CN216300786U - Discharge circuit of motor controller - Google Patents
Discharge circuit of motor controller Download PDFInfo
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- CN216300786U CN216300786U CN202123043524.3U CN202123043524U CN216300786U CN 216300786 U CN216300786 U CN 216300786U CN 202123043524 U CN202123043524 U CN 202123043524U CN 216300786 U CN216300786 U CN 216300786U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a discharge circuit of a motor controller, which comprises a direct current support capacitor connected between two buses, and a passive discharge circuit and an active discharge circuit which are connected in parallel with the direct current support capacitor. The discharge circuit is internally provided with a main control unit and an active discharge monitoring circuit; the active discharge monitoring circuit is connected between the active discharge loop and the main control unit, responds to the change of voltage in the active discharge loop, and can feed back the conduction state of the active discharge loop to the main control unit. According to the discharging circuit of the motor controller, the active discharging monitoring circuit and the main control unit are arranged in the discharging circuit, the active discharging monitoring circuit is used for monitoring the voltage change condition on the active discharging circuit in real time so as to judge the conducting state of the active discharging circuit, and the voltage change condition is fed back to the main control unit, so that the active discharging state of the discharging circuit can be mastered in real time conveniently, and the control performance and the safety of the discharging circuit can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of electric automobiles, in particular to a discharge circuit of a motor controller.
Background
With the increasing development and popularization of new energy automobiles, the high-voltage safety of the whole automobile is a problem which must be concerned. The motor controller itself must achieve capacitive discharge of the dc bus in both emergency and non-emergency states. Normally, the active discharge circuit is required to discharge the voltage of the direct current bus capacitor to below 60V within 3s after the relay is disconnected from the battery, and the passive discharge circuit is required to discharge the voltage of the direct current capacitor to below 60V within 120s after the battery is disconnected. Meanwhile, in consideration of functional safety, the function of the discharge circuit needs to be diagnosed, and certain risks exist in the open-loop execution process of the function which is considered to be effective by default without adding diagnosis.
At present, passive discharge and active discharge exist independently, the passive discharge adopts a power resistor to form a passive discharge resistor in series and parallel connection, and the active discharge adopts a power resistor, a Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) and an isolated MOSFET driving circuit. When active discharging is performed, a main control unit (such as a single chip microcomputer) serving as a discharging circuit is turned on by driving a metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) in a discharging circuit, and a direct-current support capacitor (also called a direct-current-Link capacitor) between direct-current buses is discharged through a power resistor, so that the discharging process is completed.
In the existing technical scheme, the following three forms are mainly adopted:
firstly, discharging the PCB chip resistor array. Its advantages are low cost; however, the resistors are large in number and large in package, occupy the area of a Printed Circuit Board (PCB), and are not easy to monitor the discharge state, and overheating of the power resistor easily causes fire to burn the PCB, thereby affecting the normal operation of other circuits. The drive MOSFET switch needs to be isolated with a drive circuit and needs to be supplied with power by an isolation power supply, so that the cost is high, and the active discharge cannot be executed after the isolation power supply fails.
And secondly, constant current discharge of the MOSFET. Its advantages are low cost; however, the heat dissipation of the MOSFET requires special processing, which leads to increased cost; when the MOSFET is in failure and short circuit, the active discharge resistor can be overheated, and even a circuit board can be burnt out due to fire.
And thirdly, discharging the motor winding. The motor has the advantage that an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) is controlled to discharge through a motor winding, and an independent active discharge circuit is not needed. However, the working condition that the motor enters a safe mode cannot be covered, and the IGBT switch cannot be controlled in an active short circuit or safe turn-off state, so that active discharging cannot be realized.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a discharge circuit of a motor controller, which is capable of monitoring an active discharge state in real time, so as to prevent overheating and ignition which may be caused under the condition of active discharge short-circuit failure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the utility model is realized as follows:
a discharge circuit of a motor controller comprises a direct current supporting capacitor C1 connected between two buses, and a passive discharge loop and an active discharge loop which are connected in parallel with the direct current supporting capacitor C1; the discharge circuit is internally provided with a main control unit and an active discharge monitoring circuit; the active discharge monitoring circuit is connected between the active discharge loop and the main control unit, responds to the change of voltage in the active discharge loop, and can feed back the conduction state of the active discharge loop to the main control unit.
Further, the active discharge loop comprises a resistor R2 and a transistor Q1 which are arranged in series; the transistor Q1 receives a control signal from the master control unit to turn on or off the active discharge loop, and one end of the active discharge monitoring circuit is connected between the resistor R2 and the transistor Q1.
Further, the resistor R2 is a PTC resistor.
Further, the active discharge monitoring circuit comprises a detection main loop connected with the transistor Q1 in parallel, and a resistor R3 and a voltage stabilizing diode Z2 are connected to the detection main loop in series; the resistor R3 is arranged close to one end connected with the active discharge loop, a signal feedback line is arranged between the resistor R3 and the voltage stabilizing diode Z2, and the signal feedback line is connected with the main control unit.
Furthermore, a first power supply loop and a second power supply loop which are arranged in parallel are arranged in the discharge circuit;
the passive discharge loop comprises a resistor R1 and a voltage stabilizing diode Z1 which are arranged in series, and the second power supply loop is led out between the resistor R1 and the voltage stabilizing diode Z1.
Furthermore, diodes are arranged on the first power supply loop and the second power supply loop.
Furthermore, a driving circuit which is connected with the zener diode Z1 in parallel is arranged in the discharge circuit, and a resistor R4 and a transistor Q2 are connected to the driving circuit in series; the transistor Q2 is communicated with the master control unit, and a driving circuit connected with the transistor Q1 is led out between the resistor R4 and the transistor Q2; the transistor Q2 receives a signal from the main control unit, and controls the transistor Q1 through the driving line to turn on or off the active discharge loop.
Furthermore, a signal isolation unit is arranged in the discharge circuit; the signal isolation unit is used for isolation between the active discharge monitoring circuit and the main control unit and isolation between the transistor Q2 and the main control unit.
Furthermore, the power supply of the signal isolation unit is supplied by the first power supply loop and the second power supply loop, and a voltage stabilizer is arranged on a power supply line.
Further, a signal loop is arranged between the transistor Q2 and the main control unit, a signal processing unit is arranged on the signal loop, and the signal processing unit is located between the main control unit and the signal isolation unit.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages:
according to the discharging circuit of the motor controller, the active discharging monitoring circuit and the main control unit are arranged in the discharging circuit, the active discharging monitoring circuit is used for monitoring the voltage change condition on the active discharging circuit in real time so as to judge the conducting state of the active discharging circuit, and the voltage change condition is fed back to the main control unit, so that the active discharging state of the discharging circuit can be mastered in real time conveniently, and the control performance and the safety of the discharging circuit can be improved.
Meanwhile, the active discharging loop adopts a form of a series resistor R2 and a transistor Q1, the resistor R2 consumes the discharge of the direct current supporting capacitor C1, and the transistor Q1 controls the on-off of the active discharging loop, so that the on-off state of the transistor Q1 is controlled by a small-current signal; one end of the active discharge monitoring circuit is connected to a line between the resistor R2 and the transistor Q1, so that the electromotive force at the point can be obtained in real time, and whether the active discharge loop is conducted or not can be judged.
In addition, the resistor R2 adopts a PTC resistor, when the transistor Q1 is short-circuited and fails, the resistance value of the PTC resistor is increased along with the increase of the temperature, so that the discharge power is reduced, the overheating ignition is prevented, and the safety of a discharge circuit is improved.
In addition, a second power supply loop is led out from the passive discharge loop, and the passive discharge loop provides a backup power supply for the high-voltage side of the control circuit of the active discharge loop, so that the cost of power supply configuration can be saved, and the power supply safety of the active discharge loop can be ensured. And the PWM signal is adopted to control the active discharge function, so that the stability of the control signal can be improved, and the function is prevented from being triggered by mistake.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the utility model, illustrate embodiments of the utility model and together with the description serve to explain the utility model, and the description is given by way of example only and without limitation to the terms of relative positions. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a discharge circuit of a motor controller according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a signal processing unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
description of reference numerals:
1. a main control unit; 2. a signal isolation unit; 3. a signal processing unit; 4. a voltage regulator; 401. a first power supply loop; 402. a second power supply loop.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, if terms indicating orientation or positional relationship such as "upper", "lower", "inner", "back", etc. appear, they are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention; the appearances of the terms first, second, etc. in the figures are also for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In addition, in the description of the present invention, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connecting" are to be construed broadly unless otherwise specifically limited. For example, the connection may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, or through both elements. To those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in conjunction with specific situations.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
The utility model relates to a discharge circuit of a motor controller, which can monitor an active discharge state in real time and is convenient to prevent overheating and fire possibly caused under the condition of active discharge short circuit failure; an exemplary circuit schematic is shown in fig. 1.
In general, the discharge circuit of the motor controller includes a dc support capacitor C1 connected between two bus bars of the motor, and a passive discharge circuit and an active discharge circuit arranged in parallel with the dc support capacitor C1. The discharge circuit is internally provided with a main control unit 1 and an active discharge monitoring circuit; the active discharge monitoring circuit is connected between the active discharge loop and the main control unit 1, and can respond to the voltage change in the active discharge loop and feed back the conduction state of the active discharge loop to the main control unit 1.
Based on the above design concept, the discharge circuit of the motor controller of this embodiment mainly includes the main control unit 1, the dc supporting capacitor C1, an active discharge circuit, a passive discharge circuit, and an active discharge monitoring circuit.
The active discharge loop comprises a resistor R2 and a transistor Q1 which are arranged in series; the transistor Q1 receives a control signal from the main control unit 1 to turn on or block the active discharge loop; one end of the active discharge monitoring circuit is connected between the resistor R2 and the transistor Q1, and the other end of the active discharge monitoring circuit is connected with the main control unit 1, so that voltage change on the active discharge loop is converted into a signal which can be accepted by the main control unit 1 and is transmitted to the main control unit 1.
The active discharging loop adopts a form of a series resistor R2 and a transistor Q1, the resistor R2 consumes the discharge of the direct current supporting capacitor C1, and the transistor Q1 controls the on-off of the active discharging loop, so that the on-off state of the transistor Q1 is controlled by a small-current signal; one end of the active discharge monitoring circuit is connected to a line between the resistor R2 and the transistor Q1, so that the electromotive force at the point can be obtained in real time, and whether the active discharge loop is conducted or not can be judged.
The resistor R2 is preferably a PTC resistor; thus, when the transistor Q1 is short-circuited and fails, the PTC resistor increases in resistance with an increase in temperature, thereby reducing discharge power, preventing overheating and improving safety of the discharge circuit.
The active discharge monitoring circuit can be formed in various forms; in the present embodiment, the following form is adopted. The active discharge monitoring circuit comprises a detection main loop which is connected with a transistor Q1 in parallel, and a resistor R3 and a voltage stabilizing diode Z2 are connected on the detection main loop in series; the resistor R3 is arranged near one end connected with the active discharge loop, and a signal feedback line is arranged between the resistor R3 and the voltage stabilizing diode Z2 and connected with the main control unit 1. The active discharge monitoring circuit is realized by adopting a resistor R3 and a voltage stabilizing diode Z2 which are arranged in series, and the voltage stabilizing diode Z2 preferably adopts a Zener voltage stabilizing tube, so that the voltage stability of an output signal can be guaranteed; the whole detection circuit has stable performance and low configuration cost, and can well feed back the on-off state of the active discharge loop (namely the on-state of the transistor Q1) to the main control unit 1 through a feedback line. When active discharge is performed, the transistor Q1 is turned on, and the feedback signal is low; when no active discharge is occurring, transistor Q1 is off and the feedback signal is high; the feedback signal is fed back to the main control unit 1 through a feedback line.
Further, as also shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, a first power supply circuit 401 and a second power supply circuit 402, which are arranged in parallel, are provided in the discharge circuit. The passive discharge loop comprises a resistor R1 and a voltage stabilizing diode Z1 which are arranged in series and connected between the two buses. The second power supply loop 402 is led between the resistor R1 and the zener diode Z1, thereby being a redundant backup circuit for the first power supply loop 401. A first power supply loop 401 and a second power supply loop 402 which are redundant are configured for the discharge circuit, so that power supply to the driving circuit, the signal isolation unit 2 and the like can be guaranteed; the second power supply loop 402 is led out from the passive discharge loop, and the passive discharge loop provides a backup power supply for the high-voltage side of the control circuit of the active discharge loop, so that the cost of power supply configuration can be saved, and the power supply safety of the active discharge loop can be ensured.
In order to improve the stability of power supply, diodes are disposed on the first power supply loop 401 and the second power supply loop 402. Specifically, voltage stabilizing elements such as a diode D1 and a diode D2 are disposed in the first power supply circuit 401 and the second power supply circuit 402, respectively.
Based on the above circuit configuration, a driving circuit connected in parallel with the zener diode Z1 may also be provided in the discharge circuit; the on state of the transistor Q1 is controlled by the drive circuit. Specifically, a resistor R4 and a transistor Q2 are connected in series to the drive circuit; the transistor Q2 is communicated with the main control unit 1, and a driving circuit connected with the transistor Q1 is led out between the resistor R4 and the transistor Q2; the transistor Q2 receives a signal from the main control unit 1 and controls the transistor Q1 via a driving line to turn on or off the active discharge loop.
In order to realize the control of the transistor Q1, a driving circuit is configured in the discharge circuit, and is connected in parallel with the zener diode Z1 so as to be connected between the second power supply loop 402 and the bus connected with the zener diode Z1, and by using the voltage division and conduction conditions of the resistor R4 and the transistor Q2 on the driving circuit, the variation of electromotive force can be generated on the driving circuit between the two, so that the transistor Q1 is driven to be switched between conduction and cut-off; the transistor Q2 receives the signal from the main control unit 1, so that the main control unit 1 can stably control the on/off of the active discharge loop.
In order to improve the stability of signal transmission, the discharge circuit of the embodiment is further provided with a signal isolation unit 2; the signal isolation unit 2 is used for isolation between the active discharge monitoring circuit and the main control unit 1, and between the transistor Q2 and the main control unit 1. The signal isolation unit 2 can be arranged to form a circuit isolation protection function for control signals, feedback signals and the like. Meanwhile, the power of the signal isolation unit 2 is supplied by the first power supply loop 401 and the second power supply loop 402 at the same time, and a voltage regulator 4 is arranged on the power supply line. The first power supply loop 401 and the second power supply loop 402 provide power supply for the signal isolation unit 2 and the driving circuit of the transistor Q2, and the voltage regulator 4 is disposed on the power supply circuit, so that the power supply stability and reliability of the signal isolation unit 2 can be improved. The voltage regulator 4 here preferably employs an LDO (low dropout regulator); of course, the LDO chip, the linear voltage regulation chip or the discrete device can be used for building.
The main control unit 1 can adopt the existing discharge circuit control element, for example, a single chip microcomputer; and necessary signal input and output ports are arranged according to the requirement of simple discharge logic. The transistor Q1 and the transistor Q2 may be transistor components such as a transistor with suitable power and an isolation MOSFET. The signal isolation unit 2 can adopt the existing mature products such as digital isolation chips, isolation gates and the like.
In addition, in order to improve the stability of the output signal of the main control unit 1, the occurrence of false triggering is prevented; a signal processing unit 3 is arranged on a signal loop arranged between the transistor Q2 and the main control unit 1; the signal processing unit 3 is located between the main control unit 1 and the signal isolation unit 2 based on the setting condition of the isolation unit 2.
A signal processing unit 3 is arranged on a signal loop between the transistor Q2 and the main control unit 1, for example, the signal processing unit 3 adopts a PWM (Pulse width modulation) signal processing circuit, receives a signal of the single chip microcomputer, and sends the signal to the signal isolation unit 2, so as to control the transistor Q2 to operate; the PWM signal processing circuit can output low level to be connected to the digital isolation chip, can improve the stability of signals, can prevent the active discharge function from being triggered by mistake, and is safe and reliable.
Based on the setting purpose of the signal processing unit 3, the signal processing unit can be constructed in various ways, and as shown in fig. 2, a specific setting implementation mode is provided.
In the actual signal transmission process, the isolation unit 2 receives the signal output by the PWM signal processing circuit, transmits the signal to the MOSFET driving circuit of the active discharge circuit, and feeds back the feedback signal of the active discharge monitoring circuit to the single chip microcomputer. The PWM signal processing circuit receives the PWM signal of the singlechip, outputs low level to be connected to the isolation unit 2, and turns on the transistor Q1 through the MOSFET driving circuit to carry out active discharge. When the PWM signal is normally high or normally low, a high level is output, and the transistor Q1 is turned off by the MOSFET driving circuit to stop the active discharge.
To sum up, the discharge circuit of the motor controller of this embodiment, through set up initiative discharge monitoring circuit and main control unit 1 in the discharge circuit, thereby utilize the voltage change situation on the initiative discharge circuit of real time monitoring of initiative discharge monitoring circuit to judge its conducting state to feed back to main control unit 1, be convenient for master the initiative discharge state of discharge circuit in real time, do benefit to the control performance and the security that improve the discharge circuit.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the utility model, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A discharge circuit of a motor controller comprises a direct current supporting capacitor C1 connected between two buses, and a passive discharge loop and an active discharge loop which are connected in parallel with the direct current supporting capacitor C1; the method is characterized in that:
the discharging circuit is internally provided with a main control unit (1) and an active discharging monitoring circuit;
the active discharge monitoring circuit is connected between the active discharge loop and the main control unit (1), responds to the change of voltage in the active discharge loop, and can feed back the conduction state of the active discharge loop to the main control unit (1).
2. The discharge circuit of a motor controller of claim 1, wherein:
the active discharge loop comprises a resistor R2 and a transistor Q1 which are arranged in series;
the transistor Q1 receives a control signal from the master control unit (1) to turn on or off the active discharge loop, and one end of the active discharge monitoring circuit is connected between the resistor R2 and the transistor Q1.
3. The discharge circuit of a motor controller of claim 2, wherein:
the resistor R2 is a PTC resistor.
4. The discharge circuit of a motor controller of claim 2, wherein:
the active discharge monitoring circuit comprises a detection main loop which is connected with the transistor Q1 in parallel, and a resistor R3 and a voltage stabilizing diode Z2 are connected to the detection main loop in series;
the resistor R3 is arranged close to one end connected with the active discharge loop, a signal feedback line is arranged between the resistor R3 and the voltage stabilizing diode Z2, and the signal feedback line is connected with the main control unit (1).
5. The discharge circuit of the motor controller according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that:
a first power supply loop (401) and a second power supply loop (402) which are arranged in parallel are arranged in the discharge circuit;
the passive discharge loop comprises a resistor R1 and a voltage stabilizing diode Z1 which are arranged in series, and the second power supply loop (402) is led out between the resistor R1 and the voltage stabilizing diode Z1.
6. The discharge circuit of a motor controller of claim 5, wherein: diodes are arranged on the first power supply loop (401) and the second power supply loop (402).
7. The discharge circuit of a motor controller of claim 5, wherein:
a driving circuit which is connected with the voltage stabilizing diode Z1 in parallel is arranged in the discharging circuit, and a resistor R4 and a transistor Q2 are connected on the driving circuit in series;
the transistor Q2 is communicated with the master control unit (1), and a driving line connected with the transistor Q1 is led out between the resistor R4 and the transistor Q2;
the transistor Q2 receives a signal from the main control unit (1) and controls the transistor Q1 through the driving line to turn on or off the active discharge loop.
8. The discharge circuit of a motor controller of claim 7, wherein:
a signal isolation unit (2) is arranged in the discharge circuit;
the signal isolation unit (2) is used for isolation between the active discharge monitoring circuit and the main control unit (1) and between the transistor Q2 and the main control unit (1).
9. The discharge circuit of a motor controller of claim 8, wherein:
the power supply of the signal isolation unit (2) is supplied by the first power supply loop (401) and the second power supply loop (402), and a voltage stabilizer (4) is arranged on a power supply line.
10. The discharge circuit of a motor controller of claim 8, wherein:
the transistor Q2 with be equipped with signal circuit between the main control unit (1), be equipped with signal processing unit (3) on the signal circuit, just signal processing unit (3) are located main control unit (1) with between signal isolation unit (2).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202123043524.3U CN216300786U (en) | 2021-12-06 | 2021-12-06 | Discharge circuit of motor controller |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202123043524.3U CN216300786U (en) | 2021-12-06 | 2021-12-06 | Discharge circuit of motor controller |
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| CN216300786U true CN216300786U (en) | 2022-04-15 |
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| CN202123043524.3U Active CN216300786U (en) | 2021-12-06 | 2021-12-06 | Discharge circuit of motor controller |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116015039A (en) * | 2023-02-03 | 2023-04-25 | 蜂巢传动科技邳州有限公司 | Discharging circuit, motor controller and discharging method |
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2021
- 2021-12-06 CN CN202123043524.3U patent/CN216300786U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116015039A (en) * | 2023-02-03 | 2023-04-25 | 蜂巢传动科技邳州有限公司 | Discharging circuit, motor controller and discharging method |
| CN116015039B (en) * | 2023-02-03 | 2024-03-15 | 蜂巢传动科技邳州有限公司 | Discharging circuit, motor controller and discharging method |
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