CN216251598U - High-power single-mode fiber laser - Google Patents
High-power single-mode fiber laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN216251598U CN216251598U CN202122711318.9U CN202122711318U CN216251598U CN 216251598 U CN216251598 U CN 216251598U CN 202122711318 U CN202122711318 U CN 202122711318U CN 216251598 U CN216251598 U CN 216251598U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a high-power single-mode fiber laser which comprises an oscillator and an amplifier, wherein the oscillator structurally comprises a forward pumping module (1), a high-reflectivity fiber grating (2), a low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber (3), a low-reflectivity fiber grating (4), a backward pumping module (5) and a laser output module (6). The amplifier structurally comprises a seed source (7), a forward pumping module (1), a low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber (3), a backward pumping module (5) and a laser output module (6). The low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber is a rare earth ion-doped fiber which has a lower absorption coefficient at the wavelength of the maximum absorption coefficient, a larger fiber core mode field diameter and a smaller numerical aperture. The utility model simultaneously inhibits the mode instability effect and the stimulated Raman scattering effect and has lower photon darkening effect.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of high-power fiber lasers, and relates to a novel scheme of a high-power single-mode fiber laser.
Background
High power single mode fiber lasers are important light sources for industrial processing applications, and currently, high brightness single path power boosting is mainly limited by transverse mode instability effect (TMI) and stimulated raman scattering effect (SRS). The occurrence of TMI can reduce the beam quality, limit the power increase and even threaten the laser safety; the presence of SRS can induce TMI generation on the one hand and reduce system efficiency, spectral purity and beam quality on the other hand. Conventional wisdom has been that increasing the absorption coefficient of a fiber can shorten the length of the gain fiber and thus reduce the effect of nonlinear effects. However, for a high-power fiber laser, the threshold of the TMI effect is usually lower, and the TMI effect rather than the nonlinear effect occurs first, so that the high-power fiber laser continues to be built by using the conventional gain fiber, and the laser output with high beam quality cannot be obtained. Meanwhile, the high absorption also brings problems of photodarkening and the like, and the long-time reliability of the optical fiber is reduced. Theoretical studies suggest that TMI is mainly derived from mode coupling caused by thermal load, and therefore, reduction of thermal load is advantageous for suppression of TMI. In order to effectively inhibit the TMI effect, researchers use a semiconductor pump source with a low absorption coefficient wavelength to pump, so as to reduce heat generation per unit length, but the method must increase the length of the optical fiber in order to obtain sufficient absorption, so as to enhance the nonlinear effect, so that the contradiction of the power increase of the traditional high-power single-mode fiber laser is very sharp.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a high-power single-mode fiber laser, which at least comprises: the device comprises a forward pumping module (1), a low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber (3), a backward pumping module (5) and a laser output module (6); the forward pumping module (1) and the backward pumping module (5) both comprise optical output fibers and input end fibers, and the optical output fibers of the forward pumping module (1) are connected with one end of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber (3) into a whole through optical fiber fusion; the optical output fiber of the backward pumping module (5) is connected with the other end of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber (3) into a whole through optical fiber fusion, and the optical input end fiber of the backward pumping module (5) is connected with the laser output module (6) into a whole through optical fiber fusion; the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber (3) is a quartz glass fiber doped with single rare earth ions, the cladding absorption coefficient of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber (3) at the most strong pumping absorption wavelength is 0.3dB/m-0.8dB/m, the fiber core diameter is 25 mu m-50 mu m, the cladding diameter is 400 mu m-1000 mu m, and the fiber core numerical aperture is 0.03-0.055. .
Furthermore, the rare earth ions include ytterbium ions, erbium ions, thulium ions and holmium ions.
Further, the single-mode fiber laser can be used for a laser oscillator, and when the single-mode fiber laser is used as the laser oscillator, a high-reflectivity fiber grating (2) is respectively inserted into the fibers between the forward pumping module (1) and the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber (3); and a low-reflectivity fiber grating (4) is inserted between the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber (3) and the backward pumping module (5).
Furthermore, the central wavelength of the high-reflectivity fiber grating (2) corresponds to the wavelength range with the maximum gain of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber, the reflectivity of the high-reflectivity fiber grating (2) is more than 99%, the reflection bandwidth is 1nm-3nm, the fiber core, the cladding diameter and the numerical aperture parameter of the fiber are the same as those of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber (3), and the central wavelength of the low-reflectivity fiber grating (4) is the same as that of the high-reflectivity fiber grating (1); the reflectivity of the low-reflectivity fiber grating is 15% -5%, the reflection bandwidth is 0.1nm-2nm, the fiber core, the cladding diameter and the numerical aperture parameter of the fiber are the same as those of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber (3), and the two fiber gratings are respectively connected with the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber (3) and the forward pumping module (1) or the backward pumping module (5) through fiber fusion.
Further, the central wavelength of the low-reflectivity fiber grating (4) and the central wavelength of the high-reflectivity fiber grating (1) are in the range of 1060nm to 1090 nm.
Further, the single mode fiber laser can be used as a laser amplifier, the laser amplifier including: a seed source (7); the output optical fiber of the seed source (7) is fused with the input end optical fiber of the forward pumping module (1) into a whole; the central wavelength of the seed source (7) corresponds to the wavelength range with the maximum gain of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber (3), and the output power of the seed source is 50W-300W.
Further, the laser output module (6) comprises a cladding light filter and an optical fiber output end cap, and the diameter and the numerical aperture of the fiber core of the optical fiber used by the laser output module (6) are not smaller than those of the signal light output optical fiber of the backward pumping module (5).
Furthermore, the forward pumping module (1) and the backward pumping module (5) have the same optical structure, and have an optical output fiber, an input end fiber and a pumping signal coupler, and pumping light is injected into the inner fiber cladding of the optical output fiber through the pumping signal coupler and then is conducted into the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber (3); the input end optical fiber can transmit signal light output by a seed source or transmit light output of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain optical fiber (3) to the laser output module (6) through a fiber core, and the numerical aperture and the diameter of the fiber core of the input end optical fiber are not smaller than the numerical aperture and the diameter of the fiber core of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain optical fiber (3).
Further, the central wavelength of the output light of the forward pumping module (1) and the backward pumping module (5) is 976 nm.
The technical effects that the scheme is adopted can be achieved as follows:
the low-doped gain fiber can easily realize the low fiber core numerical aperture, and the threshold value of the mode instability effect of the gain fiber can be improved on the premise of not obviously increasing the number of the fiber core support modes by combining the large fiber core diameter design; meanwhile, the increase of the diameter of the fiber core can well relieve the increase of the length of the optical fiber caused by the reduction of the absorption. The scheme inhibits the mode instability effect through the low absorption coefficient caused by low doping; nonlinear effects such as stimulated Raman scattering and the like are balanced through a large mode field and a low numerical aperture. The design well relieves two problems of limiting the power increase of the single-mode fiber laser, simultaneously does not increase the difficulty of fiber preparation, and can well improve the defects of high-concentration doped fibers such as photodarkening and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a new scheme of a high-power single-mode fiber laser.
Fig. 2 is a second schematic diagram of the structure of a new scheme of a high-power single-mode fiber laser.
The labels in the figure are: the optical fiber laser comprises a 1-forward pumping module, a 2-high-reflectivity fiber grating, a 3-low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber, a 4-low-reflectivity fiber grating, a 5-backward pumping module, a 6-laser output module and a 7-seed source.
Detailed Description
The utility model aims to disclose a novel scheme of a high-power single-mode fiber laser, which simultaneously inhibits mode instability effect and stimulated Raman scattering effect by designing low-doped, large-mode-field and low-numerical-aperture fibers from the angle of fiber preparation. The absorption intensity of pump light is controlled by using a low-doped fiber, so that the thermal load of a gain fiber is relieved, and the increase of the gain fiber caused by the reduction of the absorption coefficient and the enhancement of the nonlinear effect (SRS) are controlled by increasing the area of a mode field. Compared with the traditional gain optical fiber, the low-doping naturally brings a low numerical aperture, and the low-doping optical fiber can easily make the numerical aperture of the fiber core smaller, for example, 0.04, so that the mode field area is increased, and the number of modes supported by the fiber core is not obviously increased, so that the nonlinear effect is weakened on the premise of keeping the beam quality, and the simultaneous inhibition of two physical limitations is realized. The method is simpler than the traditional method for manufacturing the low numerical aperture gain optical fiber in process realization. In addition, the photon darkening effect is reduced due to the reduction of the doping concentration, which also enhances the reliability of the laser.
The technical scheme of the utility model is as follows:
the new scheme of the high-power single-mode fiber laser comprises an oscillator and an amplifier, wherein the oscillator comprises a forward pumping module connected with a high-reflectivity fiber grating, a high-reflectivity fiber grating connected with a low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber, a low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber connected with a low-reflectivity fiber grating, a low-reflectivity fiber grating connected with a backward pumping module, and a backward pumping module connected with a laser output module. The connection of each part is realized by optical fiber fusion.
The low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain optical fiber is a quartz glass optical fiber doped with single rare earth ions, the rare earth ions comprise ytterbium ions, erbium ions, thulium ions, holmium ions and the like, the absorption coefficient of a cladding of the optical fiber at the maximum pumping absorption wavelength is 0.3dB/m-0.8dB/m (for example, the maximum ytterbium-doped optical fiber absorption wavelength is 976nm), the diameter of a fiber core is 25 mu m-50 mu m, the diameter of the cladding is 400 mu m-1000 mu m, and the numerical aperture of the fiber core is 0.03-0.055.
The forward pumping module injects pumping light into the fiber outer cladding of the high-reflectivity fiber grating through a pumping coupling device, such as a pumping signal coupler, the fiber parameters of the two devices are the same, and the pumping wavelength of the forward pumping module is the strongest absorption wavelength of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber.
The central wavelength of the high-reflectivity fiber grating corresponds to the wavelength range with the maximum gain of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber, for example, for an ytterbium-doped fiber, the wavelength range is 1060nm-1090 nm; the reflectivity of the high-reflectivity fiber grating is more than 99%, the reflection bandwidth is 1nm-3nm, the fiber core, the cladding diameter and the numerical aperture parameter are the same as those of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber, and low-loss fusion is ensured.
The central wavelength of the low-reflectivity fiber grating is the same as that of the high-reflectivity fiber grating; the reflectivity of the low-reflectivity fiber grating is 15% -5%, the reflection bandwidth is 0.1nm-2nm, the fiber core, the cladding diameter and the numerical aperture parameter of the fiber are the same as those of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber, and low-loss fusion is ensured.
The backward pumping module injects pumping light into the inner cladding of the low-reflectivity fiber grating through a pumping coupling device, such as a pumping signal coupler, and the diameter of the beam combining end of the pumping signal coupler is the same as that of the outer cladding of the low-reflectivity fiber grating; the backward pumping module has a signal light conduction function, can conduct the generated signal light to the laser output module through a fiber core, and conducts the corresponding parameters of the fiber core numerical aperture and the diameter of the signal light, which are not less than those of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber; the pumping wavelength of the backward pumping module is the strongest absorption wavelength of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber.
The laser output module is a structure for outputting the generated high-power laser, and comprises a cladding light filter and an optical fiber output end cap, wherein the diameter and the numerical aperture of a fiber core of the used optical fiber are not less than the corresponding parameters of the signal light output optical fiber of the backward pumping module.
The amplifier structure comprises the following components: the seed source is connected with the forward pumping module, the forward pumping module is connected with the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain optical fiber, the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain optical fiber is connected with the backward pumping module, and the backward pumping module is connected with the laser output module. The connection of each part is realized by optical fiber fusion.
The low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain optical fiber is a quartz glass optical fiber doped with single rare earth ions, the rare earth ions comprise ytterbium ions, erbium ions, thulium ions, holmium ions and the like, the absorption coefficient of a cladding of the optical fiber at the maximum pumping absorption wavelength is 0.3dB/m-0.8dB/m (for example, the maximum ytterbium-doped optical fiber absorption wavelength is 976nm), the diameter of a fiber core is 25 mu m-50 mu m, the diameter of the cladding is 400 mu m-1000 mu m, and the numerical aperture of the fiber core is 0.03-0.055.
The central wavelength of the seed source corresponds to the wavelength range with the maximum gain of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber, for example, for the ytterbium-doped fiber, the wavelength range is 1060nm to 1090 nm; the output power of the seed source is 50W-300W.
The forward pumping module injects pumping light into the fiber outer cladding of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber through a pumping coupling device, such as a pumping signal coupler, and injects seed light into the fiber core of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber, the diameter of the output fiber outer cladding of the pumping signal coupler is the same as that of the outer cladding of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber, the diameter of the fiber core is not more than that of the fiber core of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber, and the pumping wavelength of the forward pumping module is the strongest absorption wavelength of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber.
The backward pumping module injects pumping light into the outer cladding of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber through a pumping coupling device, such as a pumping signal coupler, and the beam combining end of the pumping signal coupler has the same diameter as the outer cladding of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber; the backward pumping module has a signal light conduction function, can conduct amplified signal light to the laser output module through a fiber core, and conducts corresponding parameters of the fiber core numerical aperture and the diameter of the signal light, which are not less than those of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber; the pumping wavelength of the backward pumping module is the strongest absorption wavelength of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber.
The laser output module is a structure for outputting the generated high-power laser, and comprises a cladding light filter and an optical fiber output end cap, wherein the diameter and the numerical aperture of a fiber core of the used optical fiber are not less than the corresponding parameters of the signal light output optical fiber of the backward pumping module.
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The utility model has the innovation that the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber is adopted, so that the mode instability effect and the stimulated Raman scattering effect can be simultaneously inhibited. The utility model will be further illustrated with reference to the following figures.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a new scheme for a high power single mode fiber laser, commonly referred to as an oscillator configuration, which includes (1) a forward pumping module centered at 976nm, power 1300W, and an output fiber inner cladding of 400 μm. (2) The high-reflectivity fiber grating with the center wavelength of 1080nm, the reflectivity of 99 percent and the reflection bandwidth of 4nm has the fiber size of 30/400 mu m and the numerical aperture of a fiber core of 0.05. (3) The absorption coefficient of 976nm wavelength is 0.6dB/m, the diameter of the fiber core is 30 μm, the numerical aperture is 0.05, the diameter of the cladding is 400 μm, the length of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture ytterbium-doped fiber is 25m, and (4) the central wavelength is 1080nm, the reflectivity is 10%, the low-reflectivity fiber grating with the reflection bandwidth of 2nm, the fiber is 30/400 μm, and the numerical aperture of the fiber core is 0.05. (5) A backward pumping module with the central wavelength of 976nm, the power of 5000W, an output optical fiber of 30/400 μm, and the numerical aperture of a fiber core of 0.05. (6) The laser output module comprises a cladding light filter and an optical fiber output end cap, the adopted optical fiber is 30/400 mu m, and the numerical aperture of the fiber core is 0.05. The forward pumping module couples pump light into an inner cladding of a high-reflectivity fiber grating (2), the pump light enters a cladding of a low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture ytterbium-doped fiber (3) after passing through the high-reflectivity fiber grating (2) and is continuously absorbed by a fiber core, the high-reflectivity fiber grating (2), the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber (3) and the low-reflectivity fiber grating (4) form a fiber resonator, the absorbed pump light is converted into laser in the fiber core, the backward pumping module (5) can also inject the pump light on the one hand, on the other hand, the generated laser is conducted to a laser output module (6) through a signal arm, wherein the laser output module (6) comprises a cladding light filter and a fiber output end cap.
Fig. 2 is a second schematic diagram of a new scheme of a high power single mode fiber laser, commonly referred to as an amplifier configuration, including (1) a forward pump module with a central wavelength of 976nm, (3) a low-doped large mode field low numerical aperture ytterbium-doped fiber with a 976nm wavelength absorption coefficient of 0.6dB/m, a core diameter of 30 μm, a numerical aperture of 0.05, and a length of 25m, (5) a backward pump module with a central wavelength of 976nm, (6) a laser output module, and a seed source with a central wavelength of 1080nm and a power of 80W. Laser of the seed source (1) and pump light of the forward pumping module (2) are injected into the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture ytterbium-doped optical fiber (3) through a signal arm and a pumping arm of the forward pumping module (1), pump light of the backward pumping module (5) is also injected into a cladding of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture ytterbium-doped optical fiber (3), the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain optical fiber (3) continuously amplifies the seed light after absorbing the pump light, the seed light is output to the laser output module (6) through the signal arm of the backward pumping module (5), and the laser output module (6) comprises a cladding light filter and an optical fiber output end cap.
Example 1
The following provides a specific embodiment corresponding to the structural schematic diagram 1 of the present invention: the utility model provides a new scheme of high power single mode fiber laser, includes forward pumping module (1), high reflectivity fiber grating (2), low numerical aperture gain fiber (3) of big mode field of low doping, low reflectivity fiber grating (4), backward pumping module (5), laser output module (6).
Further, the forward pumping module (1) pumps light with the central wavelength of 976nm and the power of 1300W.
The central wavelength of the high-reflectivity fiber grating (2) is 1080nm, the reflectivity is 99%, and the reflection bandwidth is 4 nm.
The low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber (3) is an ytterbium-doped fiber, the absorption coefficient at 976nm is 0.6dB/m, the diameter of a fiber core is 30 mu m, the numerical aperture is 0.05, and the length is 25 m.
The central wavelength of the low-reflectivity fiber grating (4) is 1080nm, the reflectivity is 10%, and the reflection bandwidth is 2 nm.
The backward pumping module (5) pumps light with the central wavelength of 976nm and the power of 5000W.
The laser output module (6) comprises a cladding light filter and an optical fiber output end cap.
The single-mode 1080nm waveband laser output with the forward output power larger than 5kW can be obtained by utilizing the embodiment.
Example 2
The following provides a specific embodiment corresponding to the structural schematic diagram 2 of the present invention: the new scheme of the high-power single-mode fiber laser comprises a seed source (7), a forward pumping module (1), a low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber (3), a backward pumping module (5) and a laser output module (6).
Furthermore, the central wavelength of the seed source (7) is 1080nm, the single-mode input is realized, the power is 80W, and the output optical fiber is 20/400 μm.
The central wavelength of pump light of the forward pump module (1) is 976nm, the power is 1300W, and signal input and output optical fibers are all 20/400 mu m.
The low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber (3) is an ytterbium-doped fiber, the absorption coefficient at 976nm is 0.6dB/m, the diameter of a fiber core is 30 mu m, the diameter of a cladding is 400 mu m, the numerical aperture is 0.05, and the length is 25 m.
The backward pumping module (5) pumps light with the central wavelength of 976nm and the power of 5000W.
The laser output module (6) comprises a cladding light filter and an optical fiber output end cap, the adopted optical fiber is 30/400 mu m double-cladding optical fiber, and the numerical aperture of a fiber core is 0.05.
The single-mode 1080nm waveband laser output with the forward output power larger than 5kW can be obtained by utilizing the embodiment.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the above preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A high power single mode fiber laser, characterized in that it comprises at least: the device comprises a forward pumping module (1), a low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber (3), a backward pumping module (5) and a laser output module (6); the forward pumping module (1) and the backward pumping module (5) both comprise optical output fibers and input end fibers, and the optical output fibers of the forward pumping module (1) are connected with one end of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber (3) into a whole through optical fiber fusion; the optical output fiber of the backward pumping module (5) is connected with the other end of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber (3) into a whole through optical fiber fusion, and the optical input end fiber of the backward pumping module (5) is connected with the laser output module (6) into a whole through optical fiber fusion; the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber (3) is a quartz glass fiber doped with single rare earth ions, the cladding absorption coefficient of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber (3) at the most strong pumping absorption wavelength is 0.3dB/m-0.8dB/m, the fiber core diameter is 25 mu m-50 mu m, the cladding diameter is 400 mu m-1000 mu m, and the fiber core numerical aperture is 0.03-0.055.
2. The single mode fiber laser of claim 1, wherein said rare earth ions include ytterbium, erbium, thulium, holmium ions.
3. The single mode fiber laser according to claim 1, characterized in that it can be used as a laser oscillator, when used as a laser oscillator, with a high reflectivity fiber grating (2) inserted in the fiber between the forward pumping module (1) and the low doped large mode field low numerical aperture gain fiber (3), respectively; and a low-reflectivity fiber grating (4) is inserted between the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber (3) and the backward pumping module (5).
4. The single mode fiber laser of claim 3, wherein the central wavelength of the high reflectivity fiber grating (2) corresponds to the wavelength range where the gain of the low doped large mode field low numerical aperture gain fiber is maximum, the reflectivity of the high reflectivity fiber grating (2) is > 99%, the reflection bandwidth is 1nm-3nm, the fiber core, cladding diameter and numerical aperture parameters are the same as those of the low doped large mode field low numerical aperture gain fiber (3), and the central wavelength of the low reflectivity fiber grating (4) is the same as that of the high reflectivity fiber grating (2); the reflectivity of the low-reflectivity fiber grating is 15-5%, the reflection bandwidth is 0.1-2 nm, and the fiber core, cladding diameter and numerical aperture parameters of the fiber are the same as those of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber (3).
5. The single-mode fiber laser according to claim 4, wherein the high-reflectivity fiber grating (2) and the low-reflectivity fiber grating (4) are formed by fusion splicing or directly on the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber (3), and when the fusion splicing is adopted, the two fiber gratings are respectively connected with the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber (3) and the forward pumping module (1) or the backward pumping module (5) through fiber fusion splicing.
6. The single mode fibre laser of claim 4 wherein the low reflectivity fibre grating (4) and the high reflectivity fibre grating (2) have centre wavelengths in the range 1060nm to 1090 nm.
7. The single mode fiber laser of claim 1, wherein said single mode fiber laser is capable of operating as a laser amplifier, said laser amplifier comprising: a seed source (7); the output optical fiber of the seed source (7) is fused with the input end optical fiber of the forward pumping module (1) into a whole; the central wavelength of the seed source (7) corresponds to the wavelength range with the maximum gain of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber (3), and the output power of the seed source is 50W-300W.
8. The single mode fiber laser of any of claims 1-7, wherein the laser output module (6) comprises a cladding light filter and a fiber output end cap, the laser output module (6) using a fiber core diameter and numerical aperture that is not less than a fiber core diameter and numerical aperture of a backward pump module (5) signal light output fiber.
9. The single mode fiber laser of any of claims 1-7, wherein the forward pump module (1) and the backward pump module (5) are optically identical, having a light output fiber, an input end fiber and a pump signal coupler, and wherein the pump light is injected into the inner fiber cladding of the light output fiber through the pump signal coupler and then conducted into the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain fiber (3); the input end optical fiber can transmit signal light output by a seed source or transmit light output of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain optical fiber (3) to the laser output module (6) through a fiber core, and the numerical aperture and the diameter of the fiber core of the input end optical fiber are not smaller than the numerical aperture and the diameter of the fiber core of the low-doped large-mode-field low-numerical-aperture gain optical fiber (3).
10. The single mode fibre laser of claim 1 wherein the centre wavelength of the output light of the forward and backward pump modules (1, 5) is 976 nm.
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