CN216342069U

CN216342069U - Underground high-pressure pulse hydraulic jet fracturing tool

Info

Publication number: CN216342069U
Application number: CN202122347738.3U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蔡灿; 何文; 高超
Original assignee: Southwest Petroleum University
Current assignee: Southwest Petroleum University
Priority date: 2021-09-27
Filing date: 2021-09-27
Publication date: 2022-04-19
Anticipated expiration: 2031-09-27

Abstract

The utility model discloses an underground high-pressure pulse hydraulic jet fracturing tool, which comprises an outer cylinder body, wherein the outer cylinder body is a short section with male taper threads at the upper part and the lower part, the inner part of the outer cylinder body is of a cylindrical cavity structure, the bottom of the cavity structure is provided with a step, an inner cylinder body is fixed in the step, the upper part of the inner cylinder body is connected with an impeller, and the axis of the impeller is coaxial with the inner cylinder body and can rotate along the inner cylinder body; the inner cylinder is of a hollow structure, a plurality of side holes are formed in the wall of the inner cylinder and used as inner holes, a plurality of side holes are also formed in the side face of the outer cylinder and used as outer holes, and the inner holes and the outer holes are identical in size and position. The utility model can convert the hydraulic energy of the fracturing fluid into rotational energy for driving, realizes the periodic opening and closing of the nozzle channel, can simultaneously realize multiple high-pressure pulse perforation, can fully utilize the energy of the fracturing fluid and has higher perforation efficiency; the frequency of pulse perforation is easy to change and the operation is reliable.

Description

Underground high-pressure pulse hydraulic jet fracturing tool

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of drilling tools, in particular to a fracturing tool, and specifically relates to an underground high-pressure pulse hydraulic jet fracturing tool.

Background

Along with the development and utilization of unconventional oil and gas resources and oil and gas reservoirs, the hydraulic fracturing reservoir is transformed into a research hotspot, the conventional hydraulic fracturing injects high-pressure fluid to a sleeve repeatedly for many times through a fracturing truck on the ground to fracture rocks, the efficiency is low, the energy consumption is high, and the conditions are improved to a great extent due to the generation of a hydraulic jet pressure technology. The hydraulic jet fracturing technology is a brand-new oil field production increasing and transforming technology integrating hydraulic perforation, fracturing and the like, is a hydraulic jet tool added on the conventional hydraulic fracturing, can simultaneously realize various functions of perforation, fracturing, packing and the like by fully utilizing the hydraulic jet fracturing technology, and is a very important link in the process of specifically implementing the hydraulic jet pressure tool. On the premise of not needing mechanical packing, relatively accurate in-formation fixed point injection can be completed, and fracturing work of multiple intervals in a reservoir can be completed only by using one set of tool. The problem of pulling out the tubular column many times is solved to adopt hydraulic fracturing technique, and more energy-conserving high-efficient, but present hydraulic jet fracturing technique mostly realizes the invariable efflux of continuity, and jet pressure remains unchanged almost, and the fracturing effect still remains to be improved.

Chinese utility model patent CN20181061655.0 discloses a pulse type jet sand adding tool, which comprises a body, wherein a through hole is arranged on the body, and a rotor is arranged in the through hole; the body is provided with a nozzle; the rotor is provided with a flow groove; the rotor can be at the through-hole internal rotation of body, and at the rotation in-process, when the overflow groove is aligned with the nozzle, fracturing fluid gets into the nozzle through the overflow groove and produces high-speed efflux, and when the overflow groove is misaligned with the nozzle, the nozzle is stopped up by the rotor. The disadvantages of this solution are: the structure of the device is complex, the energy of the fracturing fluid is not fully utilized when the rotor moves, the friction between the rotor and a supporting rotor structure is not considered to be reduced, the transmission efficiency of the rotor is easy to damage, the perforation efficiency is low, almost no gap exists between the rotor and the stator, and the movement stability is poor. Chinese utility model patent CN20201061627.7 provides a self-excited oscillation type pulse hydraulic fracturing tool and method, which comprises an ejector, a single flow valve body and an oscillator which are detachably connected; a nozzle is arranged on the side wall of the ejector; a first oscillation cavity is formed between the single-flow valve body and the oscillator; a second oscillation cavity is formed in the oscillator; after the check valve body is plugged by the plugging ball, the sand-containing liquid is sprayed through the nozzle to form a perforation on the sleeve; the plugging ball is washed out reversely; high-displacement liquid passes through the ejector and the single-flow valve body and then enters the first oscillation cavity and the second oscillation cavity to oscillate so as to form high-frequency high-pressure pulse liquid; the formed liquid enters an annular cavity formed between the casing and the tool and is mixed with the high-sand-content liquid, and the formed mixed liquid passes through perforations on the casing to fracture the target fracturing interval, and the scheme has the defects that: each part structure is complicated, and overall structure is comparatively dispersed, forms airtight space through the shutoff of shutoff ball, forms the perforation along with fracturing fluid constantly accumulates, and perforation efficiency is lower, and the perforation passageway can not realize the switching, easily takes place to leak during operation, and the perforation frequency changes the difficulty. Thus, there are still many places for this technology to be improved.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

Aiming at the problems, the utility model aims to provide an underground high-pressure pulse hydraulic jet fracturing tool which can convert hydraulic energy of fracturing fluid into rotational energy to drive, realize the periodic opening and closing of a nozzle channel, realize multiple high-pressure pulse perforations at the same time, fully utilize the energy of the fracturing fluid and have higher perforation efficiency. The frequency control of pulse injection is realized by controlling the flow of the fracturing fluid, the frequency of pulse perforation is easy to change, and the operation is reliable.

The technical scheme of the utility model is as follows:

a kind of DH high-pressure pulse hydraulic jet fracturing tool, including the outer cylinder, the said outer cylinder is a nipple joint equipped with male taper thread up and down, its inside is a cylindrical cavity structure, there are steps at the bottom of the cavity structure, fix with the inner cylinder in the step, the said inner cylinder is a hollow column structure that upper portion and inferior part are all closed, and there are flow passage holes in the upper portion, the upper portion of the said inner cylinder connects with the impeller, the axle center of the said impeller is coaxial with said inner cylinder, can rotate along the inner cylinder; the inner cylinder is of a hollow structure, a plurality of side holes are formed in the wall of the inner cylinder and used as inner holes, a plurality of side holes are also formed in the side face of the outer cylinder and used as outer holes, and the inner holes and the outer holes are identical in size and position.

Furthermore, the butt joint of the lower end of the inner cylinder and the step inside the outer cylinder is provided with a second bearing, the second bearing can enable the inner cylinder to rotate inside the outer cylinder, and the inner hole and the corresponding outer hole are overlapped for a certain time in a rotation period.

Furthermore, the outer cylinder body is provided with a nozzle in an outer hole thereof, the inner end of the nozzle extends to the contact surface with the inner hole, and the outer end of the nozzle extends out of the outer hole and extends outwards for a section.

Further, the outer hole is a threaded hole.

Furthermore, the outside of nozzle is equipped with one section nozzle recess for with the sealing washer is installed to the outer jogged joint back of outer barrel, is equipped with the screw thread section in the outside of recess rear end the runner of nozzle is the toper runner, and exit end punchhole is less than the hole with outer hole.

Furthermore, a plurality of radioactive connecting sheets are arranged at the upper part of the inner cylinder body, a runner hole is arranged between the connecting sheets, the runner hole is of a fan-shaped, rectangular or circular structure, a short column which extends upwards and is provided with an external thread is arranged at the position where the connecting sheets intersect with the axis of the inner cylinder body and is used as a connecting thread, a plurality of grooves are arranged at the lower side of the outer end of the connecting sheets, and sealing rings which are used for sealing and isolating the upper part and the lower part of a cavity structure of the outer cylinder body are arranged in the grooves and are used as throttling rings; the inner cylinder body is provided with a section of ring shape extending upwards above the throttling ring as a spacer ring.

Furthermore, the upper surface of the middle part of the impeller is provided with a smooth upper counter bore downwards, the lower surface is provided with a threaded lower counter bore upwards, the lower counter bore is in threaded connection with the connecting thread to ensure that the impeller and the inner cylinder body are relatively fixed, the top of the impeller is provided with a first bearing, the first bearing is connected with a guide wheel, the upper part of the guide wheel is provided with a mushroom head structure, a polish rod is arranged at the lower section of the impeller and is inserted into a counter bore arranged at the middle part of the impeller, two opposite sides of the mushroom head structure are both provided with a section of plane, a through hole is arranged between the two planes, after the guide wheel is inserted into the impeller and fixed, a corresponding through hole is formed in the wall surface of the outer cylinder body corresponding to the through hole, and a connecting rod penetrating through the through hole of the guide wheel is fixed in the through hole, so that the connecting rod and the outer cylinder body are fixed and seal the through hole of the outer cylinder body.

Furthermore, the blades of the impeller are of a spiral structure or a bent spiral blade structure which is symmetrical up and down.

Furthermore, the outer holes and the inner holes are spirally distributed, and the number of the outer holes and the number of the inner holes are 6-10.

The utility model has the advantages that:

the utility model can convert the hydraulic energy of the fracturing fluid into rotational energy for driving, and realizes the periodic opening and closing of the nozzle channel; the tool can realize high-pressure pulse perforation at multiple positions at the same time, can fully utilize the energy of fracturing fluid, and has higher perforation efficiency; the tool has compact structure, simple structure of each part and reliable generated rotary motion. The tool realizes frequency control of pulse injection by controlling the flow of fracturing fluid, is easy to change the frequency of pulse perforation and has reliable operation

The high-pressure pulse hydraulic jet fracturing tool takes the energy of fracturing fluid as power, and the impeller is pushed and the inner cylinder body is driven to rotate by the flowing of the fracturing fluid from top to bottom, so that the high-pressure pulse hydraulic jet fracturing tool is stable and reliable in motion.

The utility model can realize a plurality of high-pressure pulse jet perforation simultaneously by periodically and quickly opening and closing a plurality of jet channels, has simple working principle, higher perforation efficiency, simple structure of each part, easy installation and connection, compact overall structure, different distribution of different types of inner barrels, outer barrels and nozzles, perforation flow passages with different sizes and strong working adaptability.

The utility model realizes the change of the impact force of the fracturing fluid on the impeller by controlling the flow change of the fracturing fluid, changes the rotating speed of the impeller and the inner cylinder body to obtain the required perforation frequency, and is convenient to accurately control according to the requirement.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the inner barrel of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a top view of the inner barrel of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the outer barrel of the present invention;

FIG. 5a is a schematic structural view of a single-direction impeller according to the present invention;

FIG. 5b is a schematic structural view of the composite impeller of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a restrictor ring according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the idler of the present invention.

In the figure:

1-guide wheel, 2-outer cylinder, 3-impeller, 301-flow passage hole, 302-upper counter bore, 4-inner cylinder, 5-nozzle, 501-nozzle groove, 502-outlet end hole, 503-thread section, 6-connecting rod, 7-first bearing, 8-throttling ring, 9-second bearing, 10-spacer ring, 11-groove, 12-connecting thread, 13-inner hole, 14-step surface, 15-outer hole, 801-ring body and 802-ring spring.

Detailed Description

In the following description of the present invention, it should be noted that terms such as "upper" and "lower" are used herein only for convenience of description of the drawings, and are not intended to limit the direction in actual use, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between such entities or operations. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

As shown in fig. 1-7, a downhole high-pressure pulse hydraulic jet fracturing tool comprises a guide wheel 1, an outer cylinder 2, an impeller 3 and an inner cylinder 4, wherein the guide wheel 1 is provided with a through hole, a connecting rod 6 is inserted into the through hole and is connected with the outer cylinder 2 through the connecting rod 6, and the inside and the outside of the outer cylinder 2 are still sealed and isolated after connection; the impeller 3 is arranged on the outer side of the guide wheel 1, a threaded hole is formed in the lower end of the impeller 3, the inner barrel 4 is connected with the impeller 3 through threaded connection, a certain gap is formed between the inner barrel 4 and the impeller 3, the shape of the inner barrel 4 and the shape of the outer barrel 2 are both hollow barrels, inner holes 13 are uniformly distributed in the surface of the inner barrel 4, outer holes 15 formed by the threaded holes matched with the outer barrel 2 are formed in the surface of the outer barrel, and the outer holes 15 are connected with the nozzle 5.

The number of the outer holes 15 and the number of the inner holes 13 are 6-10 along the outer cylinder body 2 and the inner cylinder body 4. In some embodiments, the arrangement of the outer and

inner bores

15, 13 has a plurality of helically distributed angles, and the diameters of the outer and

inner bores

15, 13 at different locations may have different sizes than the diameters of the outer and

inner bores

15, 13 at other locations; the size of the nozzle 5 is determined by the sizes of the outer hole 15 and the inner hole 13, different nozzles 5 can be arranged according to different jet fracturing requirements, the nozzles can be flexibly applied to target fracturing sections with different requirements, the nozzles are aimed at forming jet channels with different distributions and different sizes, and the nozzles can be more flexibly adapted to different target fracturing layers. The outside of nozzle 5 is equipped with one section nozzle recess 501 for with install the sealing washer after the outer orifice connection of outer barrel 2, be equipped with screw thread section 503 in the outside of recess rear end the runner of nozzle is the toper runner, and exit end punchhole 502 is less than hole 13 with outer hole 15, makes its spraying dynamics higher.

The upper end of the guide wheel 1 is provided with an arc structure to form a mushroom head shape for reducing the flowing resistance of fracturing fluid, a polish rod is arranged below the guide wheel 1 and can be inserted into and fixed in an upper counter bore 302 arranged at the upper part of the impeller 3 and positioned at the center of the plurality of flow passage holes 301, and the fracturing fluid can flow uniformly in all directions, a first bearing 7 is arranged between the impeller 3 and the lower end face of the arc structure of the guide wheel 1 and used for reducing the friction between the inner cylinder 4 and the guide wheel 1 and facilitating transmission, the lower end of the outer cylinder 2 is provided with a step surface for supporting a second bearing 9 positioned at the lower end of the inner cylinder 4, the second bearing 9 is used for supporting the inner cylinder 4 and the impeller 3 and preventing the impeller 3 from generating motion unbalance during high-speed rotation and facilitating transmission, the outer sides of the upper end and the lower end of the outer cylinder 2 are provided with threads for facilitating connection with other downhole tools and facilitating installation, the nozzle 5 and the outer cylinder 2, the impeller 3 and the inner cylinder 4 are in threaded connection, and the second bearing 9 is supported through a step surface.

The upper end of the inner cylinder body 4 is provided with a baffle ring 10, a part of fracturing fluid can be blocked from flowing to the outer side of the inner cylinder body 4, a groove 11 is formed between the baffle plate and an outer hole 15 for installing a throttling ring 8, the throttling ring 8 comprises a ring body 16 and a ring spring 17, the ring body 16 is close to the inner wall of the outer cylinder body 2 under the elastic action of the ring spring 17 during working, pressure difference is formed between the upper side and the lower side of the throttling ring 8, the downward flowing resistance of the fracturing fluid is increased, the fracturing fluid is prevented from flowing downwards, and the throttling sealing effect is achieved.

The using method of the utility model comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting a well, washing and logging, selecting a well layer needing fracturing, circularly washing the well to remove impurities, and logging according to related requirements;

s2, selecting partial components, selecting proper outer cylinders 2 and proper inner cylinders 4 according to the actual condition of a target fracturing part, selecting proper sizes and numbers of nozzles 5, selecting impellers 3 according to the required perforation frequency, and selecting composite impellers 3 at high frequency;

s3, installing and putting down a high-pressure pulse hydraulic jet fracturing tool, connecting the high-pressure pulse hydraulic jet fracturing tool with an oil pipe through threads on the outer cylinder 2, and putting down the connected integral tool to a part needing fracturing;

s4, fracturing is carried out, high-pressure fracturing fluid is conveyed to a high-pressure pulse water-flushing jet fracturing tool through a pump and an oil pipe, the high-pressure high-discharge fracturing fluid flows in and partially flows out from a pore channel formed in an outer cylinder body 2, the flowing fracturing fluid firstly passes through an arc-shaped structure of a guide wheel 1 and uniformly flows along all directions, passes through a hole impact blade on an impeller 3 to enable the impeller 3 to rotate and drive an inner cylinder body 4 connected with the impeller to rotate, the fracturing fluid flows into a gap between the inner cylinder body 4 and the outer cylinder body 2 due to the fact that a baffle plate on the inner cylinder body 4 prevents the fracturing fluid from flowing into the gap between the inner cylinder body 4 and the outer cylinder body 2, the fracturing fluid flows into the inner cylinder body 4, when the inner cylinder body 4 does periodic rotating motion, a threaded through hole and a through hole are overlapped, an injection channel is opened, when the threaded through hole and the through hole are not overlapped, the injection channel is closed, so that a plurality of periodic high-pressure pulse injection perforations can be formed in the injection channel by part of the fracturing fluid in the inner cylinder body 4, the formed perforation fractures the target fracturing part;

and S5, perforation frequency control is performed, the change of the impact force of the fracturing fluid on the impeller 3 is realized by controlling the flow change of the fracturing fluid, the rotating speeds of the impeller 3 and the inner cylinder 4 are changed, the inner cylinder 4 rotates for a circle, each nozzle 5 performs pulse jet perforation once, and the required perforation frequency can be conveniently and quickly obtained by changing the rotating speed of the inner cylinder 4.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A downhole high-pressure pulse hydraulic jet fracturing tool comprises an outer cylinder (2), wherein the outer cylinder (2) is a short section with male taper threads arranged at the upper part and the lower part, the inner part of the outer cylinder is of a cylindrical cavity structure, a step is arranged at the bottom of the cavity structure, and an inner cylinder (4) is fixed in the step, and is characterized in that the inner cylinder (4) is of a hollow cylindrical structure with the upper part and the lower part both closed, a flow channel hole (301) is arranged at the upper part of the inner cylinder (4), the upper part of the inner cylinder (4) is connected with an impeller (3), and the axis of the impeller (3) is coaxial with the inner cylinder (4) and can rotate along the inner cylinder (4); the inner cylinder (4) is of a hollow structure, a plurality of side holes are formed in the wall of the inner cylinder (4) and serve as inner holes (13), a plurality of side holes are also formed in the side face of the outer cylinder (2) and serve as outer holes (15), and the inner holes (13) and the outer holes (15) are identical in size and position.

2. A downhole high-pressure pulse hydro-jet fracturing tool according to claim 1, wherein a second bearing (9) is arranged at the joint of the lower end of the inner cylinder (4) and the step inside the outer cylinder (2), the second bearing (9) enables the inner cylinder to rotate inside the outer cylinder (2), and the inner hole (13) and the corresponding outer hole (15) are kept overlapped for a certain time in one rotation period.

3. A downhole high pressure pulse hydrajetting fracturing tool as claimed in claim 2, wherein the outer cylinder (2) has a nozzle (5) mounted in its outer bore (15), the inner end of the nozzle (5) extending to the interface with the inner bore (13), and the outer end of the nozzle (5) extending beyond the outer bore (15) and a distance outwards.

4. A downhole high pressure pulse hydrajetting fracturing tool as claimed in claim 3, wherein the outer bore (15) is a threaded bore.

5. A downhole high-pressure pulse hydraulic jet fracturing tool according to claim 4, wherein the nozzle (5) is externally provided with a section of nozzle groove (501) for installing a sealing ring after being connected with the outer hole of the outer cylinder (2), the outside of the rear end of the groove is provided with a section of thread (503), the flow passage of the nozzle is a tapered flow passage, and an outlet end hole (502) is smaller than the inner hole (13) and the outer hole (15).

6. A downhole high-pressure pulse hydraulic jet fracturing tool according to claim 5, wherein a plurality of radioactive connecting pieces are arranged at the upper part of the inner cylinder (4), flow passage holes (301) are formed among the connecting pieces, the flow passage holes (301) are of a fan-shaped, rectangular or circular structure, a short column with an external thread extending upwards is arranged at the position where the connecting pieces intersect with the axis of the inner cylinder (4) and serves as a connecting thread (12), a plurality of grooves (11) are formed at the lower side of the outer end of the connecting pieces, and sealing rings for sealing and isolating the upper part and the lower part of a cavity structure of the outer cylinder (2) are arranged in the grooves (11) and serve as throttling rings (8); the inner cylinder body (4) is provided with a section of ring shape extending upwards above the throttling ring (8) as a spacer ring (10).

7. The downhole high-pressure pulse hydraulic jet fracturing tool as claimed in claim 6, wherein the upper surface of the middle part of the impeller (3) is provided with a smooth upper counter bore (302) facing downwards, the lower surface of the impeller (3) is provided with a threaded lower counter bore facing upwards, the lower counter bore is in threaded fit with the connecting thread (12) to keep the impeller (3) and the inner cylinder (4) relatively fixed, the top of the impeller (3) is provided with a first bearing (7), the first bearing (7) is connected with a guide wheel (1), the upper part of the guide wheel (1) is provided with a mushroom head structure, the lower part of the guide wheel is provided with a polish rod and is inserted into the counter bore arranged in the middle part of the impeller (3), two opposite sides of the mushroom head structure are provided with a section of plane, a through hole is arranged between the two planes, after the guide wheel (1) is inserted into the impeller (3) and fixed, and a corresponding through hole is formed in the wall surface of the outer cylinder (2) corresponding to the through hole, a connecting rod (6) penetrating through the through hole of the guide wheel (1) is fixed in the through hole, and the connecting rod (6) and the outer cylinder (2) are kept fixed and seal the through hole of the outer cylinder (2).

8. A downhole high pressure pulse hydro jet fracturing tool according to claim 7, wherein the blades of the impeller (3) are of helical structure or of bent helical blade structure which is symmetrical up and down.

9. A downhole high pressure pulse hydrajetting fracturing tool according to claim 8, wherein the outer bore (15) and the inner bore (13) are both helically distributed and are each 6-10 in number.