CN216904692U - Zero drift-free active rectifier - Google Patents
Zero drift-free active rectifier Download PDFInfo
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- CN216904692U CN216904692U CN202123331070.XU CN202123331070U CN216904692U CN 216904692 U CN216904692 U CN 216904692U CN 202123331070 U CN202123331070 U CN 202123331070U CN 216904692 U CN216904692 U CN 216904692U
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
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- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an active rectifier without zero drift, wherein an input signal IN is connected with a pin 2 of an operational amplifier IC1 through a resistor R1 and a capacitor C1, an output 1 is connected with an output end 2 through a diode D1 and a diode D2 IN sequence to form an output circuit, a pin 6 of an output end of the operational amplifier IC1 is connected with the left end of the capacitor C2, the right end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the anode of the diode D1, meanwhile, the right end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the cathode of the diode D2, the resistor R2 forms a negative half-cycle feedback circuit, the resistor R3 forms a positive half-cycle feedback circuit of the active rectifier, the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the left end of the capacitor C1 through the resistor R2, the anode of the diode D2 is connected with the left end of the capacitor C1 through the resistor R3, the resistor R5, the potentiometer P1 and the resistor R6 form a symmetry setting circuit of positive and negative adjustable signals of the output end of the active rectifier, the sliding end of the P1 is connected with the ground, the output end 1 outputs negative half-cycle signals, and the output end 2 outputs positive half-cycle signals.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a technology of active rectifier design, in particular to an active rectifier without zero drift.
Background
When the input voltage of the amplifying circuit is zero, a slowly changing voltage is output, and the output voltage deviates from an initial value and fluctuates up and down, so that the slowly changing voltage is generated at the output end, which is called a zero drift concept and is also called zero drift for short.
Such a very slowly varying signal (with a very low frequency, almost zero, but not considered to be equal to zero) is called a dc signal, but the dc signal is different from the dc signal, so the output voltage generated due to the null shift phenomenon can be considered as a dc signal, which is a significant characteristic different from a normal output signal.
The amplifier circuit is influenced by factors such as temperature change, unstable power supply voltage and the like, so that the static operating point is changed, and is amplified and transmitted step by step, the voltage of the output end of the circuit deviates from the original fixed value and drifts up and down, the zero drift is the root cause of the amplifier circuit, and the zero drift is considered to be the drift of the static operating point.
Therefore, no matter what type of analog amplifying circuit, the design of zero drift free can be realized according to the above thought, namely, from the two characteristics of the frequency characteristic of the zero drift signal and the static operating point drift.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to solve the technical problem of providing an active rectifier design technology which is simple in structure, low in manufacturing cost and reliable in use.
IN order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an active rectifier without zero drift, which comprises an input blocking circuit, an output blocking circuit, a reverse proportion operational amplifier circuit, a positive half-cycle feedback circuit of the active rectifier, a negative half-cycle feedback circuit of the active rectifier, an output circuit of the active rectifier, a symmetry setting circuit of positive and negative adjustable signals at the output end of the active rectifier, an operational amplifier IC1, a feedback resistor R4 and an input resistor R1 form the reverse proportion operational amplifier circuit, a sine wave input signal IN is connected with the inverting input end 2 pin of an operational amplifier IC1 through an input resistor R1 and an input blocking circuit capacitor C1 IN sequence, an output 1 end is connected with an output 2 end through a reverse diode D1 and a reverse diode D2 IN sequence to form the output circuit of the active rectifier, an output end 6 pin of the operational amplifier IC1 is connected with the left end of the output blocking circuit capacitor C2, the right end of a capacitor C2 is connected with the anode of a diode D1, a resistor R2 forms a negative half-cycle feedback circuit of the active rectifier, a resistor R3 forms a positive half-cycle feedback circuit of the active rectifier, the cathode of a diode D1 is connected with the left end of a capacitor C1 through a resistor R2, the anode of a diode D2 is connected with the left end of a capacitor C1 through a resistor R3, the output 1 end is connected with the output 2 end through a resistor R5, a resistor of a potentiometer P1 and a resistor R6 IN sequence to form a symmetry setting circuit of the positive and negative adjustable signal of the output end of the active rectifier, the sliding end of the potentiometer P1 is connected with a working ground, and a sine wave signal which is IN phase-inverted with the input signal IN is output between the output 1 end and the output 2 end.
In the inverse proportion operational amplifier circuit, a pin 6 at the output end of the operational amplifier IC1 is connected with a pin 2 at the inverting input end of the operational amplifier IC1 through a resistor R4, and a pin 1 of the operational amplifier IC1 is connected with a pin 8 of the operational amplifier IC1 through a capacitor C2.
Drawings
Fig. 1 and 2 are included to provide a further understanding of the utility model and form a part of this application, and fig. 1 is a novel active rectifier electrical principle without zero drift; fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of waveforms at the input and output ends of the zero drift-free active rectifier.
Detailed Description
The traditional active rectifier is usually applied to the field of power supply design, for example, four MOS tubes or an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) or four silicon-controlled rectifiers are needed when one active full-wave rectifier is needed, and the MOS tubes are controlled to be in a switching state, so that the energy consumption is reduced as much as possible.
The active rectifier studied here does not belong to the active rectifier of the mains field, it can fulfill this special function: the complete sine wave signal at the input end of the circuit can be rectified into a positive half cycle sine signal and a negative half cycle sine signal respectively, so that the active rectifier has special significance or effect, and belongs to the field of weak current for processing analog electric signals.
In such an active rectifier circuit, it is usually necessary to apply an operational amplifier to process the analog electrical signal, and a high-quality amplification circuit should have a high voltage gain and a small zero drift, which is a contradiction.
Because the front-stage and rear-stage circuits in the integrated operational amplifier adopt a direct coupling mode, and special circuits are required to be adopted to offset the drift voltages, the input stage of the integrated operational amplifier circuit adopts a differential amplifier circuit which has an inhibiting effect on common-mode signals and an amplifying effect on differential-mode signals, so that the differential amplifier circuit can eliminate zero drift, wherein the zero drift is usually temperature drift, namely the zero drift is caused by the change of the parameters of a transistor along with the change of the ambient temperature.
However, the external factors causing the zero point shift have two other reasons besides the temperature shift: the second is time drift, which is caused by the aging of the parameters of transistors and other elements, and is independent of the circuit design; a third cause is drift due to supply voltage variations, i.e. when the supply voltage varies, the dc level configuration of the circuit suffers some disruption leading to a variation of the output zero.
The above three factors causing the zero drift may be present at the same time, so that the zero drift of the amplifying circuit formed by the integrated operational amplifier is still unavoidable, which may cause an error in the rectified voltage output by the active rectifier circuit, which is detrimental in applications requiring accurate measurements.
Of course, this zero drift can be eliminated by correction, but this correction causes temperature variations and supply voltage fluctuations, which causes further problems in the circuit.
The active rectifier circuit shown in the design is not affected by zero drift, the electrical principle of the active rectifier circuit is shown in fig. 1, and the rectifier circuit comprises an input blocking circuit, an output blocking circuit, a reverse proportion operation amplifying circuit, an active rectifier positive half cycle feedback circuit, an active rectifier negative half cycle feedback circuit, an active rectifier output end positive and negative adjustable signal symmetry setting circuit and the like.
The active rectifier is not affected by zero drift, and the circuit is different from the common active rectifier in novel structure to integrate the operational amplifier circuit IC1The core inverse proportion operational amplifier circuit may have zero drift or temperature drift and time drift caused by power supply voltage variation, and the previous signal source circuit has the same zero drift phenomenon, see fig. 1, by means of blocking capacitor C1Connecting the input terminal of the operational amplifier with a DC voltage source VCC(+ -12V, see FIG. 1) isolated by means of a blocking capacitor C2Connecting the output end of the operational amplifier with a DC voltage source VCCIsolated.
If the active rectifier circuit does not have C1、C2If the two blocking capacitors are used, the circuit is a common active rectifier circuit, and the reactance of the capacitors to the direct current is infinite, so that the capacitors C are actually capacitors C1、C2The introduction of the circuit changes the circuit coupling form from direct coupling into resistance-capacitance coupling, direct current paths among all stages of the resistance-capacitance coupling amplifying circuit are not communicated, and static working points of all stages are mutually independent, so that the resistance-capacitance coupling amplifying circuit can isolate zero drift in the circuit of the stage, and the coupling capacitor C is used for isolating zero drift as long as the frequency of an input signal is higher1、C2With a larger capacity, the output signal of the preceding stage can be passed to the input of the following stage with almost no attenuation.
In the circuit diagram, by means of a switching diode (high-frequency rectification action) D1And a feedback resistor R2The feedback of the electric signal when the signal source is in the negative semi-cycle polarity is realized by a switch diode (the same high-frequency rectification function) D2And a feedback resistor R3And realizing the electric signal feedback when the signal source is in positive semi-cycle polarity.
IC1A resistor R is arranged between the reverse input end and the output end4Introducing local feedback when IC1Actually forms an inverse proportion operational amplifier circuit with peripheral circuits, belongs to the category of linear amplifiers, so R4Controlling the set value of the output direct-current voltage of the operational amplifier, and calculating the output value of the operational amplifier by referring to the formula of the inverse proportion operational amplifier circuit, wherein the formula is as follows:
where the voltage is in volts and the resistance is in ohms.
At the output of the active rectifier, we can obtain the rectified ac component of the input voltage, and a rectified sine wave signal appears between output 1 and output 2: a rectified positive half cycle sinusoidal signal is between the output 1 and the working ground; and between output 2 and ground is a rectified negative half cycle sinusoidal signal as shown in fig. 1.
At this time, attention is paid to IC1The input signal has been inverted so that the negative half cycle output signal is positive (output 1) and the positive half cycle output signal is negative (output 2), potentiometer P1For setting the symmetry of the positive and negative adjustable signals.
From the above conclusions, it can be understood that when an input IN signal reaches output 1 and output 2 simultaneously through resistor R2 and resistor R3, respectively, because of the potentiometer P1In the presence of a potentiometer P1The symmetry of the positive and negative adjustable signals at the output of the active rectifier is set, and the output signal of the active rectifier is the signal between output 1 and output 2, so that the same IN signal arriving at output 1 and output 2 at the same time will cancel each other regardless of whether the IN signal is a positive half-cycle "+" signal or a negative half-cycle "-" signal.
Explained in further detail: when the input sinusoidal AC signal IN is positive half cycle (signal level is positive), a part of the positive level IN signal passes through the input resistor R1Simultaneously to output 1 and output 2 (via resistor R2 and resistor R3),the two positive level signals cancel each other, and the other part of the positive half cycle positive level IN signal passes through the blocking capacitor C1Enters an inverse proportion operation amplifying circuit IC1From the above calculation formula, IC1Is IN phase opposition to the IN signal and is amplified by a factor of 10 (by resistor R IN the circuit of FIG. 1)1And a resistor R4Can be calculated) negative level signal, diode D1Cut-off, diode D2On, the output 2 outputs a negative level signal inverted to the current IN signal, as shown IN FIG. 2, where U isinWhich refers to the voltage signal at the input IN of the rectifier.
Similarly, when the input sinusoidal ac signal IN is negative half-cycle (signal level is negative), a portion of the negative level IN signal passes through the input resistor R1Simultaneously reach output 1 and output 2 (also through resistor R2 and resistor R3), the two negative level signals cancel each other out, and the other part of the negative half-cycle IN signal passes through a blocking capacitor C1Enters an inverse proportion operation amplifying circuit IC1From the above calculation formula, IC1Is a positive level signal which is inverted from the IN signal and amplified by a factor of 10, and a diode D2Cut-off, diode D1On, the output 1 outputs a positive level signal inverted from the current IN signal, as shown IN FIG. 2, where U is1-2Which refers to the voltage signal between the output 1 and the output 2 of the rectifier.
Note that: the zero drift can be isolated in the circuit of the stage just because of the existence of the blocking capacitor, so when the signal of each detection point of the circuit is measured, the instrument power supply is required to be completely isolated from the power supply of the operational amplifier.
For precision applications, the whole circuit should use a resistor with an error of 1%, and the diodes should be screened to see if they have the same forward saturation voltage drop.
The maximum input signal voltage of the active rectifier is 4V p-p(amplitude peak-to-peak), the upper frequency limit may be up to 20 kHz.
The operational amplifier is powered by a symmetrical 6-12V power supply, and the power consumption is very small (several milliamperes).
The active rectifier circuit with special function takes an operational amplification integrated circuit as a core, and a direct coupling circuit is converted into a resistance-capacitance coupling circuit at an input end and an output end by using a blocking capacitor, so that the isolation of zero drift is realized, and the zero drift of the active rectifier is basically eliminated.
Claims (2)
1. An active rectifier without zero drift, characterized by: the rectifier comprises an input blocking circuit, an output blocking circuit, a reverse proportion operational amplifier circuit, an active rectifier positive half cycle feedback circuit, an active rectifier negative half cycle feedback circuit, an active rectifier output circuit, and an active rectifier output end positive and negative adjustable signal symmetry setting circuit, wherein an operational amplifier IC1, a feedback resistor R4 and an input resistor R1 form the reverse proportion operational amplifier circuit, a sine wave input signal IN sequentially passes through an input resistor R1 and an input blocking circuit capacitor C1 to be connected with an inverting input end 2 pin of an operational amplifier IC1, an output 1 end sequentially passes through an inverting diode D1 and an inverting diode D2 to be connected with an output 2 end to form the active rectifier output circuit, an output end 6 pin of the operational amplifier IC1 is connected with the left end of the output blocking circuit capacitor C2, the right end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the positive pole of a diode D1, and a resistor R2 forms the active rectifier negative half cycle feedback circuit, the resistor R3 forms the positive half-cycle feedback circuit of the active rectifier, the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the left end of the capacitor C1 through the resistor R2, the anode of the diode D2 is connected with the left end of the capacitor C1 through the resistor R3, the output 1 end is connected with the output 2 end through the resistor R5, the resistor of the potentiometer P1 and the resistor R6 IN sequence to form the symmetry setting circuit of the positive and negative adjustable signal of the output end of the active rectifier, the sliding end of the potentiometer P1 is connected with a working ground, and a sine wave signal which is opposite to the input signal IN is output between the output 1 end and the output 2 end.
2. The zero drift free active rectifier of claim 1, wherein: in the inverse proportion operational amplifier circuit, a pin 6 at the output end of the operational amplifier IC1 is connected with a pin 2 at the inverting input end of the operational amplifier IC1 through a resistor R4, and a pin 1 of the operational amplifier IC1 is connected with a pin 8 of the operational amplifier IC1 through a capacitor C2.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202123331070.XU CN216904692U (en) | 2021-12-28 | 2021-12-28 | Zero drift-free active rectifier |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202123331070.XU CN216904692U (en) | 2021-12-28 | 2021-12-28 | Zero drift-free active rectifier |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN216904692U true CN216904692U (en) | 2022-07-05 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202123331070.XU Expired - Fee Related CN216904692U (en) | 2021-12-28 | 2021-12-28 | Zero drift-free active rectifier |
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- 2021-12-28 CN CN202123331070.XU patent/CN216904692U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Granted publication date: 20220705 |