CN216687792U - Waste water evaporation and concentration device containing ammonium chloride - Google Patents
Waste water evaporation and concentration device containing ammonium chloride Download PDFInfo
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- CN216687792U CN216687792U CN202123162266.0U CN202123162266U CN216687792U CN 216687792 U CN216687792 U CN 216687792U CN 202123162266 U CN202123162266 U CN 202123162266U CN 216687792 U CN216687792 U CN 216687792U
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Abstract
The utility model provides an ammonium chloride-containing wastewater evaporation concentration device, which is characterized in that: the device comprises a preheater, a primary condensation water tank, an evaporation device, a crystallizer and a centrifuge, wherein an ammonium chloride wastewater inlet is communicated with the preheater, and the preheater is respectively communicated with the evaporation device and the inlet of the primary condensation water tank; the evaporator comprises a heater and an evaporator, the heater is respectively communicated with the low-pressure steam inlet and the evaporator, and the heater is communicated with the preheater; the three groups of evaporation devices are communicated with each other; the evaporation plant is communicated with the crystallizer, the crystallizer is communicated with the centrifugal machine, and the centrifugal machine is communicated with the separated salt outlet. The utility model solves the problem of poor evaporation effect caused by lack of preheating effect before evaporation of the wastewater; the evaporation effect of the device is improved by adding the heater; and a circulating system is formed in the device, so that the evaporation system is more sufficient, and the energy consumption is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a wastewater evaporation and concentration device, in particular to an ammonium chloride-containing wastewater evaporation and concentration device.
Background
Ammonium chloride is a strong electrolyte, ammonium ions and chloride ions are ionized in water, the solution is weakly acidic, the acidity is enhanced after heating, and the solution is corrosive to ferrous metals. Due to the existence of ammonia nitrogen and chloride ions, if the ammonia nitrogen and the chloride ions are directly discharged without treatment, the water body is polluted. In the related ammonium chloride wastewater treatment process, a large heat transfer temperature difference is needed, the feeding amount, the preheating temperature and the heating vapor pressure are strictly controlled, and the stability of a liquid film is influenced. In addition, the shell is not easy to fall off after scaling, and the contact time of the ammonium chloride wastewater liquid and the heat exchange wall surface is long, so that the inner wall of the tube is easy to scale, and the concentration effect of the liquid is influenced. Therefore, the development of an ammonium chloride wastewater evaporation treatment device is a technical problem to be solved urgently in the industry, and the existing ammonium chloride wastewater evaporation treatment device lacks a preheating effect before evaporation, and the evaporation effect is poor.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides an ammonium chloride-containing wastewater evaporation concentration device aiming at the defects in the prior art, and aims to solve the problem that an ammonium chloride wastewater evaporation treatment device is poor in evaporation effect due to lack of a preheating effect before evaporation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an ammonium chloride-containing waste water evaporation concentration device which characterized in that: the system comprises a preheater, a primary condensation water tank, an evaporation device, a crystallizer and a centrifugal machine, wherein an ammonium chloride wastewater inlet is communicated with a first inlet of the preheater through a pipeline, a first outlet of the preheater is communicated with the evaporation device, a second outlet of the preheater is communicated with an inlet of the primary condensation water tank, a first tail gas outlet is formed in the upper end of the primary condensation water tank through a pipeline, and a low-pressure steam condensate water outlet is formed in the lower end of the primary condensation water tank;
the evaporation device comprises a heater and an evaporator, a first inlet at the upper end of the heater is communicated with a low-pressure steam inlet, a first outlet at the upper end of the heater is communicated with the lower end of the evaporator, a second outlet at the lower end of the heater is communicated with a second inlet of the preheater, and the lower end of the heater is communicated with the lower end of the evaporator through a pipeline; the evaporation device is provided with three groups, wherein the three groups comprise a first-effect heater, a second-effect heater, a third-effect heater, a first-effect evaporator, a second-effect evaporator and a third-effect evaporator, a first outlet at the upper end of the first-effect evaporator is communicated with a first inlet at the upper end of the second-effect heater, a first outlet at the upper end of the second-effect evaporator is communicated with a first inlet at the upper end of the third-effect heater, and a second outlet at the lower end of the first-effect heater is communicated with a second inlet of the preheater; the plant industrial water inlet is respectively communicated with the three groups of evaporation devices through pipelines and is connected to a pipeline through which the first outlet of the heater is communicated with the lower end of the evaporator, and the pipeline of the plant industrial water inlet is respectively communicated with the sewage discharge outlet and the thickener cleaning port; the lower ends of the heaters of the three groups of evaporation devices are further connected with pipelines communicated with the lower end of the evaporator; the triple-effect evaporator is provided with a second outlet, the second outlet is communicated with a first inlet of the crystallizer, a first outlet at the upper end of the crystallizer is communicated with a circulating water outlet, a second inlet at the lower end of the crystallizer is communicated with a circulating water inlet, a second outlet at the lower end of the crystallizer is communicated with a first inlet at the upper end of the centrifuge, a first outlet at the upper end of the centrifuge is communicated with a third tail gas outlet, and a second outlet at the lower end of the centrifuge is communicated with a separated salt outlet.
In order to optimize the technical scheme, the specific measures adopted further comprise:
further, a second outlet at the lower end of the secondary-effect heater is communicated with a first inlet at the lower end of the gas-liquid separation tank, a first outlet at the upper end of the gas-liquid separation tank is communicated with a fifth tail gas outlet, and a second outlet at the lower end of the gas-liquid separation tank is communicated with a second steam outlet.
Further, a second outlet at the lower end of the three-effect heater is communicated with a first inlet at the lower end of a liquid seal tank, a first outlet at the lower end of the liquid seal tank is communicated with a separation liquid tank, a first inlet at the upper end of the separation liquid tank is communicated with a third outlet at the lower end of the centrifuge, a first outlet at the upper end of the separation liquid tank is communicated with a fourth tail gas outlet, and a second outlet at the lower end of the separation liquid tank is communicated with the evaporation device and is connected to a pipeline at the lower end of the three-effect heater and the lower end of the three-effect evaporator; the second entry of liquid seal groove upper end communicates with the first export of condenser lower extreme, the first entry of condenser upper end with the first export intercommunication of triple effect evaporimeter upper end, the second export of condenser upper end with circulating water export intercommunication, the third export of condenser upper end and the first entry intercommunication of vacuum pump upper end, the first export of vacuum pump upper end and the first entry intercommunication of vacuum water pitcher upper end, the second entry and the cooling water entry intercommunication of vacuum water pitcher upper end, the first export and the second tail gas export intercommunication of vacuum water pitcher upper end, the second export of vacuum water pitcher lower extreme and the second entry intercommunication of vacuum pump lower extreme.
Furthermore, circulating pumps are additionally arranged on pipelines communicated between the heaters and the evaporators of the three groups of evaporation devices, and are respectively and correspondingly arranged on the pipelines communicated between the lower ends of the heaters and the lower ends of the evaporators.
Further, a primary steam condensate pump is arranged on a pipeline of the primary condensate tank and the low-pressure steam condensate outlet, a feed pump is arranged on a pipeline of the preheater and the ammonium chloride wastewater inlet, a primary condensate pump is arranged on a pipeline of the gas-liquid separation tank and the second steam outlet, a discharge pump is arranged on a pipeline of the triple-effect evaporator and the crystallizer, a water pump is arranged on a pipeline of the liquid seal tank and the separation liquid tank, and a return pump is arranged on a pipeline of the separation liquid tank and the evaporation device.
Further, still include cleaning system, cleaning system includes washing pipeline and nozzle, washing pipeline sets up the top at the device, cleaning system connects the compressed air entry, be provided with the several nozzle on the washing pipeline.
Further, a coil pipe for heating is arranged in the separation liquid tank, and a stirring device is matched with the coil pipe.
The utility model has the beneficial effects that: according to the ammonium chloride-containing wastewater evaporation concentration device, the heater is added, so that the evaporation effect of the device is improved; and a circulating system is formed in the device, so that the evaporation system is more sufficient, and the energy consumption is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an evaporative concentration apparatus for waste water containing ammonium chloride.
Reference numerals: 1-1 ammonium chloride wastewater inlet, 1-2 low-pressure steam inlet, 1-3 plant area industrial water inlet, 1-4 compressed air inlet, 1-5 circulating water inlet, 1-6 cooling water inlet, 1-7 low-pressure steam condensate water outlet, 1-8 first tail gas outlet, 1-9 blowdown outlet, 1-10 circulating water outlet, 1-11 second tail gas outlet, 1-12 third tail gas outlet, 1-13 separation salt outlet, 1-14 fourth tail gas outlet, 1-15 high-concentration material outlet, 1-16 first steam outlet, 1-17 second steam outlet, 1-18 fifth tail gas outlet, 2 preheater, 2-1 feeding pump, 3-1 one-effect heater, 3-2 parts of a first-effect evaporator, 3-3 parts of a first circulating pump, 4-1 parts of a second-effect heater, 4-2 parts of a second-effect evaporator, 4-3 parts of a second circulating pump, 5 parts of a gas-liquid separation tank, 5-1 parts of a first-effect condensate pump, 6-1 parts of a third-effect heater, 6-2 parts of a third-effect evaporator, 6-3 parts of a third circulating pump, 6-4 parts of a discharge pump, 7-1 parts of a liquid seal tank, 7-2 parts of a water pump, 8 parts of a condenser, 9 parts of a vacuum pump, 10 parts of a crystallizer, 11 parts of a centrifuge, 12 parts of a separation liquid tank, 12-1 parts of a return pump, 13 parts of a primary condensate tank, 13-1 parts of a primary steam condensate pump and 14 parts of a vacuum water tank.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", etc. used in the present invention are for clarity of description only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the utility model, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not limited by the scope of the utility model.
As shown in the attached drawings, the ammonium chloride-containing wastewater evaporation concentration device of the embodiment is characterized in that: comprises a preheater 2, a primary condensate tank 13, an evaporation plant, a crystallizer 10 and a centrifuge 11. The ammonium chloride wastewater inlet 1-1 is communicated with a first inlet of a preheater 2 through a pipeline, a first outlet of the preheater 2 is communicated with the evaporation device, a second outlet of the preheater 2 is communicated with an inlet of a primary condensation water tank 13, the upper end of the primary condensation water tank 13 is provided with a first tail gas outlet 1-8 through a pipeline, and the lower end of the primary condensation water tank 13 is provided with a low-pressure steam condensate water outlet 1-7.
The evaporation device comprises a heater and an evaporator, a first inlet at the upper end of the heater is communicated with a low-pressure steam inlet 1-2, a first outlet at the upper end of the heater is communicated with the lower end of the evaporator, a second outlet at the lower end of the heater is communicated with a second inlet of the preheater 2, and the lower end of the heater is communicated with the lower end of the evaporator through a pipeline.
The evaporation device is provided with three groups, including a first-effect heater 3-1, a second-effect heater 4-1, a third-effect heater 6-1, a first-effect evaporator 3-2, a second-effect evaporator 4-2 and a third-effect evaporator 6-2. A first outlet at the upper end of the first-effect evaporator 3-2 is communicated with a first inlet at the upper end of the second-effect heater 4-1, a first outlet at the upper end of the second-effect evaporator 4-2 is communicated with a first inlet at the upper end of the third-effect heater 6-1, so that the three groups of evaporation devices are connected in series, and a second outlet at the lower end of the first-effect heater 3-1 is communicated with a second inlet of the preheater 2, so that the preheater 2 is communicated with the three groups of evaporation devices;
the plant industrial water inlet 1-3 is respectively communicated with the three groups of evaporation devices through pipelines and is connected to a pipeline for communicating the first outlet of the heater with the lower end of the evaporator, and the pipeline of the plant industrial water inlet 1-3 is respectively communicated with the sewage discharge outlet 1-9 and the thickener cleaning port; the lower ends of the heaters of the three groups of evaporation devices are further connected with pipelines communicated with the lower end of the evaporator, so that circulation is increased;
the triple-effect evaporator 6-2 is provided with a second outlet, the second outlet is communicated with a first inlet of the crystallizer 10, a first outlet at the upper end of the crystallizer 10 is communicated with a circulating water outlet 1-10, a second inlet at the lower end of the crystallizer 10 is communicated with a circulating water inlet 1-5, a second outlet at the lower end of the crystallizer 10 is communicated with a first inlet at the upper end of the centrifuge 11, a first outlet at the upper end of the centrifuge 11 is communicated with a third tail gas outlet 1-12, and a second outlet at the lower end of the centrifuge 11 is communicated with a separated salt outlet 1-13.
The second outlet at the lower end of the secondary heater 4-1 is communicated with the first inlet at the lower end of the gas-liquid separation tank 5, the first outlet at the upper end of the gas-liquid separation tank 5 is communicated with the fifth tail gas outlet 1-18, and the second outlet at the lower end of the gas-liquid separation tank 5 is communicated with the second steam outlet 1-17.
A second outlet at the lower end of the three-effect heater 6-1 is communicated with a first inlet at the lower end of a liquid seal tank 7-1, a first outlet at the lower end of the liquid seal tank 7-1 is communicated with a separation liquid tank 12, a first inlet at the upper end of the separation liquid tank 12 is communicated with a third outlet at the lower end of the centrifuge 11, a first outlet at the upper end of the separation liquid tank 12 is communicated with a fourth tail gas outlet 1-14, a second outlet at the lower end of the separation liquid tank 12 is communicated with the evaporation device and is connected to a pipeline communicated with the lower end of the three-effect heater 6-1 and the lower end of the three-effect evaporator 6-2, so that liquid after high-concentration separation is returned to a system, and water evaporated by the separation liquid tank 12 can be further recycled; the inside of the separation liquid tank 12 is provided with a coil pipe for heating and a stirring device.
A second inlet at the upper end of the liquid seal tank 7-1 is communicated with a first outlet at the lower end of a condenser 8, a first inlet at the upper end of the condenser 8 is communicated with a first outlet at the upper end of a triple-effect evaporator 6-2, a second outlet at the upper end of the condenser 8 is communicated with a circulating water outlet 1-10, a third outlet at the upper end of the condenser 8 is communicated with a first inlet at the upper end of a vacuum pump 9, a first outlet at the upper end of the vacuum pump 9 is communicated with a first inlet at the upper end of a vacuum water tank 14, a second inlet at the upper end of the vacuum water tank 14 is communicated with a cooling water inlet 1-6, a first outlet at the upper end of the vacuum water tank 14 is communicated with a second tail gas outlet 1-11, and a second outlet at the lower end of the vacuum water tank 14 is communicated with a second inlet at the lower end of the vacuum pump 9; wherein, the evaporated condensate enters a liquid seal tank 7-1 and is discharged for recycling through a water pump 7-2.
The circulating pumps are additionally arranged on the pipelines communicated between the heaters and the evaporators of the three groups of evaporation devices and are respectively and correspondingly arranged on the pipelines communicated between the lower ends of the heaters and the lower ends of the evaporators, so that partial crystals are prevented from being separated out in the evaporation process, and the crystallized materials can be prevented from being adhered to the inner wall of the heating pipe by additionally arranging the forced circulating pumps.
A primary steam condensate pump 13-1 is arranged on a pipeline through which the primary condensate tank 13 is communicated with a low-pressure steam condensate outlet 1-7, a feed pump 2-1 is arranged on a pipeline through which the preheater 2 is communicated with an ammonium chloride wastewater inlet 1-1, a primary condensate pump 5-1 is arranged on a pipeline through which the gas-liquid separation tank 5 is communicated with a second steam outlet 1-17, a discharge pump 6-4 is arranged on a pipeline through which the triple-effect evaporator 6-2 is communicated with the crystallizer 10, a water pump 7-2 is arranged on a pipeline through which the liquid seal tank 7-1 is communicated with a separation liquid tank 12, and a return pump 12-1 is arranged on a pipeline through which the separation liquid tank 12 is communicated with the evaporation device, so that circulation is controlled and power is increased.
The ammonium chloride-containing wastewater evaporative concentration device of the embodiment further comprises a cleaning system, wherein the cleaning system comprises a cleaning pipeline and nozzles, the cleaning pipeline is arranged above the device and is connected with the compressed air inlet 1-4, the cleaning pipeline is provided with a plurality of nozzles, and the cleaning system is additionally arranged aiming at the design of equipment and equipment by considering the characteristics of the water quality so as to ensure that the mechanical cleaning period of the device is not less than 10 days, the cleaning time is not more than 8 hours/time, and the cleaning system can be used for flushing or purging.
When in use, the waste water containing ammonium chloride from the outer pipe is metered by a flow meter through a feed pump 2-1 and then enters a preheater 2 and then enters a first-effect heater 3-1 to be evaporated in a first-effect evaporator 3-2, and the evaporated secondary steam is used by a second-effect heater 4-1; due to the vacuum effect, the solution evaporated by the first-effect evaporator 3-2 enters the second-effect heater 4-1 to be heated again and enters the second-effect evaporator 4-2 to be evaporated, and similarly enters the third-effect heater 6-1 and the third-effect evaporator 6-2. In the evaporation process, a forced circulation pump is additionally arranged at the lower part of each group of evaporation devices in consideration of the precipitation of partial crystals, so that the crystallized materials are prevented from being adhered to the inner wall of the heating pipe. The crystal slurry enters a crystallizer 10 through a discharge pump 6-4, the material at the lower part enters a centrifuge 11 to separate mixed salt, and the separated liquid of the centrifuge 11 returns to an evaporation system.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the utility model may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the utility model.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides an ammonium chloride-containing waste water evaporation concentration device which characterized in that: the device comprises a preheater (2), a primary condensation water tank (13), an evaporation device, a crystallizer (10) and a centrifuge (11), wherein an ammonium chloride wastewater inlet (1-1) is communicated with a first inlet of the preheater (2) through a pipeline, a first outlet of the preheater (2) is communicated with the evaporation device, a second outlet of the preheater (2) is communicated with an inlet of the primary condensation water tank (13), a first tail gas outlet (1-8) is formed in the upper end of the primary condensation water tank (13) through a pipeline, and a low-pressure steam condensation water outlet (1-7) is formed in the lower end of the primary condensation water tank (13);
the evaporation device comprises a heater and an evaporator, a first inlet at the upper end of the heater is communicated with a low-pressure steam inlet (1-2), a first outlet at the upper end of the heater is communicated with the lower end of the evaporator, a second outlet at the lower end of the heater is communicated with a second inlet of the preheater (2), and the lower end of the heater is communicated with the lower end of the evaporator through a pipeline; the evaporation device is provided with three groups, which comprise a first-effect heater (3-1), a second-effect heater (4-1), a third-effect heater (6-1), a first-effect evaporator (3-2), a second-effect evaporator (4-2) and a third-effect evaporator (6-2), wherein a first outlet at the upper end of the first-effect evaporator (3-2) is communicated with a first inlet at the upper end of the second-effect heater (4-1), a first outlet at the upper end of the second-effect evaporator (4-2) is communicated with a first inlet at the upper end of the third-effect heater (6-1), and a second outlet at the lower end of the first-effect heater (3-1) is communicated with a second inlet of the preheater (2); the plant industrial water inlet (1-3) is respectively communicated with the three groups of evaporation devices through pipelines and is connected to a pipeline for communicating the first outlet of the heater with the lower end of the evaporator, and the pipeline of the plant industrial water inlet (1-3) is respectively communicated with the sewage discharge outlet (1-9) and the thickener cleaning port; the lower ends of the heaters of the three groups of evaporation devices are further connected with pipelines communicated with the lower end of the evaporator; the triple-effect evaporator (6-2) is provided with a second outlet, the second outlet is communicated with a first inlet of the crystallizer (10), a first outlet at the upper end of the crystallizer (10) is communicated with a circulating water outlet (1-10), a second inlet at the lower end of the crystallizer (10) is communicated with a circulating water inlet (1-5), a second outlet at the lower end of the crystallizer (10) is communicated with a first inlet at the upper end of the centrifugal machine (11), a first outlet at the upper end of the centrifugal machine (11) is communicated with a third tail gas outlet (1-12), and a second outlet at the lower end of the centrifugal machine (11) is communicated with a separated salt outlet (1-13).
2. The evaporative concentration device for waste water containing ammonium chloride, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: a second outlet at the lower end of the secondary heater (4-1) is communicated with a first inlet at the lower end of the gas-liquid separation tank (5), a first outlet at the upper end of the gas-liquid separation tank (5) is communicated with a fifth tail gas outlet (1-18), and a second outlet at the lower end of the gas-liquid separation tank (5) is communicated with a second steam outlet (1-17).
3. The evaporative concentration device for waste water containing ammonium chloride, according to claim 2, is characterized in that: a second outlet at the lower end of the three-effect heater (6-1) is communicated with a first inlet at the lower end of a liquid seal tank (7-1), a first outlet at the lower end of the liquid seal tank (7-1) is communicated with a separation liquid tank (12), a first inlet at the upper end of the separation liquid tank (12) is communicated with a third outlet at the lower end of the centrifugal machine (11), a first outlet at the upper end of the separation liquid tank (12) is communicated with a fourth tail gas outlet (1-14), a second outlet at the lower end of the separation liquid tank (12) is communicated with the evaporation device and is connected to a pipeline at the lower end of the three-effect heater (6-1) and the lower end of the three-effect evaporator (6-2); a second inlet at the upper end of the liquid seal groove (7-1) is communicated with a first outlet at the lower end of the condenser (8), a first inlet at the upper end of the condenser (8) is communicated with a first outlet at the upper end of the three-effect evaporator (6-2), a second outlet at the upper end of the condenser (8) is communicated with the circulating water outlet (1-10), a third outlet at the upper end of the condenser (8) is communicated with a first inlet at the upper end of a vacuum pump (9), a first outlet at the upper end of the vacuum pump (9) is communicated with a first inlet at the upper end of the vacuum water tank (14), a second inlet at the upper end of the vacuum water tank (14) is communicated with a cooling water inlet (1-6), a first outlet at the upper end of the vacuum water tank (14) is communicated with a second tail gas outlet (1-11), and a second outlet at the lower end of the vacuum water tank (14) is communicated with a second inlet at the lower end of the vacuum pump (9).
4. The evaporative concentration device for waste water containing ammonium chloride, according to claim 3, is characterized in that: and circulating pumps are additionally arranged on pipelines communicated between the heaters and the evaporators of the three groups of evaporation devices and are respectively and correspondingly arranged on the pipelines communicated between the lower ends of the heaters and the lower ends of the evaporators of the groups.
5. The evaporative concentration device for waste water containing ammonium chloride, according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the device is characterized in that a primary steam condensate pump (13-1) is arranged on a pipeline communicated with the primary condensate tank (13) and the low-pressure steam condensate outlet (1-7), a feed pump (2-1) is arranged on a pipeline communicated with the ammonium chloride wastewater inlet (1-1) of the preheater (2), a primary steam condensate pump (5-1) is arranged on a pipeline communicated with the second steam outlet (1-17) of the gas-liquid separation tank (5), a discharge pump (6-4) is arranged on a pipeline communicated with the crystallizer (10) of the triple-effect evaporator (6-2), a water pump (7-2) is arranged on a pipeline communicated with the liquid seal tank (7-1) and the separation liquid tank (12), and a material return pump (12-1) is arranged on a pipeline communicated with the evaporation device of the separation liquid tank (12).
6. The evaporative concentration device for waste water containing ammonium chloride, according to claim 5, is characterized in that: and a coil pipe for heating is arranged in the separation liquid tank (12), and a stirring device is matched with the coil pipe.
7. The evaporative concentration apparatus for waste water containing ammonium chloride according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: the cleaning device is characterized by further comprising a cleaning system, wherein the cleaning system comprises a cleaning pipeline and nozzles, the cleaning pipeline is arranged above the cleaning device, the cleaning system is connected with compressed air inlets (1-4), and the cleaning pipeline is provided with a plurality of nozzles.
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CN202123162266.0U CN216687792U (en) | 2021-12-16 | 2021-12-16 | Waste water evaporation and concentration device containing ammonium chloride |
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CN202123162266.0U CN216687792U (en) | 2021-12-16 | 2021-12-16 | Waste water evaporation and concentration device containing ammonium chloride |
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