CN216157687U - High stress broken rock tunnel pressure relief supporting system - Google Patents
High stress broken rock tunnel pressure relief supporting system Download PDFInfo
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- CN216157687U CN216157687U CN202122240604.1U CN202122240604U CN216157687U CN 216157687 U CN216157687 U CN 216157687U CN 202122240604 U CN202122240604 U CN 202122240604U CN 216157687 U CN216157687 U CN 216157687U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a high-stress broken rock roadway pressure relief support system which comprises a plurality of resin anchor rods, a metal mesh, a plurality of fasteners, reinforced concrete, a plurality of grouting anchor rods and a plurality of grouting anchor rod base plates, wherein the plurality of resin anchor rods are arranged in a roadway wall along the direction vertical to the inner wall of the roadway, the metal mesh is laid on the plurality of resin anchor rods, the plurality of fasteners are arranged on the plurality of resin anchor rods in a one-to-one correspondence manner so as to fix the metal mesh on the inner wall of the roadway, the reinforced concrete is laid on the inner wall of the roadway, the plurality of grouting anchor rods are arranged in the roadway wall along the direction vertical to the inner wall of the roadway, and the plurality of grouting anchor rod base plates are arranged on the plurality of grouting anchor rods in a one-to-one correspondence manner. The high-stress broken rock roadway pressure relief support system has a good support effect on broken rock bodies under high stress, can effectively reduce shrinkage deformation of the roadway, and prolongs the service life of the roadway.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of mine development, in particular to a high-stress broken rock roadway pressure relief support system.
Background
With the development of mining industry and the increasing of mining intensity, many mines in China enter the stage of developing deep resources, and deep well mining becomes a problem of special attention in the mining industry. After the mine enters the deep mining, the mine usually faces a high-ground stress mining environment, which is an important factor for inducing mine ground pressure disasters. The stability and support problems of roadway engineering in high-stress and extremely-broken rock bodies become key factors restricting safe and stable production of mines.
The supporting of the high-stress broken surrounding rock roadway generally adopts a 'new Austrian method' supporting principle, and commonly used supporting modes comprise mortar anchor rod-metal mesh-sprayed concrete combined supporting, anchor cable supporting, anchor grouting supporting, reinforced concrete supporting, steel arch frame/steel pipe concrete supporting, or combined supporting of a plurality of methods and the like.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.
Therefore, the embodiment of the utility model provides a high-stress broken rock roadway pressure relief support system, which has a good support effect on broken rock bodies under high stress, can effectively reduce shrinkage deformation of a roadway and prolong the service life of the roadway.
The high-stress broken rock roadway pressure relief support system comprises a first layer of support structure and a second layer of support structure, wherein the first layer of support structure comprises: the resin anchor rods are arranged in the roadway wall along the direction perpendicular to the roadway inner wall and are arranged on the roadway inner wall in an array manner; a metal mesh laid on the plurality of resin anchors; the fasteners are arranged on the resin anchor rods in a one-to-one correspondence mode so as to fix the metal mesh on the inner wall of the roadway; the second-floor supporting structure includes: the reinforced concrete is laid on the inner wall of the roadway; the grouting anchor rods are arranged in the roadway wall along the direction vertical to the inner wall of the roadway; the grouting anchor rod comprises a plurality of grouting anchor rod base plates, wherein the plurality of grouting anchor rod base plates are arranged on the plurality of grouting anchor rods in a one-to-one correspondence mode.
According to the high-stress broken rock roadway pressure relief support system provided by the embodiment of the utility model, the first layer of support structure and the second layer of support structure are matched with each other, so that the high-stress broken rock roadway pressure relief support system has a good support effect on broken rock masses under high stress, the shrinkage deformation of the roadway can be effectively reduced, and the service life of the roadway is prolonged.
In some embodiments, a plurality of the fasteners are limited to an actual size of the roadway with a clearance between the actual size and an expected size of the roadway.
In some embodiments, the roadway has a height and a width, the difference between the actual width of the roadway and its expected width is 300mm, and the difference between the actual height of the roadway and its expected height is 150 mm.
In some embodiments, the second level of support structure further comprises: the anchor cables are multiple and are arranged in the roadway wall along the direction perpendicular to the roadway inner wall.
In some embodiments, a plurality of first holes are formed in the inner wall of the roadway, the first holes are distributed in an array on the inner surface of the roadway, the distance between every two adjacent first holes is 0.8m, and the resin anchor rods are suitable for being arranged in the first holes in a one-to-one correspondence mode.
In some embodiments, a plurality of second holes are formed in the inner wall of the roadway, the second holes are distributed in an array mode on the inner surface of the roadway, the distance between every two adjacent second holes is 2.0m, and the grouting anchor rods are suitable for being arranged in the second holes in a one-to-one correspondence mode.
In some embodiments, the fastener includes a first shim plate and a second shim plate, both of which are disposed on the resin anchor rod, the first shim plate being remote from the roadway inner wall relative to the second shim plate.
In some embodiments, the first shim plate and the second shim plate are both steel plates, the first shim plate has a size of 80mm x 10mm, and the second shim plate has a size of 200mm x 10 mm.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic view of a high stress crushed rock roadway pressure relief support system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
the high stress broken rock roadway pressure relief support system 100, a roadway 200, a first layer of support structure 10, a resin anchor rod 11, a metal mesh 12, a fastener 13, a second layer of support structure 20, a grouting anchor rod 21, a grouting anchor rod backing plate 22 and an anchor cable 23.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the utility model and are not to be construed as limiting the utility model.
As shown in fig. 1, a high stress crushed rock roadway pressure relief support system 100 according to an embodiment of the utility model includes a first layer of support structure 10 and a second layer of support structure 20.
The first-layer supporting structure 10 includes: a plurality of resin anchors 11, a metal mesh 12, and a plurality of fasteners 13. A plurality of resin stock 11 are established in tunnel 200 wall along the direction perpendicular with tunnel 200 inner wall, and a plurality of resin stock 11 are the array and arrange on tunnel 200 inner wall, and metal mesh 12 is laid on a plurality of resin stock 11, and establishing on a plurality of resin stock 11 of a plurality of fasteners 13 one-to-one to fix metal mesh 12 on tunnel 200 inner wall.
The second-floor supporting structure 20 includes: reinforced concrete (not shown), a plurality of grouting bolts 21, and a plurality of grouting bolt backing plates 22.
The reinforced concrete is laid on the inner wall of the roadway 200, the grouting anchor rods 21 are arranged in the roadway 200 along the direction vertical to the inner wall of the roadway 200, and the grouting anchor rod backing plates 22 are arranged on the grouting anchor rods 21 in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the plurality of fasteners 13 are limited to the actual dimensions of the roadway 200 with a clearance gap between the actual dimensions and the expected dimensions of the roadway 200.
It is understood that in the research, utility model people found that:
the existing support has no reserved space for surrounding rock deformation, and after secondary stress distribution and creep deformation of surrounding rock of a roadway, the section of the roadway cannot meet the use function requirement and needs to be repaired.
The second support opportunity is not right, and the tunnel is deformed and damaged when the time between the first support and the second support is short or long.
Similar support parameters of a shallow roadway are adopted, and the support strength is low.
Due to the reasons, most deep high-stress broken rock roadways go through the processes of front excavation and back returning or repeated repairing, so that the service time of the roadway is short, the repairing amount is large, and the supporting cost is multiplied.
In summary, in the application, a reserved gap is formed between the actual size of the roadway 200 and the expected size of the roadway 200, the high-stress broken rock roadway pressure relief support system 100 of the embodiment of the utility model reserves a space for surrounding rock deformation, has a good support effect on broken rock bodies under high stress, can effectively reduce shrinkage deformation of the roadway, and prolongs the service life of the roadway.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the roadway 200 has a height and a width, the difference between the actual width of the roadway 200 and its intended width being 300mm, and the difference between the actual height of the roadway 200 and its intended height being 150 mm.
It can be understood that the roadway 200 in the high-stress crushed rock roadway pressure relief support system 100 according to the embodiment of the utility model has a net section (width × height) of 4.8m × 4.1m, and a net section (width × height) meeting the use function requirement of 4.5m × 3.95m, and 150mm deformation spaces are reserved for the width and the height of each roadway on the basis of meeting the use function requirement.
Therefore, the high-stress broken rock roadway pressure relief supporting system 100 provided by the embodiment of the utility model reserves a pressure relief deformation space during roadway section design, reduces the repair amount (too much reservation, large manufacturing cost investment, too little reservation and easy repair to meet the use requirement).
The reserved deformation is closely related to the property of the surrounding rock of the roadway and the ground stress environment where the surrounding rock is located, and empirical data obtained according to long-term production practice is 150-300 mm.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the second level of supporting structure 20 further includes: and a plurality of anchor cables 23 are arranged in the wall of the roadway 200 along the direction vertical to the inner wall of the roadway 200.
Specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, the length L of the anchor cable is 6.0m, the row spacing is 2.0m, and the spacing is 2.5 m. The cable body consists of two steel strands with dg of 15.24mm or a finish-rolled deformed steel bar with a straight connection diameter of 28 mm.
The anchor cable 23 is anchored in full length, cement mortar is poured, and a pad of the anchor cable 23 is made of a steel plate with the diameter delta being 15mm and the size being 250mm by 250 mm.
The steel strand anchor cable is locked by a QLM15-2 type clamping piece type anchorage device, and the finish-rolled deformed steel bar anchor cable is locked by a matched nut.
In some embodiments, a plurality of first holes (not shown) are formed in the inner wall of the tunnel 200, the plurality of first holes are distributed in an array on the inner surface of the tunnel 200, the interval between adjacent first holes is 0.8m, and the plurality of resin bolts 11 are adapted to be disposed in the plurality of first holes in a one-to-one correspondence.
Specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, the body of the resin anchor rod 11 is made of three-level threaded steel bar with a diameter of 22mm, and the fastening end is required to be rolled with straight threads, so as to achieve the supporting effect as soon as possible, and the resin cartridge is anchored in full length. The length of the anchor rod is larger than the range of the loose ring, generally 2.25m, and the row spacing is 0.8m multiplied by 0.8m, so that the requirement of three-diameter matching is required.
Further, the metal mesh 12 is adopted
The steel bar is made, the mesh degree is 150mm multiplied by 150mm, and the metal meshes need to be firmly connected in the construction.
In some embodiments, a plurality of second holes (not shown) are formed in the inner wall of the roadway 200, the plurality of second holes are distributed in an array on the inner surface of the roadway 200, the distance between every two adjacent second holes is 2.0m, and the plurality of grouting bolts 21 are suitable for being arranged in the plurality of second holes in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
Specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, the grouting bolt 21 is employed
The seamless steel pipe is made with a length of 3.0m and a spacing and row spacing of 2.0m multiplied by 2.0m, and adopts pure cement slurry with a water-cement ratio of 0.6-0.8: 1. 6 sleeves of each row of the grouting anchor rods 21 are provided with backing plates, and the backing plates of the grouting anchor rods 21 are steel plates with the thickness of 200mm multiplied by 10 mm.
Wherein the strength grade of the reinforced concrete is C30; generally, the method and the secondary support are carried out simultaneously, and the bottom sealing can be segmented and concentrated for the organization favorable for tunneling construction.
In some embodiments, the fastener 13 includes a first shim plate (not shown) and a second shim plate (not shown), both of which are provided on the resin bolt 11, the first shim plate being remote from the inner wall of the tunnel 200 relative to the second shim plate.
It can be understood that the bearing capacity of the set of resin anchor rods 11 is effectively improved by the arrangement of the first backing plate and the second backing plate.
In some embodiments, the first shim plate and the second shim plate are both steel plates, the first shim plate has a size of 80mm x 10mm, and the second shim plate has a size of 200mm x 10 mm.
It can be understood that by arranging the first pad plate outside the second pad plate, the first pad plate effectively increases the bearing capacity of the set of resin anchor rods 11, and the size of the first pad plate is 80mm by 10mm, and the size of the second pad plate is 200mm by 10mm, so that the structure of the high-stress crushed rock roadway pressure relief supporting system 100 according to the embodiment of the utility model is more reasonable.
The high-stress broken rock roadway pressure relief support method provided by the embodiment of the utility model comprises the following steps:
the plurality of resin anchor rods 11 are arranged in the wall of the roadway 200 in the direction perpendicular to the inner wall of the roadway 200, the metal mesh 12 is laid on the plurality of resin anchor rods 11, and the plurality of fasteners 13 are arranged on the plurality of resin anchor rods 11 in a one-to-one correspondence manner to fix the metal mesh 12 on the inner wall of the roadway 200.
The reinforced concrete is laid on the inner wall of the roadway 200, the grouting anchor rods 21 are arranged in the roadway 200 wall along the direction perpendicular to the inner wall of the roadway 200, and the grouting anchor rod backing plates 22 are arranged on the grouting anchor rods 21 in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
In some embodiments, before laying the reinforced concrete on the inner wall of the roadway 200, further comprising: the plurality of fasteners 13 limit the actual size of the tunnel 200 with a predetermined gap between the actual size and the expected size of the tunnel 200, and when the convergence rate of the predetermined gap is less than 0.25 mm/day, the reinforced concrete is laid on the inner wall of the tunnel 200.
In some embodiments, before laying the reinforced concrete on the inner wall of the roadway 200, further comprising: the plurality of fasteners 13 limit the actual size of the roadway 200, a reserved gap is formed between the actual size and the expected size of the roadway 200, and when the convergence value of the reserved gap reaches 10% -20% of the reserved gap, reinforced concrete is laid on the inner wall of the roadway 200.
In some embodiments, before laying the reinforced concrete on the inner wall of the roadway 200, further comprising: the reinforced concrete is sprayed by a wet spraying method, the thickness of the reinforced concrete is 100mm, and the strength grade of the reinforced concrete is C30.
A specific example of the high-stress broken rock roadway pressure relief support method according to the embodiment of the utility model is as follows:
and (3) adopting two times of supporting for the roadway, wherein the first supporting is anchor rod-metal mesh-sprayed concrete, the first supporting is propelled along with the driving working face, and the second supporting is implemented after the rock mass is decompressed. The secondary support is a single-concrete-grouting anchor rod-bottom-sealing anchor rod-medium-long anchor cable combined support; in general, the distance between the second support and the tunneling working face is not more than 30m, and the second support is implemented 1 month after the tunneling construction.
The net section (width multiplied by height) of the roadway design is 4.8m multiplied by 4.1m, the net section (width multiplied by height) meeting the use function requirements is 4.5m multiplied by 3.95m, and 150mm deformation spaces are reserved for the width and the height on the basis of meeting the use function requirements.
The row spacing and the spacing of the anchor rods are both 0.8m multiplied by 0.8m, the rod bodies are made of three-level thread steel bars, the diameter is 22mm, the length is 2.25m, the fastening sections adopt rolling straight threads and are matched with corresponding thickening screw caps to ensure the integral strength of the anchor rods; the anchor bolt backing plate is made of a common steel plate with the thickness delta being 10mm, the size of the backing plate is 200mm multiplied by 10mm, and a backing plate with the thickness of 80mm multiplied by 10mm is placed on the outer side of the anchor bolt backing plate; the anchor rod is anchored by adopting the full length of the resin cartridge.
Metal mesh adoption
The reinforcing steel bars are manufactured on the ground according to construction requirements, the mesh degree of the reinforcing steel bars is 150mm multiplied by 150mm, and the meshes are firmly connected in the construction process.
The strength grade of the sprayed concrete is C30, and the sand grain size, the proportion and the like in construction are strictly prepared and stirred according to the requirements of anchor rod sprayed concrete support technical specifications.
The sprayed concrete support is suggested to adopt a wet spraying technology, and the thickness of each support is 100 mm.
And (4) secondary supporting, namely grouting, medium-length anchor cables and single-layer reinforced concrete construction with the thickness of 350mm, wherein the length of the bottom-sealing anchor rod is 1.8 m.
The concrete strength grade is C30, the main reinforcement is made of three-level twisted steel with the diameter of 18mm, the auxiliary reinforcement is made of three-level twisted steel with the diameter of 12mm, the thickness of the concrete protective layer of the reinforcing steel bar is 40mm, and the lap joint length is 40d (d is the diameter of the reinforcing steel bar).
The length L of the anchor cable is 6.0m, the row spacing is 2.0m, and the spacing is 2.5 m. The cable body consists of two steel strands with dg of 15.24mm or a finish-rolled deformed steel bar with a straight connection diameter of 28 mm. The medium and long anchor cables are in a full-length anchoring mode and are filled with cement mortar. The backing plate is made of a steel plate with the delta being 15mm, and the size of the backing plate is 250mm by 250 mm; the steel strand anchor cable is locked by a QLM15-2 type clamping piece type anchorage device, and the finish-rolled deformed steel bar anchor cable is locked by a matched nut.
Grouting anchor rod adopts
Manufacturing a seamless steel pipe, wherein the length is 3.0m, the spacing and the row spacing are 2.0 multiplied by 2.0m, pure cement slurry is adopted, and the water cement ratio is 0.6-0.8: 1; the specification of the grouting anchor plate is 200mm multiplied by 10mm thick steel plate.
The high-stress broken rock roadway pressure relief support method has the following beneficial effects:
a pressure relief deformation space is reserved during the design of the section of the roadway, so that the repair amount is reduced (too much reservation, high manufacturing cost and investment, and too little reservation can be easily repaired to meet the use requirement.
Reserving pressure relief deformation time, reducing the probability of second rigid support damage in the later stage, and determining second support implementation time through measurement information: the convergence rate of the periphery of the roadway is obviously reduced, and secondary support can be implemented when the convergence rate is less than 0.25mm/d or the convergence value reaches 80-90% of the total convergence value.
The anchor rod support adopts a double-layer supporting plate, so that the bearing capacity of the complete set of anchor rods is effectively improved.
The first support uses anchoring agent and resin cartridge to provide support resistance quickly and prevent the quick development of deformation, but allow the slow development of the deformation of the surrounding rock to release the stress of the surrounding rock to a certain extent.
In conclusion, the supporting mode of the utility model adopts a roadway surrounding rock strengthening principle of 'temporary supporting, pressure relief and high-strength supporting', and has good supporting effect on the broken creeping rock mass under high stress by measures of reserving a pressure relief deformation space, reserving pressure relief time, accelerating primary supporting efficiency and strength and the like. The support technology of the utility model is beneficial to long-term safety and stability of the broken surrounding rock roadway, reduces the repair rate of the roadway and reduces the production cost of mines.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the utility model and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the utility model.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the present disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" and the like mean that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A high-stress broken rock roadway pressure relief support system is characterized by comprising a first layer of support structure and a second layer of support structure,
the first-layer supporting structure includes:
the resin anchor rods are arranged in the roadway wall along the direction perpendicular to the roadway inner wall and are arranged on the roadway inner wall in an array manner;
a metal mesh laid on the plurality of resin anchors;
the fasteners are arranged on the resin anchor rods in a one-to-one correspondence mode so as to fix the metal mesh on the inner wall of the roadway;
the second-floor supporting structure includes:
the reinforced concrete is laid on the inner wall of the roadway;
the grouting anchor rods are arranged in the roadway wall along the direction vertical to the inner wall of the roadway;
the grouting anchor rod comprises a plurality of grouting anchor rod base plates, wherein the plurality of grouting anchor rod base plates are arranged on the plurality of grouting anchor rods in a one-to-one correspondence mode.
2. The high stress crushed rock roadway pressure relief support system of claim 1, wherein a plurality of the fasteners limit the actual size of the roadway with a clearance gap between the actual size and an expected size of the roadway.
3. The high stress crushed rock roadway pressure relief support system of claim 2, wherein the roadway has a height and a width, the difference between the actual width of the roadway and its expected width being 300mm, and the difference between the actual height of the roadway and its expected height being 150 mm.
4. The high stress crushed rock roadway pressure relief support system of claim 1, wherein the second layer of support structure further comprises: the anchor cables are multiple and are arranged in the roadway wall along the direction perpendicular to the roadway inner wall.
5. The high stress crushed rock roadway pressure relief support system according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of first holes are formed in the inner wall of the roadway, the plurality of first holes are distributed in an array on the inner surface of the roadway, the distance between every two adjacent first holes is 0.8m, and a plurality of resin anchor rods are arranged in the plurality of first holes in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
6. The high stress crushed rock roadway pressure relief support system according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of second holes are formed in the inner wall of the roadway, the second holes are distributed in an array on the inner surface of the roadway, the distance between every two adjacent second holes is 2.0m, and a plurality of grouting anchor rods are suitable for being arranged in the second holes in a one-to-one correspondence mode.
7. The high stress crushed rock roadway pressure relief support system of claim 1, wherein the fastener comprises a first backing plate and a second backing plate, the first backing plate and the second backing plate both being disposed on the resin anchor rod, the first backing plate being remote from the roadway inner wall relative to the second backing plate.
8. The high stress crushed rock roadway pressure relief support system of claim 7, wherein the first and second tie plates are steel plates, the first tie plate having a size of 80mm by 10mm, the second tie plate having a size of 200mm by 10 mm.
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