CN216356039U

CN216356039U - Portable lithium battery management system

Info

Publication number: CN216356039U
Application number: CN202122704745.4U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 钟表; 沈卫东; 韦文军
Original assignee: Chongqing Nengyan Institute Of Technology Co ltd; Chongqing Ruoge Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Chongqing Nengyan Institute Of Technology Co ltd; Chongqing Ruoge Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-11-05
Filing date: 2021-11-05
Publication date: 2022-04-19
Anticipated expiration: 2031-11-05

Abstract

The utility model discloses a portable lithium battery management system, which comprises a main control unit, and a cell voltage sampling unit, a temperature acquisition unit, an active equalization unit, a cabin heating unit and a charging and discharging protection unit which are respectively connected with the main control unit; the cell voltage sampling unit is used for acquiring voltage data of each cell in the battery; the temperature acquisition unit is used for acquiring temperature data of the battery cell and temperature data of the battery cell cabin; the main control unit is used for acquiring and monitoring the voltage data and the temperature data in real time; the cabin heating unit is used for balancing the battery cells according to a balancing control command sent by the main control unit; the temperature acquisition unit is used for heating the battery cell cabin according to a temperature control command sent by the main control unit; the charge and discharge protection unit is used for disconnecting the charge and discharge loop when the charge and discharge are abnormal.

Description

Portable lithium battery management system

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a portable lithium battery management system.

Background

In the existing lithium battery management system, the battery is easy to be overcharged and overdischarged, so that the service life of the battery is greatly reduced. In addition, the running states of the battery pack and each battery single core cannot be accurately monitored in the using process of the battery, so that the safety and the reliability of the battery cannot be guaranteed. In the aspects of safety, precision, service life, discharging capacity and the like, a single battery can be charged and discharged 2000 times, the number of times of charging and discharging can be only 1000 times after the battery pack is formed, the charging and discharging conditions of the battery cannot be accurately monitored in real time if an immature lithium battery management system is carried, and potential safety hazards such as overlarge local power consumption, local heat generation, spontaneous combustion of the battery and the like of the battery core are easily caused.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to provide a portable lithium battery management system to solve the problem that the safety and the reliability of a battery of the conventional battery management system cannot be guaranteed.

In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides a portable lithium battery management system which comprises a main control unit, and a cell voltage sampling unit, a temperature acquisition unit, an active equalization unit, a cabin heating unit and a charging and discharging protection unit which are respectively connected with the main control unit; the cell voltage sampling unit is used for acquiring voltage data of each cell in the battery; the temperature acquisition unit is used for acquiring temperature data of the battery cell and temperature data of the battery cell cabin; the main control unit is used for acquiring and monitoring the voltage data and the temperature data in real time; the cabin heating unit is used for balancing the battery cells according to a balancing control command sent by the main control unit; the temperature acquisition unit is used for heating the battery cell cabin according to a temperature control command sent by the main control unit; the charge and discharge protection unit is used for disconnecting the charge and discharge loop when the charge and discharge are abnormal.

Further, the charge and discharge protection unit comprises a primary protection circuit; the primary protection circuit comprises an electricity meter, a second transistor Q2, a third transistor Q3 and a fourth transistor Q4; the gate of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the electricity meter through a first resistor R1, the drain of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the drain of a fourth transistor Q4 through a second resistor R2, the source of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the drain of a third transistor Q3 and the source of a fourth transistor Q4, the gate of the fourth transistor Q4 is connected to the electricity meter through a third resistor R3, the gate of the third transistor Q3 is connected to the electricity meter through a fourth resistor R4, and the source of the third transistor Q3 is connected to the input/output unit of the system.

Furthermore, the charge and discharge protection unit also comprises a secondary protection circuit; the secondary protection circuit comprises a temperature fuse TF, a three-terminal fuse F1, a first transistor Q1 and a voltage protection chip; the temperature fuse TF is connected with a three-terminal fuse F1 in series, one end, far away from the three-terminal fuse F1, of the temperature fuse TF is connected with a battery core, one end, far away from the temperature fuse TF, of the three-terminal fuse F1 is connected with the drain electrode of a second transistor Q2, the source electrode of the first transistor Q1 is connected with the control end of the three-terminal fuse F1, the grid electrode of the first transistor Q1 is connected with a voltage protection chip through a first diode D1, the grid electrode of the first transistor Q1 is connected with an electricity meter through a second diode D2, and the drain electrode of the first transistor Q1 is grounded.

Furthermore, the active equalization unit comprises active switch equalization integrated circuits respectively connected with the single battery cell, and the active switch equalization integrated circuits are connected in series.

Further, the cabin heating unit includes a ninth transistor Q9 and a cabin heating plate installed in the cabin, a drain of the ninth transistor Q9 is connected with the cabin heating plate, a gate of the ninth transistor Q9 is connected with the main control unit through a fifth resistor R5, and a source of the ninth transistor Q9 is connected with the input and output unit of the system.

Further, the system further includes a sleep wake-up unit including a fifth transistor Q5, a sixth transistor Q6, a seventh transistor Q7, and an eighth transistor Q8; the drain of the sixth transistor Q6 is connected to the main control unit through a DC/DC conversion circuit, the sources of the sixth transistors Q6 are respectively connected to the sources of the fifth transistors Q5, the gate of the sixth transistor Q6 is connected to the collector of the eighth transistor Q8 through a sixth resistor R6, the gate of the fifth transistor Q5 is connected to the collector of the seventh transistor Q7, the drain of the fifth transistor Q5 is connected to the input/output unit of the system, the emitter of the seventh transistor Q7 is grounded, the base of the seventh transistor Q7 is connected to the main control unit through a seventh resistor R7, the emitter of the eighth transistor Q8 is grounded, the base of the eighth transistor Q8 is connected to the main control unit through an eighth resistor R8 and a third diode connected in series, and the gate of the sixth transistor Q6 is further connected to a wake-up switch Key.

Further, the system further comprises a human-computer interaction unit, wherein the human-computer interaction unit comprises a wake-up switch Key respectively connected with the grid of the sixth transistor Q6 and the main control unit, and a work indicator light and an electric quantity indicator light connected with the main control unit.

Further, the system also comprises a DC/DC conversion unit for converting the battery voltage into 5V standard USB transmission.

The utility model has the beneficial effects that: by arranging the cell voltage sampling unit and the active balancing unit, the active balancing can be started conveniently under the condition that the voltage of a single cell is unbalanced, and the cell can be automatically repaired, so that the consistency of the cell can be kept; by arranging the temperature acquisition unit and the cabin heating unit, the self-heating function of the battery cell cabin can be started conveniently under the condition that the weather temperature is too low, so that the charging environment temperature of the battery cell is guaranteed; by arranging the charge-discharge protection unit, the charge-discharge loop can be disconnected when the charge-discharge is abnormal, so that the safety and reliability of the system are improved.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a circuit schematic of one embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an active equalization unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The portable lithium battery management system shown in fig. 1 includes a main control unit, and a cell voltage sampling unit, a temperature acquisition unit, an active equalization unit, a cabin heating unit, and a charge and discharge protection unit, which are respectively connected to the main control unit; the cell voltage sampling unit is used for acquiring voltage data of each cell in the battery; the temperature acquisition unit is used for acquiring temperature data of the battery cell and temperature data of the battery cell cabin; the main control unit is used for acquiring and monitoring the voltage data and the temperature data in real time; the cabin heating unit is used for balancing the battery cells according to a balancing control command sent by the main control unit; the temperature acquisition unit is used for heating the battery cell cabin according to a temperature control command sent by the main control unit; the charge and discharge protection unit is used for disconnecting the charge and discharge loop when the charge and discharge are abnormal.

The utility model is provided with the cell voltage sampling unit and the active equalization unit, so that the active equalization can be started under the condition that the voltage of a single cell is unbalanced, and the cell can be automatically repaired, thereby keeping the consistency of the cell; by arranging the temperature acquisition unit and the cabin heating unit, the self-heating function of the battery cell cabin can be started conveniently under the condition that the weather temperature is too low, so that the charging environment temperature of the battery cell is guaranteed; by arranging the charge-discharge protection unit, the charge-discharge loop can be disconnected when the charge-discharge is abnormal, so that the safety and reliability of the system are improved. The main control unit can adopt an existing single chip microcomputer, such as an msp430 single chip microcomputer or a 51 single chip microcomputer.

According to one embodiment of the application, the charging and discharging protection unit comprises a primary protection circuit; the primary protection circuit comprises an electricity meter, a second transistor Q2, a third transistor Q3 and a fourth transistor Q4; the gate of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the electricity meter through a first resistor R1, the drain of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the drain of a fourth transistor Q4 through a second resistor R2, the source of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the drain of a third transistor Q3 and the source of a fourth transistor Q4, the gate of the fourth transistor Q4 is connected to the electricity meter through a third resistor R3, the gate of the third transistor Q3 is connected to the electricity meter through a fourth resistor R4, and the source of the third transistor Q3 is connected to the input/output unit of the system. The second transistor Q2 is a discharge control MOS transistor, the third transistor Q3 is a precharge control MOS transistor, and charge and discharge are allowed in a normal state, the second transistor Q2 and the third transistor Q3 are turned on, and in a precharge state, the second transistor Q2 and the third transistor Q3 are turned on, and precharge is allowed; the second transistor Q2 and the third transistor Q3 are closed under the states of overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent or overheat, and a charge-discharge loop is disconnected, so that the system safety is guaranteed.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the charging and discharging protection unit further includes a secondary protection circuit; the secondary protection circuit comprises a temperature fuse TF, a three-terminal fuse F1, a first transistor Q1 and a voltage protection chip; the temperature fuse TF is connected with a three-terminal fuse F1 in series, one end, far away from the three-terminal fuse F1, of the temperature fuse TF is connected with a battery core, one end, far away from the temperature fuse TF, of the three-terminal fuse F1 is connected with the drain electrode of a second transistor Q2, the source electrode of the first transistor Q1 is connected with the control end of the three-terminal fuse F1, the grid electrode of the first transistor Q1 is connected with a voltage protection chip through a first diode D1, the grid electrode of the first transistor Q1 is connected with an electricity meter through a second diode D2, and the drain electrode of the first transistor Q1 is grounded. The secondary protection unit is started in a primary protection failure state, and a charge-discharge loop is disconnected; TF is a temperature fuse TF, and the temperature fuse TF breaks a main loop after the temperature exceeds a protection limit value; under the condition of overhigh voltage, a first transistor Q1 can be driven by an electricity meter (SOC chip) or a voltage protection chip to fuse a three-terminal fuse F1, a main loop is disconnected, a double protection mechanism is adopted, and the reliability is improved; under the condition of temperature abnormality or other abnormal conditions, the first transistor Q1 can be driven by the fuel gauge chip to blow the three-terminal fuse F1, and the main loop is disconnected. The temperature and voltage abnormity in the system have double protection mechanisms, and the safety and reliability of the system are improved.

According to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 2, the active balancing unit includes active switching balancing integrated circuits respectively connected to the single battery cells, and the active switching balancing integrated circuits are connected in series. The main control unit monitors the voltage of each group of battery cells in real time, when the balance condition is met, the main control unit controls and starts the balance battery pack, the active balance adopts a switch type active balance technology, the balance current can reach 1.5A, the heat generation in the balance process can be greatly reduced, and the balance time is greatly reduced. The performance and the service life of the series battery pack can be effectively improved by actively balancing and automatically repairing the battery cells.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the cabin heating unit includes a ninth transistor Q9 and a cabin heating sheet installed in the cabin, a drain of the ninth transistor Q9 is connected with the cabin heating sheet, a gate of the ninth transistor Q9 is connected with the main control unit through a fifth resistor R5, and a source of the ninth transistor Q9 is connected with the input and output unit of the system. After the system detects that an external charger is inserted, if the temperature of the cabin is lower than 0 ℃, the charging function is forbidden, the main control unit enables the cabin heating loop, the ninth transistor Q9 is turned on, the cabin heating sheet starts to work, the cabin heating is started, and the charging is enabled when the temperature of the cabin rises to about 10 ℃.

According to one embodiment of the present application, the system further comprises a sleep wake-up unit comprising a fifth transistor Q5, a sixth transistor Q6, a seventh transistor Q7, and an eighth transistor Q8; the drain of the sixth transistor Q6 is connected to the main control unit through a DC/DC conversion circuit, the sources of the sixth transistors Q6 are respectively connected to the sources of the fifth transistors Q5, the gate of the sixth transistor Q6 is connected to the collector of the eighth transistor Q8 through a sixth resistor R6, the gate of the fifth transistor Q5 is connected to the collector of the seventh transistor Q7, the drain of the fifth transistor Q5 is connected to the input/output unit of the system, the emitter of the seventh transistor Q7 is grounded, the base of the seventh transistor Q7 is connected to the main control unit through a seventh resistor R7, the emitter of the eighth transistor Q8 is grounded, the base of the eighth transistor Q8 is connected to the main control unit through an eighth resistor R8 and a third diode connected in series, and the gate of the sixth transistor Q6 is further connected to a wake-up switch Key. When the portable lithium battery is used without charging and discharging for a long time, the system automatically enters a dormant state and can be awakened through external keys or charging, and the power consumption and the cost of the portable lithium battery can be greatly reduced. In the sleep state, the second transistor Q2, the third transistor Q3, the sixth transistor Q6 and the eighth transistor Q8 are disconnected, the main control unit is completely powered off, after the wake-up switch Key is pressed for 5 seconds, the sixth transistor Q6 and the eighth transistor Q8 are turned on, the main control unit is powered on, the main control unit enables the fifth transistor Q5 to be turned on for 0.2 seconds by controlling the seventh transistor Q7, the electricity meter is activated, the charge-discharge loop is enabled, after the Key is pressed for 5 seconds again, the electricity meter sleeps, the second transistor Q2 and the third transistor Q3 are turned off, the sixth transistor Q6 is turned off, the main control unit is powered off, and the system enters the sleep state. Under the normal state, under the continuous 24-hour no-charging-discharging state, automatically entering into the dormant state.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the system further includes a human-computer interaction unit, where the human-computer interaction unit includes a wake-up switch Key connected to the gate of the sixth transistor Q6 and the main control unit, and a work indicator light and an electric quantity indicator light connected to the main control unit. The working indicator lamp is turned on in a normal state in the process, and charging and discharging and USB output are allowed at the moment. In the discharging state, the working indicator lamp lights a red light; under the charging state, the working indicator lamp lights up the green light, and the electric quantity indicator lamp flickers to indicate the current electric quantity. When the key is pressed, the electric quantity indicator lamp is turned on to indicate the current residual electric quantity; after the key is pressed for 5s for a long time, the system immediately enters a dormant state, the main control unit is powered off, and the power consumption is reduced to the lowest; in the dormant state, the mobile phone can be awakened by pressing the key 5s for a long time or automatically awakened by charging.

According to an embodiment of the application, the system further comprises a DC/DC conversion unit for converting the battery voltage into a 5V standard USB.

Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A portable lithium battery management system is characterized by comprising a main control unit, and a cell voltage sampling unit, a temperature acquisition unit, an active equalization unit, a cabin heating unit and a charging and discharging protection unit which are respectively connected with the main control unit; the cell voltage sampling unit is used for acquiring voltage data of each cell in the battery; the temperature acquisition unit is used for acquiring temperature data of the battery cell and temperature data of the battery cell cabin; the main control unit is used for acquiring and monitoring the voltage data and the temperature data in real time; the cabin heating unit is used for balancing the battery cells according to a balancing control command sent by the main control unit; the temperature acquisition unit is used for heating the battery cell cabin according to a temperature control command sent by the main control unit; the charge and discharge protection unit is used for disconnecting the charge and discharge loop when the charge and discharge are abnormal.

2. The portable lithium battery management system of claim 1, wherein the charge and discharge protection unit comprises a primary protection circuit; the primary protection circuit comprises an electricity meter, a second transistor Q2, a third transistor Q3 and a fourth transistor Q4; the gate of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the electricity meter through a first resistor R1, the drain of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the drain of a fourth transistor Q4 through a second resistor R2, the source of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the drain of a third transistor Q3 and the source of a fourth transistor Q4, the gate of the fourth transistor Q4 is connected to the electricity meter through a third resistor R3, the gate of the third transistor Q3 is connected to the electricity meter through a fourth resistor R4, and the source of the third transistor Q3 is connected to the input/output unit of the system.

3. The portable lithium battery management system of claim 2, wherein the charge and discharge protection unit further comprises a secondary protection circuit; the secondary protection circuit comprises a temperature fuse TF, a three-terminal fuse F1, a first transistor Q1 and a voltage protection chip; the temperature fuse TF is connected with a three-terminal fuse F1 in series, one end, far away from the three-terminal fuse F1, of the temperature fuse TF is connected with a battery core, one end, far away from the temperature fuse TF, of the three-terminal fuse F1 is connected with the drain electrode of a second transistor Q2, the source electrode of the first transistor Q1 is connected with the control end of the three-terminal fuse F1, the grid electrode of the first transistor Q1 is connected with a voltage protection chip through a first diode D1, the grid electrode of the first transistor Q1 is connected with an electricity meter through a second diode D2, and the drain electrode of the first transistor Q1 is grounded.

4. The portable lithium battery management system of claim 1, wherein the active balancing unit comprises active switching balancing integrated circuits respectively connected to the single battery cells, and the active switching balancing integrated circuits are connected in series with each other.

5. The portable lithium battery management system of claim 1, wherein the cabin heating unit comprises a ninth transistor Q9 and a cabin heating sheet installed in the cabin, a drain of the ninth transistor Q9 is connected with the cabin heating sheet, a gate of the ninth transistor Q9 is connected with the main control unit through a fifth resistor R5, and a source of the ninth transistor Q9 is connected with the input and output unit of the system.

6. The portable lithium battery management system of claim 1, further comprising a sleep wake-up unit comprising a fifth transistor Q5, a sixth transistor Q6, a seventh transistor Q7, and an eighth transistor Q8; the drain of the sixth transistor Q6 is connected to the main control unit through a DC/DC conversion circuit, the sources of the sixth transistors Q6 are respectively connected to the sources of the fifth transistors Q5, the gate of the sixth transistor Q6 is connected to the collector of the eighth transistor Q8 through a sixth resistor R6, the gate of the fifth transistor Q5 is connected to the collector of the seventh transistor Q7, the drain of the fifth transistor Q5 is connected to the input/output unit of the system, the emitter of the seventh transistor Q7 is grounded, the base of the seventh transistor Q7 is connected to the main control unit through a seventh resistor R7, the emitter of the eighth transistor Q8 is grounded, the base of the eighth transistor Q8 is connected to the main control unit through an eighth resistor R8 and a third diode connected in series, and the gate of the sixth transistor Q6 is further connected to a wake-up switch Key.

7. The portable lithium battery management system of claim 6, further comprising a human-computer interaction unit, wherein the human-computer interaction unit comprises a wake-up switch Key respectively connected to the gate of the sixth transistor Q6 and the main control unit, and a work indicator light and an electric quantity indicator light connected to the main control unit.

8. The portable lithium battery management system of claim 1, further comprising a DC/DC conversion unit for converting the battery voltage to 5V standard USB.