaptability in unconventional wells; (3) the utility model adopts the cylindrical cam and the roller to generate axial impact, has simple structure and good generated impact effect, and has easily controlled impact amplitude and frequency; (4) the utility model has simple structure, no electronic component, convenient operation, safety, reliability, strong adaptability and small influence on the lower drilling tool.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

1-pull rod, 2-O-shaped sealing ring A, 3-sliding sleeve, 4-sliding righting bearing A, 5-upper shell, 6-sleeve A, 7-cylindrical cam, 8-O-shaped sealing ring B, 9-short shell, 10-roller, 11-roller retainer, 12-screw, 13-supporting seat, 14-double-row deep groove ball bearing, 15-sliding righting bearing B, 16-transmission shaft, 17-sleeve B, 18-O-shaped sealing ring C, 19-middle shell, 20-lower shell, 21-turbine, 22-turbine shaft, 23-turbine stator pressing cap, 24-turbine rotor pressing cap and 25-joint

FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a cylindrical cam of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a roller cage of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic view of the assembly of the cylindrical cam, roller and roller cage of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The specific embodiments of the present invention described herein are for the purpose of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the utility model in any way. In the light of the teaching of the present invention, the skilled person can conceive of any possible variant based on the utility model, which shall be considered to fall within the scope of the utility model. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may include, for example, mechanical or electrical connections, communications between two elements, direct connections, indirect connections through intermediaries, and the like. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "up," "down," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not denote a unique embodiment.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

According to the attached drawings, the turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial impact speed-increasing tool mainly comprises a pull rod 1, an O-shaped sealing ring A2, a sliding sleeve 3, a sliding centralizing bearing A4, an upper shell 5, a sleeve A6, a cylindrical cam 7, an O-shaped sealing ring B8, a short shell 9, a roller 10, a roller retainer 11, a screw 12, a supporting seat 13, a double-row deep groove ball bearing 14, a sliding centralizing bearing B15, a transmission shaft 16, a sleeve B17, an O-shaped sealing ring C18, a middle shell 19, a lower shell 20, a turbine 21, a turbine shaft 22, a turbine stator pressing cap 23, a turbine rotor pressing cap 24 and a joint 25, and is technically characterized in that the upper shell 5 and the middle shell 19 are connected to two ends of the short shell 9 through tapered threads; the lower shell 20 is connected to the middle shell 19 through the upper end of the screw thread, and the lower end is connected to the joint 25; the pull rod 1 is connected with the cylindrical cam 7 through threads; the transmission shaft 16 rotates along with the turbine shaft 22 through a lower end spline and transmits torque to the pull rod 1 and the cylindrical cam 7 through an upper end spline; the roller retainer 11 is connected with the supporting seat 13 through screws; the roller 10 is arranged in a semicircular groove of the roller retainer 11; an O-shaped sealing ring A2 is arranged on the upper parts of the pull rod 1 and the upper shell 5, a sliding sleeve 3 is arranged at the step of the lower end of the pull rod 1, and the pull rod 1 can rotate and axially vibrate; the sliding centralizing bearing A4 is positioned between the sliding sleeve 3 and the sleeve A6, the outer ring of the upper end of the sliding centralizing bearing A is positioned by the sliding sleeve 3, and the inner ring of the lower end of the sliding centralizing bearing A is positioned by the sleeve A6; the upper end face of the cylindrical cam 7 is in contact with the sleeve A6, the lower end face of the cylindrical cam is in rolling contact with the roller 10, the lower end face of the cylindrical cam is provided with a cam track, the lower end step of the cylindrical cam is in contact with the bottom of the upper shell 5, and an O-shaped sealing ring B8 is arranged between the lower part of the cylindrical cam 7 and the transmission shaft 16; the roller 10 and the roller holder 11 are positioned between the short shell 9 and the transmission shaft 16; the upper end surface of the supporting seat 13 is positioned by the short shell 9, the lower end surface is contacted with the outer ring of the double-row deep groove ball bearing 14 and the middle shell 19, and the variable cross section is positioned by the step of the transmission shaft 16; the sliding centralizing bearing B15 is arranged below the double-row deep groove ball bearing 14, the step part of the sliding centralizing bearing B15 is contacted with the middle shell 19 to prevent the component from axially moving, and the inner ring of the lower end surface of the sliding centralizing bearing B17 is positioned by a sleeve B17; the bottom of the middle shell 19 is contacted with the upper part of the turbine shaft 22, and an O-shaped sealing ring A2 is arranged on the middle shell; an O-shaped sealing ring C18 is arranged at the joint of the upper part of the turbine shaft 22 and the transmission shaft 16, and a turbine stator pressing cap 23 is arranged at the lower end of the O-shaped sealing ring C18; the turbine 21 is arranged between the turbine shaft 22 and the lower shell 20 and is positioned by the turbine shaft 22, the upper step of the lower shell 20, the turbine stator pressing cap 23 and the turbine rotor pressing cap 24; the drilling fluid flows in from the conical opening of the pull rod 1, flows into an upper runner of a turbine shaft 22 through a middle runner of the pull rod 1 and a transmission shaft 16, flows into an inner cavity of a lower shell 20 through an inclined hole formed in the upper runner of the turbine shaft 22, is driven to rotate through a turbine 21 and finally flows out from a joint 25; the turbine shaft 22 rotates together with the turbine 21, transmitting torque to the propeller shaft 16 through its upper spline; the pull rod 1 and the cylindrical cam 7 are rotated by the torque transmitted by the upper spline of the transmission shaft 16; under the influence of the bit pressure, the pull rod 1 and the cylindrical cam 7 move upwards to enable the roller 10 to be in close contact with the cylindrical cam 7; the roller 10 rolls along the cam track on the lower end face of the cylindrical cam 7 under the constraint of the roller retainer 11, the roller 10 stores impact energy when rolling along the ascending working face of the cam track, and when the roller 10 falls along the descending working face of the cam track, axial impact can be generated at the contact position of the inner end face of the pull rod 1 and the upper end face of the transmission shaft 16 because the distance between the inner end face of the pull rod 1 and the upper end face of the transmission shaft 16 is smaller than the height difference between the top end of the ascending working face of the cam track and the bottom end of the descending working face.

The turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial impact speed-increasing tool is characterized in that when the bit pressure is 0, the pull rod 1 and the cylindrical cam 7 move downwards relatively due to gravity, the roller 10 is separated from the cam track, and when the downward movement distance is 8-19 mm, the axial impact structure is in a idle-run-prevention state.

The turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial impact speed-increasing tool is characterized in that the turbine 21 converts the energy of moving fluid into mechanical energy to drive the turbine shaft 22, the transmission shaft 16, the cylindrical cam 7 and the pull rod 1 to rotate in sequence.

The turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial impact speed increasing tool is characterized in that the number of the rollers 10 is two or three, and the number of the semicircular grooves corresponding to the roller retainer 11 is two or three.

The turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial impact speed-increasing tool is characterized in that the number of the cam track working faces of the cylindrical cam 7 is two or three, the rotating speed of the cylindrical cam 7 is 150-200 r/min, and the vibration frequency is 5HZ to 10 HZ.

The turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial impact speed-increasing tool is characterized in that the distance between the inner end face of the pull rod 1 and the upper end face of the transmission shaft 16 is 5-10 mm, the height difference between the top end of the ascending working face of the cam track and the bottom end of the descending working face is 8-15 mm, and the distance between the inner end face of the pull rod 1 and the upper end face of the transmission shaft 16 is 3-5 mm smaller than the height difference between the top end of the ascending working face of the cam track and the bottom end of the descending working face.

The turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial impact speed-increasing tool is characterized in that the steps of the cylindrical cam 7 are used for preventing the cylindrical cam 7 and the pull rod 1 connected with the cylindrical cam by threads from falling off; and a sealing ring groove is arranged on the cylindrical cam 7 and used for sealing the pull rod 1 and the transmission shaft 16.

The turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial impact speed increasing tool is characterized in that the lower end face of the roller retainer 11 is provided with three threaded holes for connecting with a support base 13 through screws 12; the upper end face of the supporting seat 13 is positioned by the short shell 9, the roller 10 and the roller retainer 11 can be prevented from falling off, and the variable cross section of the supporting seat 13 is in step contact with the transmission shaft 16 and is used for preventing the transmission shaft 16 from falling down or moving.

The turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial impact speed-increasing tool is characterized in that a sealing ring groove is formed in the upper portion of a turbine shaft 22 and used for sealing a transmission shaft 16 and the turbine shaft 22.

The turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial impact speed increasing tool is characterized in that a turbine stator of a turbine 21 is tightly pressed and fixed in a lower shell 20 through a turbine stator pressing cap 23, and the turbine stator pressing cap 23 is axially positioned through a step of the lower shell 20; the turbine rotor of the turbine 21 is pressed and fixed on the turbine shaft 22 through a turbine rotor pressing cap 24, and the turbine rotor pressing cap 24 is connected with the turbine shaft 22 through threads.

The turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial impact speed-increasing tool has the following specific working process:

drilling fluid flows in from a conical opening of the pull rod 1, flows into an upper runner of a turbine shaft 22 through a middle runner of the pull rod 1 and a transmission shaft 16, flows into an inner cavity of the lower shell 20 through an inclined hole formed in the upper runner of the turbine shaft 22, and is driven to rotate when passing through a turbine 21, the turbine shaft 22 rotates along with the turbine 21, and torque is transmitted to the transmission shaft 16 through an upper spline of the turbine shaft 22; the pull rod 1 and the cylindrical cam 7 are rotated by the torque transmitted by the upper spline of the transmission shaft 16; under the influence of the bit pressure, the pull rod 1 moves upwards, the sliding sleeve 3, the sliding centralizing bearing A4 and the sleeve A6 are pushed successively by the threads connected with the cylindrical cam 7 through the pull rod 1 and the lower end steps to enable the cylindrical cam 7 to move upwards, and the roller 10 is in close contact with the cylindrical cam 7; the roller 10 rolls along the cam track on the lower end face of the cylindrical cam 7 under the constraint of the roller retainer 11, the impact energy is stored when the roller 10 rolls along the ascending working face of the cam track, and when the roller 10 falls along the descending working face of the cam track, the contact part of the inner end face of the pull rod 1 and the upper end face of the transmission shaft 16 can generate axial impact as the distance between the inner end face of the pull rod 1 and the upper end face of the transmission shaft 16 is smaller than the height difference between the top end of the ascending working face of the cam track and the bottom end of the descending working face; this is repeated to produce a periodic axial shock in the drill string.

Claims

1. A turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial impact speed-increasing tool comprises a pull rod (1), an O-shaped sealing ring A (2), a sliding sleeve (3), a sliding centralizing bearing A (4), an upper shell (5), a sleeve A (6), a cylindrical cam (7), an O-shaped sealing ring B (8), a short shell (9), a roller (10), a roller retainer (11), a screw (12), a supporting seat (13), a double-row deep groove ball bearing (14), a sliding centralizing bearing B (15), a transmission shaft (16), a sleeve B (17), an O-shaped sealing ring C (18), a middle shell (19), a lower shell (20), a turbine (21), a turbine shaft (22), a turbine stator pressing cap (23), a turbine rotor pressing cap (24) and a joint (25), the technical characteristics are that the upper shell (5) and the middle shell (19) are connected with the two ends of the short shell (9) through tapered threads; the upper end of the lower shell (20) is connected with the middle shell (19) through threads, and the lower end of the lower shell is connected with a joint (25); the pull rod (1) is connected with the cylindrical cam (7) through threads; the transmission shaft (16) rotates along with the turbine shaft (22) through a lower end spline and transmits torque to the pull rod (1) and the cylindrical cam (7) through an upper end spline; the roller retainer (11) is connected with the supporting seat (13) through a screw; the roller (10) is arranged in the semicircular groove of the roller retainer (11); an O-shaped sealing ring A (2) is arranged on the upper parts of the pull rod (1) and the upper shell (5), a sliding sleeve (3) is arranged at the step position of the lower end of the pull rod (1), and the pull rod (1) can rotate and axially vibrate; the sliding centralizing bearing A (4) is positioned between the sliding sleeve (3) and the sleeve A (6), the outer ring of the upper end of the sliding centralizing bearing A is positioned by the sliding sleeve (3), and the inner ring of the lower end of the sliding centralizing bearing A is positioned by the sleeve A (6); the upper end face of the cylindrical cam (7) is in contact with the sleeve A (6), the lower end face of the cylindrical cam is in rolling contact with the roller (10), a cam track is designed on the lower end face of the cylindrical cam, a lower end step of the cylindrical cam is in contact with the bottom of the upper shell (5), and an O-shaped sealing ring B (8) is arranged between the lower part of the cylindrical cam (7) and the transmission shaft (16); the roller (10) and the roller retainer (11) are positioned between the short shell (9) and the transmission shaft (16); the upper end surface of the supporting seat (13) is positioned by a short shell (9), the lower end surface of the supporting seat is contacted with the outer ring of the double-row deep groove ball bearing (14) and a middle shell (19), and the variable cross section is positioned by a step of a transmission shaft (16); the sliding centralizing bearing B (15) is arranged below the double-row deep groove ball bearing (14), the step part of the sliding centralizing bearing B is contacted with the middle shell (19) to prevent the component from axially moving, and the inner ring of the lower end surface of the sliding centralizing bearing B is positioned by a sleeve B (17); the bottom of the middle shell (19) is contacted with the upper part of the turbine shaft (22), and an O-shaped sealing ring A (2) is arranged on the middle shell; an O-shaped sealing ring C (18) is arranged at the joint of the upper part of the turbine shaft (22) and the transmission shaft (16), and a turbine stator pressing cap (23) is arranged at the lower end of the O-shaped sealing ring C; the turbine (21) is arranged between the turbine shaft (22) and the lower shell (20) and is positioned by the turbine shaft (22), the upper step of the lower shell (20), the turbine stator pressing cap (23) and the turbine rotor pressing cap (24); drilling fluid flows in from a conical opening of the pull rod (1), flows into an upper runner of a turbine shaft (22) through a middle runner of the pull rod (1) and a transmission shaft (16), flows into an inner cavity of the lower shell (20) through an inclined hole formed in the upper runner of the turbine shaft (22), is driven to rotate through a turbine (21), and finally flows out from a joint (25); the turbine shaft (22) rotates together with the turbine (21) and transmits torque to the transmission shaft (16) through an upper spline thereof; the pull rod (1) and the cylindrical cam (7) are rotated by torque transmitted by a spline on the upper part of the transmission shaft (16); under the influence of the bit pressure, the pull rod (1) and the cylindrical cam (7) move upwards to enable the roller (10) to be in close contact with the cylindrical cam (7); the roller (10) rolls along the cam track on the lower end face of the cylindrical cam (7) under the constraint of the roller retainer (11), the roller (10) stores impact energy when rolling along the ascending working face of the cam track, and when the roller (10) falls along the descending working face of the cam track, axial impact can be generated at the contact position of the inner end face of the pull rod (1) and the upper end face of the transmission shaft (16) because the distance between the inner end face of the pull rod (1) and the upper end face of the transmission shaft (16) is smaller than the height difference between the top end of the ascending working face of the cam track and the bottom end of the descending working face.

2. The turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial percussion speed-increasing tool according to claim 1, wherein: when the drilling pressure is 0, the pull rod (1) and the cylindrical cam (7) relatively move downwards due to gravity, so that the roller (10) is separated from the cam track, and when the downward movement distance is 8-19 mm, the axial impact structure is in a idle-run prevention state.

3. The turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial percussion speed-increasing tool according to claim 1, wherein: the turbine (21) converts the energy of the moving fluid into mechanical energy, and drives the turbine shaft (22), the transmission shaft (16), the cylindrical cam (7) and the pull rod (1) to rotate in sequence.

4. The turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial percussion speed-increasing tool according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the rollers (10) is two or three, and the number of the semicircular grooves corresponding to the roller retainer (11) is two or three.

5. The turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial percussion speed-increasing tool according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the cam track working surfaces of the cylindrical cam (7) is two or three, the rotating speed of the cylindrical cam (7) is 150-200 r/min, and the vibration frequency is 5HZ to 10 HZ.

6. The turbine-driven near-bit high-frequency axial percussion speed-increasing tool according to claim 1, wherein: the distance between the inner end face of the pull rod (1) and the upper end face of the transmission shaft (16) is 5-10 mm, the height difference between the top end of the ascending working face of the cam track and the bottom end of the descending working face is 8-15 mm, and the distance between the inner end face of the pull rod (1) and the upper end face of the transmission shaft (16) is 3-5 mm smaller than the height difference between the top end of the ascending working face of the cam track and the bottom end of the descending working face.