CN216308104U - House building fire control smoke exhaust structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The application relates to a fire-fighting smoke exhaust structure of a house building, which comprises a smoke exhaust port, a movable smoke exhaust channel and a smoke exhaust component, wherein the smoke exhaust port, the movable smoke exhaust channel and the smoke exhaust component are arranged on the top wall of the house in advance; the movable smoke exhaust channel and the smoke exhaust assembly are arranged at a smoke exhaust port of the top wall of the house; the smoke outlet is used for discharging indoor smoke to the outside along with air from the smoke outlet; the movable smoke exhaust channel is used for adjusting the exposed area of the smoke exhaust port so as to adjust the smoke exhaust effect; the smoke exhaust assembly is used for assisting in exhausting smoke indoors to outdoors. This application can satisfy to a certain extent and discharge smog to outdoor demand fast when indoor smog increases.

Description

House building fire control smoke exhaust structure

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of building fire fighting technologies, in particular to a fire fighting and smoke discharging structure for house buildings.

Background

In a building, once a fire accident occurs, a large amount of smoke is generated, the smoke contains a large amount of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, a human body is poisoned after the human body inhales the carbon monoxide, the carbon dioxide content is too high, people are suffocated, the temperature of the smoke in the center of a fire is as high as 600-800 ℃, and the high-temperature smoke can also burn the respiratory tract of the human body, so the smoke is the most main factor for casualties in the fire scene.

Generally, in the process of building construction, a smoke exhaust pipeline is arranged on the wall or the roof of a building, the smoke exhaust pipeline communicates the indoor space and the outdoor space, indoor smoke is exhausted to the outdoor space through the smoke exhaust pipeline in a mechanical smoke exhaust or natural smoke exhaust mode, the effect of reducing the concentration of the indoor smoke is achieved, and therefore the survival probability of people trapped in a fire scene is increased.

Aiming at the related technologies, the inventor thinks that the pipe diameter of the smoke exhaust pipe in the related technologies is fixed, so that indoor smoke is increased greatly when indoor fire becomes large, and the smoke exhaust pipe with the fixed pipe diameter cannot meet the requirement of timely discharging a large amount of indoor smoke to the outdoor.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

With smog fast discharge to outdoor demand when increasing in order to satisfy indoor smog to a certain extent, this application provides a housing construction fire control smoke exhaust structure.

The application provides a house building fire control smoke exhaust structure adopts following technical scheme:

a fire-fighting smoke-discharging structure for house buildings comprises a smoke outlet, a movable smoke-discharging channel and a smoke-discharging component which are arranged on the top wall of a house in advance; the movable smoke exhaust channel and the smoke exhaust assembly are arranged at a smoke exhaust port of the top wall of the house; the smoke outlet is used for discharging indoor smoke to the outside from the smoke outlet; the movable smoke exhaust channel is used for adjusting the exposed area of the smoke exhaust port so as to adjust the smoke exhaust amount; the smoke exhaust assembly is used for assisting in exhausting smoke indoors to outdoors.

By adopting the technical scheme, when a fire disaster occurs in a house, smoke is generated indoors, rises along with air, and is discharged outdoors through the smoke outlet of the roof; when the fire in the house is increased, the smoke begins to increase, the exposed area of the smoke exhaust port can be increased by controlling the movable smoke exhaust channel, and the indoor smoke can be exhausted to the outside through the smoke exhaust port more quickly; when the situation is more urgent, the smoke exhaust component is started, so that the speed of discharging indoor smoke to the outdoor is accelerated; the requirement that indoor smoke is rapidly discharged outdoors when the indoor smoke is increased is met to a certain extent.

Optionally, the room of the house is communicated with the outside through the smoke outlet; the cross-sectional shape of exhaust port is the rectangle, is close to the vertical barricade that is provided with in outdoor one side on the roof of house, just the barricade is followed the circumference border setting of exhaust port.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, during rainy weather, thereby the barricade has prevented to a certain extent that ponding on the roof of house enters into indoor humidity through the exhaust port.

Optionally, the movable smoke exhaust channel comprises a fixed vertical plate, a movable vertical plate, a telescopic assembly and an air cylinder; the fixed vertical plate is vertically arranged on the top wall of the house, and the fixed vertical plate is positioned on one side of the smoke outlet along the length direction of the smoke outlet; the movable vertical plate is vertically arranged on a retaining wall on one side of the fixed vertical plate, one side surface, close to the smoke exhaust port, of the movable vertical plate is abutted with two retaining walls along the width direction of the smoke exhaust port, and the length directions of the fixed vertical plate and the movable vertical plate are consistent with the width direction of the smoke exhaust port; the telescopic assembly is arranged on a retaining wall on one side of the movable vertical plate, which is far away from the fixed vertical plate, one side of the telescopic assembly is connected with the movable vertical plate, one side of the telescopic assembly, which is far away from the movable vertical plate, is connected with a retaining wall far away from the fixed vertical plate, and the telescopic assembly is used for stretching along with the reciprocating movement of the movable vertical plate; the cylinder sets up remove the riser and deviate from on the house roof of fixed riser one side, the length direction of the piston rod of cylinder with the length direction of exhaust port is unanimous, just the tip of the piston rod of cylinder with remove the riser and be connected.

By adopting the technical scheme, the piston rod of the air cylinder is controlled to extend, so that the piston rod of the air cylinder drives the movable vertical plate to move towards the fixed vertical plate, the telescopic assembly extends along with the movement of the movable vertical plate, the gap between the fixed vertical plate and the movable vertical plate is further reduced, and the exposed area of the smoke outlet is also reduced; when indoor intensity of a fire increases, piston rod through the control cylinder contracts for the piston rod of cylinder drives and removes the riser and removes to the direction of keeping away from fixed riser, and the flexible subassembly is along with removing the riser and remove and contract, and then makes the clearance increase between the fixed riser and the removal riser, and the area that the exhaust port exposes also increases thereupon, is convenient for accelerate to discharge indoor smog to outdoor speed, has satisfied indoor smog fast when increasing outdoor demand of discharging with indoor smog to a certain extent.

Optionally, the telescopic assembly comprises a plurality of telescopic plates; the telescopic assemblies are arranged on a retaining wall on one side of the movable vertical plate, which is far away from the fixed vertical plate, and the plurality of telescopic plates are arranged in a mutually sliding mode, and the sliding direction of the telescopic plates is consistent with the length direction of the smoke outlet; a telescopic sliding groove is formed in the surface of one side, away from the smoke outlet, of each telescopic plate along the length direction of the smoke outlet, a telescopic sliding block is arranged on the surface of one side, close to the smoke outlet, of each telescopic plate, and the telescopic sliding blocks are located in the telescopic sliding grooves and are in sliding fit with the telescopic sliding grooves; limiting blocks are arranged at two ends of the telescopic sliding chute in the length direction of the telescopic sliding chute; the telescopic plate farthest from the smoke exhaust port is close to one side face of the movable vertical plate and connected with the movable vertical plate, and the telescopic plate closest to the smoke exhaust port is far away from one side face of the movable vertical plate and connected with the top wall of a house far away from the fixed vertical plate.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when the piston rod of control cylinder extends or contracts, the tip of the piston rod of cylinder drives the length direction reciprocating motion that removes the riser along the exhaust port, it drives a telescopic plate reciprocating motion farthest away from the exhaust port to remove the riser, two adjacent telescopic plates are through the sliding fit and the relative movement of flexible spout and telescopic slider, thereby the telescopic slider that just is located the telescopic plate of top removes the telescopic plate that drives the below through the spacing block that drives the below and removes, and then make telescopic assembly's length extend or shorten along with the reciprocating motion who removes the riser, and telescopic assembly shelters from the exhaust port of below, prevented to a certain extent that the rainwater enters into indoorly through the exhaust port.

Optionally, the smoke exhaust assembly comprises a motor, a first bevel gear, a mounting plate, a rotating shaft, a second bevel gear and fan blades; the motor is arranged on the top wall of the house on one side of the fixed vertical plate, and an output shaft of the motor penetrates through the fixed vertical plate and the retaining wall and then extends to the position above the smoke outlet; an output shaft of the motor is coaxially connected with the first bevel gear, one end of the mounting plate is connected with the upper end of one side surface of the fixed vertical plate close to the smoke exhaust port, and the other end of the mounting plate extends to the position above the first bevel gear; one end of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected with one end, far away from the fixed vertical plate, of the mounting plate, and the other end of the rotating shaft extends vertically downwards and is coaxially connected with the second bevel gear; the first bevel gear is meshed with the second bevel gear; the fan blades are coaxially connected with the rotating shaft.

By adopting the technical scheme, when the indoor smoke is increased due to the increase of the indoor fire, the motor can be started, the motor drives the first bevel gear to rotate, the first bevel gear rotates to drive the second bevel gear to rotate, the second bevel gear rotates to drive the rotating shaft to rotate, the rotating shaft drives the fan blades to rotate, the fan blades rotate to pump the indoor air out of a room, and further the smoke in the indoor air is pumped out of the room, so that the effect of quickening the emission of the indoor smoke to the outside of the room is realized; in addition, the temperature of smoke generated in a fire disaster is very high, and the motor is arranged on the top wall of the house on the side of the fixed vertical plate departing from the smoke outlet, so that the situation that the motor is burnt out due to contact with high-temperature smoke is prevented to a certain extent.

Optionally, follow the anticreep spout has all been seted up on the side that smoke vent width direction's twice barricade deviates from each other, just the anticreep spout all sets up along the length direction of smoke vent, it is close to remove the riser all be provided with the anticreep slider along smoke vent width direction's both sides on the side of smoke vent, the anticreep slider is located in the anticreep spout and with anticreep spout sliding fit.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the piston rod of cylinder drives and removes the riser along the length direction reciprocating motion of exhaust port, and removes the spout sliding fit on the slider on the riser and the vertical side of barricade for it is more stable to remove to be connected between riser and the barricade.

Optionally, the width of expansion plate is greater than the width that is located the expansion plate of expansion plate below, the expansion plate all is provided with the side shield along the width direction's of exhaust port both sides, and the distance two side shields on the expansion plate that the exhaust port is the farthest are close to one side of removing the riser all is connected with removing the riser.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, flexible subassembly is along with removing the riser reciprocating motion in-process, and the side shield on the flexible subassembly has prevented to a certain extent that the rainwater enters into indoorly through the gap between expansion plate and the barricade.

Optionally, when a piston rod of the air cylinder completely extends out of a cylinder body of the air cylinder, a gap is reserved between the fixed vertical plate and the movable vertical plate, and two rain-proof vertical plates are arranged between the fixed vertical plate and the movable vertical plate; the rain-proof vertical plates are respectively positioned at two sides of the width direction of the smoke outlet, and one side surface of each rain-proof vertical plate close to the corresponding fixed vertical plate is connected with the corresponding fixed vertical plate; and a canopy is arranged on the top wall of the house and used for shielding the gap.

By adopting the technical scheme, a gap is always reserved between the fixed vertical plate and the movable vertical plate, and when a fire disaster suddenly occurs indoors to generate a large amount of smoke, the indoor smoke can be discharged outdoors through the gap between the fixed vertical plate and the movable vertical plate in time; canopy and rain riser have prevented to a certain extent that the rainwater enters into indoorly through the clearance between fixed riser and the removal riser.

In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

1. when the fire in the house is increased so as to increase indoor smoke, the movable vertical plate is controlled by the air cylinder to move towards the direction departing from the fixed vertical plate, so that the exposed area of the smoke outlet is increased, and the indoor smoke can be discharged outdoors through the smoke outlet more quickly;

2. when the indoor smog increases, still can start the motor of subassembly of discharging fume, the flabellum rotation of motor drive smoke vent department, and the flabellum has accelerated indoor smog to discharge to outdoor speed to a certain extent.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 2 is a sectional structure view of an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 2.

Description of reference numerals: 1. a smoke outlet; 11. retaining walls; 111. an anti-drop chute; 12. a canopy; 121. a support leg; 122. a ceiling; 13. a limiting plate; 14. a reaction plate; 2. a movable smoke exhaust channel; 21. fixing a vertical plate; 212. a rain shielding vertical plate; 22. moving the vertical plate; 221. an extension plate; 2211. an anti-drop slide block; 222. a gap; 23. a telescoping assembly; 231. a retractable plate; 2311. a telescopic chute; 23111. a limiting block; 2312. a telescopic slide block; 232. a side dam; 24. a cylinder; 3. a smoke evacuation assembly; 31. a motor; 311. rotating the hole; 32. a first bevel gear; 33. mounting a plate; 331. mounting holes; 3311. a bearing; 34. a rotating shaft; 35. a second bevel gear; 36. a fan blade.

Detailed Description

The present application is described in further detail below with reference to figures 1-3.

The embodiment of the application discloses house building fire control smoke exhaust structure. Referring to fig. 1, a fire-fighting smoke discharging structure of a house building comprises a smoke discharging port 1, a movable smoke discharging channel 2 and a smoke discharging component 3 which are arranged on the top wall of the house in advance; the movable smoke exhaust channel 2 and the smoke exhaust component 3 are both arranged at a smoke exhaust port 1 of the top wall of the house; the smoke outlet 1 is convenient for indoor smoke to be discharged to the outside along with air from the smoke outlet 1; the movable smoke exhaust channel 2 is used for adjusting the exposed area of the smoke exhaust port 1 so as to adjust the smoke exhaust effect; the smoke exhausting assembly 3 is used for accelerating the speed of exhausting the smoke in the room to the outside.

Referring to fig. 2, the cross section of the smoke outlet 1 is rectangular, a retaining wall 11 is built on the top wall of the house on one side of the smoke outlet 1, the retaining wall 11 is arranged along the circumferential edge of the smoke outlet 1, and the retaining wall 11 prevents rainwater on the top wall of the house from entering the indoor through the smoke outlet 1 to a certain extent.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the movable smoke evacuation channel 2 comprises a fixed vertical plate 21, a movable vertical plate 22, a telescopic assembly 23 and a cylinder 24; the fixed vertical plate 21 is vertically arranged on the top wall of the house on one side of the retaining wall 11, the length direction of the fixed vertical plate 21 is consistent with the width direction of the smoke outlet 1, the side face, opposite to the retaining wall 11, of the fixed vertical plate 21 is attached, the fixed vertical plate 21 can be a masonry cement brick wall, and the fixed vertical plate 21 can also be a metal plate and is connected to the top wall of the house through expansion bolts; the movable vertical plate 22 is vertically arranged on the retaining wall 11 on one side of the fixed vertical plate 21, the length directions of the movable vertical plate 22 and the fixed vertical plate 21 are the same, and one side surface of the movable vertical plate 22 close to the smoke outlet 1 is abutted with the upper walls of the two retaining walls 11 of the retaining wall 11 along the width direction of the smoke outlet 1; one end of the telescopic component 23 close to the movable vertical plate 22 is welded with the movable vertical plate 22, the top wall of the house is vertically connected with a limiting plate 13 through an expansion bolt, the limiting plate 13 can be a masonry cement brick wall, the limiting plate 13 can also be a metal plate connected to the top wall of the house through the expansion bolt, and one end of the telescopic component 23 away from the movable vertical plate 22 is welded with the limiting plate 13; the length of the movable vertical plate 22 is greater than that of the retaining wall 11 along the length direction of the smoke exhaust port 1, the top wall of the house is connected with a reaction plate 14 through bolts, one end, far away from a piston rod of the air cylinder 24, of the air cylinder 24 is connected to the reaction plate 14 through bolts, the air cylinder 24 is located on one side, far away from the fixed vertical plate 21, of the movable vertical plate 22, and the end part of the piston rod of the air cylinder 24 is connected with the side face, along the length direction of the smoke exhaust port 1, of the movable vertical plate 22; through control cylinder 24's piston rod extension or shrink, cylinder 24's piston rod drives the length direction reciprocating motion that removes riser 22 along exhaust port 1, and flexible subassembly 23 is flexible along with removing riser 22 reciprocating motion simultaneously for the area increase or the reduction that exhaust port 1 exposes can adjust the position of removing riser 22 according to the particular case of indoor intensity of a fire and smog, and then adjusts the area size that exhaust port 1 exposes, is convenient for increase through exhaust port 1 and discharges outdoor smog volume.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the telescopic assembly 23 includes a plurality of telescopic plates 231; the plurality of telescopic plates 231 are stacked on the two retaining walls 11 along the width direction of the smoke exhaust port 1, one side face, away from the smoke exhaust port 1, of each telescopic plate 231 is provided with a telescopic sliding groove 2311, the length direction of each telescopic sliding groove 2311 is consistent with the length direction of the smoke exhaust port 1, one side face, close to the smoke exhaust port 1, of each telescopic plate 231 is provided with a telescopic sliding block 2312, each telescopic sliding block 2312 is located in each telescopic sliding groove 2311 and is in sliding fit with the corresponding telescopic sliding groove 2311, the cross sections of the telescopic sliding grooves 2311 and the telescopic sliding blocks 2312 are both in a dovetail shape or a T shape, and the connection firmness among the telescopic plates 231 is improved; two limit blocks 23111 are arranged on one side face, away from the smoke exhaust port 1, of each of the plurality of telescopic plates 231, and the two limit blocks 23111 are respectively positioned on two sides of the telescopic sliding grooves 2311 in the length direction of the telescopic sliding grooves 2311; one end, close to the movable vertical plate 22, of the telescopic plate 231 farthest from the smoke exhaust port 1 is welded with the movable vertical plate 22, and one end, away from the movable vertical plate 22, of the telescopic plate 231 closest to the smoke exhaust port 1 is connected with the limiting plate 13; if limiting plate 13 is the cement brick wall, the one end that deviates from removal riser 22 apart from 1 nearest expansion plate 231 of exhaust port passes through expansion bolts with limiting plate 13 and is connected, if limiting plate 13 is the metal sheet, the one end that deviates from removal riser 22 apart from 1 nearest expansion plate 231 of exhaust port welds with limiting plate 13.

Referring to fig. 1, the length of the telescopic plate 231 along the width direction of the smoke outlet 1 is greater than the length of the telescopic plate 231 located below along the width direction of the smoke outlet 1, side baffles 232 are welded to both sides of the plurality of telescopic plates 231 along the width direction of the smoke outlet 1, and one ends of the side baffles 232 far away from the telescopic plates 231 extend vertically and downwardly; one side of the side baffle 232 on the telescopic plate 231 farthest from the smoke exhaust port 1 and close to the movable vertical plate 22 is welded with the movable vertical plate 22, and one side of the side baffle 232 on the telescopic plate 231 closest to the smoke exhaust port 1 and close to the limiting plate 13 is welded with the limiting plate 13.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the smoke evacuation assembly 3 includes a motor 31, a first bevel gear 32, a mounting plate 33, a rotating shaft 34, a second bevel gear 35, and fan blades 36; the motor 31 is connected to the top wall of the house on one side of the fixed vertical plate 21 through an expansion bolt, the motor 31 is positioned on one side of the fixed vertical plate 21, which is far away from the movable vertical plate 22, the fixed vertical plate 21 and the retaining wall 11 are both provided with rotating holes 311, the output shaft of the motor 31 passes through the rotating holes 311 of the fixed vertical plate 21 and the retaining wall 11, and the output shaft of the motor 31 extends to the upper part of the smoke exhaust port 1; an output shaft of the motor 31 penetrates through an inner hole of the first bevel gear 32, an outer wall of the output shaft of the motor 31 is in clearance fit with an inner hole wall 222 of the first bevel gear 32, and the outer wall of the output shaft of the motor 31 is connected with the inner hole wall of the first bevel gear 32 through a flat key; one end of the mounting plate 33 is welded on one side surface of the fixed vertical plate 21 close to the movable vertical plate 22, and one end of the mounting plate 33 far away from the fixed vertical plate 21 extends to the upper part of the first bevel gear 32; the mounting plate 33 is provided with a mounting hole 331, a bearing 3311 is arranged in the mounting hole 331, and the outer wall of the bearing 3311 is in transition fit with the inner hole wall of the mounting hole 331; one end of the rotating shaft 34 passes through the inner hole of the bearing 3311, and the outer wall of the rotating shaft 34 is in transition fit with the inner hole wall of the bearing 3311; one end of the rotating shaft 34 close to the smoke outlet 1 penetrates through an inner hole of the second bevel gear 35, the outer wall of the rotating shaft 34 is matched with the inner hole wall of the second bevel gear 35 through a gap 222, and the outer wall of the rotating shaft 34 is connected with the inner hole wall of the second bevel gear 35 through a flat key; one end of the rotating shaft 34 close to the smoke outlet 1 passes through the second bevel gear 35 and then passes through the inner holes of the fan blades 36, the outer wall of the rotating shaft 34 is in clearance 222 fit with the inner hole walls of the fan blades 36, and the outer wall of the rotating shaft 34 is connected with the inner hole walls of the fan blades 36 through flat keys; the motor 31 is started, and the motor 31 drives the fan blades 36 to rotate, so that the speed of discharging indoor smoke to the outdoor is increased.

Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the two sides of the movable vertical plate 22 in the width direction of the smoke exhaust port 1 are welded with extension plates 221, the two extension plates 221 extend vertically and downwardly, the two extension plates 221 are welded with anti-drop sliders 2211, the anti-drop chutes 111 are formed in the vertical wall surfaces of the two retaining walls 11 in the width direction of the smoke exhaust port 1, the length direction of the anti-drop chutes 111 is consistent with the length direction of the smoke exhaust port 1, and the anti-drop sliders 2211 are located in the anti-drop chutes 111 and are in sliding fit with the anti-drop chutes 111; the probability that the movable vertical plate 22 is separated from the retaining wall 11 is reduced in the process that the piston rod of the air cylinder 24 drives the movable vertical plate 22 to reciprocate.

Referring to fig. 1, two rain-proof vertical plates 212 are welded on one side surface of the fixed vertical plate 21 close to the smoke outlet 1, and the two rain-proof vertical plates 212 are respectively positioned on two sides of the fixed vertical plate 21 along the width direction of the smoke outlet 1, so that rainwater is prevented from being splashed indoors through the smoke outlet 1 to a certain extent; when the piston rod of cylinder 24 all stretches out the cylinder body of cylinder 24, a side that removes riser 22 and be close to fixed riser 21 with a side looks butt that rain-proof riser 212 is close to removing riser 22, leave clearance 222 between fixed riser 21 and the removal riser 22 of being convenient for all the time, smog discharges to outdoor through clearance 222 when being convenient for indoor conflagration taking place.

Referring to fig. 1, a canopy 12 is further provided on the top wall of the house on one side of the smoke outlet 1; the canopy 12 comprises supporting legs 121 and a ceiling 122, wherein one ends of the supporting legs 121 are connected to the top wall of the house through expansion bolts, four supporting legs 121 are arranged, one ends of the supporting legs 121 far away from the house extend vertically upwards, and the ceiling 122 is welded to one ends of the four supporting legs 121 far away from the house; the condition that rainwater enters the room through the smoke outlet 1 is prevented to a certain extent; the ceiling 122 is at a high height from the ceiling wall of the house, and does not affect the smoke discharge in the case of a fire in the house.

The implementation principle of the fire protection and smoke exhaust structure of the house building is as follows: when a fire breaks out indoors, indoor smoke is discharged outdoors through the gap 222; when indoor smoke is increased, a piston rod of the control cylinder 24 extends out of a cylinder body of the cylinder 24, the piston rod of the cylinder 24 drives the movable vertical plate 22 to move towards a direction departing from the fixed vertical plate 21, and the telescopic component 23 at the smoke outlet 1 is driven by the movable vertical plate 22 to be shortened, so that the exposed area of the smoke outlet 1 is increased, and the efficiency of discharging indoor smoke to the outdoor is improved; when the indoor smoke increases sharply, the motor 31 can be started, and the motor 31 drives the fan blades 36 to rotate at the smoke outlet 1, so that the speed of discharging the indoor smoke to the outdoor can be increased.

The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a housing construction fire control smoke exhaust structure which characterized in that: comprises a smoke outlet (1) which is arranged on the top wall of a house in advance, a movable smoke exhaust channel (2) and a smoke exhaust component (3); the movable smoke exhaust channel (2) and the smoke exhaust assembly (3) are arranged at a smoke exhaust port (1) of the top wall of the house; the smoke outlet (1) is used for discharging indoor smoke from the smoke outlet (1) to the outside; the movable smoke exhaust channel (2) is used for adjusting the exposed area of the smoke exhaust port (1) so as to adjust the smoke exhaust amount; the smoke exhaust assembly (3) is used for assisting in exhausting smoke indoors to outdoors.

2. The house building fire protection and smoke exhaust structure of claim 1, wherein: the indoor of the house is communicated with the outdoor through the smoke outlet (1); the cross-sectional shape of exhaust port (1) is the rectangle, is close to the vertical barricade (11) that is provided with in outdoor one side on the roof of house, just barricade (11) are followed the circumference border setting of exhaust port (1).

3. A housing construction fire protection and smoke evacuation structure according to claim 2, wherein: the movable smoke exhaust channel (2) comprises a fixed vertical plate (21), a movable vertical plate (22), a telescopic component (23) and a cylinder (24); the fixed vertical plate (21) is vertically arranged on the top wall of the house, and the fixed vertical plate (21) is positioned on one side of the smoke outlet (1) along the length direction of the smoke outlet (1); the movable vertical plate (22) is vertically arranged on the retaining wall (11) on one side of the fixed vertical plate (21), one side surface, close to the smoke exhaust port (1), of the movable vertical plate (22) is connected with two retaining walls (11) in the width direction of the smoke exhaust port (1) in an abutting mode, and the length directions of the fixed vertical plate (21) and the movable vertical plate (22) are consistent with the width direction of the smoke exhaust port (1); the telescopic assembly (23) is arranged on the retaining wall (11) on one side of the movable vertical plate (22) departing from the fixed vertical plate (21), one side of the telescopic assembly (23) is connected with the movable vertical plate (22), one side of the telescopic assembly (23) departing from the movable vertical plate (22) is connected with the retaining wall (11) far away from the fixed vertical plate (21), and the telescopic assembly (23) is used for stretching along with the reciprocating movement of the movable vertical plate (22); the cylinder (24) sets up remove riser (22) and deviate from on the house roof of fixed riser (21) one side, the length direction of the piston rod of cylinder (24) with the length direction of exhaust port (1) is unanimous, just the tip of the piston rod of cylinder (24) with it is connected to remove riser (22).

4. A housing construction fire protection and smoke evacuation structure according to claim 3, wherein: the telescopic assembly (23) comprises a plurality of telescopic plates (231); the telescopic assemblies (23) are arranged on the retaining wall (11) on one side, away from the fixed vertical plate (21), of the movable vertical plate (22), and the plurality of telescopic plates (231) are arranged in a sliding mode, and the sliding direction of the telescopic plates is consistent with the length direction of the smoke outlet (1); a plurality of telescopic plates (231) are provided with telescopic sliding grooves (2311) on one side surface deviating from the smoke exhaust port (1) along the length direction of the smoke exhaust port (1), a telescopic sliding block (2312) is arranged on one side surface of the plurality of telescopic plates (231) close to the smoke exhaust port (1), and the telescopic sliding block (2312) is positioned in the telescopic sliding grooves (2311) and is in sliding fit with the telescopic sliding grooves (2311); two ends of the telescopic sliding groove (2311) in the telescopic sliding groove (2311) along the length direction are respectively provided with a limiting block (23111); apart from expansion plate (231) that exhaust port (1) is farthest is close to move a side of riser (22) with it is connected to move riser (22), distance expansion plate (231) that exhaust port (1) is nearest is kept away from move a side of riser (22) with keep away from the roof of the house of fixed riser (21) is connected.

5. The fire and smoke protection structure for house building according to claim 4, wherein: the smoke exhaust assembly (3) comprises a motor (31), a first bevel gear (32), a mounting plate (33), a rotating shaft (34), a second bevel gear (35) and fan blades (36); the motor (31) is arranged on the top wall of the house on one side of the fixed vertical plate (21), and an output shaft of the motor (31) penetrates through the fixed vertical plate (21) and the retaining wall (11) and then extends to the upper part of the smoke outlet (1); an output shaft of the motor (31) is coaxially connected with a first bevel gear (32), one end of the mounting plate (33) is connected with the upper end of one side surface of the fixed vertical plate (21) close to the smoke exhaust port (1), and the other end of the mounting plate (33) extends to the position above the first bevel gear (32); one end of the rotating shaft (34) is rotatably connected with one end, far away from the fixed vertical plate (21), of the mounting plate (33), and the other end of the rotating shaft (34) extends vertically downwards and is coaxially connected with a second bevel gear (35); the first bevel gear (32) is meshed with the second bevel gear (35); the fan blades (36) are coaxially connected with the rotating shaft (34).

6. A housing construction fire protection and smoke evacuation structure according to claim 3, wherein: follow anticreep spout (111) have all been seted up on the side that exhaust port (1) width direction's twice barricade (11) deviate from each other, just the length direction setting of exhaust port (1) is all followed in anticreep spout (111), it is close to remove riser (22) all be provided with anticreep slider (2211) along exhaust port (1) width direction's both sides on the side of exhaust port (1), anticreep slider (2211) are located in anticreep spout (111) and with anticreep spout (111) sliding fit.

7. The fire and smoke protection structure for house building according to claim 4, wherein: the width of expansion plate (231) is greater than and is located the width of expansion plate (231) below, expansion plate (231) all are provided with side shield (232) along the width direction's of exhaust port (1 both sides, and distance two side shield (232) on expansion plate (231) that exhaust port (1) is farthest are close to one side that removes riser (22) all is connected with removal riser (22).

8. A housing construction fire protection and smoke evacuation structure according to claim 3, wherein: when a piston rod of the air cylinder (24) completely extends out of a cylinder body of the air cylinder (24), a gap (222) is reserved between the fixed vertical plate (21) and the movable vertical plate (22), and two rain-proof vertical plates (212) are arranged between the fixed vertical plate (21) and the movable vertical plate (22); the rain-proof vertical plates (212) are respectively positioned at two sides of the width direction of the smoke outlet (1), and one side surface of each rain-proof vertical plate (212) close to the corresponding fixed vertical plate (21) is connected with the corresponding fixed vertical plate (21); a canopy (12) is arranged on the top wall of the house, and the canopy (12) is used for shielding the gap (222).

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