CN216530578U - 一种微网控制系统 - Google Patents

一种微网控制系统 Download PDF

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CN216530578U
CN216530578U CN202122802062.2U CN202122802062U CN216530578U CN 216530578 U CN216530578 U CN 216530578U CN 202122802062 U CN202122802062 U CN 202122802062U CN 216530578 U CN216530578 U CN 216530578U
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沙德武
尹博
王�华
熊曙
许鑫
黄曼君
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Cggc Equipment Industry Co ltd
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    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
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    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
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    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/123—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving renewable energy sources
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    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
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    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
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    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
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    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
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Abstract

本实用新型公开一种微网控制系统，包括切换柜和直流母线柜，所述切换柜分别连接有柴油机组、飞轮储能装置和不间断负荷，所述直流母线柜分别连接有光伏组件、蓄电池组和直流负载，所述切换柜和直流母线柜通过PCS装置相连；所述切换柜通过断路器与电网相连；所述直流母线柜通过STS切换装置实现并离网切换；所述直流母线柜通过光伏逆变器、光伏汇流箱与光伏组件相连，并通过汇流柜与蓄电池组相连。本实用新型解决微电网可再生能源不足时，柴油机组启动过程响应不及时所导致的微电网电压和频率的波动问题。

Description

一种微网控制系统
技术领域
本实用新型涉及微电网供电技术领域，具体为一种微网控制系统。
背景技术
不少海岛和偏远地区远离大电网，输电线路覆盖困难，无法与大陆电网联网，用电难、用电贵是这些用户面临的一大难题。目前这些用户的用电来源主要靠柴油机组，运行成本高，经常会遇到电压不稳，停电等情况，同时会影响通讯基站的正常运行，这些因素都严重影响了用户的正常生产生活。
由于这些地区风光资源丰富，新能源的接入可降低用户的用电成本，具有很大的经济性，储能设备的接入能保障用户用电的可靠性。如公开号CN108649568A的中国专利于2018年10月12日公开的一种离网型微电网系统，通过柴油机组和储能设备的无缝切换，来保障用户用电的可靠性。该专利申请存在如下缺陷：柴油机组在启动过程中响应不及时，会导致微电网的电压和频率的波动。
现有的微电网系统存在交流母线和直流母线，系统结构复杂、设备选型困难。鉴于此，提供一种微网控制系统，既能够简化系统结构，实现工程应用，又能够避免柴油机组启动响应不及时所导致的问题。
发明内容
为克服上述现有技术的不足，本实用新型提供一种微网控制系统，以解决微电网可再生能源不足时，柴油机组启动过程响应不及时所导致的微电网电压和频率的波动问题。
本实用新型是通过以下技术方案予以实现的：
一种微网控制系统，包括切换柜和直流母线柜，所述切换柜分别连接有STS切换装置、柴油机组、飞轮储能装置和不间断负荷，所述直流母线柜分别连接有光伏组件、蓄电池组和直流负载，所述切换柜和直流母线柜通过PCS装置相连；所述切换柜通过断路器与电网相连；所述直流母线柜通过STS切换装置实现并离网切换；所述直流母线柜通过光伏逆变器、光伏汇流箱与光伏组件相连，并通过汇流柜与蓄电池组相连。
上述技术方案中，直流微网通过STS切换装置实现并离网切换，在并网状态时，通过电网提供微网所需电力；在离网状态下，通过光伏组件、光伏逆变器和蓄电池组提供微网所需电力；在离网状态下、新能源出力不足时，通过柴油机组和飞轮储能装置提供微网所需电力；由于飞轮储能装置的响应时间是毫秒级，能够快速建立母线电压，并与秒级响应时间的柴油机组实现对接，从而解决柴油机组启动过程响应不及时所导致的微电网电压和频率的波动问题。
进一步地，所述飞轮储能装置的工作时间为15S。当蓄电池组的储能下降到预定程度时，同时启动柴油机组和飞轮储能装置，利用飞轮储能装置响应快的优势，迅速建立母线电压，并持续供电至柴油机组完成启动响应。这里设置的飞轮储能装置的工作时间大于柴油机组的响应时间，能够避免柴油机组启动响应慢所带来的波动问题。
进一步地，所述柴油机组和飞轮储能装置的额定功率均为200KW，所述不间断负荷的额定功率小于200KW，所述PCS装置的额定功率为250KW，所述光伏逆变器的额定功率为100KW，所述直流负载的额定功率为2～4KW。
进一步地，所述微网控制系统的并/离网切换时间不大于20ms。
进一步地，所述光伏逆变器采用BOOST模式，并具有MPPT功能。
进一步地，在离网状态下，所述光伏逆变器和蓄电池组共同支撑直流负载及不间断负荷工作，直到蓄电池组的电池荷电状态降低至30％以下。
进一步地，当蓄电池组的电池荷电状态下降到30％时启动柴油机组，上升到90％时停止柴油机组。
进一步地，所述光伏组件按17串，每串13片组件来布置。
进一步地，所述蓄电池组包括3组磷酸铁锂蓄电池，电池组额定电压为716.8V，单柜容量不小于170kWh，所述3组磷酸铁锂蓄电池经过汇流柜并入直流母线柜。
进一步地，所述磷酸铁锂蓄电池的放电区间按照单电芯3.0～3.5来设置。
与现有技术相比，本实用新型的有益效果在于：
(1)本实用新型在并网状态时，通过电网提供微网所需电力；在离网状态下，通过光伏组件、光伏逆变器和蓄电池组提供微网所需电力；在离网状态下、新能源出力不足时，通过柴油机组和飞轮储能装置提供微网所需电力；本实用新型利用飞轮储能装置响应时间短的优势，通过飞轮储能装置快速建立母线电压，然后与秒级响应时间的柴油机组实现对接，解决柴油机组启动过程响应不及时所导致的微电网电压和频率的波动问题。
(2)本实用新型在直流母线侧设备推出运行、交流侧失去电源的时候，可以利用飞轮储能装置和柴油机组快速建压并提供电力。
(3)本实用新型可以直接通过直流母线给直流负载供电，提高系统效率。
附图说明
图1为根据本实用新型实施例的微网控制系统的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图对本实用新型各实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，显然，所描述发实施例仅仅是本实用新型的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本实用新型的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所得到的所有其它实施例，都属于本实用新型所保护的范围。
本实用新型提供一种微网控制系统，主要应用于偏远地区、海岛等微电网场景。
本实用新型通过光伏发电、磷酸铁锂电池、柴油机组、飞轮储能等构建交流微电网，其中光伏组件、磷酸铁锂电池通过直流母线连接，并经过PCS装置与交流系统连接。其中交流系统由柴油机组、飞轮储能装置和交流负载构成。本实用新型可以直接通过直流母线给直流负载供电，提高系统效率。
实施例
如图1所示，本实施例提供一种微网控制系统，包括切换柜和直流母线柜，所述切换柜和直流母线柜通过PCS装置相连，所述切换柜通过断路器与电网相连；所述直流母线柜通过STS切换装置实现并离网切换。
本实施例设置有防逆流控制点，通过智能功率表与EMS配合实现防逆流。
所述切换柜分别连接有柴油机组、飞轮储能装置和不间断负荷。
所述飞轮储能装置的工作时间为15S，利用飞轮储能装置响应快的优势，迅速建立母线电压，并持续工作供电至柴油机组完成启动响应，避免柴油机组启动响应慢所带来的波动问题。
所述柴油机组和飞轮储能装置的额定功率均为200KW，所述不间断负荷的额定功率小于200KW，所述PCS装置的额定功率为250KW，所述光伏逆变器的额定功率为100KW，所述直流负载的额定功率为2～4KW。
所述直流母线柜通过光伏逆变器、光伏汇流箱与光伏组件相连，并通过汇流柜与蓄电池组相连。
所述光伏逆变器采用BOOST模式，并具有MPPT功能。
光伏组件Voc＝49.7V,Vmpp＝41.52，开路电压温度系数-0.272％/摄氏度，光伏组件按17串，每串13片组件布置。单串Voc＝49.7*13＝646.1V，Vmpp＝41.52*13＝539.76V。
所述蓄电池组包括3组磷酸铁锂蓄电池，电池组额定电压为716.8V，单柜容量不小于170kWh，所述3组磷酸铁锂蓄电池经过汇流柜并入直流母线柜。正常工作时，电压范围满足条件。若遇到极端情况，PV开路电压超过电池电压，EMS可以下指令通过PCS反向充电，提高电池电压，待电压范围超过PV开路电压，直流变换器开始正常工作，光伏功率输出并入到直流母线。
蓄电池组的电池放电区间按照单电芯3.0～3.5进行设计，总电压范围为3.0*14*16～3.5*14*16＝672～784V，除进行SOC校准需要的满充满放外，其它应用都按照此电压进行。磷酸铁锂电池组在负荷高峰时放电，低谷时充电，达到削峰填谷的作用。
本实施例在并网状态下工作时；
柴油机组和飞轮储能装置不启动。光伏组件、蓄电池组、直流负载(直流路灯)、不间断负载和常用负载进行自发自用，自发自用仅使用蓄电池组SOC的70％。
微电网和10kV电网之间做防逆流保护，多余的光伏电能储存到蓄电池组，如电池被充满，则限发或停发光伏，防逆流保护阈值暂按照最小功率的单相不低于10kW设置。
储能在夜间电费低谷时段充电(每日0时～8时)，直到充满。系统应可按照电池储能系统的要求，手动控制电池进行满充满放的SOC校准。
本实施例在离网状态下工作时：
电网失电，切换柜中断路器与电网的连接断开，切断与电网连接，PCS装置转为离网运行模式(VF模式)。
光伏逆变器DC/DC和蓄电池组共同支撑直流负荷和不间断负荷工作，直到电池SOC降低到30％以下，此状态下PCS装置工作于离网模式(VF模式)。
电池SOC下降到30％时启动柴油机组和飞轮储能，飞轮储能装置快速响应建立交流母线电压，飞轮储能装置工作到柴油机组响应完成并建立交流母线电压。PCS装置切换回并网模式(PQ模式)，柴油机组除支撑不间断负荷之外，多余的电能经过PCS装置，同光伏组件一起给蓄电池组充电，电池SOC上升到90％后，停止柴油机组，转由PCS装置、蓄电池组和光伏组件支撑交流系统，如此反复，直至电网恢复。
此外电网恢复后，先停止柴油机组发电，PCS装置切换回离网模式，之后连接电网(电网与柴油机组互锁)，待PCS装置与电网同步后，切换回并网模式。柴油机组在离网状态下不能同时和PCS装置为负载供电。此外需要严格控制电池的SOC状态，防止过充过放。
本实施例中，EMS可向上级SCADA系统发送本系统内的运行数据，包括光伏、PCS、电池，柴油机等。EMS可在上级SCADA系统控制下切换并/离网工作状态，但需在适合的情况下(如离网切换到并网，如不具备条件，则以本地SCADA控制逻辑为主)。
本实施例在离网状态下，通过光伏组件、光伏逆变器(DC/DC)和蓄电池组提供微网所需电力；在离网状态下、新能源出力不足时，通过柴油机组和飞轮储能装置提供微网所需电力。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本实用新型的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本实用新型进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本实用新型实施例技术方案。

Claims (10)

1.一种微网控制系统，其特征在于，包括切换柜和直流母线柜，所述切换柜分别连接有柴油机组、飞轮储能装置和不间断负荷，所述直流母线柜分别连接有光伏组件、蓄电池组和直流负载，所述切换柜和直流母线柜通过PCS装置相连；所述切换柜通过断路器与电网相连；所述直流母线柜通过STS切换装置实现并离网切换；所述直流母线柜通过光伏逆变器、光伏汇流箱与光伏组件相连，并通过汇流柜与蓄电池组相连。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种微网控制系统，其特征在于，所述飞轮储能装置的工作时间为15S。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种微网控制系统，其特征在于，所述柴油机组和飞轮储能装置的额定功率均为200KW，所述不间断负荷的额定功率小于200KW，所述PCS装置的额定功率为250KW，所述光伏逆变器的额定功率为100KW，所述直流负载的额定功率为2～4KW。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种微网控制系统，其特征在于，所述微网控制系统的并/离网切换时间不大于20ms。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种微网控制系统，其特征在于，所述光伏逆变器采用BOOST模式，并具有MPPT功能。
6.根据权利要求1或5所述一种微网控制系统，其特征在于，在离网状态下，所述光伏逆变器和蓄电池组共同支撑直流负载及不间断负荷工作，直到蓄电池组的电池荷电状态降低至30％以下。
7.根据权利要求6所述一种微网控制系统，其特征在于，在离网状态下，当蓄电池组的电池荷电状态下降到30％时启动柴油机组，上升到90％时停止柴油机组。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种微网控制系统，其特征在于，所述光伏组件按17串，每串13片组件来布置。
9.根据权利要求1所述一种微网控制系统，其特征在于，所述蓄电池组包括3组磷酸铁锂蓄电池，电池组额定电压为716.8V，单柜容量不小于170kWh，所述3组磷酸铁锂蓄电池经过汇流柜并入直流母线柜。
10.根据权利要求9所述一种微网控制系统，其特征在于，所述磷酸铁锂蓄电池的放电区间按照单电芯3.0～3.5来设置。
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117335550A (zh) * 2023-09-27 2024-01-02 江苏苏港智能装备产业创新中心有限公司 一种用于rtg转场的动力电池系统

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