CN216795780U - Brush roller cotton picking device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a brush roller cotton picking device, which relates to the field of agricultural machinery and aims to solve the problem of low picking rate in a horizontal spindle cotton picker, and adopts the technical scheme that the device comprises a picking table with a low front part and a high rear part, a plurality of pairs of conical dividers are fixedly arranged at the front end of a picking table rack, a picking rotating device is fixedly arranged at one side of each divider close to the picking table, each picking rotating device comprises a left brush roller and a right brush roller which are assembled in pairs, the left brush roller and the right brush roller are rotationally arranged on the picking table rack, the left brush roller and the right brush roller are arranged in a reverse internal rotation mode at the same speed, a plurality of groups of brush heads are radially and extendingly arranged on the peripheries of the outer edges of the left brush roller and the right brush roller, the brush heads are arranged in a telescopic mode, longitudinal spiral conveyors are arranged on the outer sides of the brush rollers in parallel side by side, the spiral conveyors are rotationally arranged on the picking table rack, the length of the brush heads is adjusted, the harvesting of dense cotton can be matched to the greatest extent, the loss of seed cotton caused by the overlarge distance of the brush heads in the harvesting process can be avoided, the effect of improving the picking rate is achieved.

Description

Brush roller cotton picking device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a brush roller cotton picking device.

Background

China is the largest cotton producing country and consuming country, the Xinjiang cotton yield at 2020/2021 degrees is 520 ten thousand tons, the national yield proportion is about 87%, the national consumption proportion is about 67%, Xinjiang concentrates cotton planting areas to big cotton planting counties in 2021 years, secondary cotton suitable areas, low-yield cotton areas and fruit-cotton intercropping cotton areas of the whole area quit cotton planting for 30 more than ten thousand mu, the cotton planting area of the whole area (containing Xinjiang production building war group) is 3718 ten thousand mu, the total yield is estimated to be 520.06 ten thousand tons, 3.96 ten thousand tons is increased compared with the last year, but most cotton harvesting machines adopt foreign imported equipment, and the independent research and development capability is weak.

The imported foreign horizontal spindle type cotton picker can be put into production and application at present, but the horizontal spindle type cotton picker is suitable for thin planting low-yield cotton and is not suitable for dense planting high-yield cotton in China, the net picking rate cannot meet the use requirement in practical application, and meanwhile, the horizontal spindle type cotton picker is expensive, high in use and maintenance cost and long in cost recovery period, and cannot be borne by ordinary farmers. In addition, the rubber scraper type all-harvesting cotton picker is adopted, and the rubber plate is of an integral structure, so that the rubber plate cannot extend into a cotton plant and can only harvest two sides of the cotton plant, more missed harvests exist under high density, and the field production causes low clean rate. The situation that the mechanized process is difficult to open by the two cotton picking modes is a key factor for restricting the mechanized process of cotton harvesting in China. In order to break the dilemma, a novel cotton picking device which is suitable for the national conditions of China, is economical and applicable and has high picking rate is urgently needed.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to provide a brush roller cotton picking device.

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the utility model aims to provide a brush roller cotton picking device which has the advantages of solving the problems of low net picking rate and picking rate of the existing cotton picker.

In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a brush roller cotton picking device, sets up the high harvesting platform in front low back including the slope, harvesting platform rack front end fixed mounting has a plurality ofly to having conical divider, one side fixed mounting that divider is close to the harvesting platform has a harvesting rotating device, harvesting rotating device includes left brush roll and the right brush roll of assembling in pairs, left side brush roll and right brush roll rotate to set up in harvesting platform rack, left side brush roll and right brush roll are with the reverse internal rotation setting of fast, left side brush roll and right brush roll outer fringe week are provided with mated brush head along radially extending, the scalable setting of brush head, the vertical auger delivery ware of parallel mounting side by side in left side brush roll and right brush roll outside, auger delivery ware rotates and sets up in harvesting platform rack.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, picking platform during operation, left brush roll and right brush roll scrape the brush repeatedly in cotton plant both sides under the drive of power, peel off the seed cotton from the cotton plant with partly bell shell, the seed cotton drives under the centrifugal force of brush roll, the seed cotton brush that interior spiral left brush roll and right brush roll will peel off is to vertical screw conveyer, then the transportation to oblique top, the brush head of scalable setting can be according to the interval of the free adjustment brush head of cotton variety, can match the harvesting of the dense cotton planting in china area in the at utmost behind the adjustment brush head interval, moreover, the steam generator is simple in structure, the maintenance is convenient, do not pluck the spindle, do not need lubricating grease and cleaner, the harvest cost is low.

Furthermore, a first collecting groove matched with the longitudinal spiral conveyor is installed on one surface, attached to the spiral conveyor, of the picking platform frame, the first collecting groove is made of a porous grid plate, and the first collecting groove is arranged in a shape of a profile, attached to the longitudinal spiral conveyor, of a middle depth and a shallow outer depth. By adopting the technical scheme, the seed cotton can freely slide into the first collecting tank under the action of gravity when passing through the first collecting tank with the middle depth and the shallow outside, and moves upwards and concentrates under the action of the longitudinal screw conveyor.

Furthermore, a wind selecting groove and a second collecting groove are installed at the high position of the picking table, the wind selecting groove is communicated with the second collecting groove, one surface, far away from the first collecting groove, of the wind selecting groove is communicated with the second collecting groove, the wind selecting groove and the second collecting groove are arranged in parallel to the ground, the wind selecting groove is lower than the second collecting groove, a wind selecting device for primarily selecting seed cotton is arranged on the inner wall of the wind selecting groove, cotton collecting devices are rotatably installed on two side walls of the collecting groove, the cotton collecting devices are arranged along the length direction of the second collecting groove, each cotton collecting device comprises a left screw conveyor, a right screw conveyor and a cotton picking roller, the screw conveyors, the right screw conveyor and the cotton picking roller share the same rotating shaft, the left screw conveyor and the right screw conveyor are of reverse screw structures, and the cotton picking roller is fixedly connected between the left screw conveyor and the right screw conveyor at intervals, the left screw conveyor and the right screw conveyor are attached to the wall of the second collecting tank, and are rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the picking table. The first collecting tank and the second collecting tank are both provided with porous sieve plates, so that impurities can be conveniently discharged.

By adopting the technical scheme, under the action of gravity and wind, the seed cotton enters the transverse screw conveyer, and the bottom parts of the longitudinal and transverse screw conveyers are provided with the holes convenient for discharging impurities in the process of propelling the seed cotton, so that a part of impurities (cotton leaves and small impurities) can be discharged from the discharge holes. The left screw conveyor and the right screw conveyor are of symmetrical reverse spiral structures, seed cotton can be conveyed to the middle cotton picking roller under the condition that the rotation direction of the rotating shaft is kept unchanged, and the seed cotton is picked and collected by the cotton picking rollers to wait for next processing.

Further, the wind-force is selected the device and is included the exhaust vent that can blow off invariable air current, the exhaust vent is installed in wind-force and is selected the inslot wall, wind-force is selected the fixed leak protection board that is provided with the lid and closes the exhaust vent of inslot wall, wind-force is selected groove both ends lateral wall and is installed the miscellaneous mouth that removes that supplies impurity discharge, the exhaust vent aims at the collecting vat setting.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, bulky light in weight's seed cotton can get into the second collecting vat under the wind-force effect and carry out processing on next step, and the impurity that weight is great or the lifting surface area is less can't be blown the transportation by the air current and finally piles up at wind-force and select tank bottom and then discharge from removing miscellaneous mouthful, and the leak protection board can be placed the seed cotton and fall into the exhaust vent, both can avoid the loss of seed cotton and can also avoid the jam of exhaust vent.

Further, the brush head includes the brush hair mounting panel and picks the brush hair, the fixed mated connecting plate that is provided with in one side that the brush hair mounting panel is close to left brush roll and right brush roll, the terminal and left brush roll or right brush roll outer fringe fixed connection of connecting plate, the brush hair mounting panel includes punch holder and lower plate, the one end and the lower plate fixed connection setting of left brush roll or right brush roll are kept away from to the connecting plate, punch holder and lower plate run through and install the bolt hole that a plurality of positions match, the bolt hole block is provided with the threaded rod of adjustment punch holder and lower plate interval, it is between punch holder and lower plate to pick brush hair centre gripping fixed mounting.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the fixed brush hair of picking of centre gripping between punch holder and the lower plate, use for a long time and pick brush hair length and shorten when influencing the picking rate because of wearing and tearing, loosen punch holder and lower plate and screw up punch holder and lower plate after outwards shifting out proper amount picking brush hair, alright in order to make it reach suitable length and guarantee normal rotation, pick the brush hair simultaneously for traditional horizontal spindle formula cotton picker, pick the dispersedly contact cotton plant of brush hair among the picking process, area of contact is bigger, it can produce certain handing-over knot with the fibre of seed cotton to pick the terminal and the seed cotton of brush hair, and then improve the picking rate, the clean rate reaches 98% and is far more than national standard 93% in the practical application, the impurity rate reaches 9% and is far less than national standard 11%.

Further, the picking bristles are made of steel or plastic or fiber materials or rubber.

Further, the steel is carbon steel or alloy steel, the plastic is polyurethane, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene or ABS plastic, the fiber material is carbon fiber or bamboo fiber, and the rubber is natural rubber or synthetic rubber.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the picking brush hair self that adopts steel or plastics or fiber material to make has certain elasticity, can not produce the tearing nature damage to the seed cotton because of the too big repeated hook area of self rigidity emergence when left brush roll and right brush roll rotate at a high speed and collect the seed cotton to the quality of cotton picking is promoted.

Furthermore, the diameter of the picking bristles is 0.2mm-5mm, and the length of the picking bristles is 1cm-15 cm.

By adopting the technical scheme, the picking rate is reduced due to the fact that the picking bristles are too long and too thin, the seed cotton picking force is too small, the impurity content rate after picking is increased due to the fact that the bristles are too short and too thick, and therefore the picking bristles are kept between 0.2mm and 5mm and between 1cm and 15cm long, a good working interval is kept, the seed cotton picking rate can be effectively guaranteed, and the impurity content rate is reduced.

In conclusion, the beneficial technical effects of the utility model are as follows:

1. the telescopic brush heads are adopted, and the self-adaptive adjustment of the picking bristles is combined, so that the effect of conveniently, accurately and efficiently collecting cotton by adjusting the distance between the brush heads according to cotton varieties is achieved, and the cotton picking efficiency is improved; the picking bristles have the effect of collecting uniformly, and the net picking rate is higher than that of a traditional horizontal spindle type cotton picker in a collecting mode and a scraper type uniform cotton picker;

2. the first collecting tank which is matched with the outline of the screw conveyor is adopted, so that the effect of conveniently collecting and conveying seed cotton is achieved;

3. the wind power selection device and the cotton picking roller are adopted, so that the effects of removing impurities and selecting seed cotton in batches are achieved, and the quality of picked cotton is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a top view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a rear view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a side view of the overall cross-sectional structure of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the cotton collecting device of the present invention.

In the figure, 1, a picking platform; 11. a longitudinal screw conveyor; 111. a first holding tank; 12. a wind power selection groove; 13. a second holding tank; 131. a left screw conveyor; 132. a right auger conveyor; 133. a cotton picking roller; 2. a crop divider; 3. a left brush roll; 4. a right brush roll; 5. a brush head.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The carbon steel in the utility model comprises low carbon steel, medium carbon steel and high carbon steel.

Referring to fig. 1, the utility model discloses a brush roller cotton picking device, which comprises a picking platform 1 which is obliquely arranged and is low in front and high in back, wherein a plurality of pairs of conical dividers 2 are fixedly arranged at the front end of a rack of the picking platform 1, a picking rotating device is fixedly arranged at one side of each divider 2 close to the picking platform 1, the picking rotating device comprises a left brush roller 3 and a right brush roller 4 which are assembled in pairs, the left brush roller 3 and the right brush roller 4 are rotationally arranged on the rack of the picking platform 1, the left brush roller 3 and the right brush roller 4 are arranged in a reverse internal rotation mode at the same speed, paired brush heads 5 are arranged on the peripheries of the outer edges of the left brush roller 3 and the right brush roller 4 in a radial extending mode, the brush heads 5 are arranged in a telescopic mode, longitudinal screw conveyors 11 are arranged on the outer sides of the left brush roller 3 and the right brush roller 4 in parallel side by side, the screw conveyors are rotationally arranged on the rack of the picking platform 1, when the picking platform 1 works, the left brush roller 3 and the right brush roller 4 peel seed cotton from cotton plants under the driving of the power, the seed cotton is pushed and propelled by mutual extrusion and stacked from bottom to top, the seed cotton stripped by the internal rotating left brush roll 3 and the internal rotating right brush roll 4 is brushed to the longitudinal screw conveyor 11 and then is conveyed obliquely upwards to wait for next picking, the distance between the brush heads 5 can be freely adjusted according to the cotton variety, the harvesting of dense cotton in China can be matched to the maximum extent after the distance between the brush heads 5 is adjusted, the loss of the quantity of the seed cotton caused by the overlarge distance between the brush heads 5 in the harvesting process is avoided, the picking rate is improved, the structure is simple, the maintenance and the overhaul are convenient, no spindle is used, lubricating grease and cleaning agent are not needed, the harvesting cost is low, one surface of the frame of the picking table 1, which is attached to the screw conveyor, is provided with a first collecting tank 111 matched with the longitudinal screw conveyor 11, the first collecting tank 111 is arranged in a mode that the profile of the longitudinal screw conveyor 11 is attached to the middle depth and the outer depth, when the seed cotton passes through the first collecting tank 111, the middle depth and the outer depth can freely slide into the first collecting tank 111 under the action of gravity, the brush head 11 comprises a brush hair mounting plate and picking brush hair, one surface of the brush hair mounting plate, which is close to the left brush roll 3 or the right brush roll 4, is fixedly provided with paired connecting plates, the tail end of each connecting plate is fixedly connected with the outer edge of the left brush roll 3 or the right brush roll 4, the brush hair mounting plate comprises an upper clamping plate and a lower clamping plate, one end of each connecting plate, which is far away from the left brush roll 3 or the right brush roll 4, is fixedly connected with the lower clamping plate, the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate are provided with a plurality of bolt holes matched in position in a penetrating way, the bolt holes are clamped with threaded rods for adjusting the distance between the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate, the picking brush hair is clamped and fixedly arranged between the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate, when the picking brush hair length is shortened due to abrasion after long-time use and the picking rate is influenced, the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate are loosened to move out proper amount of the picking brush hair and then the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate are tightened, the cotton picking device can reach a proper length to ensure normal rotation, and meanwhile, compared with a traditional horizontal spindle type cotton picker, the picking bristles can be in dispersed contact with cotton plants in the picking process, the contact area is larger, certain cross connection can be generated between the tail ends of the picking bristles and fibers of seed cotton, the friction force between the picking bristles and the seed cotton is further improved, the picking rate is 98% and is far greater than 93% of the national standard, the impurity content is 9% and is far smaller than 12% of the national standard, the picking bristles are made of steel or plastic or fiber materials, the steel is carbon steel or stainless steel, the plastic is polyurethane or polyethylene or polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate or polyvinyl chloride or polystyrene or ABS plastic, the fiber materials are carbon fibers or bamboo wood fibers, and the rubber is natural rubber or synthetic rubber. The picking bristles made of the materials have certain elasticity, repeated hooking damage to seed cotton due to too high rigidity of the picking bristles can not occur when the left brush roller 3 and the right brush roller 4 rotate at a high speed to collect the seed cotton, so that the quality of cotton picking is improved, the diameter of the picking bristles is 0.2-5 mm, the length of the picking bristles is 1-15 cm, too long and too thin picking bristles can cause too small force for picking the seed cotton to reduce the picking rate, too short and too thick bristles can cause the impurity content after picking to be high, therefore, the picking bristles keep 0.2-5 mm, and the length of the picking bristles of 1-15 cm keeps a good working interval, so that the seed cotton picking rate can be effectively guaranteed, and the impurity content can be reduced.

Referring to fig. 2, 3 and 4, a wind power selecting groove 12 and a second collecting groove 13 are installed at a high position of a picking platform 1, the first collecting groove 111 and the second collecting groove 13 both adopt porous sieve plates to discharge impurities conveniently, the wind power selecting groove 12 is communicated with the second collecting groove 13, one surface of the wind power selecting groove 12 far away from the first collecting groove 111 is communicated with the second collecting groove 13, the wind power selecting groove 12 and the second collecting groove 13 are arranged in parallel with the ground, the wind power selecting groove 12 is lower than the second collecting groove 13, the inner wall of the wind power selecting groove 12 is provided with a wind power selecting device for primarily selecting seed cotton, two side walls of the collecting groove are rotatably provided with cotton collecting devices, the cotton collecting devices are arranged along the length direction of the second collecting groove 13, each cotton collecting device comprises a left screw conveyor 131, a right screw conveyor 132 and a cotton picking roller 133, the screw conveyors, the right screw conveyor 132 and the cotton picking roller 133 share the same rotating shaft, the left screw conveyor 131 and the right screw conveyor 132 are of reverse screw structures, the left screw conveyor 131 and the right screw conveyor 132 are arranged at intervals and are fixedly connected by a cotton picking roller 133, the left screw conveyor 131 and the right screw conveyor 132 are attached to the wall of the second collecting tank 13, the left screw conveyor 131 and the right screw conveyor 132 are rotatably arranged on the inner wall of the picking table 1, the wind power selecting tank 12 with a wind power selecting device can accurately blow seed cotton into the second collecting tank 13 under the action of wind power after the seed cotton is primarily selected, the left screw conveyor 131 and the right screw conveyor 132 are of symmetrical reverse screw structures, the seed cotton can be conveyed to the position of the middle cotton picking roller 133 under the condition that the rotating direction of a rotating shaft is inconvenient, the seed cotton is selected and collected by the cotton picking roller 133 to wait for further processing, and the wind power selecting device comprises an air outlet hole capable of blowing out constant air flow, the exhaust vent is installed in wind-force and is selected groove 12 inner wall, the fixed leak protection board that is provided with the lid and closes the exhaust vent of wind-force is selected to groove 12 inner wall, the wind-force is selected the lateral wall in groove 12 both ends and is installed the impurity removal mouth that supplies impurity discharge, the exhaust vent aims at the collecting vat setting, the less seed cotton of bulky light in weight can get into second collecting vat 13 under the wind-force effect and carry out processing on next step, the great or less impurity of lifting surface area of forced flow transportation finally piles up in groove 12 bottom is selected to wind-force then from removing the impurity mouth and discharge, the leak protection board can be placed the seed cotton and fall into the exhaust vent, both can avoid the loss of seed cotton and can also avoid the jam of exhaust vent.

The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the utility model are covered by the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a brush roller cotton picking device, low high picking platform (1) in back before the slope sets up, picking platform (1) rack front end fixed mounting has a plurality of to having conical divider (2), its characterized in that: one side fixed mounting that divider (2) are close to and pick platform (1) picks rotating device, it includes left brush roll (3) and right brush roll (4) of equipment in pairs to pick rotating device, left brush roll (3) and right brush roll (4) rotate and set up in picking platform (1) rack, left side brush roll (3) and right brush roll (4) are with the reverse internal rotation setting of fast, left side brush roll (3) and right brush roll (4) outer fringe week are provided with mated brush head (5) along radially extending, brush head (5) scalable setting, vertical auger delivery ware (11) is installed in parallel side by side in left side brush roll (3) and right brush roll (4) outside, the auger delivery ware rotates and sets up in picking platform (1) rack.

2. The brush roller cotton picking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: one surface of the frame of the picking table (1) attached to the spiral conveyor is provided with a first collecting groove (111) matched with the longitudinal spiral conveyor (11), and the first collecting groove (111) is U-shaped, and is attached to the profile of the longitudinal spiral conveyor (11) in a shallow mode at the middle depth.

3. The brush roll cotton picking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: pick platform (1) eminence and install wind-force and select groove (12) and second collecting vat (13), wind-force is selected groove (12) intercommunication second collecting vat (13) and is set up, wind-force is selected one side intercommunication second collecting vat (13) setting that first collecting vat (111) was kept away from in groove (12), wind-force is selected groove (12) and second collecting vat (13) and is on a parallel with ground setting, wind-force is selected groove (12) and is less than second collecting vat (13) setting, wind-force is selected groove (12) inner wall and is provided with the wind-force of tentatively selecting seed cotton and selects the device, the collecting vat both sides wall is rotated and is installed cotton collection device, cotton collection device sets up along second collecting vat (13) length direction, cotton collection device includes left auger delivery ware (131), right auger delivery ware (132) and picks cotton roller (133), auger delivery ware, The right screw conveyor (132) and the cotton picking roller (133) share the same rotating shaft, the left screw conveyor (131) and the right screw conveyor (132) are of reverse spiral structures, the cotton picking roller (133) is fixedly connected between the left screw conveyor (131) and the right screw conveyor (132) at intervals, the left screw conveyor (131) and the right screw conveyor (132) are attached to the groove wall of the second collecting groove (13), and the left screw conveyor (131) and the right screw conveyor (132) are rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the picking table (1).

4. The brush roller cotton picking device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the first collecting tank (111) and the second collecting tank (13) both adopt porous sieve plates.

5. The brush roller cotton picking device according to claim 3, characterized in that: wind-force is selected the device and is included the exhaust vent that can blow off invariable air current, the exhaust vent is installed and is selected groove (12) inner wall in wind-force, wind-force is selected groove (12) inner wall and is fixedly provided with the leak protection board that the lid closed the exhaust vent, wind-force is selected groove (12) both ends lateral wall and is installed the miscellaneous mouth that removes that supplies impurity discharge, the exhaust vent aims at the collecting vat setting.

6. The brush roller cotton picking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: brush head (5) include the brush hair mounting panel and pick the brush hair, the brush hair mounting panel is close to the fixed connecting plate that is provided with of one side of left brush roll (3) and right brush roll (4), the terminal and left brush roll (3) or right brush roll (4) outer fringe fixed connection of connecting plate, the brush hair mounting panel includes punch holder and lower plate, the one end and the lower plate fixed connection setting of left brush roll (3) or right brush roll (4) are kept away from to the connecting plate, punch holder and lower plate run through the bolt hole of installing a plurality of position matchings, the bolt hole block is provided with the threaded rod of adjustment punch holder and lower plate interval, pick brush hair centre gripping fixed mounting between punch holder and lower plate.

7. The brush roller cotton picking device according to claim 6, characterized in that: the diameter of the picking bristles is 0.2mm-5mm, and the length of the picking bristles is 1cm-15 cm.

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