CN216216444U - Energy-saving three-phase asynchronous motor - Google Patents

Abstract

An energy-saving three-phase asynchronous motor comprises a three-phase asynchronous motor body, a frequency converter body, a voltage-stabilized power supply, a power switch, a signal acquisition mechanism, a control mechanism and a control circuit; the signal acquisition mechanism comprises a shell, a linear sliding resistor, a cylinder, a spring, a piston and an upper cover which are arranged together, wherein liquid is filled at the inner lower end of the cylinder, and the shell is arranged at the outer side of the upper end of the shell of the three-phase asynchronous motor body; the control mechanism comprises a shell A and a photoelectric switch which are arranged together, and the shell A is arranged at the side end of the production equipment; the frequency converter body, the stabilized voltage power supply, the power switch and the control circuit are arranged in the shell and are electrically connected with the adjustable resistor and the photoelectric switch. This novel ability is automatic adjusts its input power according to motor body's load, can self-closing power when production facility stop work. This is novel to have realized that the structure is simple relatively, work is more reliable, and has realized the purpose of saving the electric energy. Based on above, this novel good prospect that has.

Description

Energy-saving three-phase asynchronous motor

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of motors, in particular to an energy-saving three-phase asynchronous motor.

Background

Three-phase asynchronous motors are an extremely widely used electrical power plant. With the development of industrial technology, the application of the frequency converter enables motors including three-phase asynchronous motors to achieve the purpose of energy conservation. When the existing three-phase asynchronous motor is controlled by a frequency converter, a PLC generally acquires a working load signal of the three-phase asynchronous motor through a related sensor, and then the PLC outputs voltage or current signals with different sizes to an adjusting signal end of the frequency converter through an analog output module according to the acquired signal; when the load of the three-phase asynchronous motor is large, the signal voltage output by the analog quantity output module is high, so that the working frequency output by the frequency converter to the three-phase asynchronous motor is high, the three-phase asynchronous motor outputs larger power, and the requirement of the load is effectively ensured; when the load of the three-phase asynchronous motor is small, the signal voltage output by the analog quantity output module is low, so that the purposes of saving electricity and energy are achieved on the premise that the working frequency output by the frequency converter to the three-phase asynchronous motor is low and the output power of the three-phase asynchronous motor is small to meet the working requirement of the load.

Because the existing three-phase asynchronous motor is controlled by a frequency converter, a PLC (programmable logic controller) with higher cost and an analog output module are required to be used, and therefore, the application of the three-phase asynchronous motor is limited. The frequency converter controls the work of the three-phase asynchronous motor, and the working mode of the three-phase asynchronous motor cannot be controlled according to actual production requirements; for example, in the case of a production line without raw material input, the three-phase asynchronous motor still works electrically, and unnecessary electric energy waste is caused after a long time. In summary, it is necessary to provide an energy-saving three-phase asynchronous motor which does not need a PLC or the like as a control signal, uses a relatively low-cost mechanism as an output operating frequency of a control frequency converter, and can timely disconnect an operating power supply when a production line stops operating.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to overcome the defects that the existing three-phase asynchronous motor with frequency converter control is limited by the structure, a PLC (programmable logic controller) with higher cost and an analog output module are required to be adopted, the application of the three-phase asynchronous motor is limited to a certain extent, and the working power supply cannot be disconnected when a production line stops working, so that the electric energy is wasted.

The technical scheme adopted by the utility model for solving the technical problems is as follows:

an energy-saving three-phase asynchronous motor comprises a three-phase asynchronous motor body, a frequency converter body, a voltage-stabilized power supply and a power switch, and is characterized by also comprising a signal acquisition mechanism, a control mechanism and a control circuit; the signal acquisition mechanism comprises a shell, a linear sliding resistor, a cylinder, a spring, a piston and an upper cover, wherein liquid is filled at the inner lower end of the cylinder, a guide rod is arranged on the piston, the piston is positioned in the cylinder, the spring is sleeved outside the guide rod, the upper cover is provided with a guide hole, the guide rod is positioned in the guide hole, the upper cover is arranged on the cylinder, the cylinder is arranged at one end of the rear side of the shell, the rear part of the cylinder is positioned outside the rear end of the shell, the sliding resistor is arranged at the other end of the rear side of the shell, and the upper end of the guide rod and a handle of the sliding resistor are arranged together; the shell is arranged on the outer side of the upper end of the shell of the three-phase asynchronous motor body; the control mechanism comprises a shell A and a photoelectric switch, the photoelectric switch is arranged in the shell A, a detection head of the photoelectric switch is positioned in an opening of the shell A, and the shell A is arranged at the side end of the production equipment; the frequency converter body, the voltage-stabilized power supply, the power switch and the control circuit are arranged in the shell; the other end of the adjustable resistor is electrically connected with an adjusting signal end of the frequency converter body, a signal output end of the control circuit is electrically connected with a signal input end of the frequency converter body, a power output end of the frequency converter body is electrically connected with a power input end of the three-phase asynchronous motor body, and a signal output end of the photoelectric switch is electrically connected with a signal input end of the control circuit.

Further, the stabilized voltage supply is an alternating current to direct current switching power supply module.

Furthermore, the lower end of the cylinder body of the signal acquisition mechanism is tightly attached to the shell of the three-phase asynchronous motor.

Furthermore, the outer diameter of a piston of the signal acquisition mechanism is larger than the inner diameter of the cylinder, and the upper end and the lower end of the piston are respectively provided with a fixing plate with the outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder.

Further, the photoelectric switch of the control mechanism is a PNP type infrared reflection photoelectric switch.

Further, the control circuit comprises a resistor, an NPN triode, a relay, a capacitor and an electromagnetic contactor which are electrically connected, one end of the first resistor is connected with the base electrode of the NPN triode and one end of the second resistor, the collector electrode of the NPN triode is connected with the negative electrode power input end of the relay, the positive electrode of the relay is connected with the input end of the control power supply, the normally open contact end of the relay is connected with the positive electrode power input end of the contactor, the negative electrode power input end of the contactor is connected with the emitting electrode of the NPN triode and the negative electrode of the capacitor, and the positive electrode of the capacitor is connected with the other end of the second resistor.

The utility model has the beneficial effects that: the utility model is based on the three-phase asynchronous motor body and the frequency converter body, and adopts a low-cost signal acquisition mechanism as a signal control source of a frequency converter adjusting signal end, in application, when the three-phase asynchronous motor body has large working load and the temperature change generated by a shell can act on acetone liquid in a cylinder, the higher the load is, the higher the temperature is, so that the acetone liquid can push a piston to move upwards at different heights under different temperature rises, the resistance value of a corresponding adjustable resistor can synchronously change, the signal voltage input to the frequency converter body can change, when the three-phase asynchronous motor body has large working load, the working frequency output by the frequency converter body is relatively high, otherwise, the working frequency is relatively low, and the output power of the frequency converter can be automatically adjusted according to the load of the motor body. In this novel, under the combined action of control mechanism and control circuit, can self-closing power when production facility stop work (for example electric conveyor line equipment stops output raw materials to next production facility). This is novel to have realized that the structure is simple relatively, work is more reliable, and has realized saving the electric energy purpose. Based on the above, the novel device has a good application prospect.

Drawings

The utility model is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the signal acquisition mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of the present invention.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, an energy-saving three-phase asynchronous motor comprises a three-phase asynchronous motor body M, a frequency converter body U3, a regulated power supply U1, a power switch K, a signal acquisition mechanism, a control mechanism and a control circuit 1; the signal acquisition mechanism comprises a shell 2, a linear sliding resistor RP, a cylinder 3, a spring 4, a piston 5 and an upper cover 6, wherein acetone liquid 7 is arranged at the inner lower end of the cylinder 3, a guide rod 51 is arranged at the middle part of the piston 5 through a screw nut, the piston 5 is positioned in the cylinder 3 and positioned at the upper end of the liquid 7, the spring 4 is sleeved outside the guide rod 51, a guide hole is arranged at the middle part of the upper cover 6, the upper part of the guide rod 51 is positioned in the guide hole (can move up and down along the guide hole), the upper cover 6 is arranged on the cylinder 3 through internal threads at the lower end and external threads at the upper end of the cylinder 3, the cylinder 3 is arranged (can be fixed in a welding mode) at the rear left end of the shell 2 and the rear part is positioned outside the rear end (provided with an opening) of the shell 2, the sliding resistor RP is vertically arranged (the sliding resistor RP is welded on a circuit board, the circuit board is arranged at the rear right side in the shell 2 through the screw nut), the upper end of the guide rod 51 is welded with an ┍ -shaped connecting pipe 52, the right side of the connecting pipe 52 is installed with the left end of the handle of the sliding resistor RP together (the handle is sleeved in the connecting pipe, the handle is fixed by clamping the connecting pipe, and a lead connected with the sliding resistor is led out upwards through an opening at the upper end of the shell); the shell 2 of the signal acquisition mechanism is arranged on the outer side of the upper end of a stator shell of the three-phase asynchronous motor body M by screw nuts; the control mechanism comprises a shell A8, a photoelectric switch U2 and a rectangular permanent magnet 9, wherein the magnet 9 is bonded on the outer lower side of the front end of a shell A8 by glue ((and is positioned on a plane with the front end of the shell A), the photoelectric switch U2 is longitudinally arranged in the upper end of the shell A8, a detection head of the photoelectric switch U2 is positioned outside an opening at the front end of the shell A8, the shell A8 is attracted by the magnet 9 (or the shell A is fixed by a screw and a nut) at the side end (for example, positioned on the side end of an electric conveying line) of production equipment, and the frequency converter body U3, a stabilized voltage power supply U1, a power switch K and the control circuit 1 are arranged on a circuit board at the right side end in the shell 2.

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the power of a three-phase asynchronous motor body M is 5KW, and the working voltage is 380V; the model of the frequency converter body U3 is FR-A540; the regulated power supply is a finished product of a U1 model 220V/12V/1KW AC-to-DC switching power supply module; the power switch K is a toggle power switch, and an operation key thereof is positioned outside the opening at the upper end of the shell 2. The lower end of the cylinder 3 of the signal acquisition mechanism is tightly attached to the upper end of the shell of the three-phase asynchronous motor M (the temperature of the motor body can be absorbed conveniently). The outer diameter of a piston 5 of the signal acquisition mechanism is slightly larger than the inner diameter of a cylinder 3 by 0.5 mm, the piston 5 is made of rubber, and the upper end and the lower end of the piston 5 are respectively provided with a fixed metal plate of which the outer diameter is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder, so that the piston 5 is ensured to have certain strength. The photoelectric switch U2 of the control mechanism is a PNP type infrared reflection photoelectric switch finished product with a model number E3K100-100, the working voltage is direct current 24V, the photoelectric switch U2 is provided with three connecting wires, wherein two pins 1 and 2 are power supply input wires, the other pin 3 is a signal output wire, the front end of the photoelectric switch U2 is provided with a detecting head, an emitting head of the detecting head can emit infrared beams during working, when the infrared beams emitted by the detecting head are blocked by articles within the range of 100 cm farthest, after being received by parallel receiving heads of the detecting head, the 3 pins of the signal output wire do not output high level, when the articles are not blocked, the 3 pins of the signal output wire output high level, an adjusting knob is arranged outside the rear end of a shell of the photoelectric switch U2, the adjusting knob adjusts the detecting distance of the detecting head to the left to become close, and adjusts the detecting distance of the detecting head to the right to become far; after the photoelectric switch U2 is installed, the front portion of the probe of the photoelectric switch U2 is aligned with the raw material input end of the production equipment and is lower than the height of the articles on the raw material input end (e.g., lower than the height of the products conveyed on the electric conveyor line and higher than the height of the conveyor line). The control circuit comprises resistors R1 and R2, an NPN triode Q1, a relay K1, a capacitor C and an electromagnetic contactor K2 which are connected through circuit board wiring, one end of a first resistor R1 is connected with a base electrode of the NPN triode Q1 and one end of a second resistor R2, a collector of the NPN triode Q1 is connected with a negative power input end of a relay K1, the positive electrode of the relay K1 is connected with the control power input end, a normally-open contact end of the relay K1 is connected with a positive power input end of the contactor K2, a negative power input end of the contactor K2 is connected with an emitter of the NPN triode Q1 and the negative electrode of the capacitor C, and the positive electrode of the capacitor C is connected with the other end of the second resistor R2. SA1, SA2 (piano type interlocking power switch, can only open and connect a power switch once) are the selection power switch that converter body U3 itself has, follow-up motor body M clockwise rotation after getting electric after SA1 presses down, SA1 closes, follow-up motor body M anticlockwise rotation after getting electric after SA2 opens.

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, pins 1 and 2 of a power input end of a regulated power supply a1 and two poles of an alternating current 220V power supply are respectively connected through leads, and pins 3 and 4 of a power output end of a regulated power supply a1, a positive power input end of a power input end relay K1 of a control circuit, an emitter of an NPN triode Q1, and pins 1 and 2 of a power input end of a photoelectric switch U2 are respectively connected through leads. The 3 feet of the positive power output end of the regulated power supply U1 are connected with one end of the adjustable resistor RP through a lead, and the other end of the adjustable resistor RP is connected with the 2 feet of the adjusting signal end of the frequency converter body U3 through a lead. The 380V three-phase power supply and three control power supply input ends of a contactor K2 of the control circuit are respectively connected through leads. The signal output end contactor K2 of the control circuit is connected with the AC power input end R, S, T of the transducer body U3 by leads, and the power output end U, V, W of the transducer body U3 is connected with the three power input ends of the three-phase asynchronous motor body M by leads. The power switch K is connected in series between the pin 3 of the positive power output end of the regulated power supply U1 and the pin 1 of the positive power input end of the photoelectric switch U2 through a lead. The pin 3 of the signal output end of the photoelectric switch U2 is connected with the other end of the signal input end resistor R1 of the control circuit through a lead.

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, after a 220V ac power supply enters a power supply input end of a regulated power supply U1, a regulated power supply U1 outputs a stable dc12V power supply to a control circuit, a photoelectric switch U2 (a power switch K is turned on) and an adjustable resistor RP power supply input end under the action of its internal circuit at pins 3 and 4. This is novel, because, the shell upper end of barrel 3 lower extreme and three-phase asynchronous motor M closely laminates, like this, the heat that the interior acetone liquid of barrel 3 during operation produced of effective absorption motor body (motor body's casing normal temperature is about 65 ℃), because the boiling point of acetone is about 56.48 ℃, consequently, the heat that motor (three-phase asynchronous motor M) during operation produced can make the interior acetone boiling of barrel, when motor temperature is higher, acetone heating effect is bigger, the pressure that produces after the boiling of being heated is bigger then, when motor temperature is lower more, acetone heating effect is littleer relatively, the pressure that produces after the boiling of being heated (or do not boiling) is littleer relatively then. When the temperature of acetone is different and the pressure generated is different, the pressure acting on the piston 5 is different, the higher the load of the motor body M (three-phase asynchronous motor body M) is and the higher the temperature generated is, the pressure of acetone liquid heated and expanded to act on the piston 5 is relatively large, the acting force of the piston 5 against the spring 4 is relatively large, the upward height of the piston 5 is relatively large and drives the upward distance of the handle of the adjustable resistor RP to be relatively large, the resistance value of the adjustable resistor RP is relatively small, the voltage of a 2-pin signal of a 12V power supply signal entering the frequency converter body U3 after being reduced and limited by the adjustable resistor RP is relatively high, under the action of an internal circuit of the frequency converter body U3, the operating frequency of the U, V, W pin output to the motor body M is relatively high, and the motor body M works at a relatively high rotating speed and high power, so that the requirement of effective driving load is met. When the load of the motor body M is smaller and the generated temperature is lower, the pressure applied to the piston 5 by the acetone liquid through thermal expansion is relatively small, the acting force of the piston 5 against the spring 4 is relatively small (or the piston 4 is driven to move downwards by the elastic acting force of the spring 4), the upward height of the piston 5 is relatively small (or moves downwards) and drives the handle of the adjustable resistor RP to move upwards for relatively small distance (or moves downwards to drive the handle of the adjustable resistor RP to move downwards), the resistance value of the adjustable resistor RP is relatively large, the voltage of a 2-pin signal of a 12V power supply signal entering the frequency converter body U3 after being subjected to voltage reduction and current limitation by the adjustable resistor RP is relatively low, and under the action of an internal circuit of the frequency converter body U3, the working frequency of the U, V, W pin output to the motor body M is relatively low, and the motor body M works at relatively low rotating speed and low power, so that the purpose of saving electricity can be achieved on the premise of fully meeting the requirement of effective driving low load. Through the aforesaid, this novel signal acquisition mechanism that adopts with low costs (compare in PLC and analog output module mode cost lower) has realized automatically adjusting its output according to motor body's load as the signal control source of converter body regulation signal end.

Fig. 1, 2, 3 show, power switch K is opened before using, when the production facility work, for example, electric conveyor line equipment 10 exports raw materials or product to next production processes all the time, because there is the object (product or raw materials) to block that its 3 feet can not export high level to get into resistance R1 and R2 one end before photoelectric switch U2's the detecting head, relay K1 and contactor K2 can not the work of getting electricity so, 380V power normally gets into the R, S, T pin of converter body U3 through three control power input ends of contactor K2 and three normally closed contact end, motor body M normally gets electricity work. When the electric conveying line equipment stops outputting raw materials or products to the next production process, because a probe of the photoelectric switch U2 has no object to block 3 pins of the photoelectric switch U2, the high level is output to enter one end of the resistors R1 and R2, the base of the NPN triode Q1 obtains the high level through the resistor R1, meanwhile, the 12V high level is subjected to voltage reduction and current limitation through the resistor R2 to charge the capacitor C, the voltage of the base of the NPN triode Q1 is lower than 0.7V in a period of time (for example, 20 seconds, the time is equal to the resistance value of the resistor R2 at the capacity of the capacitor C), the capacitor C is not fully charged, the high level power supply is subjected to voltage reduction and current limitation through the resistor R1, the voltage of the base of the NPN triode Q1 is lower than 0.7V, the triode Q1 is cut off, then the relay K1 and the contactor K2 continue to be incapable of power supply, and the motor body M is normally powered to work in 20 seconds. After 20 seconds, when the capacitor C is fully charged, the high-level power supply is subjected to voltage reduction and current limitation through the resistor R1, the high-level power supply enters the NPN triode Q1, the base voltage is higher than 0.7V, the NPN triode Q1 is conducted, the collector outputs low level and enters the cathode power supply input end of the relay K1, the relay K1 is electrified to attract the control power supply input end and the normally open contact end of the relay K1 to be closed, further, the electromagnetic contactor K2 is electrified to attract the three control power supply input ends and the three normally closed contacts of the electromagnetic contactor K2 to be open, therefore, the 380V power supply does not enter the R, S, T pin of the frequency converter body U3 through the three control power supply input ends and the three normally closed contact ends any more, the motor body M can automatically lose power and does not work any more, and the intelligent control purpose is realized, and the electric energy saving purpose is realized. In this novel, when electronic transfer chain equipment (different according to the application scene, can be through three-phase asynchronous motor body M drive electronic transfer chain equipment, also can be other motor individual drive electronic transfer chain equipment, the work equipment of the next process of three-phase asynchronous motor body M drive electronic transfer chain equipment) stop output raw materials or product to next production process, 20 seconds of time delay just control three-phase asynchronous motor body M lose electricity, because it can not be coherent to carry article on the conveyer belt of electronic transfer chain equipment, if not time delay will lead to three-phase asynchronous motor body M frequent switch machine, unable normal work, 20 seconds time delay can satisfy actual production needs completely (still can adjust electric capacity C, resistance R2 resistance, and then adjust the delay time). There is the interval between two article, and electric capacity C charges, because the time of charging is extremely short, and it is anterior to carry photoelectric switch U2 detecting head when next article, and photoelectric switch U2's 3 feet will stop exporting the high level again, and the electricity of charging on the electric capacity C so can finish the release very fast owing to can't realize charging in succession (can not lead to relay K1 to get the electric actuation), has consequently guaranteed this novel reliable work. The resistances of the resistors R1 and R2 are 1.85M and 100K respectively; the model of the NPN triode Q1 is 9013; the specification of the linear sliding adjustable resistor RP is 8M, and the up-down stroke of a handle of the linear sliding adjustable resistor RP is larger than the distance between the up-down dead points of the guide rod; relay K1 is a DC12V relay; the contactor K2 is a DC electromagnetic contactor of model MC-12 b; the three-way control circuit comprises two power input ends, three-way control power input ends, three-way normally closed contact ends and three-way normally open contact ends; the capacitance C is 10 muF/25V.

The essential features of the utility model and the advantages of the utility model have been shown and described above, it will be evident to those skilled in the art that the utility model is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the utility model being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, the embodiments do not include only one independent technical solution, and such description is only for clarity, and those skilled in the art should take the description as a whole, and the technical solutions in the embodiments may be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims (6)

1. An energy-saving three-phase asynchronous motor comprises a three-phase asynchronous motor body, a frequency converter body, a voltage-stabilized power supply and a power switch, and is characterized by also comprising a signal acquisition mechanism, a control mechanism and a control circuit; the signal acquisition mechanism comprises a shell, a linear sliding resistor, a cylinder, a spring, a piston and an upper cover, wherein liquid is filled at the inner lower end of the cylinder, a guide rod is arranged on the piston, the piston is positioned in the cylinder, the spring is sleeved outside the guide rod, the upper cover is provided with a guide hole, the guide rod is positioned in the guide hole, the upper cover is arranged on the cylinder, the cylinder is arranged at one end of the rear side of the shell, the rear part of the cylinder is positioned outside the rear end of the shell, the linear sliding resistor is arranged at the other end of the rear side of the shell, and the upper end of the guide rod and a handle of the linear sliding resistor are arranged together; the shell is arranged on the outer side of the upper end of the shell of the three-phase asynchronous motor body; the control mechanism comprises a shell A and a photoelectric switch, the photoelectric switch is arranged in the shell A, a detection head of the photoelectric switch is positioned in an opening of the shell A, and the shell A is arranged at the side end of the production equipment; the frequency converter body, the voltage-stabilized power supply, the power switch and the control circuit are arranged in the shell; the other end of the linear sliding resistor is electrically connected with the adjusting signal end of the frequency converter body, the signal output end of the control circuit is electrically connected with the signal input end of the frequency converter body, the power output end of the frequency converter body is electrically connected with the power input end of the three-phase asynchronous motor body, and the signal output end of the photoelectric switch is electrically connected with the signal input end of the control circuit.

2. An energy-saving three-phase asynchronous motor according to claim 1, wherein the regulated power supply is an AC-to-DC switching power supply module.

3. The energy-saving three-phase asynchronous motor according to claim 1, wherein the lower end of the cylinder of the signal acquisition mechanism is tightly attached to the shell of the three-phase asynchronous motor.

4. An energy-saving three-phase asynchronous motor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer diameter of the piston of the signal acquisition mechanism is larger than the inner diameter of the cylinder, and the upper and lower ends of the piston are respectively provided with a fixing plate with an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder.

5. An energy-saving three-phase asynchronous motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the photoelectric switch of the control mechanism is a PNP type infrared reflection photoelectric switch.

6. An energy-saving three-phase asynchronous motor according to claim 1, wherein the control circuit comprises a resistor, an NPN triode, a relay, a capacitor and an electromagnetic contactor which are electrically connected, one end of the first resistor is connected with the base of the NPN triode and one end of the second resistor, the collector of the NPN triode is connected with the negative power supply input end of the relay, the positive electrode of the relay is connected with the control power supply input end, the normally open contact end of the relay is connected with the positive power supply input end of the contactor, the negative power supply input end of the contactor is connected with the emitter of the NPN triode and the negative electrode of the capacitor, and the positive electrode of the capacitor is connected with the other end of the second resistor.

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