CN216314575U

CN216314575U - River channel microecological system construction device

Info

Publication number: CN216314575U
Application number: CN202121746324.1U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王雯雯; 费晓昕
Original assignee: Huatian Engineering and Technology Corp MCC
Current assignee: Huatian Engineering and Technology Corp MCC
Priority date: 2021-07-29
Filing date: 2021-07-29
Publication date: 2022-04-19
Anticipated expiration: 2031-07-29

Abstract

The utility model discloses a river channel microecological system construction device, which comprises a square, a cuboid or a cylindrical framework made of bamboo materials; the top of the frame is provided with a trumpet-shaped opening surrounded by a fishing net, and the periphery of the frame is coated by a fishing net cloth with small meshes; a planting groove is formed in the bottom of the frame, and plant planting matrixes are laid in the planting groove; submerged plants are planted on the substrate, and various types of aquatic animals are placed in the device. The utility model provides a micro-ecosystem construction device suitable for a river channel, which can provide places for field planting growth of submerged plants and propagation refuge of aquatic animals, and finally aims to construct a river channel water ecosystem and improve the self-purification capacity of a water body.

Description

River channel microecological system construction device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a river channel microecosystem construction device.

Background

The black and odorous water body remediation work is started in 2016 of China, and the black and odorous water body elimination proportion in China reaches 98.2% by the end of 2020 years after years of treatment. In recent years, the black and odorous water body treatment of cities on the ground level and above is gradually changed into the continuous improvement of the water environment and the section reaches the standard. The continuous improvement of the water quality of the riverway depends on the self-purification capacity of the water body, and the premise of recovering the self-purification capacity is to construct a water ecosystem.

Most of the current urban riverways in China have flood control and drainage functions, in the urban construction process, the bottoms of natural rivers are pushed flat, original soil river bottoms are covered with concrete, and natural revetments are replaced by upright retaining walls, so that the riverways become three-side-light drainage ditches.

The perfect water ecosystem has rich content, comprises a decomposer, a producer and a consumer, plays an indispensable role in material circulation and energy transfer, and can decompose and convert pollutants such as ammonia nitrogen, TP and the like in water in the running process of the system, thereby playing a role in removing water pollutants. Submerged plants are important underwater producers, absorb elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in a water body for self growth, provide an attaching space for various microorganisms capable of degrading pollutants, and also provide a food source for aquatic animals; the aquatic animals mainly comprise benthonic animals, zooplankton and fish, and are consumers, the benthonic animals can filter suspended matters and ingest biological debris, the zooplankton can ingest algae, the fish can ingest submerged plants, zooplankton and the like, and the aquatic animals can reduce the content of the suspended matters in the water body through the ingestion effect and improve the transparency of the water body. Submerged plants and aquatic animals form an underwater food chain, and in the construction of the water ecosystem, the complete food chain is the premise for the normal operation of the water ecosystem.

At present, a plurality of patents about urban three-side light river water quality purification devices are provided, but most of the patents are concentrated on planting emergent aquatic plants on floating beds or adopting artificial aquatic plants to purify water bodies. The former only depends on emergent aquatic plants to have very limited purification effect on water, and the floating bed is easy to disperse due to large flow velocity in flood season; the principle of the latter water purification depends on artificial waterweed biofilm formation, but the biomembrane is easy to turn black and dirty after being attached, and the landscape is extremely poor. Other patents focus on constructing diverse river habitat, such as constructing diverse revetments, constructing river bottom diversion structures, and the like. The construction of various habitats has certain effect on the construction of water ecosystem, but the applicability of these devices is limited, because the two sides of many urban river channels are sidewalks, no space exists or the existing vertical retaining wall is difficult to reform, and the river channel diversion structure also has the risk of hindering flood discharge.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to overcome the defects, the utility model provides a river channel microecological system construction device.

In order to achieve the aim, the river channel microecological system construction device comprises a square, rectangular or cylindrical frame made of bamboo materials; the top of the frame is provided with a trumpet-shaped opening surrounded by a fishing net, and the periphery of the frame is coated by a fishing net cloth with small meshes;

a planting groove is formed in the bottom of the frame, and plant planting matrixes are laid in the planting groove;

submerged plants are planted on the substrate, and various types of aquatic animals are placed in the device.

Furthermore, the frame of the micro-ecological device is made of bamboo tubes and bamboo chips, the bamboo tubes are divided into two parts, the edges of the device perpendicular to the river bottom are formed by a plurality of 1/2 bamboo tubes, and the concave structure of the bamboo tubes can provide a refuge and reproduction place for aquatic animals, so that the aquatic animals are prevented from being washed away in flood season; the bamboo chips are 5-10 cm in width and fixed on the adjacent 1/2 bamboo tubes to form edges parallel to the river bottom.

Furthermore, the periphery of the frame of the micro-ecological device is coated by 2 layers of fishing nets with small meshes, and the diameter of each fishing net is not more than 3 mm. The fishing net with small meshes can slow down the water flow speed in the flood season, and submerged plants and aquatic animals in the device are protected from being dispersed by the water flow.

Furthermore, the top of the micro-ecological device is provided with a horn-shaped opening surrounded by a small-mesh fishing net, the head of the horn-shaped opening is in a round shape formed by bamboo chips, the diameter of the horn-shaped opening is not less than 20cm, and the maximum diameter of the horn-shaped opening is determined by the length and width of the micro-ecological device.

Furthermore, the horn-shaped opening is of an inward-sinking type, so that an outlet can be provided for fishes in the micro-ecological device, and the water flow in the flood season is prevented from scouring the interior of the micro-ecological device. The purpose of designing an outlet for the fishes in the microecological device is to prevent accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus substances caused by insufficient number of decomposers after the nitrogen and phosphorus substances absorbed by submerged plants of a producer are transferred to the fishes of the highest-level consumers in a food chain, and the outlet is a way for transferring the nitrogen and phosphorus substances out of a water body.

Furthermore, the bottom of the micro-ecological device is a planting groove which is formed by weaving bamboo splits, the length and the width of the planting groove are matched with the size of the micro-ecological device, and the height of the planting groove is not less than 50 cm. The container has the functions of a container for planting and growing the submerged plant, and the height of not less than 50cm can reduce the washing of the root system part of the submerged plant by water flow in a flood season.

Furthermore, the fixing ribbon for fixing the bamboo chips, the bamboo tubes and the thin bamboo strips can be hemp ropes or thin-line-type plant stem and leaf tissues such as bamboo chips, rattans and the like.

Furthermore, the planting tank is internally paved with a submerged plant planting matrix which is sequentially gravel, bottom mud, zeolite and gravel from top to bottom, and the matrix is mainly used for fixing the submerged plant and providing fixation conditions for the growth of the root system of the submerged plant. The gravels, the zeolites and the gravels are common matrix fillers in the constructed wetland, and have good removal effect on ammonia nitrogen and TP in the water body. The medium-sized gravel (8-64mm) is selected, so that the bottom mud is mainly prevented from being washed by water flow, and the root system of the submerged plant is protected.

Furthermore, the thickness of the planting substrate is determined by the height of the microecological device, the thickness of the substrate is not less than 35cm, the thickness of bottom mud is not less than 20cm, and the thickness of gravel, broken stones and zeolite cushion is not less than 5 cm.

Furthermore, aquatic animals are put in the micro-ecological device, and submerged plants are planted at the bottom of the micro-ecological device. The submerged plant can be selected from Goldfish algae, hydrilla verticillata, Foliumet tailors, curly pondweed, etc.; the aquatic animals include: benthonic animals such as snails and clams, zooplankton such as shrimps and fleas, and fish; the fish comprises: filter-feeding fishes such as silver carps and bighead carps, herbivorous fishes such as grass carps and breams, omnivorous fishes such as carps and crucian carps, and carnivorous fishes such as snakeheads and catfishes.

Furthermore, according to the energy flow law of each nutrition level in the ecological system, the submerged plants and the aquatic animals in the micro-ecological device are configured to meet the requirement that the biomass of each nutrition level in the food chain is sharply and gradually reduced, and the initial stocking proportion can refer to the following proportion, namely the submerged plants: fish 2-3: 1, benthic: floating: filtering and feeding fish: grass-eating fish: and (3) fish eating miscellaneous: carnivorous fish 15:15:2:2:1: 1.

Further, the size of the micro-ecological device can be designed according to the actual situation of a river channel, and in order to achieve better water body purification effect and landscape effect, the height H of the micro-ecological device needs to meet the following requirements: h is more than or equal to 1.5m and less than or equal to 1.5 times of the dry season water depth of the riverway, and the dimension of the attached figure is length, width, height, 2m and 2 m.

The utility model provides a micro-ecosystem construction device suitable for a river channel, which can provide places for field planting growth of submerged plants and propagation refuge of aquatic animals, and finally aims to construct a river channel water ecosystem and improve the self-purification capacity of a water body.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a micro-ecosystem building apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a peripheral fishing net diagram of a micro ecosystem building apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a side view of a micro-ecosystem building apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a top view of a micro-ecosystem building apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a submerged plant growing medium of a micro ecosystem construction apparatus according to the present invention.

Wherein: 1-frame bamboo tube, 2-frame bamboo chip, 3-submerged plant planting groove, 4-trumpet-shaped opening, 5-submerged plant, 6-aquatic animal, 7-submerged plant planting matrix, 8-peripheral fishing net, 9-gravel, 10-bottom mud or soil, 11-zeolite, and 12-gravel.

Detailed Description

The utility model is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1-4, the present invention provides a micro-ecosystem construction device, fig. 1 is a frame of the micro-ecosystem device, which is composed of a frame bamboo tube 1, frame bamboo chips 2 and a submerged plant planting groove 3, and has a length, a width, a height, 2m, wherein the frame bamboo tube 1 is an 1/2 bamboo tube, and forms a ridge perpendicular to the river bottom of the device; the width of the frame bamboo sheet 2 is 7.5cm, and the frame bamboo sheet is fixed on the adjacent frame bamboo tube 1 to form an edge parallel to the river bottom.

As shown in fig. 2, the frame of the micro-ecological device is covered by a peripheral fishing net 8, the peripheral fishing net 8 is composed of 2 layers of fishing nets with mesh diameter of 3mm, and the small-mesh fishing net can slow down the water flow speed in the flood season; there is a trumpet-shaped opening 4 that is enclosed by little mesh fishing net at the top of little ecological device, and the horn mouth head is the circular that the bamboo chip constitutes, and diameter 50cm, trumpet-shaped opening 4 are the invagination formula, and this design both can provide an export for the fish in the little ecological device, avoids again flood season rivers to the inside washing away of little ecological device. The purpose of designing an export for fish in a micro-ecological device is to prevent accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus substances due to insufficient numbers of decomposers after the nitrogen and phosphorus substances absorbed by submerged plants of a producer are transferred to the fish of the highest-level consumer in a food chain, and the export is a way for the nitrogen and phosphorus substances to be transferred out of a water body.

Fig. 3 is a side view of the microecological device, the submerged plant planting groove 3 is woven by bamboo splits, the length, width, height, 2m, 0.6m, and has two functions, namely a container for the permanent planting growth of the submerged plant, and the height of 60cm can reduce the washing of the water flow to the root system part of the submerged plant in the flood season; submerged plant planting matrixes 7 are paved in the submerged plant planting tank 3, the total thickness is 35cm, the matrixes are gravel 9, bottom mud 10, zeolite 11 and crushed stone 12 from top to bottom, and the gravel 9 is selected to be of a medium particle size (8-64 mm).

The laying thickness of each layer of the submerged plant planting matrix 7 is shown in figure 5, the thickness of the gravel is 5cm, the thickness of the bottom mud is 20cm, and the thicknesses of the broken stone and the zeolite cushion layer are both 5 cm.

As shown in fig. 3, aquatic animals 6 are housed in the micro-ecological device, and submerged plants 5 are planted at the bottom. The submerged plant 5 can be selected from Goldfish algae, Alternaria gracilis, Foliumet tailer, Potamogeton crispus, etc.; the aquatic animals 6 include: benthonic animals such as snails, clams, zooplankton such as shrimps, fleas, and fish, wherein, fish includes: filter-feeding fishes such as silver carps and bighead carps, herbivorous fishes such as grass carps and breams, omnivorous fishes such as carps and crucian carps, and carnivorous fishes such as snakeheads and catfishes.

FIG. 4 is a top view of the micro-ecological device, the frame bamboo tube 1 is concave, and the concave structure of the bamboo tube can provide a place for refuge and reproduction for aquatic animals 6, so as to avoid being washed away in flood season; the horn-shaped opening 4 is designed in an inward sinking manner, so that an outlet can be provided for fishes, the scouring of water flow in a flood season to the interior of the micro-ecological device is avoided, the purpose of designing the fish outlet is to prevent nitrogen and phosphorus substances absorbed by submerged plants of a producer from being accumulated due to insufficient number of decomposers after the nitrogen and phosphorus substances are transmitted to the fishes of the highest-level consumers in a food chain, and the outlet is a way for transferring the nitrogen and phosphorus substances out of a water body; the bottom of the device is full of submerged plants 5 which are not only producers of micro-ecosystem, but also can provide habitation and breeding places for aquatic animals. The ecological system constructed on the basis of the submerged plants can achieve a good water quality purification effect, and further improves the self-purification capacity of the water body.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are also included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope defined by the claims.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a river course micro ecosystem founds device which characterized in that:

the device comprises a square, cuboid or cylindrical framework made of bamboo materials; the top of the frame is provided with a trumpet-shaped opening surrounded by a fishing net, and the periphery of the frame is coated by a fishing net cloth with small meshes;

2. The riverway micro-ecosystem building device according to claim 1, wherein: the plant planting matrix laid in the planting groove comprises zeolite, gravel, ceramsite and gravel; the matrix is laid layer by layer from bottom to top, the upper layers 1 and 2 are respectively medium-grain-size gravel and bottom mud.

3. The riverway micro-ecosystem building device according to claim 1, wherein: the aquatic animals comprise benthonic animals, zooplankton and fish; the fish includes filter feeding fish, herbivore fish, omnivore fish and carnivorous fish.

4. The riverway micro-ecosystem building device according to claim 1, wherein: the height H of the frame is as follows: h is more than or equal to 1.5m and less than or equal to 1.5 times of the water depth of the riverway in dry seasons.

5. The riverway micro-ecosystem building device according to claim 1, wherein: the horn-shaped opening is an inward-recessed horn-shaped opening.