CN216586446U - Flood discharge tunnel aeration structure - Google Patents
Flood discharge tunnel aeration structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN216586446U CN216586446U CN202123022045.3U CN202123022045U CN216586446U CN 216586446 U CN216586446 U CN 216586446U CN 202123022045 U CN202123022045 U CN 202123022045U CN 216586446 U CN216586446 U CN 216586446U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a flood discharge tunnel aeration structure, which comprises a flood discharge tunnel, an aeration tunnel, an annular aeration pipe, an annular aeration ridge and a plurality of aeration branch pipes, wherein the aeration branch pipes are arranged on the annular aeration ridge; the annular aerator is arranged on the inner side of the wall surface of the flood discharge tunnel, and the annular vent pipe is arranged on the outer side of the wall surface of the flood discharge tunnel; the lower stream of the annular aerator is provided with the ventilation hole, the ventilation hole is communicated with the external atmosphere, and the air outlet end of the ventilation hole is communicated with the air inlet end of the annular ventilation pipe; the bottom, the side wall and the top of the flood discharge tunnel are communicated with the annular vent pipe through the plurality of vent branch pipes; the plurality of branch ventilation pipes are communicated with an aeration cavity formed at the downstream of the annular aerator. The structure forms a multi-independent channel, multi-node and combined air supply three-dimensional air supply network, and is suitable for open flow and pressurized flow states of a flood discharge tunnel; meanwhile, the structure is simple, construction is convenient, airflow organization is smooth, and the characteristics of high water head, large flow, long distance and high requirement on ventilation rate of the flood discharge tunnel are met.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, in particular to a flood discharge tunnel aeration structure.
Background
For large flood discharge tunnel engineering, when the water flow velocity of a concrete overflow surface reaches 30m/s, the flood discharge tunnel faces huge cavitation damage risks. In order to reduce and avoid the risk of cavitation erosion damage, the air entrainment and erosion reduction facility arranged on the concrete flow-through wall surface is an economic and effective technical measure and is proved by a large amount of practical works.
At present, the arrangement forms of aeration erosion-reducing facilities of flood spillways are roughly divided into the following three types: bottom aeration, side wall aeration and the combination of the bottom aeration and the side wall aeration. The guide effect of the flip bucket or the drop bucket is utilized to enable the high-speed water flow to form a stable aeration cavity or a negative pressure cavity with a certain length on the downstream side of the flip bucket or the drop bucket, the aeration cavity or the negative pressure cavity sucks external air into the cavity through a communicated ventilation pipeline, and the water flow cuts and sucks air coils into the water body to form aeration water flow, so that the aim of protecting the concrete flow-through wall surface is fulfilled.
The existing aeration and corrosion reduction facilities are only suitable for aeration and corrosion reduction of the free-flow state of the spillway tunnel.
Most of newly built flood discharging tunnels in China have high water head, large flow and long distance. The method has the advantages that high requirements are provided for the ventilation and air supplement amount of the bottom, the side wall and the tunnel top, particularly when the water level amplitude of the tunnel opening of the flood discharge tunnel is large, the flood discharge tunnel can have a free flow state or a pressure flow state, but the existing aeration corrosion-reducing facility cannot be used for aeration corrosion-reducing of the pressure flow state of the flood discharge tunnel.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to provide a flood discharge tunnel aeration structure which can be simultaneously suitable for a free-flow state and a pressure flow state of a flood discharge tunnel so as to solve the problems that the water level amplitude of an inlet of the flood discharge tunnel is large and the free-flow state or the pressure flow state of water flow of the flood discharge tunnel can occur.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the technical scheme that: a flood discharge tunnel aeration structure comprises a flood discharge tunnel, an aeration tunnel, an annular aeration pipe, an annular aeration ridge and a plurality of aeration branch pipes;
the annular aerator is arranged on the inner side of the wall surface of the flood discharge tunnel, and the annular vent pipe is arranged on the outer side of the wall surface of the flood discharge tunnel;
the downstream of the annular aerator is provided with the ventilation hole, the air inlet end of the ventilation hole is communicated with the external atmosphere, and the air outlet end of the ventilation hole is communicated with the air inlet end of the annular ventilation pipe;
the bottom, the side wall and the top of the flood discharge tunnel are communicated with the annular vent pipe through the plurality of vent branch pipes;
the plurality of branch ventilation pipes are communicated with an aeration cavity formed at the downstream of the annular aerator.
Above-mentioned flood discharge hole structure of aerifing when the low water level of flood discharge hole, low discharge flood discharge, rivers present the open flow state, and the air current tissue at this moment is: the aeration branch pipe at the top of the flood discharge hole and the side wall aeration branch pipe partially higher than the water surface supply air to the top of the flood discharge hole, the free surface of the water flow sucks air entrainment, the aeration branch pipe at the side wall of the flood discharge hole lower than the water surface supplies air to an aeration cavity at the downstream of the annular aerator, the water flow shears the air entrainment, the aeration branch pipe at the bottom of the flood discharge hole supplies air to an aeration cavity at the bottom of the water flow, and the water flow shears the air entrainment; when flood discharge tunnel high water level, large-traffic flood discharge, rivers present to have the pressure flow state, and flood discharge tunnel rivers do not have free surface, and the air current organization at this moment is: the air outlet ends of all the air branch pipes are positioned in the air mixing cavity at the downstream of the aerator, external air is sucked into the cavity by negative pressure for air supply, water flow in the area of the air mixing cavity is in a shape of an air-facing jet flow nappe, and the periphery of the nappe is aerated into the water body through the shearing and entrainment; therefore, the aeration structure of the flood discharge tunnel can be simultaneously suitable for the free flow state and the pressure flow state of the flood discharge tunnel.
Furthermore, the plurality of the branch ventilation pipes comprise a plurality of groups of first branch ventilation pipes, second branch ventilation pipes and third branch ventilation pipes which are arranged at the left end and the right end of the flood discharge tunnel at the same height; the bottom, the side wall and the top of the flood discharge tunnel are communicated with the annular vent pipe through the first vent branch pipe, the second vent branch pipe and the third vent branch pipe respectively.
Furthermore, the middle part of the side wall of the flood discharge tunnel is communicated with the annular vent pipe through the second vent branch pipe. Therefore, the ventilation branch pipes are arranged on the two sides of the flood discharge tunnel side by side in a dispersing mode, the uniform air inlet of the flood discharge tunnel can be guaranteed, when part of the ventilation branch pipes are blocked, the water flow air supply can be continuously carried out, and the ventilation reliability can be improved.
Further, the top end of the first ventilation branch pipe is flush with the top end of the flood discharge tunnel; and the bottom ends of the third air branch pipes are flush with the bottom end of the flood discharge tunnel. Therefore, the first ventilation branch pipe and the third ventilation branch pipe are located in the ventilation cavity at the downstream of the annular aerator and farthest away from the outflow position of the flood discharge hole, and water flow can be prevented from diffusing and impacting the inside of the ventilation branch pipes through the annular aerator.
Further, the cross-sectional area of the vent hole is twice of the cross-sectional area of the pipeline of the annular vent pipe; the pipeline cross-sectional area of the annular vent pipe is equal to the sum of the pipeline cross-sectional areas of the plurality of vent branch pipes. Therefore, when one side of the annular vent pipe is blocked, the effective ventilation flow area can still be maintained.
Further, the radial ridge height of the annular aerator is 0.2-1.0 m, and the horizontal length of the annular aerator is 2-20 m; the ratio of the radial ridge height to the horizontal length of the annular aerator is 0.05-0.1. Therefore, the water flow of the flood discharge tunnel is ensured not to change sharply at the position of the annular aerator, and the normal aeration of the aeration structure of the flood discharge tunnel is ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that:
the structure of the utility model forms a multi-independent channel, multi-node and combined air supply three-dimensional air supply network, can be simultaneously suitable for the open flow and pressurized flow state of the flood discharge tunnel, and has remarkable advancement and beneficial effects;
the utility model has simple structure, convenient construction and smooth airflow organization, and can simultaneously meet the characteristics of high water head, large flow, long distance and high requirement on ventilation and air supplement amount of the flood discharge tunnel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken at B-B in fig. 1.
In the figure: 1. a flood discharge tunnel; 2. a ventilation hole; 3. an annular vent pipe; 4. an annular aerator; 5. a first vent leg; 6. a second vent leg; 7. a third vent leg; 8. an air entrainment cavity; A. a sectioning symbol; B. the symbol is cut.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. For convenience of description, the words "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" in the following description are used only to indicate the correspondence between the upper, lower, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure.
As shown in fig. 1-4, an aeration structure of a spillway tunnel according to this embodiment includes a spillway tunnel 1, an aeration tunnel 2, an annular aeration pipe 3, an annular aeration ridge 4, a first aeration branch pipe 5, a second aeration branch pipe 6, a third aeration branch pipe 7, and an aeration cavity 8.
The overflow section of the flood discharge tunnel 1 is circular, and the diameter of the overflow section is 10 m. The annular aerator 4 is arranged on the inner side of the wall surface of the flood discharge tunnel 1, and the annular vent pipe 3 is arranged on the outer side of the wall surface of the flood discharge tunnel 1.
The downstream of the annular aerator 4 is provided with the vent hole 2, and the air inlet end of the vent hole 2 is communicated with the external atmosphere. The diameter of the cross section of the vent hole 2 is 1.04m, and the area of the cross section of the vent hole 2 is0.84m2。
The air outlet end of the ventilation hole 2 is communicated with the air inlet end of the annular ventilation pipe 3, the diameter of the pipeline of the annular ventilation pipe 3 is 0.73m, and the cross section area of the pipeline of the annular ventilation pipe 3 is 0.42m2。
The bottom, the side wall and the top of the flood discharge tunnel 1 are communicated with the annular vent pipe 3 through a plurality of vent branch pipes. The plurality of branch ventilation pipes are communicated with an aeration cavity 8 formed at the downstream of the annular aerator 4. The diameter of the pipeline of each branch vent pipe is 0.3m, and the cross-sectional area of the pipeline of each branch vent pipe is 0.07m2。
The plurality of branch ventilation pipes comprise two first branch ventilation pipes 5, two second branch ventilation pipes 6 and two third branch ventilation pipes 7 which are arranged at the left end and the right end of the flood discharge tunnel 1 at the same height. The bottom, the middle part of the side wall and the top of the flood discharge tunnel 1 are respectively communicated with the annular vent pipe 3 through the two first vent branch pipes 5, the two second vent branch pipes 6 and the two third vent branch pipes 7. Therefore, the ventilation branch pipes are arranged on two sides of the flood discharge tunnel 1 side by side in a dispersing mode, the uniform air inlet of the flood discharge tunnel 1 can be guaranteed, when part of the ventilation branch pipes are blocked, the water flow can be continuously supplied with air, and the ventilation reliability can be improved.
The top ends of the two first branch ventilation pipes 5 are flush with the top end of the flood discharge tunnel 1, and the bottom ends of the two third branch ventilation pipes 7 are flush with the bottom end of the flood discharge tunnel 1. Therefore, the two first ventilation branch pipes 5 and the two third ventilation branch pipes 7 are located in the aeration cavity 8 at the downstream of the annular aerator 4 and are farthest away from the outflow position of the flood discharge hole 1, and water can be prevented from diffusing and impacting the inside of the ventilation branch pipes through the annular aerator 4.
The cross section area of the ventilation hole 2 is twice of the pipeline cross section area of the annular ventilation pipe 3, and the pipeline cross section area of the annular ventilation pipe 3 is equal to the sum of the pipeline cross section areas of the plurality of ventilation branch pipes. Therefore, when one side of the annular vent pipe 3 is blocked, the effective ventilation flow area can still be maintained.
The radial threshold height of the annular aerator 4 is 0.5m, and the horizontal length of the annular aerator 4 is 10 m. The ratio of the radial threshold height to the horizontal length of the annular aerator 4 is 0.05. Therefore, the water flow of the flood discharge tunnel 1 can be ensured not to change rapidly at the position of the annular aerator 4, and the normal aeration of the aeration structure of the flood discharge tunnel is ensured.
The working principle is as follows:
when the flood discharge tunnel 1 is used for discharging flood at low water level and small flow, the water flow is in a free flow state, and the air flow organization at the moment is as follows: two first air branch pipes 5 at the top of the flood discharging hole 1 and two second air branch pipes 6 higher than the water surface supply air to the top of the flood discharging hole 1, the free surface of the water flow sucks air entrainment, two third air branch pipes 7 at the bottom of the flood discharging hole 1 supply air to an air entrainment cavity 8 at the bottom of the water flow, and the water flow shears and sucks the air entrainment.
When 1 high water level of flood discharge hole, large-traffic flood discharge, rivers present to have the pressure flow state, and the flood discharge hole rivers do not have free surface, and the air current organization at this moment is: the air outlet ends of all the air branch pipes are positioned in the aeration cavity 8 at the downstream of the annular aerator 4, external air is sucked into the cavity by negative pressure for air supply, water flow in the area of the aeration cavity 8 is in a shape of an air-jet nappe, and the periphery of the nappe is aerated into a water body through shearing entrainment.
The aeration structure of the flood discharge tunnel forms a multi-independent-channel, multi-node and combined air supply three-dimensional air supply network, can be simultaneously suitable for the open flow and pressurized flow states of the flood discharge tunnel, and has remarkable advancement and beneficial effects. Meanwhile, the structure of the embodiment is simple, the construction is convenient, the airflow organization is smooth, and the characteristics of high water head, large flow, long distance and high requirement on ventilation rate of the flood discharge tunnel can be met.
The above-described embodiments are set forth so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will not be limited by any theory presented in the preceding claims, which may suggest themselves to those skilled in the art after reading this disclosure and all equivalents thereof that fall within the scope of the utility model as defined in the claims appended hereto.
Claims (6)
1. A flood discharge tunnel aeration structure comprises a flood discharge tunnel (1) and an aeration tunnel (2), and is characterized by further comprising an annular aeration pipe (3), an annular aeration ridge (4) and a plurality of aeration branch pipes (5, 6 and 7); the annular aerator (4) is arranged on the inner side of the wall surface of the flood discharge tunnel (1), and the annular vent pipe (3) is arranged on the outer side of the wall surface of the flood discharge tunnel (1);
the downstream of the annular aerator (4) is provided with the ventilation hole (2), the air inlet end of the ventilation hole (2) is communicated with the external atmosphere, and the air outlet end of the ventilation hole (2) is communicated with the air inlet end of the annular ventilation pipe (3);
the bottom, the side wall and the top of the flood discharging tunnel (1) are communicated with the annular vent pipe (3) through the plurality of vent branch pipes (5, 6 and 7);
the plurality of branch ventilation pipes (5, 6, 7) are communicated with an aeration cavity (8) formed at the downstream of the annular aerator (4).
2. A flood discharge tunnel aeration structure according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of branch aeration pipes (5, 6, 7) comprises a plurality of sets of first branch aeration pipes (5), second branch aeration pipes (6) and third branch aeration pipes (7) disposed at the same height at the left and right ends of said flood discharge tunnel (1); the bottom, the side wall and the top of the flood discharge tunnel (1) are communicated with the annular vent pipe (3) through the first vent branch pipe (5), the second vent branch pipe (6) and the third vent branch pipe (7) respectively.
3. A spillway tunnel aeration structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the middle of the side wall of the spillway tunnel (1) is in communication with the annular aeration pipe (3) through the second aeration branch pipe (6).
4. A spillway tunnel aeration structure according to claim 2, wherein the top end of the first venting branch (5) is flush with the top end of the spillway tunnel (1); the bottom ends of the third air branch pipes (7) are flush with the bottom end of the flood discharge tunnel (1).
5. A spillway tunnel aeration structure according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the cross-sectional area of the aeration tunnel (2) is twice the pipe cross-sectional area of the annular aeration pipe (3); the pipeline cross-sectional area of the annular vent pipe (3) is equal to the sum of the pipeline cross-sectional areas of the plurality of vent branch pipes (5, 6, 7).
6. A spillway tunnel aeration structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the radial sill height of the annular aeration sill (4) is 0.2m to 1.0m, and the horizontal length of the annular aeration sill (4) is 2m to 20 m; the ratio of the radial ridge height to the horizontal length of the annular aerator (4) is 0.05-0.1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202123022045.3U CN216586446U (en) | 2021-12-03 | 2021-12-03 | Flood discharge tunnel aeration structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202123022045.3U CN216586446U (en) | 2021-12-03 | 2021-12-03 | Flood discharge tunnel aeration structure |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN216586446U true CN216586446U (en) | 2022-05-24 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202123022045.3U Active CN216586446U (en) | 2021-12-03 | 2021-12-03 | Flood discharge tunnel aeration structure |
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| CN (1) | CN216586446U (en) |
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2021
- 2021-12-03 CN CN202123022045.3U patent/CN216586446U/en active Active
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