CN216149779U - Micro-fluidic chip and in-vitro diagnosis and analysis equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a micro-fluidic chip and in-vitro diagnosis and analysis equipment. Injecting a sample liquid into the first preset cavity through the sample inlet, enabling the sample liquid to react with a stored reagent in the preset cavity, carrying a target object after reaction by a magnetic bead, adsorbing the magnetic bead by a magnetic device, moving the micro-fluidic chip or the magnetic device, enabling the magnetic bead to carry the target object to move to the next preset cavity and finally enter the last preset cavity, obtaining the target object in the last preset cavity, then performing suction action by a suction assembly, enabling the target object to enter the sample detection cavity through the first branch flow channel, and completing amplification and detection operations in the sample detection cavity. Therefore, full-automatic detection processing can be realized, the detection efficiency can be greatly improved, and the cost is reduced.

Description

Micro-fluidic chip and in-vitro diagnosis and analysis equipment

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a microfluidic chip and in-vitro diagnosis and analysis equipment.

Background

In Vitro Diagnosis (IVD) is a process of obtaining diagnostic information by detecting a sample, and plays an important role In the fields of prevention, Diagnosis, treatment, and the like of infectious diseases In humans. In vitro diagnostic procedures typically involve a series of reaction steps for extraction, purification, amplification and detection of nucleic acids or proteins in a sample. In the prior art, sample treatment and detection have complex flow, cannot carry out automatic treatment and detection on samples, and has long integral detection time; the detection process has high requirements on operators, and the accuracy of the detection result depends on the specialty of the operators.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

Based on this, it is necessary to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provide a microfluidic chip and an in vitro diagnostic and analytical apparatus, which can realize full-automatic detection processing, greatly improve detection efficiency, and reduce cost.

The technical scheme is as follows: a microfluidic chip, comprising:

the chip comprises a chip body, wherein at least two preset chambers which are sequentially communicated are arranged on the chip body, the adjacent preset chambers are communicated through a first communication channel, a sample inlet and an exhaust port are also arranged on the chip body, and the sample inlet and the exhaust port are both communicated with the preset chamber at the head position; the chip body is also provided with a sample detection chamber which is communicated with the preset chamber at the tail end;

the magnetic beads move in all the preset chambers under the action of a magnetic device, and the suction assembly is communicated with the sample detection chamber.

When the micro-fluidic chip is used, a sample liquid is injected into the first preset cavity through the sample inlet, the sample liquid reacts with a stored reagent in the preset cavity, a magnetic bead carries a reacted target object and adsorbs the magnetic bead by virtue of the magnetic device, the micro-fluidic chip or the magnetic device is moved, the magnetic bead carries the target object and moves to the next preset cavity, the target object finally enters the last preset cavity, the target object is obtained in the last preset cavity, then the suction component performs suction action, the target object enters the sample detection cavity, and amplification and detection operations can be completed in the sample detection cavity. Therefore, full-automatic detection processing can be realized, the detection efficiency can be greatly improved, and the cost is reduced.

In one embodiment, a first guide column is arranged on the top surface of the chip body, and the sample inlet is arranged in the first guide column; still be equipped with first flip on the first guide post, first flip is used for opening or closes the introduction port.

In one embodiment, a sample introduction channel is arranged on the chip body, the sample introduction port is communicated with one end of the sample introduction channel, the sample introduction port is positioned on the top surface of the chip body, and the other end of the sample introduction channel is communicated with the preset chamber positioned at the head position; and a filter element is arranged in the sample introduction channel.

In one embodiment, a second guide pillar is arranged on the top surface of the chip body, and the exhaust port is arranged in the second guide pillar; and a second flip cover is further arranged on the second guide post and used for opening or closing the exhaust port.

In one embodiment, an exhaust channel is arranged on the chip body, the exhaust port is communicated with one end of the exhaust channel, the exhaust port is positioned on the top surface of the chip body, and the other end of the exhaust channel is communicated with the top part of the first preset cavity; a first waterproof breathable film is arranged in the exhaust passage.

In one embodiment, the preset chamber is filled with a treatment reagent and mineral oil positioned above the treatment reagent; the sample detection chamber is filled with a detection reagent or is in an empty state.

In one embodiment, the at least two preset chambers comprise a first preset chamber, a second preset chamber, a third preset chamber and a fourth preset chamber which are sequentially communicated; the first preset chamber is provided with a reserved space, and the second preset chamber, the third preset chamber and the fourth preset chamber are all in a full state.

In one embodiment, the chip body is further provided with a first switch valve for controlling the on-off of the first communication channel; the first switch valve is a phase change valve, a lower pressure valve, a torque valve or a starting valve.

In one embodiment, a wall plate is arranged between the adjacent preset chambers, the first communication channel is arranged at the top part of the wall plate, and the first switch valve is a phase change valve arranged in the first communication channel.

In one embodiment, the sample inlet port wall of the first communication channel is provided with a smooth guide surface, and the sample outlet port wall of the first communication channel is provided with a smooth guide surface.

In one embodiment, the chip body is further provided with a pressure supplementing air inlet, and the pressure supplementing air inlet is communicated with the preset cavity at the tail end.

In one embodiment, a third guide pillar is arranged on the top surface of the chip body, and the pressure compensating air inlet is arranged in the third guide pillar; and a third flip cover is further arranged on the third guide post and used for opening or closing the pressure supplementing air inlet.

In one embodiment, an air inlet channel is arranged on the chip body, the pressure supplementing air inlet is communicated with one end of the air inlet channel, the pressure supplementing air inlet is positioned on the top surface of the chip body, and the other end of the air inlet channel is communicated with the tail preset chamber.

In one embodiment, the bottom of the last preset chamber is provided with a tapered channel with an inner diameter gradually reduced along the direction from the top surface of the chip body to the bottom surface of the chip body; the sample detection chamber is communicated with the preset chamber at the tail end through a first branch flow channel, and the tapered channel is communicated with the first branch flow channel.

In one embodiment, the chip body is further provided with a transition channel, a trunk channel and a first branch channel between the last preset chamber and the sample detection chamber, and the bottom of the last preset chamber, the transition channel, the trunk channel, the first branch channel and the sample detection chamber are sequentially communicated.

In one embodiment, a second switch valve for controlling the on-off of the transition channel is further arranged on the chip body; the second switch valve is a phase change valve, a lower pressure valve, a torque valve or a starting valve.

In one embodiment, the first branch flow channel, the sample detection chamber and the second branch flow channel are all in plurality; the plurality of first branch flow channels and the plurality of second branch flow channels are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of sample detection chambers; all the first branch flow channels are communicated with the main flow channel; all the sample detection chambers are communicated with the suction assembly through second branch flow channels respectively.

In one embodiment, the first branch channel and the trunk channel are disposed at an angle a, and the angle a is 90 ° to 150 °.

In one embodiment, the first bypass channel comprises a first section and a second section; the trunk channel, the first section and the second section are communicated in sequence; the first section with the second section all with trunk channel is the contained angle setting, the first section with trunk channel's contained angle is less than the second section with trunk channel's contained angle.

In one embodiment, a plurality of the first branch channels, a plurality of the sample detection chambers and a plurality of the second branch channels are disposed on two sides of the main channel; the first branch flow channel, the sample detection chamber and the second branch flow channel arranged on one side of the trunk channel, and the first branch flow channel, the sample detection chamber and the second branch flow channel arranged on the other side are symmetrically arranged around the trunk channel.

In one embodiment, the suction assembly includes an evacuation bladder provided on the top surface of the chip body, and the other ends of all the second branch channels extend onto the top surface of the chip body and communicate with the evacuation bladder.

In one embodiment, the suction assembly further comprises a buffer transition piece arranged between the vacuum-pumping air bag and the top surface of the chip body, the buffer transition piece is provided with a buffer chamber, the bottom of the buffer chamber is respectively communicated with the other ends of the second branch channels, and the top of the buffer chamber is communicated with the vacuum-pumping air bag.

An in vitro diagnosis and analysis device, which comprises the microfluidic chip, a magnetic device and a detection device; the magnetic device is used for adsorbing the magnetic beads and moving the magnetic beads; the detection equipment is arranged corresponding to the sample detection chamber and is used for optically detecting the sample in the sample detection chamber.

According to the micro-fluidic chip, the sample liquid is injected into the first preset cavity through the sample inlet, so that the sample liquid reacts with the stored reagent in the preset cavity, the reacted target is carried by the magnetic beads, the magnetic beads are adsorbed by the magnetic device, the micro-fluidic chip or the magnetic device is moved, so that the target carried by the magnetic beads is moved to the next preset cavity and finally enters the last preset cavity, the target is obtained in the last preset cavity, then the suction component is used for performing suction, so that the target enters the sample detection cavity, and the amplification and detection operations can be completed in the sample detection cavity. Therefore, the microfluidic chip can realize full-automatic detection treatment, greatly improves the detection efficiency and reduces the cost.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the utility model and, together with the description, serve to explain the utility model and not to limit the utility model.

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view structure diagram of a microfluidic chip according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic view of another structure of a microfluidic chip according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional structural view at A-A of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional structural view at B-B of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional structural view at C-C of FIG. 2;

fig. 6 is a schematic view of a microfluidic chip according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional structural view at D-D of FIG. 6;

fig. 8 is a sectional structural view at E-E of fig. 6.

10. A chip body; 111. a first pre-chamber; 112. a second pre-chamber; 113. a third pre-chamber; 114. a fourth pre-chamber; 1141. a tapered channel; 115. a first communicating passage; 116. a first on-off valve; 117. a wallboard; 1171. smooth guide surfaces; 118. a transition passage; 121. a sample inlet; 122. a first guide post; 123. a first flip cover; 124. a sample introduction channel; 125. a filter element; 131. an exhaust port; 132. a second guide post; 133. a second flip cover; 134. an exhaust passage; 135. a first waterproof breathable film; 141. a first bypass channel; 142. a sample detection chamber; 143. a second branch passage; 144. a trunk channel; 15. a top surface; 16. a bottom surface; 17. a first film; 181. a pressure supplementing air inlet; 182. a third guide post; 183. a third flip cover; 184. an air intake passage; 19. a second film; 20. a suction assembly; 21. vacuumizing the air bag; 22. a buffer transition piece; 221. a buffer chamber; 222. and a third water-proof and breathable film.

Detailed Description

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, fig. 1 shows a schematic view-angle structure of a microfluidic chip according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 2 shows another schematic view-angle structure of a microfluidic chip according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 3 shows a cross-sectional structure diagram of fig. 2 at a-a. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a microfluidic chip includes a chip body 10, magnetic beads (not shown), and a pumping assembly 20. At least two preset chambers (for example, refer to a first preset chamber 111, a second preset chamber 112, a third preset chamber 113 and a fourth preset chamber 114 illustrated in fig. 3) are provided on the chip body 10, and adjacent preset chambers are communicated through a first communication channel 115. Referring to fig. 4, the chip body 10 is further provided with a sample inlet 121 and an exhaust outlet 131, and both the sample inlet 121 and the exhaust outlet 131 are communicated with a preset chamber located at the head (for example, refer to the first preset chamber 111 in fig. 3).

Referring to fig. 3, 6 and 7, fig. 6 is a schematic view illustrating a structure of a microfluidic chip according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 7 is a cross-sectional structure diagram of fig. 6 at D-D (the cross-sectional lines in fig. 7 are omitted for clarity). The chip body 10 is further provided with a sample detection chamber 142, and the sample detection chamber 142 is communicated with a preset chamber at the end (for example, see the fourth preset chamber 114 in fig. 3). The magnetic beads can move in all the pre-chambers under the action of the magnetic device. The pumping assembly 20 is in communication with the sample detection chamber 142.

When the microfluidic chip is used, a sample liquid is injected into the first preset chamber through the sample inlet 121, so that the sample liquid reacts with a stored reagent in the preset chamber, a magnetic bead carries a target after the reaction, the magnetic bead is adsorbed by the magnetic device, the microfluidic chip or the magnetic device is moved, the magnetic bead carries the target to move to the next preset chamber and finally enter the last preset chamber, the target is obtained in the last preset chamber, then the pumping action is performed through the pumping component 20, so that the target enters the sample detection chamber 142 through the first branch flow channel 141, and the amplification and detection operations can be completed in the sample detection chamber 142. Therefore, the microfluidic chip can realize full-automatic detection treatment, can greatly improve the detection efficiency and reduce the cost.

It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 3, the at least two preset chambers are specifically a first preset chamber 111, a second preset chamber 112, a third preset chamber 113, and a fourth preset chamber 114 according to the sequence of sample processing, where the preset chamber located at the head is the first preset chamber 111, and the preset chamber located at the tail is the fourth preset chamber 114.

Referring to fig. 2 to 4, fig. 4 shows a cross-sectional structural view at B-B of fig. 2. Further, the top surface 15 of the chip body 10 is provided with a first guiding column 122. The sample inlet 121 is disposed in the first guide column 122. The first guide post 122 is further provided with a first flip 123. The first lid 123 is used to open or close the injection port 121. Thus, the first flip 123 is opened, so that the absorbed sample liquid can be injected into the sample inlet 121 of the first guide column 122 by means of a pipette or a dropper, and then the sample is introduced into the preset chamber through the sample inlet 121. In addition, when the sample liquid does not need to be injected or the sample injection operation is finished, the sample inlet 121 is closed by the first flip 123, and the first flip 123 tightly covers the sample inlet 121, so that the sealing performance is good. As an example, the first guide pillar 122 may be omitted, that is, the sample inlet 121 is directly formed on the top surface 15 of the chip body 10. The first lid 123 may be rotatably opened and disposed on the end surface of the first guiding post 122, may be detachably disposed on the end surface of the first guiding post 122, and may be disposed in other manners, which are not limited herein.

It should be noted that the "first guiding column 122" may be "a part of the chip body 10", that is, the "first guiding column 122" and "the other part of the chip body 10" are integrally formed; the "first guide pillar 122" may be a separate member that is separable from the "other portion of the chip body 10", and may be manufactured separately and integrated with the "other portion of the chip body 10". As shown in fig. 4, in one embodiment, the "first guiding pillar 122" is a part of the "chip body 10" that is integrally formed.

Referring to fig. 2 and 4, in one embodiment, a sample channel 124 is disposed on the chip body 10. The sample inlet 121 is communicated with one end of the sample channel 124, the sample inlet 121 is located on the top surface 15 of the chip body 10, and the other end of the sample channel 124 is communicated with the first preset chamber. A filter element 125 is arranged in the sample inlet channel 124. Therefore, when the sample liquid is injected through the sample inlet 121, the sample liquid enters the first preset chamber through the sample inlet channel 124, and when the sample liquid passes through the filter element 125, the filter element 125 filters the sample liquid, so that large-volume impurities in the sample liquid can be filtered, and the physical purification of the sample liquid is realized.

Specifically, in order to facilitate smooth introduction of the sample liquid into the preset chamber, the other end of the sample introduction channel 124 is specifically disposed at a bottom portion of the preset chamber, for example. Therefore, the bad phenomenon that bubbles are easily formed and are not discharged outwards due to the tension action of liquid and the inner wall of the preset chamber can be avoided as much as possible, and the extraction effect can be ensured. Of course, as an alternative, the other end of the sample introduction channel 124 may be disposed at a middle portion, a top portion, or other portions of the pre-chamber, for example, and is not limited herein.

Referring to fig. 2 and 4, in one embodiment, a second guiding pillar 132 is disposed on the top surface 15 of the chip body 10, and the exhaust opening 131 is disposed in the second guiding pillar 132. The second guiding post 132 is further provided with a second flip cover 133, and the second flip cover 133 is used for opening or closing the air outlet 131. Thus, before the sample liquid is injected into the preset chamber through the sample inlet 121, the second flip cover 133 is opened, so that the sample liquid is injected into the first preset chamber through the sample inlet 121, and the gas in the first preset chamber is synchronously discharged outwards through the gas outlet 131, thereby ensuring that the sample liquid is smoothly injected into the first preset chamber through the sample inlet 121. In addition, when the sample liquid does not need to be injected or the sample injection operation is completed, the second flip cover 133 closes the exhaust port 131, and the second flip cover 133 tightly covers the exhaust port 131, so that the sealing performance is good. As an example, the second guide pillar 132 may be omitted, that is, the exhaust port 131 may be directly formed on the top surface 15 of the chip body 10. The second flap 133 may be rotatably opened and disposed on the end surface of the second guiding post 132, may be detachably disposed on the end surface of the second guiding post 132, or may be disposed in other manners, which is not limited herein.

It should be noted that the "second guiding column 132" may be "a part of the chip body 10", that is, the "second guiding column 132" is integrally formed with "the other part of the chip body 10"; the second guiding pillar 132 may be a separate member that is separable from the rest of the chip body 10, and may be manufactured separately and integrated with the rest of the chip body 10. As shown in fig. 4, in one embodiment, the "second guiding pillar 132" is a part of the "chip body 10" that is integrally formed.

Referring to fig. 2 and 4, in one embodiment, the chip body 10 is provided with an exhaust channel 134. The exhaust port 131 is communicated with one end of the exhaust channel 134, and the exhaust port 131 is located on the top surface 15 of the chip body 10. The other end of the exhaust passage 134 communicates with the top portion of the preliminary chamber located at the head. A first waterproof and breathable membrane 135 is disposed in the exhaust passage 134. Thus, the gas in the exhaust channel 134 can be discharged through the first waterproof and gas-permeable membrane 135, so that the pressure balance inside the pre-set chamber can be maintained, and the liquid cannot flow out along with the gas. In addition, the first waterproof and breathable membrane 135 can prevent moisture from entering the pre-set chamber through the vent channel 134.

Referring to fig. 3, in one embodiment, the pre-chamber contains a treatment agent (not shown) and mineral oil (not shown) above the treatment agent. The sample detection chamber 142 is filled with a detection reagent or is empty. Therefore, the mineral oil is lower than the treatment reagent in density, can be positioned above the treatment reagent, plays a role in sealing the treatment reagent, and can avoid the mutual interference of the treatment reagent in the adjacent preset chambers. In addition, the requirements of the micro-fluidic chip on mechanical partition parts in the instrument are reduced, the sample processing efficiency can be ensured, and the use cost is further reduced.

It should be noted that the processing reagents installed in the at least two preset chambers may be the same or different, and are set according to practical situations, and are not limited herein, and the processing reagents may be, for example, a lysis solution and magnetic bead mixed solution, a first cleaning solution, a second cleaning solution, an eluent, a magnetic label primary antibody, an enzyme label secondary antibody, or a substrate luminescent solution.

Similarly, the sample detection chamber 142 may contain a detection reagent, and the detection reagent may be set according to actual conditions, and is not limited herein. The detection reagent may be, for example, a freeze-dried PCR reagent, or may be other types of detection reagents, and is not limited herein, and may be set according to actual requirements. The sample detection chamber 142 may be empty, i.e., not loaded with any detection reagents, as desired.

Referring to fig. 3, in one embodiment, the at least two preset chambers include a first preset chamber 111, a second preset chamber 112, a third preset chamber 113 and a fourth preset chamber 114, which are sequentially connected. The first preset chamber 111 is provided with a reserved space, and the second preset chamber 112, the third preset chamber 113 and the fourth preset chamber 114 are all in a full state. Therefore, the first preset chamber 111 has a reserved space, that is, the first preset chamber 111 is not filled with the processing reagent and the mineral oil, so that an accommodating space can be reserved for the sample liquid to be added, and after the sample liquid is injected into the first preset chamber 111 through the sample inlet 121, the sample liquid passes through the mineral oil under the action of self gravity to be mixed with the processing reagent. In addition, the second preset chamber 112, the third preset chamber 113 and the fourth preset chamber 114 are all in a full state, i.e. filled with the processing reagent and the mineral oil.

When the microfluidic chip is used for integrated processing and detection of sample extraction and amplification, the first pre-chamber 111 contains, for example, a mixture of lysis solution and magnetic beads, the second pre-chamber 112 contains, for example, a first washing solution, the third pre-chamber 113 contains, for example, a second washing solution, the fourth pre-chamber 114 contains, for example, an eluent, and the sample detection chamber 142 contains, for example, a freeze-dried PCR reagent. When the above-described microfluidic chip is used for chemiluminescence detection of a sample, the first pre-chamber 111 is provided with, for example, a magnetic label primary antibody, the second pre-chamber 112 is provided with, for example, an enzyme-labeled secondary antibody, the third pre-chamber 113 is provided with, for example, a cleaning solution, the fourth pre-chamber 114 is provided with, for example, a substrate luminescent solution, and the sample detection chamber 142 is, for example, empty.

It should be further noted that the preset chambers are not limited to the first preset chamber 111, the second preset chamber 112, the third preset chamber 113 and the fourth preset chamber 114, and may be two, three, five, six, etc. according to actual requirements, and are not limited herein.

Referring to fig. 3, in an embodiment, a first switch valve 116 for controlling the on/off of the first communication channel 115 is further disposed on the chip body 10. The first switching valve 116 is a phase change valve, a pressure relief valve, a torque valve, or a trigger valve. Thus, as illustrated in fig. 3, there are three first communication passages 115, there are three first switching valves 116, and the three first switching valves 116 are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the three first communication passages 115.

Referring to fig. 3, in one embodiment, a wall plate 117 is disposed between adjacent pre-chambers, a first communicating channel 115 is disposed at a top portion of the wall plate 117, and a first switching valve 116 is a phase change valve disposed at the first communicating channel 115. Thus, when the magnetic beads need to be transferred from one of the preset chambers to the other preset chamber, the phase change valve is opened by heating the phase change valve, then the magnetic beads are adsorbed by the magnetic device to move from the bottom surface 16 of the preset chamber to the top part of the preset chamber, and then the microfluidic chip or the magnetic device is moved transversely, so that the magnetic beads can be driven to move into the top part of the other preset chamber through the first communication channel 115; and then the magnetic device is moved away or closed, the magnetic beads lose the magnetic force of the magnetic device and fall to the bottom of the other preset chamber under the action of self gravity, and the operation of transferring the magnetic beads from one preset chamber to the other preset chamber is completed.

In addition, the magnetic bead transfer channel is cut off and opened through the phase change valve, mechanical parts needing relative movement of the microfluidic chip are greatly reduced, and the use cost of the chip and the risk of liquid leakage in the process are reduced. Thereby reducing the complexity of the micro-fluidic chip and the matched instrument and greatly reducing the cost.

Particularly, at least two preset chambers are arranged in a straight line shape, so that the magnetic beads can be sequentially transferred in the at least two preset chambers by moving along the same direction, the operation is simple and convenient, and the driving structure of the diagnostic analysis equipment can be simplified.

As one example, the phase change valve is a solid-liquid phase change valve. The solid-liquid phase change valve is specifically, for example, medical grade 50 paraffin, synthetic wax, animal fat, natural wax, or the like, and is not limited herein. When the phase change valve is in a solid state, the first communication channel 115 is cut off, so that the treatment reagents in different preset chambers can be prevented from being mixed with each other in the transportation process; when the phase change valve is heated and then is changed into a liquid state, the magnetic beads carrying the sample can be transferred from one of the preset chambers to the other preset chamber through the first communication channel 115, and the phase change valve in the liquid state can also play a role of a lubricant so that the magnetic beads can pass through conveniently.

In one embodiment, the sample inlet port wall of the first communication channel 115 is provided with a smooth guide surface 1171, and the sample outlet port wall of the first communication channel 115 is also provided with a smooth guide surface 1171. Thus, the magnetic beads in one of the pre-chambers can be smoothly introduced into the first communication channel 115 through the smooth guiding surface 1171 of the sample inlet end, and the magnetic beads can be smoothly introduced into the other pre-chamber through the smooth guiding surface 1171 of the sample outlet end. Specifically, the smooth guide surface 1171 is an arc surface, and the diameter of the sample inlet end gradually decreases along the bead moving direction and the diameter of the sample outlet end gradually increases along the bead moving direction.

Referring to fig. 3, in order to design at least two pre-chambers and first communication channels 115 on the chip body 10, in one embodiment, a first concave portion corresponding to the at least two pre-chambers and the first communication channels 115 and the first thin film 17 are disposed on the top surface 15 of the chip body 10. The first membrane 17 and the first recess enclose at least two pre-chambers and a first communication channel 115. Specifically, the first film 17 is specifically a polycarbonate film having a thickness of, for example, 100 μm, and other materials and films having other thicknesses may be used, but are not limited thereto.

Referring to fig. 2 and 5, fig. 5 is a cross-sectional structural view of fig. 2 at C-C. In one embodiment, the chip body 10 is further provided with a pressure compensating inlet 181, and the pressure compensating inlet 181 is communicated with the last preset chamber.

Referring to fig. 2 and 5, in one embodiment, a third guiding pillar 182 is disposed on the top surface 15 of the chip body 10, and the pressure compensating inlet 181 is disposed in the third guiding pillar 182. The third guide post 182 is further provided with a third flip 183, and the third flip 183 is used for opening or closing the pressure compensating air inlet 181. In this way, in order to balance the pressure of the processed sample liquid entering the sample detection chamber 142, when the sample liquid is transferred to the sample detection chamber 142, the third flip 183 is in an open state, the last preset chamber is communicated with the external environment through the pressure compensation air inlet 181, and the sample liquid is transferred from the preset chamber to the sample detection chamber 142 under the action of the suction device. When the third flip 183 is in a closed state, the third flip 183 can close the pressure compensating inlet 181, so as to ensure the sealing performance of the preset chamber. As an example, the third guiding pillar 182 may be omitted, that is, the pressure compensating inlet 181 is directly formed on the top surface 15 of the chip body 10. The third lid 183 may be rotatably opened and disposed on the end surface of the third guide post 182, may be detachably disposed on the end surface of the third guide post 182, or may be disposed in other manners, which is not limited herein.

It should be noted that the "third guiding column 182" may be "a part of the chip body 10", that is, the "third guiding column 182" and "the other part of the chip body 10" are integrally formed; the third guiding column 182 may be a separate member that is separable from the rest of the chip body 10, and may be made separately and integrated with the rest of the chip body 10. As shown in fig. 5, in one embodiment, the "third guiding column 182" is a part of the "chip body 10" which is integrally manufactured.

Referring to fig. 2 and 5, in one embodiment, an air inlet channel 184 is disposed on the chip body 10, the pressure compensating inlet 181 is communicated with one end of the air inlet channel 184, the pressure compensating inlet 181 is located on the top surface 15 of the chip body 10, and the other end of the air inlet channel 184 is communicated with the last pre-chamber. Further, a second waterproof and breathable film is arranged inside the air inlet channel 184.

Referring to fig. 3, in one embodiment, the bottom of the last pre-chamber is provided with a tapered channel 1141 having an inner diameter gradually decreasing along a direction from the top surface of the chip body 10 to the bottom surface of the chip body 10. The sample detection chamber 142 communicates with the preset chamber located at the end through the first flow-through channel 141. The tapered channel 1141 communicates with the first branch flow channel 141. In this manner, the tapered channel 1141 facilitates the complete drainage of the sample fluid in the last pre-set chamber into the sample detection chamber 142, reducing the residual volume of sample fluid in the last pre-set chamber.

Referring to fig. 3 and 7, in one embodiment, the chip body 10 further has a transition channel 118, a trunk channel 144 and a first branch channel 141 between the last pre-chamber and the sample detection chamber 142. The bottom of the last pre-chamber, the transition channel 118, the trunk channel 144, and the first branch channel 141 are in turn in communication with the sample detection chamber 142. It should be noted that the transition passage 118 and the trunk passage 144 are integrally connected and may be regarded as a same passage.

It should be noted that, as an example, the cross section of the transition passage 118 in the direction perpendicular to the flow direction thereof is a rectangular plane. Further, the ratio range of the height to the width of the rectangular surface is, for example, 1: 1-2: 1. the rectangular surface can reduce friction pressure drop, and the processing difficulty is low, and the processing consistency is better; the flow effect can be further ensured by controlling the height-width ratio. Further, similarly, the cross section of the first communication passage 115 in the direction perpendicular to the flow direction thereof may also be provided as a rectangular face.

Referring to fig. 3, further, a second switch valve for controlling the on/off of the transition channel 118 is disposed on the chip body 10. The second switch valve is a phase change valve, a lower pressure valve, a torque valve or a starting valve.

Referring to fig. 3 and 7, further, the first flow path 141 and the sample detection chamber 142 are multiple. The first flow branch channels 141 are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the sample detection chambers 142. All of the first branch flow channels 141 communicate with the trunk channel 144. All the sample detection chambers 142 communicate with the suction module 20 through the second branch flow channels 143, respectively.

Referring to fig. 3 and 7, further, the inlet of the sample detection chamber 142 is tapered along the flowing direction of the liquid, and the outlet of the sample detection chamber 142 is tapered along the flowing direction of the liquid.

Referring to fig. 3 and 7, further, the first branch channel 141 and the trunk channel 144 form an included angle a, which is 90 ° to 150 °. Specifically, the angle a is, for example, 120 °, 130 °, 135 °, 140 °, or the like. With such an arrangement, the resistance to the sample liquid flowing from the main channel 144 into the first branch channel 141 can be reduced by reducing the pressure drop of the flow channel, so that the sample liquid in the preset chamber can be transferred into the sample detection chamber 142 more easily.

Further, the first branch channel 141 includes a first section and a second section. The trunk channel, the first section and the second section are communicated in sequence. The first section and the second section are arranged at included angles with the trunk channel, and the included angle between the first section and the trunk channel is smaller than that between the second section and the trunk channel. Therefore, the layout is more compact, and the chip volume is reduced; preventing backflow of liquid within the sample detection chamber 142 into the trunk channel 144.

Referring to fig. 3 and 7, further, a plurality of first branch flow channels 141, a plurality of sample detection chambers 142, and a plurality of second branch flow channels 143 are disposed on both sides of the main channel 144, and the first branch flow channels 141, the sample detection chambers 142, and the second branch flow channels 143 on the same side are connected in a one-to-one correspondence manner. The first branch flow channel 141, the sample detection chamber 142, and the second branch flow channel 143 provided on one side of the trunk channel 144 are respectively arranged symmetrically with respect to the trunk channel 144 with respect to the first branch flow channel 141, the sample detection chamber 142, and the second branch flow channel 143 provided on the other side. So arrange, have at least following technological effect: the space can be fully utilized, the volume of the micro-fluidic chip is reduced, and the detection efficiency can be improved.

Referring to fig. 6 to 8, fig. 8 is a sectional view of fig. 6 at E-E. Further, the other ends of the plurality of second branch flow channels 143 each extend onto the top surface 15 of the chip body 10. The suction assembly 20 includes a vacuum bladder 21. The evacuation bladder 21 is provided on the top surface 15 of the chip body 10, and the evacuation bladder 21 communicates with the other ends of the plurality of second branch passages 143, respectively. Therefore, the vacuumizing airbag 21 serves as a driving source, the requirements of the micro-fluidic chip on elements such as an external driving pump are reduced, the complexity of the micro-fluidic chip and a matched instrument is further reduced, and the cost is greatly reduced.

Referring to fig. 3, 7 and 8, further, the suction module 20 further includes a buffer transition piece 22 disposed between the vacuum bladder 21 and the top surface 15 of the chip body 10. The buffer transition piece 22 is provided with a buffer chamber 221, the bottom of the buffer chamber 221 is respectively communicated with the other ends of the plurality of second branch flow channels 143, and the top of the buffer chamber 221 is communicated with the vacuum-pumping air bag 21. Specifically, the top region of the buffer chamber 221 is provided with a third water/gas permeable membrane 222. In addition, in order to ensure the suction effect, the other ends of the plurality of second branch flow channels 143 are collectively arranged, so that the opening area of the buffer chamber 221 can be reduced, the vacuum air bag 21 can be conveniently applied to each second branch flow channel 143, and the suction effect is better.

It should be noted that the "buffer transition piece 22" may be a part of the chip body 10, that is, the "buffer transition piece 22" and the other part of the chip body 10 are integrally formed; the "buffer transition piece 22" may be a separate member that is separable from the "other parts of the chip body 10", and may be manufactured separately and integrated with the "other parts of the chip body 10". In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the "buffer transition piece 22" is a part of the "chip body 10" that is integrally formed.

Referring to fig. 3, 7 and 8, in order to design the transition channel 118, the trunk channel 144, the first branch channel 141, the sample detection chamber 142 and the second branch channel 143 on the chip body 10, further, the bottom surface 16 of the chip body 10 is provided with a second concave portion corresponding to the transition channel 118, the trunk channel 144, the first branch channel 141, the sample detection chamber 142 and the second branch channel 143, and a second film 19. The second film 19 and the second concave portion enclose to form a transition channel 118, a main channel 144, a first branch channel 141, a sample detection chamber 142 and a second branch channel 143. Specifically, the second film 19 is a polycarbonate film having a thickness of, for example, 100 μm, and a film of another material may be used, but is not limited thereto.

Referring to fig. 1, 3 and 6, it should be noted that the thickness of the portion of the chip body 10 where the pre-chamber is disposed (e.g., D1 in fig. 3) is greater than the thickness of the portion of the chip body 10 where the first branch channel 141, the sample detection chamber 142 and the second branch channel 143 are disposed (e.g., D2 in fig. 3), so that the overall structure of the chip body 10 is similar to a step shape, and the pumping assembly 20 can be disposed on the step surface, so that the overall volume is small.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, in an embodiment, an in vitro diagnostic and analysis apparatus includes the microfluidic chip of any of the above embodiments, and further includes a magnetic device and a detection apparatus. The magnetic device is used for adsorbing magnetic beads and moving the magnetic beads. The detection device is arranged corresponding to the sample detection chamber and is used for optically detecting the sample in the sample detection chamber.

In the in vitro diagnostic and analysis device, the sample liquid is injected into the first preset chamber through the sample inlet 121, so that the sample liquid reacts with the stored reagent in the preset chamber, the reacted target is carried by the magnetic beads, the magnetic beads are adsorbed by the magnetic device, the microfluidic chip or the magnetic device is moved, the target carried by the magnetic beads is moved to the next preset chamber and finally enters the last preset chamber, then the pumping component 20 is used for pumping, the target is obtained in the last preset chamber, and the target enters the sample detection chamber 142 through the first branch channel 141, so that the amplification and detection operations can be completed in the sample detection chamber 142. Therefore, full-automatic detection processing can be realized, the detection efficiency can be greatly improved, and the cost is reduced.

In order to make the utility model clearer, the following detailed description will be given in two specific tests:

test No.)

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, 7 and 8, when the microfluidic chip is used for integrated processing and detection of sample extraction and amplification, the first pre-chamber 111 is provided with a mixture of lysis solution and magnetic beads, the second pre-chamber 112 is provided with a first cleaning solution, the third pre-chamber 113 is provided with a second cleaning solution, the fourth pre-chamber 114 is provided with an eluent, and the sample detection chamber 142 is provided with a freeze-dried PCR reagent. In addition, the first preset chamber 111 is further provided with a quantitative volume of liquid mineral oil above the mixed solution of lysis solution and magnetic beads, and the first preset chamber 111 is in an unfilled state. The second preset chamber 112, the third preset chamber 113 and the fourth preset chamber 114 are also filled with a predetermined volume of liquid mineral oil, and are all in a full state. In the using process, a user uses a pipette or a dropper to suck the sample liquid, opens the first flip 123, the second flip 133 and the third flip 183, and inserts the pipette head into the sample inlet 121 of the first guide column 122 to inject the sample. In the sample injection process, the filter element 125 can filter out large-volume impurities in the sample liquid, and physical purification of the sample liquid is realized. The sample liquid enters the first preset chamber 111, and because the density of the sample liquid is greater than that of the mineral oil, the sample liquid passes through the mineral oil and enters the bottom of the first preset chamber 111 to be uniformly mixed with the lysis solution and the magnetic beads, and along with the injection of the sample liquid, the mineral oil gradually rises to be flush with the top surface 15 of the chip body 10. The magnetic beads are mainly metal oxides, and hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups and other groups are modified on the surfaces of the magnetic beads, so that nucleic acid in a sample liquid can be captured and transferred together with the nucleic acid as a carrier of the nucleic acid. After the sample injection is finished, the first flip 123 and the second flip 133 are closed to ensure that no leakage exists in the sample liquid treatment process, and the chip body 10 is placed in a designated area inside a matched instrument. In the cracking process of the sample liquid, the magnetic bead mixing device in the instrument can be used for carrying out operations such as mixing and oscillation on the liquid, so that the cracking process is accelerated.

After the lysis is finished, the magnetic beads are adsorbed on the top of the chip by the magnetic adsorption device positioned above the chip body 10 in the instrument, the shape of the phase change valve between the first preset chamber 111 and the second preset chamber 112 is changed by the heating and temperature rising of the heating device in the instrument, and the magnetic beads carrying nucleic acid pass through the phase change valve and the first communication channel 115 from the first preset chamber 111 to the top of the second preset chamber 112 by moving the chip body 10 or the magnetic adsorption device. At the moment, the magnetic adsorption device positioned above the chip in the instrument is far away from the chip, magnetic beads carrying nucleic acid pass through mineral oil under the action of gravity and sink to the bottom of the second preset chamber 112, the heating device in the instrument is closed, the temperature of the phase change valve between the first preset chamber 111 and the second preset chamber 112 is reduced and changed into a solid state, the first communication channel 115 for isolating the first preset chamber 111 and the second preset chamber 112 is realized, and the second preset chamber 112 is prevented from being interfered by the first preset chamber 111. Carry out operations such as mixing oscillation to the magnetic bead that carries the nucleic acid in the second presets cavity 112 through the inside magnetic bead mixing device of instrument, improve cleaning efficiency, can get rid of the impurity on the magnetic bead that carries the nucleic acid, avoid entering into suppression reaction in sample detection chamber 142.

After washing, the magnetic beads are transferred from the second pre-chamber 112 to the third pre-chamber 113 through the phase change valve and the first communication channel 115 between the second pre-chamber 112 and the third pre-chamber 113 in the same manner. The magnetic beads carrying nucleic acids are further washed in a third pre-chamber 113 for removing impurities.

Similarly, in the same way, the magnetic beads are passed through the phase change valve and the first communication channel 115 between the third pre-chamber 113 and the fourth pre-chamber 114, so as to be transferred from the third pre-chamber 113 into the fourth pre-chamber 114. Eluting the nucleic acid on the surface of the magnetic bead into the eluent in the fourth preset chamber 114, after the elution is finished, adsorbing the magnetic bead on the top of the chip body 10 by a magnetic adsorption device positioned above the chip body 10 in the instrument, starting heating of a temperature control module positioned at the bottom of the transition channel 118 by the instrument, heating the phase change valve in the transition channel 118 to be liquid, transferring the phase change valve in the transition channel 118 into a buffer chamber 221 by a vacuumizing air bag 21, filling the main channel 144, the first branch channel 141, the sample detection chamber 142 and the second branch channel 143 with the eluent containing the nucleic acid in the fourth preset chamber 114, and filling the transition channel 118 with the mineral oil in the fourth preset chamber 114 in a descending manner. At this time, the chip sample forms an oil-liquid-oil closed system, and the temperature rise and fall of the sample detection chamber 142 and the detection of the fluorescent signal are realized through the temperature control device and the optical detection device inside the instrument, so that the real-time fluorescent PCR is completed.

Test No. two

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, 7 and 8, when the microfluidic chip is used for chemiluminescence detection of a sample, the first pre-chamber 111 is provided with a magnetic label primary antibody, the second pre-chamber 112 is provided with an enzyme label secondary antibody, the third pre-chamber 113 is provided with a cleaning solution, the fourth pre-chamber 114 is provided with a substrate luminescence solution, and the sample detection chamber 142 is empty. In addition, the first pre-chamber 111 is also provided with a quantitative volume of liquid mineral oil above the magnetic scale primary antibody, the first pre-chamber 111 being in an unfilled state. The second preset chamber 112, the third preset chamber 113 and the fourth preset chamber 114 are also filled with a predetermined volume of liquid mineral oil, and are all in a full state. In the using process, a user uses a pipette or a dropper to suck the sample liquid, opens the first flip 123, the second flip 133 and the third flip 183, and inserts the pipette head into the sample inlet 121 of the first guide column 122 to inject the sample. In the sample injection process, the filter element 125 can filter out large-volume impurities in the sample liquid, and physical purification of the sample liquid is realized. The sample liquid enters the first preset chamber 111, and because the density of the sample liquid is greater than that of the mineral oil, the sample liquid passes through the mineral oil and enters the bottom of the first preset chamber 111 to be uniformly mixed with the first magnetic marker, and along with the injection of the sample liquid, the mineral oil gradually rises to be flush with the top surface 15 of the chip body 10. After the sample injection is completed, the first flip 123 and the second flip 133 are closed, and the chip body 10 is placed in a designated area inside the matching instrument. Then, the magnetic bead mixing device inside the apparatus performs mixing oscillation and other operations on the sample liquid in the first preset chamber 111, and the sample liquid reacts with the magnetic label primary antibody to promote the reaction process.

After the reaction is finished, the magnetic beads are adsorbed on the top of the chip body 10 by the magnet located above the chip inside the instrument, the shape of the phase change valve between the first preset chamber 111 and the second preset chamber 112 is changed by the heating and temperature rising of the heating device inside the instrument, and the magnetic beads pass through the phase change valve and the first communication channel 115 from the first preset chamber 111 to the top of the second preset chamber 112 by the movement of the chip body 10 or the magnetic adsorption device. At this moment, the magnetic adsorption device positioned above the chip in the instrument is far away, the magnetic beads pass through mineral oil under the action of gravity and sink to the bottom of the second preset chamber 112, the heating device in the instrument is closed, the temperature of the phase change valve between the first preset chamber 111 and the second preset chamber 112 is reduced to be solid, the first communication channel 115 for isolating the first preset chamber 111 and the second preset chamber 112 is realized, and the second preset chamber 112 is prevented from being interfered by the first preset chamber 111.

The magnetic beads in the second preset chamber 112 are uniformly mixed and oscillated by a magnetic bead uniformly mixing device in the instrument, so that the reaction efficiency with the enzyme-labeled secondary antibody is improved. After the reaction is finished, the magnetic beads are sequentially transferred to the third preset chamber 113 and the fourth preset chamber 114 in the same manner in the instrument, so that the cleaning, the substrate luminescence and the magnetic beads function. The instrument starts to heat up in the temperature control module at the bottom of the transition channel 118, the phase change valve in the transition channel 118 changes into liquid, the vacuumizing airbag 21 transfers the phase change valve in the transition channel 118 to the buffer chamber 221, the substrate luminescent liquid and the magnetic beads in the fourth pre-chamber 114 fill the main channel 144, the first branch channel 141, the sample detection chamber 142 and the second branch channel 143, and the mineral oil liquid level in the fourth pre-chamber 114 drops and fills the transition channel 118. The sample detection chamber 142 may be designed to quantify the volume, and the optical detection system inside the apparatus works to perform the detection process.

The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above examples only show some embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the utility model and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the utility model.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not denote a unique embodiment.

Claims (23)

1. A microfluidic chip, comprising:

the chip comprises a chip body, wherein at least two preset chambers which are sequentially communicated are arranged on the chip body, the adjacent preset chambers are communicated through a first communication channel, a sample inlet and an exhaust port are also arranged on the chip body, and the sample inlet and the exhaust port are both communicated with the preset chamber at the head position; the chip body is also provided with a sample detection chamber which is communicated with the preset chamber at the tail end;

the magnetic beads move in all the preset chambers under the action of a magnetic device, and the suction assembly is communicated with the sample detection chamber.

2. The microfluidic chip according to claim 1, wherein a first guide pillar is disposed on the top surface of the chip body, and the sample inlet is disposed in the first guide pillar; still be equipped with first flip on the first guide post, first flip is used for opening or closes the introduction port.

3. The microfluidic chip according to claim 1, wherein a sample channel is disposed on the chip body, the sample inlet is communicated with one end of the sample channel, the sample inlet is located on the top surface of the chip body, and the other end of the sample channel is communicated with the pre-chamber located at the head position; and a filter element is arranged in the sample introduction channel.

4. The microfluidic chip according to claim 1, wherein a second guide pillar is disposed on the top surface of the chip body, and the gas outlet is disposed in the second guide pillar; and a second flip cover is further arranged on the second guide post and used for opening or closing the exhaust port.

5. The microfluidic chip according to claim 1, wherein an exhaust channel is disposed on the chip body, the exhaust port is communicated with one end of the exhaust channel, the exhaust port is located on the top surface of the chip body, and the other end of the exhaust channel is communicated with the top portion of the pre-chamber located at the head; a first waterproof breathable film is arranged in the exhaust passage.

6. The microfluidic chip according to claim 1, wherein the pre-chamber contains a processing reagent and mineral oil above the processing reagent; the sample detection chamber is filled with a detection reagent or is in an empty state.

7. The microfluidic chip according to claim 6, wherein the at least two pre-chambers comprise a first pre-chamber, a second pre-chamber, a third pre-chamber and a fourth pre-chamber, which are sequentially communicated; the first preset chamber is provided with a reserved space, and the second preset chamber, the third preset chamber and the fourth preset chamber are all in a full state.

8. The microfluidic chip according to claim 1, wherein the chip body is further provided with a first switch valve for controlling the first communication channel to be switched on and off; the first switch valve is a phase change valve, a lower pressure valve, a torque valve or a starting valve.

9. The microfluidic chip according to claim 8, wherein a wall plate is disposed between adjacent pre-chambers, the first communicating channel is disposed on a top portion of the wall plate, and the first switching valve is a phase change valve disposed on the first communicating channel.

10. The microfluidic chip according to claim 1, wherein the sample inlet port wall of the first communicating channel is provided with a smooth guiding surface, and the sample outlet port wall of the first communicating channel is provided with a smooth guiding surface.

11. The microfluidic chip according to claim 1, wherein the chip body further comprises a pressure compensating inlet, and the pressure compensating inlet is communicated with the last pre-chamber.

12. The microfluidic chip according to claim 11, wherein a third guide pillar is disposed on the top surface of the chip body, and the pressure compensating inlet is disposed in the third guide pillar; and a third flip cover is further arranged on the third guide post and used for opening or closing the pressure supplementing air inlet.

13. The microfluidic chip according to claim 11, wherein the chip body is provided with an air inlet channel, the pressure compensating air inlet is communicated with one end of the air inlet channel, the pressure compensating air inlet is located on the top surface of the chip body, and the other end of the air inlet channel is communicated with the preset chamber located at the tail end.

14. The microfluidic chip according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the last pre-chamber is provided with a tapered channel with an inner diameter gradually decreasing along a direction from the top surface of the chip body to the bottom surface of the chip body; the sample detection chamber is communicated with the preset chamber at the tail end through a first branch flow channel, and the tapered channel is communicated with the first branch flow channel.

15. The microfluidic chip according to claim 1, wherein the chip body further comprises a transition channel, a trunk channel and a first branch channel between the last pre-chamber and the sample detection chamber, and the bottom of the last pre-chamber, the transition channel, the trunk channel and the first branch channel are sequentially communicated with the sample detection chamber.

16. The microfluidic chip according to claim 15, wherein a second switch valve for controlling the on/off of the transition channel is further disposed on the chip body; the second switch valve is a phase change valve, a lower pressure valve, a torque valve or a starting valve.

17. The microfluidic chip according to claim 15, wherein the first flow path and the sample detection chamber are both plural; the first branch flow channels are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the sample detection chambers; all the first branch flow channels are communicated with the main flow channel; all the sample detection chambers are communicated with the suction assembly through second branch flow channels respectively.

18. The microfluidic chip according to claim 17, wherein the first branch channel and the trunk channel are disposed at an angle a, which is 90 ° to 150 °.

19. The microfluidic chip according to claim 18, wherein the first flow-diversion channel comprises a first section and a second section; the trunk channel, the first section and the second section are communicated in sequence; the first section with the second section all with trunk channel is the contained angle setting, the first section with trunk channel's contained angle is less than the second section with trunk channel's contained angle.

20. The microfluidic chip according to claim 17, wherein a plurality of the first branch channels, a plurality of the sample detection chambers, and a plurality of the second branch channels are disposed on two sides of the main channel; the first branch flow channel, the sample detection chamber and the second branch flow channel arranged on one side of the trunk channel, and the first branch flow channel, the sample detection chamber and the second branch flow channel arranged on the other side are symmetrically arranged around the trunk channel.

21. The microfluidic chip according to claim 17, wherein the pumping assembly comprises an evacuation bladder disposed on the top surface of the chip body, and the other ends of all the second branch channels extend onto the top surface of the chip body and communicate with the evacuation bladder.

22. The microfluidic chip according to claim 21, wherein the pumping assembly further comprises a buffer transition piece disposed between the vacuum-pumping air bag and the top surface of the chip body, the buffer transition piece is provided with a buffer chamber, the bottom of the buffer chamber is respectively communicated with the other ends of the second branch channels, and the top of the buffer chamber is communicated with the vacuum-pumping air bag.

23. An in vitro diagnostic and analytical device, characterized in that it comprises a microfluidic chip according to any one of claims 1 to 22, and further comprises magnetic means and detection means; the magnetic device is used for adsorbing and moving the magnetic beads; the detection equipment is arranged corresponding to the sample detection chamber and is used for optically detecting the sample in the sample detection chamber.

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