CN216278144U

CN216278144U - High-efficiency internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number: CN216278144U
Application number: CN202121854478.2U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘贽维
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-08-10
Filing date: 2021-08-10
Publication date: 2022-04-12
Anticipated expiration: 2031-08-10

Abstract

The utility model provides a high-efficient internal-combustion engine, includes cylinder body, piston, connecting rod and bent axle, the piston is arranged in the cylinder body, constitute the combustion chamber between cylinder body and the piston, the piston is connected with the one end of connecting rod, the other end of connecting rod rotates with the bent axle to be connected, the top of cylinder body is equipped with (air) intake valve and the exhaust valve with the combustion chamber intercommunication, be connected with high-pressure oil nozzle, high-pressure nozzle and the high pressure water jet nozzle with the combustion chamber intercommunication in the cylinder body. This high-efficient internal-combustion engine ignites the fuel that first stage was spouted through compression ignition mode, accomplishes first stage and does work, spouts ammonium nitrate solution and urea solution and water immediately afterwards, and the high temperature high pressure that produces through the fuel burning impels ammonium nitrate and urea to decompose to produce huge energy, and because of the evaporation absorption heat of water in the solution, thereby can effectively control the temperature under the cooling part and the ventilation structure that need but drag and bear that do not have water-cooled or air-cooled traditional internal-combustion engine completely, make this technical scheme's efficiency promote by a wide margin.

Description

High-efficiency internal combustion engine

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of internal combustion engines, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency internal combustion engine.

Background

The internal combustion engine is an energy conversion device, generates a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure gas after chemical energy stored in fuel is subjected to a series of reactions to push a piston to do work, and outputs available mechanical kinetic energy outwards through a connecting rod crankshaft, so that the internal combustion engine is an indispensable power machine for current social traffic, transportation and engineering operation. The existing widely used power machines are generally traditional internal combustion engines mainly comprising diesel engines and gasoline engines. The working property of the traditional internal combustion engine is that high-temperature and high-pressure working media are generated by burning petrochemical fuels in a combustion chamber, then the high-temperature and high-pressure working media act on a piston to do work, and then mechanical kinetic energy output is realized through a connecting rod crankshaft. As is known, diesel oil and gasoline are high-quality petrochemical fuels with high heat values, the combustion temperature can reach eight hundred ℃ under normal conditions, but under the condition of oxygen enrichment and high pressure of an internal combustion engine, the temperature generated inside the internal combustion engine can reach 1500 ℃, the internal combustion engine is close to the limit temperature which can be born by steel materials of a casting machine, and the continuous operation of the internal combustion engine is seriously damaged. For this reason, the traditional internal combustion engine needs to adopt a water-cooling or air-cooling heat dissipation mode to reduce the excessive temperature inside the machine so as to maintain the normal work of the machine, and the temperature reduction is essentially realized by artificially giving up a large amount of heat to replace the long-term work of the machine. The result is a severe reduction in the operating efficiency of conventional internal combustion engines at the heavy expense of high energy consumption and high pollution. With the development of society, energy and environmental protection become two major problems of social concern, and especially under the large background of global climate warming, continuous exhaustion of petrochemical energy, and serious environmental pollution, the limit of greenhouse gas emission and the development and application of new energy are urgent. Therefore, there is a need for an internal combustion engine with higher energy conversion efficiency.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The object of the present invention is to provide a high efficiency internal combustion engine that solves the problems set forth in the background above.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows: the utility model provides a high-efficient internal-combustion engine, includes cylinder body, piston, connecting rod and bent axle, the piston is arranged in the cylinder body, constitute the combustion chamber between cylinder body and the piston, the piston is connected with the one end of connecting rod, the other end of connecting rod rotates with the bent axle to be connected, the top of cylinder body is equipped with (air) intake valve and the exhaust valve with the combustion chamber intercommunication, be connected with high-pressure oil nozzle, high-pressure nozzle and the high pressure water jet nozzle with the combustion chamber intercommunication in the cylinder body.

On the basis of the scheme, and as a preferable scheme of the scheme, the high-pressure oil nozzle is used for injecting atomized fuel oil into the combustion chamber in the first stage of the power stroke to do work in the first stage.

On the basis of the scheme, the high-pressure spray nozzle is used for spraying the ammonium nitrate solution into the combustion chamber in the second stage of the power stroke.

On the basis of the above scheme and as a preferable scheme of the scheme, the high-pressure injection nozzle is used for injecting the urea solution into the combustion chamber in the second stage of the power stroke.

On the basis of the scheme, the high-pressure water nozzle is used for spraying liquid water into the combustion chamber in the second stage of the power stroke, and the temperature in the combustion chamber is reduced by absorbing heat through vaporization.

On the basis of the above scheme and as a preferable scheme of the above scheme, the exhaust valve is connected with a turbine, and the turbine is connected with the power generation and storage device.

On the basis of the above scheme and as a preferable scheme of the above scheme, the exhaust valve is connected with a turbine, and the turbine is connected with an air compression and storage device.

On the basis of the scheme, the turbine comprises an air inlet which is connected with an exhaust valve, and a high-pressure air nozzle, a turbine spray nozzle and a turbine fuel nozzle are arranged at the position of the air inlet.

On the basis of the scheme, as a preferable scheme of the scheme, a condensing tank is arranged on the periphery of the turbine, liquid water is contained in the condensing tank, the high-pressure water spray nozzle is connected with the condensing tank, and an exhaust port at the tail end of the turbine is ended in the water in the condensing tank and is used for recovering water vapor of heat carried in tail gas and providing liquid hot water with the temperature reaching or approaching 100 ℃ for the high-pressure water spray nozzle

On the basis of and as a preferred version of the above, the ratio of the volume of the combustion chamber before and after compression is from 1:44 to 1: 48; the compression ratio of the air in the combustion chamber before and after compression is 1:22 to 1: 24.

The utility model has the following beneficial effects: the high-efficiency internal combustion engine applies work by the relay of sectionally feeding fuel, namely fuel oil which is easy to be compression-ignited is sprayed in the first stage of an acting stroke, and the fuel oil is ignited by utilizing the raised temperature of air compression to generate a large amount of heat so as to realize the work of the first stage; the method is characterized in that a proper amount of water, ammonium nitrate solution and urea solution are fed next, solutes in two solutions are detonated by high temperature and high pressure generated by fuel oil combustion in the first stage to generate huge energy, work in the second stage is realized, and meanwhile, water sprayed by a sprayed water high-pressure water spray nozzle and water in the solution sprayed by a high-pressure water spray nozzle are violently vaporized in a closed combustion cylinder, so that the internal pressure is increased, the temperature in the combustion cylinder is effectively controlled, and the method is completely different from the method that a large amount of heat is manually abandoned to realize cooling under a necessary and redundant cooling system of a water-cooled or air-cooled traditional internal combustion engine. In conclusion, the technical scheme greatly improves the output power and the conversion efficiency. In addition, a turbine is arranged behind the exhaust valve, and high-temperature and high-pressure working media discharged in the exhaust stroke act on the turbine blades to rotate, so that secondary energy conversion is realized; the turbine is provided with a condensation tank, so that a large amount of water vapor in the tail gas and high-temperature heat carried in the tail gas can be recovered.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of the suction stroke of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the first half of the compression stroke of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the second half of the compression stroke of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the first half of the power stroke of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the second half of the power stroke of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the exhaust stroke configuration of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the turbine.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of the internal combustion engine and the turbine according to the present invention.

The reference numbers are as follows:

1. a cylinder body; 2. a piston; 3. a connecting rod; 4. a crankshaft; 5. a combustion chamber; 6. an intake valve; 7. an exhaust valve; 8. a high pressure fuel injector; 9. a high-pressure spray nozzle; 10. a high pressure water spray nozzle;

11. a turbine; 111. an air inlet; 112. a high pressure air jet; 113. a turbine spray nozzle; 114. a turbine fuel nozzle; 115. a condensing tank; 12. a power generation and storage device; 13. an air compression and storage device; 14. a high pressure air conduit.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the high-efficiency internal combustion engine comprises a cylinder body 1, a piston 2, a connecting rod 3 and a crankshaft 4, wherein the piston 2 is positioned in the cylinder body 1, a combustion chamber 5 is formed between the cylinder body 1 and the piston 2, the piston 2 is connected with one end of the connecting rod 3, the other end of the connecting rod 3 is rotatably connected with the crankshaft 4, an intake valve 6 and an exhaust valve 7 which are communicated with the combustion chamber 5 are arranged at the top of the cylinder body 1, and a high-pressure oil nozzle 8, a high-pressure solvent nozzle 9 and a high-pressure water nozzle 10 which are communicated with the combustion chamber 5 are connected in the cylinder body 1.

The high-pressure fuel spray nozzle 8 is used for spraying atomized fuel into the combustion chamber 5 in the first stage of the power stroke to do work in the first stage.

The high-pressure spray nozzle 9 is used for spraying ammonium nitrate solution into the combustion chamber 5 in the second stage of the power stroke.

The high-pressure injection nozzle 9 is used for injecting urea solution into the combustion chamber 5 in the second stage of the power stroke.

The high-pressure water nozzle 10 is used for spraying liquid water into the combustion chamber 5 in the second stage of the power stroke, and absorbing heat through vaporization to reduce the temperature in the combustion chamber 5.

The operation process is as follows:

the first stroke is the intake stroke, as shown in FIG. 1, with the intake valve open and the exhaust valve closed. The piston moves from an upper stop position to a lower stop position, and a large amount of air is sucked into the combustion chamber along with the movement of the piston through the air inlet valve until the piston moves to the lower stop position.

The second stroke is a compression stroke, and is divided into a first half compression and a second half compression. In the first half of compression, as shown in FIG. 2, the intake valve is closed, the exhaust valve is opened, and the piston travels from the bottom dead center to the top dead center. In the upward travel of the piston, air in the combustion chamber is expelled through the exhaust valve as the piston travels upward, which is substantially without actual compression. When the stroke of the piston reaches half, the latter half compression is as shown in figure 3, the exhaust valve is closed, the intake valve is kept in the original closed state, the piston continues to move upwards, at the moment, the piston needs to consume certain mechanical energy to complete the compression of the air, the temperature of the air rises along with the increase of the compression ratio in the compression process until the piston moves to the upper stop position, and the air temperature in the cylinder reaches the ignition point of the fuel. The purpose of the design is to reduce the consumption of excessive mechanical energy in the compression process and delay the piston to run for one time in the next stroke acting stroke, thereby being beneficial to improving the effective conversion rate of heat energy. Unlike a traditional internal combustion engine, the exhaust valve is closed all the way through the compression stroke, and the piston compresses air all the way through.

The third stroke is a power stroke and comprises a first half-stroke power application and a second half-stroke power application, wherein the first half-stroke is shown in figure 4, an air inlet valve is closed, an exhaust valve is closed, and the piston runs from the upper stop position to the lower stop position in the running direction. When the piston finishes changing the running direction, the high-pressure oil nozzle sprays a proper amount of atomized fuel oil, the atomized fuel oil is fully mixed and contacted with high-temperature air, combustion occurs, a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure fuel gas is generated, and the piston is pushed to do work in the first stage. When the piston moves downwards to approach to a half stroke, the latter half stroke does work as shown in figure 5, a proper amount of water and a proper amount of ammonium nitrate solution and a proper amount of urea solution are sprayed into the combustion chamber by the high-pressure water spray nozzle, and after the water enters the combustion chamber, the water is immediately vaporized under the action of high-temperature and high-pressure fuel gas after absorbing corresponding heat and generates a large amount of water vapor. Not only effectively reduces the temperature in the cylinder, but also enhances the pressure in the cylinder. After the ammonium nitrate solution enters the combustion chamber, under the action of high-temperature and high-pressure fuel gas, the ammonium nitrate in the ammonium nitrate solution is immediately exposed in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment after being vaporized, and immediately undergoes decomposition and explosion to release huge mechanical kinetic energy to push the piston to do work in the second stage. During its decomposition, large amounts of nitrogen, water vapor and nitrogen dioxide are produced. The nitrogen dioxide is a high-efficiency oxidant and can promote the reaction of urea, the urea solution has a similar process with ammonium nitrate when entering a combustion chamber, water in the urea solution is immediately vaporized, then the urea separated from water molecules is immediately and violently decomposed in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment, and the urea is also a high-quality nitrogen-based fuel and can be violently reacted with the oxidant in the high-temperature and high-pressure environment.

The reaction of urea with oxygen is of the formula:

2CO(NH₂)₂+O₂→CO₂+4H₂O+2N₂

the reaction of urea with nitrogen dioxide is then of the formula:

4CO(NH₂)₂+6NO₂→4CO₂+8H₂O+7N₂

the fourth stroke is the exhaust stroke and as shown in figure 6 the intake valve is closed and the exhaust valve is opened and the piston is moving from the lower stop to the upper stop. When the power stroke is finished, the exhaust valve is opened, the intake valve is kept closed, and the high-temperature and high-pressure working medium in the combustion chamber is quickly discharged through the exhaust valve along with the rising of the piston.

In the whole circulation, because water is vaporized inside to effectively reduce the temperature, the temperature can be regulated and controlled completely under the heat dissipation parts and the ventilation structures which are necessary for the traditional internal combustion engine without any water cooling or air cooling and are redundant, and therefore the efficacy of the technical scheme is greatly improved.

The exhaust valve 7 is connected with a turbine 11, and the turbine 11 is connected with a power generation and storage device 12. Because the tail gas discharged in the exhaust stroke still has certain heat, a turbine is arranged behind the exhaust valve, and the high-temperature and high-pressure working medium discharged in the exhaust stroke acts on the turbine blades to rotate so as to realize secondary heat energy conversion.

The exhaust valve 7 is connected with a turbine 11, and the turbine 11 is connected with an air compression and storage device 13. The turbine 11 comprises an air inlet 111, the air inlet 111 is connected with the exhaust valve 7, and a high-pressure air nozzle 112 and a turbine nozzle 113 are arranged at the position of the air inlet 111. The high pressure air nozzle 112 is connected to the air compressing and storing device 13 through the high pressure air conduit 14.

When the high-temperature high-pressure working medium in the exhaust stroke is discharged to the front end of the turbine, the turbine spraying nozzle sprays a proper amount of urea solution, and the urea solution is decomposed once again under the action of the high-temperature high-pressure working medium: firstly, water in the urea solution is instantly vaporized, then the urea which is separated from water molecules is instantly and violently decomposed in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment, and reacts with residual nitrogen dioxide and oxygen in the discharged tail gas to generate a large amount of heat. Not only energy conversion is additionally increased, but also tail gas emission can be purified.

And a turbine fuel nozzle 114 is arranged at the position of the air inlet 111, and the injected fuel is mixed with air injected by the high-pressure air nozzle 112 for combustion, so that more high-pressure gas is generated, and the work of the turbine is enhanced.

The periphery of the turbine 11 is provided with a condensation tank 115, liquid water is contained in the condensation tank 115, the high-pressure water spray nozzle 10 is connected with the condensation tank 115, and an exhaust port at the tail end of the turbine 11 is ended in the water in the condensation tank 115 and is used for recovering water vapor of heat carried in tail gas and providing liquid hot water with the temperature reaching or approaching 100 ℃ for the high-pressure water spray nozzle 10. The condensing tank can recover a large amount of water vapor in the tail gas and high-temperature heat carried in the tail gas. The specific process is as follows: and the tail gas carrying high temperature enters the condensation tank through an exhaust port at the tail end of the turbine, liquid water is contained in the condensation tank, water vapor in the high temperature tail gas is condensed into the liquid water, and the temperature of the water in the condensation tank is raised. The device is utilized to recover water vapor and heat, water with increased temperature flows into the water tank through the pipeline after tail gas heat is recovered, and the water is sprayed into the piston again by the high-pressure water spray nozzle to participate in acting on the piston, so that the cyclic application of basic heat is realized, and the purpose of energy conservation is achieved.

The volume of the combustion chamber 5 before and after compression is in the ratio of 1:44 to 1:48, which facilitates the efficient conversion of machine-to-thermal energy into mechanical energy.

The compression ratio of the air in the combustion chamber 5 before and after compression is 1:22 to 1:24 due to half-way virtual pressure, so that the temperature of the compressed air can be effectively increased to the ignition temperature of fuel oil, and unnecessary loss of mechanical energy due to high-specific compression can be avoided.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the utility model. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A high efficiency internal combustion engine characterized by: including cylinder body (1), piston (2), connecting rod (3) and bent axle (4), piston (2) are arranged in cylinder body (1), constitute combustion chamber (5) between cylinder body (1) and piston (2), piston (2) are connected with the one end of connecting rod (3), the other end and bent axle (4) of connecting rod (3) rotate to be connected, the top of cylinder body (1) is equipped with (6) of air intake valve and exhaust valve (7) with combustion chamber (5) intercommunication, be connected with high-pressure oil nozzle (8), high-pressure nozzle (9) and high-pressure water nozzle (10) with combustion chamber (5) intercommunication in cylinder body (1).

2. A high efficiency internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 1 wherein: the high-pressure oil nozzle (8) is used for spraying atomized fuel oil into the combustion chamber (5) in the first stage of the power stroke to do work in the first stage.

3. A high efficiency internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 2 wherein: the high-pressure spray nozzle (9) is used for spraying ammonium nitrate solution into the combustion chamber (5) in the second stage of the power stroke.

4. A high efficiency internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 2 wherein: the high-pressure injection nozzle (9) is used for injecting urea solution into the combustion chamber (5) in the second stage of the power stroke.

5. A high efficiency internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 3 or 4 wherein: the high-pressure water nozzle (10) is used for spraying liquid water into the combustion chamber (5) in the second stage of the power stroke, and absorbing heat through vaporization to reduce the temperature in the combustion chamber (5).

6. A high efficiency internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 1 wherein: the exhaust valve (7) is connected with a turbine (11), and the turbine (11) is connected with a power generation and storage device (12).

7. A high efficiency internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 1 wherein: the exhaust valve (7) is connected with a turbine (11), and the turbine (11) is connected with an air compression and storage device (13).

8. A high efficiency internal combustion engine as set forth in any one of claims 6 or 7 wherein: the turbine (11) comprises an air inlet (111), the air inlet (111) is connected with an exhaust valve (7), and a high-pressure air nozzle (112), a turbine nozzle (113) and a turbine fuel nozzle (114) are arranged at the position of the air inlet (111).

9. A high efficiency internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 8 wherein: the periphery of the turbine (11) is provided with a condensation tank (115), liquid water is contained in the condensation tank (115), the high-pressure water spray nozzle (10) is connected with the condensation tank (115), and an exhaust port at the tail end of the turbine (11) is ended in the water inside the condensation tank (115) and is used for recovering water vapor of heat carried in tail gas and providing liquid hot water with the temperature reaching or approaching 100 ℃ for the high-pressure water spray nozzle (10).

10. A high efficiency internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 1 wherein: the ratio of the volume of the combustion chamber (5) before and after compression is 1:44 to 1: 48; the compression ratio of the air in the combustion chamber (5) before and after compression is 1:22 to 1: 24.