CN216273941U

CN216273941U - Biomass dry distillation equipment

Info

Publication number: CN216273941U
Application number: CN202123100541.6U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 罗斌
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-12-10
Filing date: 2021-12-10
Publication date: 2022-04-12
Anticipated expiration: 2031-12-10

Abstract

A biomass retort apparatus, comprising: the biomass dry distillation device comprises at least two dry distillation chambers, a biomass container accommodated in the dry distillation chambers, a main combustion chamber for supplying hot air flow to the dry distillation chambers, a secondary combustion chamber for combusting smoke discharged by the dry distillation chambers, and a plurality of valves, wherein the dry distillation chambers are provided with doors and can be used for the container to enter and exit, the dry distillation chambers are also provided with steam pipes communicated with the environment, hot air pipes communicated with the main combustion chamber and pyrolysis steam pipes, and the valves are configured to open/close the pyrolysis steam pipes, open/close the hot air pipes and open/close a passage between the main combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber. The biomass container and the dry distillation chamber are of a separated structure, so that the circular continuous production can be realized, and the loading and unloading time of the traditional dry distillation kiln can be greatly shortened; the steam-state product generated by pyrolysis is used as fuel, so that the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved; the secondary combustion chamber is arranged, so that the smoke discharged by the dry distillation chamber can be combusted secondarily, and the pollutant discharge is reduced.

Description

Biomass dry distillation equipment

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of carbon-containing pyrolysis equipment, in particular to biomass dry distillation equipment.

Background

Charcoal is a product with large consumption in daily life and industrial production, and the current charcoal production carbonization methods mainly comprise an earth kiln, a spontaneous combustion method and a dry distillation method. Although the quality of charcoal can be guaranteed in the earth kiln, the carbonization time is longer, the production efficiency is lower, the smoke generated during the charcoal gasification is larger, the harmful gas contained in the tail gas is directly discharged into the atmosphere, the environment is seriously polluted, and the environment-friendly requirement is not met. Most manufacturers adopt a spontaneous combustion method for carbonizing the kiln; the spontaneous combustion method is to carbonize the material by the heat generated by the material, and is essentially anoxic combustion, and has the defects of dead angle during carbonization and low yield. The carbonization method has the advantages of short carbonization time, no smoke and dust, simple operation, ensured product quality, 100 percent of carbonization rate, no pulverization of carbonized materials and high appearance quality, so the carbonization technology is the most suitable carbonization technology for popularization and application at present. However, the dry distillation type carbonization equipment used at present has the following defects:

1. the temperature field is not balanced, and the carbonization rates are different. Because the bottom heating mode is adopted, the steel container wall is heated in a heat transfer mode, the temperature near the combustion chamber is high, and the temperature at the far end is low, the temperature field in the container is unbalanced, the carbonization rate is different, and the quality of the produced product is uneven.

2. The production efficiency is low. Because the dry distillation kiln body is a biomass container, on one hand, the material loading and unloading operation is complicated and the time is long; on the other hand, after carbonization is finished, the carbonization chamber needs to be kept in a closed oxygen-isolated state, and charcoal can be unloaded to enter the next production flow after cooling to a certain temperature, so that long waiting time is needed, and the production efficiency is low.

3. High energy consumption and serious environmental pollution. The gas generated by the carbonization pyrolysis reaction and the flue gas generated by the combustion of the fuel are all discharged into the environment, so that a large amount of flue gas is discharged, and the environment is seriously polluted.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The object of the present invention is to provide a biomass retorting apparatus that addresses, at least to some extent, the above-mentioned deficiencies of the related art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows:

a biomass retort apparatus, comprising:

the tail ends of the at least two dry distillation chambers are provided with openable doors, the head ends of the at least two dry distillation chambers are provided with pyrolysis steam pipes, hot steam pipes and steam pipes communicated with the environment, and the bottoms of the at least two dry distillation chambers are provided with tracks and exhaust channels along the direction of entering and exiting the doors;

the biomass container is accommodated in the dry distillation chamber in a matching way with the track, is connected with one end of the pyrolysis steam pipe and one end of the steam pipe, and has intervals with all walls of the dry distillation chamber, and the biomass container can enter and exit from the door;

the main combustion chamber is connected with the other end of the pyrolysis gas pipe and the other end of the hot gas pipe so as to receive vapor products generated by pyrolysis reaction in the biomass container and supply hot gas flow to the carbonization chamber;

the secondary combustion chamber is connected with the chimney, the blower, the primary combustion chamber and the exhaust channel of each dry distillation chamber, so that fresh air is blown into the smoke flowing out of the dry distillation chamber to support combustion, the smoke is fully combusted and then is discharged;

a number of valves configured to: opening/closing the pyrolysis gas pipe, opening/closing the steam pipe, opening/closing the hot gas pipe, and opening/closing a passage between the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber.

Preferably, at any operating time, the biomass container in the at least one retort chamber is operated in a dry state and the biomass container in the at least one retort chamber is operated in a pyrolyzed state; wherein, the pyrolysis steam pipe of the biomass container working in a dry state is closed, the hot gas pipe is opened and the steam pipe is opened; the biomass container working in the pyrolysis state is provided with a pyrolysis steam pipe which is opened, a hot gas pipe which is opened and a steam pipe which is closed.

Preferably, the hot gas pipe is also provided with a flow valve which can adjust the flow of hot gas supplied to the carbonization chamber.

Preferably, the pyrolysis steam pipe and the steam pipe are formed by the same tee pipe.

Preferably, the hot air pipe is arranged in the middle of the head end of the dry distillation chamber in the vertical direction, the three-way pipe is arranged at the position close to the top end of the head end of the dry distillation chamber, and the exhaust channel is arranged between two tracks in the dry distillation chamber.

Preferably, the dry distillation chambers are horizontally arranged side by side, the secondary combustion chamber is arranged on one side of the main combustion chamber far away from the dry distillation chamber, and an exhaust passage of the dry distillation chamber is connected with the secondary combustion chamber through the lower part of the main combustion chamber.

Preferably, the retort chamber, the primary combustion chamber, the secondary combustion chamber and the pipeline are covered with heat insulation bodies.

Preferably, all retort chambers are supplied with hot gas flow from the same primary combustion chamber.

Preferably, the biomass dry distillation apparatus further comprises:

a temperature sensor configured to collect a temperature of the retort chamber; and

and the controller is electrically connected with the temperature sensor and the control end of each valve and is used for controlling the biomass dry distillation equipment to automatically operate.

Preferably, the chimney is further connected with a drying container, and the chimney is further provided with a valve which can control hot air flow generated by combustion in the secondary combustion chamber to flow to the drying container or be discharged into the environment.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has at least the following beneficial effects:

because the biomass container and the dry distillation chamber are of a separated structure, after the biomass dry distillation is finished, the hot air flow valve is closed, the container is pulled out of the dry distillation chamber and is pushed into the container loaded with the biomass again, and then the next dry distillation can be carried out, so that the continuous production in a circulating way can be realized, and the loading and unloading time of the traditional dry distillation kiln can be greatly shortened.

The steam-state product generated by pyrolysis flows back to the main combustion chamber to be used as fuel, so that energy can be saved, emission can be reduced, and the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction can be achieved.

Because the biomass container and each wall of the dry distillation chamber are separated, hot air flow can be transmitted to all surfaces of the biomass container, so that the biomass container is heated uniformly, and the carbonization rate consistency is good.

The secondary combustion chamber is arranged, so that the smoke discharged by the dry distillation chamber can be combusted secondarily, the pollutant discharge is reduced, the secondary combustion chamber is controllably communicated with the main combustion chamber, and the smoke can be combusted by means of the high temperature of the main combustion chamber when the temperature of the smoke entering the secondary combustion chamber is lower.

After the flow valve is arranged on the hot air pipe, the flow of hot air supplied to the dry distillation chamber can be adjusted, so that the dry distillation device can adapt to the dry distillation characteristics of different raw materials containing carbon, and the final heating temperature and the heating rate can be controlled to produce more stable and high-quality products.

After the dry distillation chamber, the main combustion chamber, the secondary combustion chamber and the pipeline are covered with the heat insulation body, the heat loss can be reduced, and the fuel is saved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the construction of a biomass dry distillation apparatus;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of pyrolysis gas pipes, hot gas pipes, steam pipes, and exhaust passages;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram thereof;

reference numerals:

1. a dry distillation chamber; 2. a main combustion chamber; 3. a chimney; 4. a secondary combustion chamber; 5. a blower; 6. a first valve; 7. a steam pipe; 8. a pyrolysis gas pipe; 9. a hot gas pipe; 10. an exhaust passage; 11. a biomass container; 12. a second valve; 13. a third valve; 14. and a fourth valve.

Detailed Description

The utility model is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.

Referring to fig. 1, the biomass dry distillation apparatus includes: two dry distillation chambers 1, two biomass containers 11 (see figure 3), a primary combustion chamber 2, a secondary combustion chamber 4 and a plurality of valves.

The right end (i.e., the end) of the retort chamber 1 is provided with a door through which the retort chamber 1 can be opened/closed.

Two rails (not shown) are provided at the bottom of the retort chamber 1 in the direction of the door for moving in and out of the retort chamber 1, and the biomass container 11 is accommodated in the retort chamber 1 in cooperation with the rails, so that the biomass container 11 can be easily pulled out from the retort chamber 1 along the rails and the biomass-loaded container 11 can be easily pushed into the retort chamber 1 by opening the door of the retort chamber 1.

When the biomass container 11 is accommodated in the dry distillation chamber 1, a space (see fig. 3) is formed between the biomass container 11 and each wall of the dry distillation chamber 1, and the space forms an airflow channel, so that hot airflow can surround the container 11, a balanced temperature field can be formed in the biomass container 11, and the biomass carbonization consistency can be improved.

Wherein, the dry distillation chamber 1 is rectangular, the two dry distillation chambers 1 are arranged side by side and connected into a whole, and the specification of the two dry distillation chambers 1 is preferably the same.

The main combustion chamber 2 is provided at the left end (i.e., the head end) of the retort chamber 1.

The secondary combustion chamber 4 is arranged close to the main combustion chamber 2, the secondary combustion chamber 4 is connected with the main combustion chamber 2 through a first valve 6, and the secondary combustion chamber 4 is further connected with a chimney 3 and an air blower 5.

Referring to fig. 2, a pyrolysis steam pipe 8 is disposed at the left end (i.e., the head end) of the dry distillation chamber 1, a hole is disposed at a position corresponding to the pyrolysis steam pipe 8 at the left end of the biomass container, when the biomass container is placed in the dry distillation chamber 1, the pyrolysis steam pipe 8 is inserted into the hole and is communicated with the inside of the biomass container, and the other end of the pyrolysis steam pipe 8 is communicated with the main combustion chamber 2. In this way, the vaporous product produced during the pyrolysis reaction of the material within the biomass vessel may be sent to the primary combustion chamber 2 for use as fuel.

The steam pipe 7 is arranged at the left end of the dry distillation chamber 1, when the biomass container is placed in the dry distillation chamber 1, the steam pipe 7 is communicated with the interior of the biomass container, and the other end of the steam pipe 7 is communicated with the environment. In this way, steam generated during the drying phase of the material in the biomass container can be discharged through the steam pipe 7.

In this embodiment, the steam pipe 7 and the pyrolysis steam pipe 8 are implemented by the same three-way pipe, one end of the three-way pipe extends into the dry distillation chamber 1, the second end of the three-way pipe is exposed in the environment, and the third end of the three-way pipe extends into the main combustion chamber 2. After the steam pipe 7 and the pyrolysis steam pipe 8 adopt the three-way pipe, two holes do not need to be arranged on the biomass container, and the structure is simpler, but the utility model is not limited to the structure.

The left end of the dry distillation chamber 1 is also provided with a hot air pipe 9, one end of the hot air pipe 9 is communicated with the dry distillation chamber 1, and the other end is communicated with the main combustion chamber 2, and the hot air pipe is used for transmitting hot air flow generated by the main combustion chamber 2 to the dry distillation chamber 1 and heating a biomass container in the dry distillation chamber 1. The hot gas pipe 9 is preferably disposed at the middle of the left end of the dry distillation chamber 1 in the up-down direction, so that the hot gas flow entering the dry distillation chamber 1 can be more easily diffused to the periphery of the biomass container.

An exhaust passage 10 is arranged at the bottom of the dry distillation chamber 1 along the left-right direction, namely the direction of a door entering and exiting the dry distillation chamber 1, the exhaust passage 10 passes through the lower part of the primary combustion chamber 2 and is communicated with the secondary combustion chamber 4, and is used for conveying the flue gas in the dry distillation chamber 1 to the secondary combustion chamber 4, mixing the flue gas with fresh air blown in by a blower 5, fully combusting the flue gas and then discharging the flue gas from a chimney 3.

Referring to fig. 3, a first valve 6 is provided in a passage between the primary combustion chamber 2 and the secondary combustion chamber 4, and the passage is opened or closed by the first valve 6. The pyrolysis gas pipe 8 is provided with a second valve 12, and the pyrolysis gas pipe 8 can be opened or closed through the second valve 12. A third valve 13 is provided in the exhaust duct 10, and the exhaust duct 10 can be opened or closed by the third valve 13. The steam pipe 7 is provided with a fourth valve 14, the steam pipe 7 can be conducted or closed by the fourth valve 14, and the steam pipe 7 and the pyrolysis steam pipe 8 are shown as a single body in fig. 3 because the same tee pipe is used for both pipes. The hot gas pipe 9 is also provided with a valve (not shown) by which the hot gas pipe 9 can be opened or closed.

When the biomass drying device is used, firstly, biomass raw materials are filled into a biomass container 11, the biomass container 11 is pushed into a dry distillation chamber 1 through a rail and then sealed, fuel is put into a main combustion chamber 2 and ignited, hot air generated by combustion enters the dry distillation chamber 1 through a hot air pipe 9 to heat the biomass container 11, the biomass is heated and then firstly enters a drying stage to release water vapor, in the drying stage, a second valve 12 is closed, a fourth valve 14 is opened, the water vapor released by the biomass is discharged into air through a steam pipe 7, the water vapor is reduced along with the gradual temperature rise of the biomass and enters a pyrolysis stage, a pyrolysis reaction can generate combustible gaseous products, in the pyrolysis stage, the second valve 12 is opened, the fourth valve 14 is closed, and the gaseous products generated by the pyrolysis of the biomass are guided to the main combustion chamber 2 through a pyrolysis steam pipe 8 to combust. After the biomass container 11 is heated by hot air flow in the dry distillation chamber 1, the hot air flow enters the secondary combustion chamber 4 through the exhaust passage 10, is mixed with fresh air blown by the air blower 5, is fully combusted, and then enters the chimney 3 to be discharged into the air. The working states of the biomass containers 11 in the two dry distillation chambers 1 are controlled by opening and closing the valves on the hot air pipes 9 of the two dry distillation chambers 1, so that the biomass in the two dry distillation chambers 1 is alternately in a drying state and a pyrolysis state, namely, at any working time, the biomass container 11 in at least one dry distillation chamber 1 works in the drying state, and the biomass container 11 in at least one dry distillation chamber 1 works in the pyrolysis state, thereby enabling the dry distillation process to continuously supply fuel to the main combustion chamber 2. After the biomass is subjected to dry distillation, the valve on the hot air pipe 9 is closed, the biomass container 11 is pulled out of the dry distillation chamber 1 and pushed into the container loaded with the biomass again, the loading and unloading time of the traditional dry distillation kiln is greatly shortened, and the circular continuous production can be realized. Wherein the first valve 6 does not need to be opened when the temperature of the flue gas entering the secondary combustion chamber 4 is high. When the temperature of the flue gas entering the secondary combustion chamber 4 is low and the flue gas cannot be combusted, the second valve 6 is opened, and the high temperature of the primary combustion chamber 2 is utilized and combined with the fresh air blown by the air blower, so that the flue gas is combusted, and the pollutant emission is reduced.

Furthermore, a flow valve can be arranged on the hot gas pipe 9, the flow of hot gas supplied to the dry distillation chamber 1 can be adjusted through the flow valve, the dry distillation characteristics of different carbon-containing raw materials can be adapted, and therefore the final heating temperature and the heating rate can be controlled, and more stable and high-quality products can be produced.

Furthermore, the retort chamber 1, the primary combustion chamber 2, the secondary combustion chamber 4 and the pipelines can be covered with heat insulation bodies, so that the heat loss can be reduced.

In the above embodiment, the hot gas pipe 9 is provided at the middle position in the vertical direction of the head end of the retort chamber 1, the three-way pipe serving as the steam pipe 7 and the pyrolysis gas pipe 8 is provided at the position near the top end of the head end of the retort chamber 1, and the exhaust passage 10 is provided between two rails in the retort chamber 1. On one hand, the hot air flow is favorably diffused to the periphery of the biomass container 11, the guide of the water vapor generated in the drying stage and the steam-state product generated in the pyrolysis stage is favorably realized, the discharge of the smoke in the dry distillation chamber 1 is favorably realized, and on the other hand, the space in the dry distillation chamber 1 is fully utilized.

In the above embodiment, the dry distillation chambers 1 are horizontally arranged side by side, the secondary combustion chamber 4 is arranged on one side of the main combustion chamber 2 far away from the dry distillation chamber 1, and the exhaust passage 10 of the dry distillation chamber 1 is connected with the secondary combustion chamber 4 through the lower part of the main combustion chamber 2, so that the structure is compact, and the occupied space can be reduced.

It should be understood that the number of retorting chambers 1 can also be designed as three, four or more. All retort chambers 1 are supplied with hot gas flow from the same main chamber 2.

And further, a temperature sensor can be arranged in the dry distillation chamber, the valves adopt electric control valves, a controller is arranged, the controller monitors the temperature of the dry distillation chamber through the temperature sensor, and the dry distillation process is judged according to the monitored temperature, so that the valves are controlled to be opened and closed, and the automatic operation of the biomass dry distillation equipment is realized.

The chimney is communicated with the drying container, a valve is arranged on the chimney to control the flow direction of hot air flow generated by combustion in the secondary combustion chamber, the hot air flow can be selectively discharged into the environment, or the hot air flow can be selectively sent into the drying container to dry raw materials in the drying container. Therefore, the flue gas is further utilized, and better effects of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved.

The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments, and the detailed description is only for the purpose of helping those skilled in the art understand the present invention, and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Various modifications, equivalent changes, etc. made by those skilled in the art under the spirit of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biomass dry distillation apparatus, comprising:

2. The biomass retort plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hot gas pipe is also provided with a flow valve which can adjust the flow of hot gas supplied to the dry distillation chamber.

3. The biomass retort plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pyrolysis steam pipe and the steam pipe are composed of the same three-way pipe.

4. The biomass retort plant according to claim 3, characterized in that: the hot gas pipe is arranged at the middle position of the head end of the dry distillation chamber in the vertical direction, the three-way pipe is arranged at the position close to the top end of the head end of the dry distillation chamber, and the exhaust channel is arranged between two tracks in the dry distillation chamber.

5. The biomass retort plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: the dry distillation chambers are horizontally arranged side by side, the secondary combustion chamber is arranged on one side of the main combustion chamber far away from the dry distillation chamber, and an exhaust passage of the dry distillation chamber is connected with the secondary combustion chamber through the lower part of the main combustion chamber.

6. The biomass retort plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: the dry distillation chamber, the primary combustion chamber, the secondary combustion chamber and the pipeline are covered with heat insulation bodies.

7. The biomass retort apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

8. The biomass retorting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the chimney is further connected to a drying vessel, and the chimney is further provided with a valve for controlling the flow of hot gas generated by combustion in the secondary combustion chamber to the drying vessel or to the environment.