CN216717254U - Three-dimensional displacement measuring device - Google Patents
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- CN216717254U CN216717254U CN202123418237.6U CN202123418237U CN216717254U CN 216717254 U CN216717254 U CN 216717254U CN 202123418237 U CN202123418237 U CN 202123418237U CN 216717254 U CN216717254 U CN 216717254U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a three-dimensional displacement measuring device, which is used for measuring three-dimensional relative displacement between two measured objects and comprises a displacement measuring module and an angle measuring module; one end of the displacement measuring module in the length direction is used for being connected with a measured object, the angle measuring module is connected to the other end of the displacement measuring module in the length direction, and one end of the angle measuring module, which is far away from the displacement measuring module, is used for being connected with another measured object; the displacement measurement module is used for measuring the relative displacement of the two measured objects along the length direction of the displacement measurement module; the angle measurement module is used for measuring a first relative rotation angle of the displacement measurement module around a first axis and a second relative rotation angle of the displacement measurement module around a second axis, and the first axis and the second axis are perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the length direction of the displacement measurement module. The three-dimensional displacement measuring device can realize one-time measurement of displacement in three directions, has high measuring efficiency and is beneficial to improving the measuring precision.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of displacement monitoring, in particular to a three-dimensional displacement measuring device.
Background
Earthquake is a common disaster in the natural world, and house structure earthquake damage in the earthquake can cause a large amount of house collapse and casualties, thereby causing great loss to the social economy. The traditional earthquake-proof technology only depends on increasing the rigidity of the structure to resist earthquake shock, the structure can cause serious loss once being damaged, and the performance of the structure in the earthquake is far from reaching the expected target. To radically reduce the input of seismic energy, engineers have turned the eye from traditional seismic resistance to seismic isolation. The shock isolation technology is a new shock isolation technology which is widely applied to various practical projects, and the current common shock isolation mode is a rubber shock isolation support. The shock insulation support is under the action of complex self and environmental load effect in the process of construction and use, damage and accumulation of a structural system are inevitably generated, the capability of resisting natural disasters is reduced, normal use of the support structure is influenced, and certain potential safety hazards are brought to buildings. Therefore, a key technology of the seismic isolation support in practical application is to monitor the deformation displacement of the seismic isolation support.
The deformation displacement of the vibration isolation support is a compound motion, and comprises displacement components in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction. Most of the existing displacement measuring devices are unidirectional measurement, and a plurality of displacement sensors are needed when single-point multidirectional displacement measurement is carried out. Therefore, in the process of monitoring the deformation displacement of the vibration isolation support, a method of simultaneously using three linear displacement sensors to monitor the displacement in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction respectively is mainly adopted. Because each displacement sensor is difficult to guarantee the accuracy of direction when using, has brought certain error for measuring, in addition in the in-process of unilateral displacement monitoring in order to avoid the interference of other direction displacements, its three displacement sensor's stiff end all need increase a spout mechanism and offset the interference of other two direction displacements, but the spout is worn and damaged easily under long-time wearing and receiving the environmental impact to displacement measurement's precision has been reduced. Meanwhile, the method has the advantages of multiple devices, multiple signal lines, multiplied connection of all parts, high construction difficulty and complex system, greatly improved fault rate of the whole measuring system, further increased error and inconvenience for smooth displacement measurement.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a three-dimensional displacement measuring device, which is used for solving the defects of low measurement precision, high construction difficulty, complex system and high failure rate of a method for respectively monitoring three-direction displacements of a shock insulation support by using three linear displacement sensors in the prior art and realizing the three-dimensional displacement measuring device capable of measuring the three-direction displacements at one time.
The utility model provides a three-dimensional displacement measuring device, which is used for measuring the three-dimensional relative displacement between two measured objects and comprises: the displacement measuring module and the angle measuring module;
one end of the displacement measuring module in the length direction is used for being connected with one measured object, the angle measuring module is connected to the other end of the displacement measuring module in the length direction, and one end of the angle measuring module, which is far away from the displacement measuring module, is used for being connected with the other measured object;
the displacement measuring module is used for measuring the relative displacement of the two measured objects along the length direction of the displacement measuring module;
the angle measurement module is used for measuring a first relative rotation angle of the displacement measurement module around a first axis and a second relative rotation angle of the displacement measurement module around a second axis, and the first axis and the second axis are perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the length direction of the displacement measurement module.
According to the three-dimensional displacement measuring device provided by the utility model, the displacement measuring module comprises a main body, a translation assembly and a displacement detection assembly, wherein the length direction of the main body is the length direction of the displacement measuring module, and one end of the main body in the length direction is connected with the angle measuring module; the translation assembly is mounted on the main body and can move in a translation mode along the length direction of the main body relative to the main body, and the translation assembly is used for being fixedly connected with the object to be measured; the displacement detection assembly is used for detecting the relative translational displacement of the translation assembly and the main body.
According to the three-dimensional displacement measuring device provided by the utility model, the translation assembly comprises a sliding part, the sliding part is connected to the main body in a sliding mode and can slide in a translation mode along the length direction of the main body, and the sliding part is also provided with an inclined surface extending obliquely along the sliding direction; the displacement detection assembly is arranged on the main body and used for measuring the height of the inclined plane of the sliding part at a certain position on the main body.
According to the three-dimensional displacement measuring device provided by the utility model, the displacement detection assembly comprises a cantilever beam and a strain gauge, the cantilever beam comprises a fixed end, a free end and a measuring section for connecting the fixed end and the free end, the fixed end is fixedly connected with the main body, the measuring section is parallel to the sliding direction of the sliding part, the surface of the measuring section is opposite to the inclined plane, and the free end is in contact with the inclined plane; the strain gauge is attached and fixed on the surface of the measuring section.
According to the three-dimensional displacement measuring device provided by the utility model, the surface of the measuring section of the cantilever beam is provided with a plurality of through holes to form a cross beam, and the strain gauge is attached and fixed in a strain area of the cross beam.
According to the three-dimensional displacement measuring device provided by the utility model, the strain gauges are symmetrically attached and fixed on the two opposite side surfaces of the measuring section.
According to the three-dimensional displacement measuring device provided by the utility model, the main body comprises a base plate, wherein a guide connecting part is arranged on the base plate, and the guide connecting part extends along the length direction of the main body; the sliding piece is connected with the guide connecting part in a sliding mode and can slide along the guide connecting part.
According to the three-dimensional displacement measuring device provided by the utility model, the main body further comprises a limiting piece, the sliding piece is further provided with a limiting part extending along the sliding direction, and the limiting piece is arranged on the substrate and can be abutted against the limiting part along the height direction of the inclined surface so as to limit the sliding piece on the guide connecting part.
According to the three-dimensional displacement measuring device provided by the utility model, the angle measuring module comprises a rotating connecting piece, a first connecting assembly and an angle detecting assembly, the rotating connecting piece is rotatably connected to one end of the displacement measuring module in the length direction, and the relative rotating axis of the rotating connecting piece and the displacement measuring module is perpendicular to the length direction of the displacement measuring module; the first connecting assembly is rotatably connected to the rotating connecting piece, the relative rotating axis of the rotating connecting piece and the first connecting assembly is perpendicular to the length direction of the displacement measuring module and the relative rotating axis of the rotating connecting piece and the displacement measuring module, and one end of the first connecting assembly, which is far away from the rotating connecting piece, is used for being connected with the measured object; the angle detection assembly is used for detecting a first rotation angle of the rotating connecting piece relative to the first connecting assembly and a second rotation angle of the rotating connecting piece relative to the displacement measurement module.
According to the three-dimensional displacement measuring device provided by the utility model, the relative displacement of two measured objects along the length direction of the displacement measuring module can be directly measured through the displacement measuring module, the rotating angles of the displacement measuring module around two mutually perpendicular axes perpendicular to the relative displacement direction can be directly measured through the angle measuring module, then the relative displacement of the two measured objects along the length direction of the displacement measuring module can be decomposed into three directions through trigonometric function relation operation, so that the relative displacement components of the two measured objects in the three directions can be obtained, the displacement in the three directions can be measured at one time, and the measuring efficiency is high; the three-dimensional displacement measuring device uses a displacement measuring module for detecting displacement in a single direction, does not need a complex structure, is simple and reliable, reduces the construction difficulty and the failure rate, and has low cost and high cost performance; and the displacement measurement module and the angle measurement module adopt a direct coupling mode, so that the three-dimensional displacement measurement device has good dynamic measurement capability, and the measurement precision is favorably improved.
The three-dimensional displacement measuring device can effectively measure the composite three-dimensional displacement value of the shock insulation support, and solves the defects of low measurement precision, high construction difficulty, complex system and high failure rate of the method for respectively monitoring the three-direction displacement of the shock insulation support by using three linear displacement sensors in the prior art.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings needed for the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional displacement measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a state of use of the three-dimensional displacement measuring device according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a partially exploded view of a displacement measuring module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the combination of the main body, the translation assembly and the displacement detection assembly provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a front view of the body, translation assembly and displacement sensing assembly as provided by an embodiment of the present invention in cooperation;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a slider according to an embodiment of the present invention forcing a cantilever beam to bend;
FIG. 7 is a top view of a cantilever beam provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of a cantilever beam according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of a strain gage provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a partially enlarged schematic structural view of a three-dimensional displacement measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a use state diagram of the three-dimensional displacement measurement device provided by the embodiment of the utility model applied to displacement monitoring of a seismic isolation support.
Reference numerals:
1: a displacement measurement module; 2: an angle measurement module;
11: a main body; 12: a translation assembly; 13: a displacement detection assembly; 14: a second connection assembly; 21: rotating the connecting piece; 22: a first connection assembly;
111: a substrate; 112: a limiting member; 113: a top plate; 121: a slider; 122: a connecting rod; 131: a cantilever beam; 132: a strain gauge; 141: a flange coupling; 142: a second link; 143: a second clevis; 221: a fixed seat; 222: a first link; 223: a first yoke;
1111: a guide connecting portion; 1211: a bevel; 1212: a limiting part; 1311: a fixed end; 1312: a free end; 1313: a measuring section; 1314: a through hole; 1315: a cross beam;
100: a three-dimensional displacement measuring device; 200: a measured object; 300: a shock insulation support; 301: a connecting plate; 400: and a data acquisition unit.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for the sake of clarity in describing the numbering of the components of the product and do not represent any substantial difference, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used only to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object to be described is changed, the relative positional relationships may also be changed accordingly. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.
It is to be understood that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the term "coupled" is used broadly, and may, for example, refer to directly coupled devices or indirectly coupled devices through intervening media. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The three-dimensional displacement measuring device of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 10.
As shown in fig. 1, the three-dimensional displacement measuring device 100 provided by the present invention is suitable for measuring the three-dimensional relative displacement between two measured objects; the three-dimensional displacement measuring device 100 comprises a displacement measuring module 1 and an angle measuring module 2, wherein one end of the displacement measuring module 1 in the length direction is used for being connected with a measured object, the angle measuring module 2 is connected with the other end of the displacement measuring module 1 in the length direction, and one end of the angle measuring module 2, which is far away from the displacement measuring module 1, is used for being connected with another measured object; the displacement measuring module 1 is used for measuring the relative displacement of two measured objects along the length direction of the displacement measuring module 1; the angle measuring module 2 is used for measuring a first rotation angle of the displacement measuring module 1 around a first axis and a second rotation angle of the displacement measuring module 1 around a second axis, and the first axis and the second axis are perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the length direction of the displacement measuring module 1.
As shown in fig. 2, when the three-dimensional displacement measuring device 100 of the present invention is used, the three-dimensional displacement measuring device 100 is connected between two measured objects 200, and three points can be determined at an initial timeInitial length L of displacement measuring module 1 of dimensional displacement measuring device 1000And determining a first initial inclination angle alpha of the length direction of the displacement measuring module 1 relative to the connecting line direction of the geometric centers of the two measured objects 200 along the first direction0And a second initial inclination angle beta in a second direction0The first direction and the second direction are mutually vertical, and the first direction and the second direction are both vertical to the connecting line direction of the geometric centers of the two measured objects 200; when the length direction of the displacement measuring module 1 is parallel to the connecting line direction of the geometric centers of the two measured objects 200, alpha0＝β0＝0。
When the two measured objects 200 generate three-dimensional composite displacement relative motion, the three-dimensional displacement measurement device 100 is affected by the relative displacement change of the two measured objects 200, the length of the displacement measurement module 1 is changed in a telescopic manner relative to the initial time, and the displacement measurement module 1 can detect the telescopic variation delta L in the length direction thereof, that is, the relative displacement of the two measured objects 200 along the length direction of the displacement measurement module 1 is obtained, so that the stretching length L of the displacement measurement module 1 at the current time can be obtainedtCan know Lt＝L0+ Δ L; at the same time, the displacement measuring module 1 also performs a rotational movement about the first axis and the second axis relative to the initial time, and the angle measuring module 2 can detect a first rotation angle α of the displacement measuring module 1 about the first axis and a second rotation angle β about the second axis.
Measuring the stretching length L of the module 1 at the current momenttAnd the first rotation angle alpha and the second rotation angle beta are subjected to trigonometric function relation operation, and then are subjected to difference with the value at the initial moment, and finally the relative displacement change values of the two measured objects 200 in the X, Y, Z three directions can be calculated. In this embodiment, the Y direction is a connection line direction of the geometric centers of the two objects 200. The three-dimensional displacement measurement value calculation formula is as follows:
ΔXt＝Ltcosαsinβ-L0cosα0sinβ0
ΔYt＝Ltcosαcosβ-L0cosα0cosβ0
ΔZt＝Ltsinα-L0sinα0
wherein, Δ Xt、ΔYt、ΔZtNamely, the three-dimensional displacement measurement values of the two measured objects 200 measured at the time t.
The three-dimensional displacement measuring device 100 of the embodiment can directly measure the relative displacement of the two measured objects 200 along the length direction of the displacement measuring module 1 by arranging the displacement measuring module 1, can directly measure the rotation angle of the displacement measuring module 1 around two mutually perpendicular axes perpendicular to the relative displacement direction by arranging the angle measuring module 2, and can decompose the relative displacement of the two measured objects 200 along the length direction of the displacement measuring module 1 into three directions by trigonometric function relation operation, so that the relative displacement components of the two measured objects 200 in the three directions can be obtained, the displacement in the three directions can be measured at one time, and the measuring efficiency is high; the three-dimensional displacement measuring device 100 uses the displacement measuring module 1 for detecting displacement in a single direction, does not need a complex structure, is simple and reliable, reduces the construction difficulty and the failure rate, and has low cost and high cost performance; and the displacement measuring module 1 and the angle measuring module 2 adopt a direct coupling mode, so that the three-dimensional displacement measuring device 100 has good dynamic measuring capability and is beneficial to improving the measuring precision.
By using the three-dimensional displacement measuring device 100, the composite three-dimensional displacement value of the vibration isolation support can be effectively measured, and the defects of low measurement precision, high construction difficulty, complex system and high failure rate of the method for respectively monitoring the three-direction displacement of the vibration isolation support by using three linear displacement sensors in the prior art are overcome.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the displacement measurement module 1 includes a main body 11, a translation assembly 12 and a displacement detection assembly 13, the length direction of the main body 11 is the length direction of the displacement measurement module 1, and one end of the main body 11 in the length direction is connected to the angle measurement module 2; the translation assembly 12 is mounted on the main body 11 and can perform translational motion along the length direction of the main body 11 relative to the main body 11, and the translation assembly 12 is used for being fixedly connected with the object to be measured 200; the displacement detecting assembly 13 is used for detecting the relative translational displacement of the translating assembly 12 and the main body 11.
In this embodiment, the displacement detection component 13 directly detects the relative translational displacement between the translational component 12 and the main body 11, the translational component 12 is fixedly connected with one measured object 200, the main body 11 is connected with the angle measurement module 2, the angle measurement module 2 is connected with another measured object 200, the relative translational displacement between the translational component 12 and the main body 11 is equal to the relative displacement of the two measured objects 200 along the length direction of the displacement measurement module 1, so as to directly measure the relative displacement of the two measured objects 200 along the length direction of the displacement measurement module 1; each part of the displacement measurement module 1 is directly coupled, so that the displacement measurement module has good dynamic measurement capability, is favorable for improving the measurement precision, and has the advantages of simple and reliable structure, low failure rate, low cost and high cost performance.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 3, the translating assembly 12 includes a sliding member 121, the sliding member 121 is slidably connected to the main body 11 and can be translationally slid along the length direction of the main body 11, and the sliding member 121 further has a slope 1211 extending obliquely along the sliding direction; the displacement detecting unit 13 is disposed on the main body 11 for measuring the height of the inclined surface 1211 of the slider 121 at a position on the main body 11.
In the present embodiment, the inclined surface 1211 extends obliquely along the sliding direction of the sliding member 121, when the sliding member 121 slides in a translational manner along the length direction of the main body 11, the height of the inclined surface 1211 of the sliding member 121 at a certain position on the main body 11 changes accordingly, and the amount of change of the height of the inclined surface 1211 is proportional to the translational displacement of the sliding member 121; the displacement detecting assembly 13 measures the height of the inclined surface 1211 of the sliding member 121 at the position, and can measure the amount of change in the height of the inclined surface 1211 at the position, thereby measuring the translational displacement of the sliding member 121 relative to the main body 11. The inclined surface 1211 is arranged on the sliding part 121, so that the relative translational displacement between the translation assembly 12 and the main body 11 is detected, the structure is compact, and the detection result is direct and reliable.
Specifically, the translation assembly 12 further includes a connecting rod 122, one end of the connecting rod 122 is fixedly connected to the sliding member 121, the other end of the connecting rod 122 extends out of one end of the main body 11 away from the angle measurement module 2, and an end of the connecting rod 122 is used for being fixedly connected to the object under test 200. The external displacement of the object to be measured 200 is directly transmitted to the sliding member 121 through the connecting rod 122,
in one embodiment, the connecting rod 122 is rod-shaped, and the length direction of the connecting rod 122 is parallel to the sliding direction of the sliding member 121; the outer periphery of the end of the connecting rod 122 is provided with a thread, and the connecting rod 122 is detachably and fixedly connected with the sliding part 121 through the thread.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the main body 11 includes a base plate 111, a guide link 1111 is provided on the base plate 111, and the guide link 1111 extends in a length direction of the main body 11; the slider 121 is slidably coupled to the guide coupling portion 1111 and can slide along the guide coupling portion 1111. Through setting up direction connecting portion 1111, can play the spacing effect of direction to translation subassembly 12 for the translational motion of main part 11, avoid the skew translational motion direction of translation subassembly 12, avoid causing the influence to measuring result, guarantee that displacement measurement result is accurate reliable.
In one embodiment, the main body 11 includes a housing, the base plate 111 is a side plate of the housing, and the guiding connection 1111 is a sliding slot opened on the base plate 111; the sliding part 121 is a wedge-shaped sliding block, and the wedge-shaped sliding block is slidably arranged in the sliding groove and can freely slide and move along the sliding groove; the connecting rod 122 is connected to the wedge sled and extends through the housing.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, the main body 11 further includes a limiting member 112, the sliding member 121 is further provided with a limiting portion 1212 extending along the sliding direction, the limiting member 112 is disposed on the substrate 111 and can abut against the limiting portion 1212 along the height direction of the inclined surface 1211 of the sliding member 121, so as to limit the sliding member 121 at the guide connection portion 1111. By disposing the limiting member 112 to abut against the limiting portion 1212, the limiting member 112 can prevent the sliding member 121 from moving along the height direction of the inclined surface 1211, so as to ensure that the sliding member 121 does not move along the inclined surface 1211, avoid affecting the measurement result, and ensure the accuracy and reliability of the displacement measurement result.
In one embodiment, the limiting portion 1212 is a limiting edge protruding from the two sides of the bottom of the wedge-shaped sliding block parallel to the sliding direction, and the limiting edge is located in the sliding groove; the limiting member 112 is a limiting plate, the limiting plate is fixedly connected to the base plate 111 and located above the sliding groove, and the limiting plate abuts against a limiting edge of the wedge-shaped sliding block to block the wedge-shaped sliding block from moving up and down.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the displacement detecting assembly 13 comprises the cantilever beam 131 and the strain gauge 132, the cantilever beam 131 comprises a fixed end 1311, a free end 1312 and a measuring section 1313 connecting the fixed end 1311 and the free end 1312, the fixed end 1311 of the cantilever beam 131 is fixedly connected with the main body 11, the measuring section 1313 of the cantilever beam 131 is parallel to the sliding direction of the sliding member 121, the surface of the measuring section 1313 of the cantilever beam 131 is opposite to the inclined surface 1211 of the sliding member 121, and the free end 1312 of the cantilever beam 131 is in contact with the inclined surface 1211 of the sliding member 121; the strain gauge 132 is attached to the surface of the measurement section 1313 of the cantilever beam 131.
In the present embodiment, as the external displacement acts, the sliding member 121 slides in a translational manner along the length direction relative to the main body 11, and the height of the inclined surface 1211 of the sliding member 121 at the free end 1312 of the cantilever beam 131 changes, so that the cantilever beam 131 is forced to bend; the strain gauge 132 can sense the bending deformation of the surface of the measurement section 1313 of the cantilever beam 131, so that the resistance value of the strain gauge 132 changes along with the change of the resistance, the change of the resistance can be converted into the change of a voltage signal by matching with a corresponding bridge type measurement circuit, the change of the external displacement is finally converted into the change of the voltage signal by the conversion of a direct current bridge circuit, and then the corresponding displacement variation can be obtained by calculating through a related formula, so that the displacement of the free end 1312 of the cantilever beam 131 relative to the fixed end 1311 is detected, and the height change of the inclined surface 1211 of the sliding part 121 at the free end 1312 is finally detected. The strain gauge 132, i.e., a resistance strain gauge, uses a resistance strain gauge as a sensing material, and the resistance strain gauge has the advantages of high precision, small size, light weight, low cost, and the like.
As shown in fig. 6, the deflection ω of the free end 1312 of the cantilever beam 131 and the translational displacement Δ L of the slider 121 satisfy the following calculation equation:
ω＝ΔLtanθ
where θ is the inclination angle of the inclined surface 1211 of the slider 121.
In one embodiment, body 11 further includes a top plate 113 parallel to base plate 111, and fixed end 1311 of cantilevered beam 131 is fixedly attached to top plate 113 to position measurement section 1313 of cantilevered beam 131 parallel to base plate 111. The strain gauge 132 is adhesively fixed on the surface of the measurement section 1313 of the cantilever beam 131.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, the cantilever beam 131 is an equal strength beam, and when the equal strength cantilever beam 131 is subjected to an external force, the deflection of the cantilever beam 131 caused by the influence of the external force to tilt should be the same on the cross sections with different lengths from the free end 1312; when the external force is converted into a linearly changing force, the transient change of deflection caused by the influence of the force on any point of the cantilever beam 131 is also linear.
The deflection ω of the free end 1312 of the constant strength cantilever beam 131 is calculated as:
wherein F is external force, m0Is the length of the cantilever beam 131, b0Is the width of the fixed end 1311 of the cantilevered beam 131, h is the thickness of the cantilevered beam 131, and E is the modulus of elasticity of the material of the cantilevered beam 131.
Meanwhile, the calculation formula of the strain amount at the position of the surface of the measuring section 1313 of the constant-strength cantilever beam 131, which is spaced from the fixed end 1311 by m, is as follows:
wherein ε is the strain of cantilever 131 at a distance m from the fixed end 1311, and AmThe cross-sectional area of the cantilever beam 131 at a distance m from the fixed end 1311.
The formula for calculating the cross-sectional area of the cantilever beam 131 at the distance m from the fixed end 1311 is:
the calculation formula of the strain amount of the cantilever beam 131 at the interval m from the fixed end 1311 can be simplified as follows:
from the simplified calculation formula of the strain amount at the position of the cantilever 131 spaced from the fixed end 1311 by m and the calculation formula of the deflection ω of the free end 1312 of the cantilever 131 with equal strength, the calculation relation between the strain amount ε at the position of the cantilever 131 spaced from the fixed end 1311 by m and the deflection ω of the free end 1312 of the cantilever 131 with equal strength can be obtained as follows:
it can be seen that, under the premise that the deflection ω of the free end 1312 of the cantilever beam 131 is unchanged, the surface strain amount ε at the position spaced from the fixed end 1311 by m on the cantilever beam 131 is only equal to the length m of the cantilever beam 1310The strain quantity of each position on the constant-strength cantilever beam 131 is the same, so that the strain gauge 132 can measure the bending strain of the surface of the cantilever beam 131 more accurately, which is beneficial to improving the measurement precision.
In one embodiment, the height of the inclined surface 1211 of the slider 121 near one end of the connecting rod 122 is less than the height of the other end of the connecting rod 122, and the end of the slider 121 connected to the connecting rod 122 is a zero point of displacement of the slider 121, when the free end 1312 of the cantilever beam 131 just contacts the inclined surface 1211 of the slider 121.
Specifically, the strain gauge 132 employs a high-precision temperature self-compensating resistance strain gauge.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, a plurality of through holes 1314 are opened on the surface of the measuring section 1313 of the cantilever beam 131 to form a cross beam 1315, and the strain gauge 132 is attached and fixed in the strain region of the cross beam 1315. The vertical displacement generated by the vibration isolation support during movement is far smaller than the transverse displacement, and the smaller vertical displacement monitoring requires higher strain sensitivity.
From the calculated relationship between the deflection ω of the free end 1312 of the cantilever beam 131 and the translational displacement Δ L of the slider 121, and the calculated relationship between the strain amount ε at the distance m between the cantilever beam 131 and the fixed end 1311 and the deflection ω of the free end 1312 of the cantilever beam 131 of constant strength, the calculated relationship between the surface strain amount ε of the measurement section 1313 of the cantilever beam 131 and the translational displacement Δ L of the slider 121 can be obtained as follows:
the magnitude of the surface strain epsilon of the measurement section 1313 of the cantilever beam 131 and the length m of the cantilever beam 1310And thickness h. By increasing the thickness h of the cantilever beam 131 or decreasing the length m of the cantilever beam 131 in the conventional method0To increase the surface strain of the cantilever beam 131, but this changes the dimensions of the cantilever beam 131, thereby affecting the displacement measurement span of the cantilever beam 131.
In this embodiment, due to the limitation of size and volume, the strain sensitivity of the displacement measurement module 1 can be improved by forming the through hole 1314 on the cantilever beam 131 with equal strength to increase the structure of the cross beam 1315 without changing the length and thickness of the original cantilever beam 131, that is, without affecting the range of the displacement measurement module 1, so that the displacement measurement sensitivity of the three-dimensional displacement measurement device 100 is improved, and the requirement of displacement monitoring of the seismic isolation support is met. The cantilever beam 131 of the embodiment overcomes the defect that the conventional method of increasing the surface strain of the beam by increasing the thickness of the beam or reducing the length of the beam changes the size of the beam, thereby affecting the displacement measurement range of the beam.
Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 5, the strain gauges 132 are symmetrically attached to opposite side surfaces of the measurement section 1313 of the cantilever beam 131.
In this embodiment, by attaching the strain gauges 132 to the two opposite side surfaces of the cantilever beam 131, when the surface of the cantilever beam 131 deforms, the strain gauges 132 on one side surface are compressed, and the strain gauges 132 on the other side surface are stretched, so that the strain sensitivity of the displacement measurement module 1 can be further improved by adopting the structural design; meanwhile, the strain gauges 132 on the surfaces of two sides can be connected with a half-bridge differential bridge circuit, the temperature compensation function of the detection result is realized by adopting a differential design, the resistance value of the resistance strain gauge is fully considered to be possibly influenced by temperature, the influence of the temperature on the measurement result is avoided, and the accuracy and reliability of the measurement result are ensured.
As shown in fig. 9, a circuit diagram of a half bridge differential bridge is shown. In the figure, R1And R2The resistance value, Δ R, of the strain gauge 132 attached to the opposite side surfaces of the cantilever beam 1311And Δ R2The resistance variation R is the resistance variation when the strain gauge 132 attached to the two opposite side surfaces of the cantilever beam 131 generates deformation strain3And R4Is a parallel resistor, UIFor the input voltage, U0Is the output voltage. When R is1＝R2，R3＝R4When is Δ R1＝ΔR2，
So as to obtain an output voltage U0The surface strain ε of the measurement section 1313 of cantilever beam 131 can be calculated as follows:
in the formula, k is a sensitivity coefficient of the resistance strain gauge.
According to the output voltage U0The output voltage U can be obtained by a calculation relation between the surface strain epsilon of the measurement section 1313 of the cantilever beam 131 and the translational displacement Delta L of the sliding part 1210The calculation relationship with the translational displacement of the slider 121 is as follows:
through ANSYS software simulation analysis, after the cantilever beam 131 is added with the cross beam 1315 through the through hole 1314, a large strain area appears near the cross beam 1315, and the strain gauges 132 are respectively adhered to the upper side and the lower side of the strain area of the cross beam 1315; when the surface of the cantilever beam 131 deforms, the strain gauge 132 on the lower surface of the cantilever beam 131 is compressed, and the strain gauge 132 on the upper surface of the cantilever beam 131 is stretched.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 10, the angle measuring module 2 includes a rotating connector 21, a first connecting component 22 and an angle detecting component, the rotating connector 21 is rotatably connected to one end of the displacement measuring module 1 in the length direction, and the relative rotation axis of the rotating connector 21 and the displacement measuring module 1 is perpendicular to the length direction of the displacement measuring module 1; the first connecting component 22 is rotatably connected to the rotating connecting piece 21, the relative rotation axis of the rotating connecting piece 21 and the first connecting component 22 is perpendicular to the length direction of the displacement measuring module 1 and the relative rotation axis of the rotating connecting piece 21 and the displacement measuring module 1, and one end of the first connecting component 22, which is far away from the rotating connecting piece 21, is used for being connected with the measured object 200; the angle detection assembly is used to detect a first rotation angle of the rotating link 21 relative to the first link assembly 22 and a second rotation angle of the rotating link 21 relative to the displacement measuring module 1.
In this embodiment, rotate connecting piece 21 simultaneously and rotate with displacement measurement module 1 and first connecting component 22 through setting up and be connected, form the cross axle structure on rotating connecting piece 21, realize the separation of the rotatory motion in two directions of perpendicular to displacement measurement module 1 length, conveniently measure the rotation angle change of displacement measurement module 1 in two directions, and then can carry out three-dimensional decomposition through the length direction displacement that trigonometric function relation operation detected displacement measurement module 1, realize the three direction displacement of disposable measurement.
In one embodiment, the first connection assembly 22 and the displacement measuring module 1 are respectively connected to two adjacent sides of the rotating connection member 21, which are perpendicular to each other.
Specifically, the angle detecting assembly includes two angle detecting devices, such as angle sensors, which are respectively disposed at the rotation connection position of the displacement measuring module 1 and the rotation connection member 21, and the rotation connection position of the first connection assembly 22 and the rotation connection member 21.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 10, the first connection assembly 22 includes a fixed seat 221, a first link 222 and a first connection fork 223, the fixed seat 221 is used for being fixedly connected with the object to be measured 200, one end of the first link 222 is vertically connected with the fixed seat 221 and can rotate around its axis, and the other end of the first link 222 is connected with the first connection fork 223; an end of the first link fork 223 remote from the first link 222 is rotatably connected to opposite sides of the rotational link 21.
In one embodiment, the first connecting member 22 further comprises a bearing, and the first connecting rod 222 is rotatably connected to the fixing base 221 through the bearing.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 10, the displacement measurement module 1 further includes a second connection assembly 14, the second connection assembly 14 includes a flange coupler 141, a second connection rod 142 and a second connection fork 143, the flange coupler 141 is fixedly connected to one end of the main body 11 in the length direction, one end of the second connection rod 142 is vertically connected to the flange coupler 141 and can rotate around the axis thereof, the other end of the second connection rod 142 is connected to the second connection fork 143, and the second connection rod 142 is parallel to the length direction of the main body 11; one end of the second connecting fork 143 away from the second link 142 is rotatably connected to opposite sides of the rotating link 21; and the side of the rotary connector 21 connected to the first yoke 223 is perpendicular to the side connected to the second yoke 143.
The three-dimensional displacement measuring device 100 is applied to the field of displacement monitoring of the vibration isolation support, the three-dimensional displacement measuring device 100 is designed by adopting a direct coupling structure, displacement change of the vibration isolation support directly acts on two parts of displacement measurement and angle measurement through the translation assembly 12, displacement in three directions can be measured at one time, and real-time three-dimensional displacement measurement in the motion state process of the vibration isolation support can be realized by the single three-dimensional displacement measuring device 100.
As shown in fig. 11, based on the three-dimensional displacement measuring device 100 of the above embodiment, the present invention further provides a method for monitoring displacement of a seismic isolation bearing, including the following steps:
firstly, one end of the displacement measuring module 1 of the three-dimensional displacement measuring device 100 in the length direction is fixedly connected with one connecting plate 301 of the vibration isolation support 300, and one end of the angle measuring module 2, which is far away from the displacement measuring module 1, is connected with the other connecting plate 301 of the vibration isolation support 300, so that the three-dimensional displacement measuring device 100 is installed between the two connecting plates 301 of the vibration isolation support 300.
Step two, determining the initial length L of the displacement measuring module 10And determining a first initial inclination angle alpha of the length direction of the displacement measurement module 1 relative to the height direction of the vibration-isolating support 300 along a first direction0And a second initial tilt angle beta in a second direction0The first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other, and the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to the height direction of the seismic isolation bearing 300.
Preferably, the three-dimensional displacement measuring device 100 is vertically installed on the vibration-isolating support 300, that is, the length direction of the displacement measuring module 1 is perpendicular to the connecting plate 301 of the vibration-isolating support 300, and the length direction of the displacement measuring module 1 is parallel to the height direction of the vibration-isolating support 300, so that α is0＝β0＝0。
And step three, acquiring the relative displacement delta L of the two connecting plates 301 of the vibration-isolating support 300 detected by the displacement measuring module 1 along the length direction of the displacement measuring module 1, and the first rotation angle alpha around the first axis and the second rotation angle beta around the second axis of the displacement measuring module 1 detected by the angle measuring module 2 in real time.
When the vibration-isolating support 300 generates three-dimensional composite displacement motion, the three-dimensional displacement measuring device 100 is influenced by the displacement change of the vibration-isolating support 300, the displacement measuring module 1 and the angle measuring module 2 are driven to change together, the displacement measuring module 1 measures the relative displacement delta L in the length direction, and the angle measuring module 2 measures a first rotation angle alpha and a second rotation angle beta simultaneously. The data acquisition unit 400 is connected to the three-dimensional displacement measurement device 100 to acquire the relative displacement Δ L and the first and second rotation angles α and β in real time.
Step three, according to the initial length L of the displacement measuring module 10The first initial inclination angle alpha of the length direction of the displacement measurement module 1 relative to the height direction of the vibration-isolating support 300 along the first direction0And a second initial inclination angle beta in a second direction0And relative displacement delta L of the two connecting plates 301 of the seismic isolation support 300 along the length direction of the displacement measurement module 1, a first rotation angle alpha of the displacement measurement module 1 around a first axis and a second rotation angle alpha around a second axis, which are acquired in real timeCalculating a three-dimensional displacement component of the seismic isolation support 300 at the current moment by the second rotation angle beta;
wherein, the calculation formula of the three-dimensional displacement component is as follows:
Lt＝L0+ΔL
ΔXt＝Ltcosαsinβ-L0cosα0sinβ0
ΔYt＝Ltcosαcosβ-L0cosα0cosβ0
ΔZt＝Ltsinα-L0sinα0
wherein, Δ Xt、ΔYt、ΔZtNamely, the three-dimensional displacement measurement value of the seismic isolation bearing 300 measured at the current time t.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A three-dimensional displacement measuring device for measuring three-dimensional relative displacement between two measured objects, comprising: the displacement measuring module and the angle measuring module;
one end of the displacement measuring module in the length direction is used for being connected with one measured object, the angle measuring module is connected to the other end of the displacement measuring module in the length direction, and one end of the angle measuring module, which is far away from the displacement measuring module, is used for being connected with the other measured object;
the displacement measuring module is used for measuring the relative displacement of the two measured objects along the length direction of the displacement measuring module;
the angle measuring module is used for measuring a first relative rotation angle of the displacement measuring module around a first axis and a second relative rotation angle of the displacement measuring module around a second axis, and the first axis and the second axis are perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the length direction of the displacement measuring module.
2. The three-dimensional displacement measuring device according to claim 1,
the displacement measurement module comprises a main body, a translation assembly and a displacement detection assembly, the length direction of the main body is the length direction of the displacement measurement module, and one end of the main body in the length direction is connected with the angle measurement module; the translation assembly is mounted on the main body and can move in a translation mode along the length direction of the main body relative to the main body, and the translation assembly is used for being fixedly connected with the object to be measured; the displacement detection assembly is used for detecting the relative translational displacement of the translation assembly and the main body.
3. The three-dimensional displacement measuring device according to claim 2,
the translation assembly comprises a sliding part, the sliding part is connected to the main body in a sliding mode and can slide in a translation mode along the length direction of the main body, and the sliding part is further provided with an inclined surface extending obliquely along the sliding direction; the displacement detection assembly is arranged on the main body and used for measuring the height of the inclined plane of the sliding part at a certain position on the main body.
4. The three-dimensional displacement measuring device according to claim 3,
the displacement detection assembly comprises a cantilever beam and a strain gauge, the cantilever beam comprises a fixed end, a free end and a measuring section for connecting the fixed end and the free end, the fixed end is fixedly connected with the main body, the measuring section is parallel to the sliding direction of the sliding part, the surface of the measuring section is opposite to the inclined plane, and the free end is in contact with the inclined plane; the strain gauge is attached and fixed on the surface of the measuring section.
5. The three-dimensional displacement measuring device according to claim 4,
the surface of the measuring section of the cantilever beam is provided with a plurality of through holes to form a cross beam, and the strain gauge is attached and fixed in a strain area of the cross beam.
6. The three-dimensional displacement measuring device according to claim 4,
the strain gauges are symmetrically attached and fixed on the two opposite side surfaces of the measuring section.
7. The three-dimensional displacement measuring device according to claim 3,
the main body comprises a base plate, wherein a guide connecting part is arranged on the base plate and extends along the length direction of the main body; the sliding piece is connected with the guide connecting part in a sliding mode and can slide along the guide connecting part.
8. The three-dimensional displacement measuring device according to claim 7,
the main part still includes the locating part, the slider still is provided with along the spacing portion of slip direction extension, the locating part set up in the base plate to can follow the direction of height on inclined plane with spacing portion butt, with the slider is spacing in guide connection portion.
9. The three-dimensional displacement measurement device according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
the angle measuring module comprises a rotating connecting piece, a first connecting assembly and an angle detecting assembly, the rotating connecting piece is rotatably connected to one end of the displacement measuring module in the length direction, and the relative rotating axis of the rotating connecting piece and the displacement measuring module is perpendicular to the length direction of the displacement measuring module; the first connecting assembly is rotatably connected to the rotating connecting piece, the relative rotating axis of the rotating connecting piece and the first connecting assembly is perpendicular to the length direction of the displacement measuring module and the relative rotating axis of the rotating connecting piece and the displacement measuring module, and one end of the first connecting assembly, which is far away from the rotating connecting piece, is used for being connected with the measured object; the angle detection assembly is used for detecting a first rotation angle of the rotating connecting piece relative to the first connecting assembly and a second rotation angle of the rotating connecting piece relative to the displacement measurement module.
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