CN216013811U

CN216013811U - Novel astronomical telescope based on common phase technology

Info

Publication number: CN216013811U
Application number: CN202122693658.3U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵佳晨
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-11-05
Filing date: 2021-11-05
Publication date: 2022-03-11
Anticipated expiration: 2031-11-05

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of astronomical telescopes and discloses a novel astronomical telescope based on a common phase technology, which comprises a shell, wherein a plurality of primary mirrors for receiving light are distributed on the shell in an equidistant annular array, each primary mirror consists of a plurality of sub-mirrors spliced in the same phase and is positioned in the shell, and a caliber is formed among the plurality of sub-mirrors and can reflect the light and converge the light towards the same point on the central axis of the primary mirror; and each secondary mirror is arranged in the shell and is used for reflecting the light rays reflected by the sub-mirrors into parallel light and emitting the parallel light towards the holes among the sub-mirrors. The main mirror of the invention is composed of a plurality of phase-shared sub-mirrors, so that light beams can be reflected to the secondary mirror through the plurality of sub-mirrors and reach the imaging device for imaging through the optical path compensation assembly and the folding axis mirror, and the phase-shared splicing mode of the plurality of sub-mirrors can effectively increase the observation distance of the astronomical telescope and make imaging clearer.

Description

Novel astronomical telescope based on common phase technology

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of astronomical telescopes, and particularly relates to a novel astronomical telescope based on a common phase technology.

Background

Astronomical telescopes are the main tools for observing and capturing celestial body information. From 1609, Galileo made the first telescope, the telescope began to develop continuously, from the optical wave band to the full wave band, from the ground to the space, the telescope observation ability became stronger and stronger, and more celestial body information could be captured. The human body is expected to be far away from the aspects of electromagnetic wave bands, neutrinos, gravitational waves, cosmic rays and the like.

The optical configuration of the telescope is determined in particular by the function of the telescope, for example in relation to the light intensity, the imaging quality and the focusing and magnifying mechanism. In contrast to optical measuring devices, for example, electro-optical distance meters comprise a light receiver for receiving a light beam, the light beam in a telescope being received by the human eye, for which purpose a correspondingly very high-quality image is required. The challenge for optical engineers is to produce a telescope with a short length but generally high imaging quality. In order to obtain this imaging quality, it is necessary to correct imaging errors such as spherical aberration, coma, distortion, and chromatic aberration. These corrections are achieved by the parameters, such as lens curvature, quantity, material (optical properties) and arrangement of the optical components, the components for correction, and their highly precise manufacture and exact orientation which contributes to the image quality in the telescope.

The observation distance and the imaging quality of the astronomical telescope are particularly important, the larger caliber needs to be manufactured for increasing the farther observation distance, in order to solve the difficulty in manufacturing the super-large single-caliber telescope, spliced multi-surface mirror reflectors are proposed, but the requirements on splicing precision are extremely high, and an adjustable supporting structure needs to be designed for each reflector, so that the supporting and adjusting structure is extremely complex, the assembling and adjusting precision is difficult to keep, the real-time correction of self-adaptive optics is not facilitated, and a certain difficulty still exists in the actual application, so that the problem needs to be solved by designing a novel astronomical telescope based on the common phase technology.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: in order to solve the problems in the background art, the invention provides a novel astronomical telescope based on a common phase technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a novel astronomical telescope based on a common phase technology comprises a shell, wherein a plurality of main mirrors for receiving light rays are distributed on the shell in an equidistant annular array mode, each main mirror is composed of a plurality of sub-mirrors spliced in the same phase and is positioned in the shell, and calibers are formed among the sub-mirrors and can reflect the light rays and converge the light rays towards the same point on the central axis of the main mirror; the secondary mirrors are respectively arranged in the shell and used for reflecting the light rays reflected by the secondary mirrors into parallel light and emitting the parallel light towards the calibers among the secondary mirrors; the optical path compensation components are distributed on the inner peripheral side of the shell in an equidistant annular array mode through a support and correspond to the primary mirror, and each optical path compensation component is obliquely arranged at an angle of 45 degrees and can receive light rays emitted by the secondary mirror to reflect the light rays in a vertical angle; the folded axial mirrors are arranged in the shell and are parallel to the corresponding optical path compensation components, and are used for receiving light rays emitted by the optical path compensation components and converging the light rays to form parallel light rays to be emitted; and the imaging device is arranged on one side far away from the primary mirror in the shell and is used for receiving and imaging the converged parallel light in real time.

Furthermore, a first adjusting mechanism is arranged in the shell and can independently adjust the angle and the distance between each optical path compensation component and the secondary mirror, so that the optical path and the reflection angle of the light beam reflected by the secondary mirror can be adjusted, and the effect of changing the observation distance of the telescope is achieved.

Furthermore, a second adjusting mechanism is arranged in the shell and can be used for independently adjusting the angle and the distance between each folding shaft mirror and the optical path compensation assembly, the position between each folding shaft mirror and the corresponding optical path compensation assembly can be changed under the action of the second adjusting mechanism, so that the optical path and the reflection angle of the light beam reflected by the optical path compensation assembly can be adjusted, the folding shaft mirrors can be correspondingly changed according to the positions adjusted by the optical path compensation assemblies, the folding shaft mirrors can reflect the light beam into parallel light and irradiate the parallel light on the imaging device, and the imaging of the imaging device is clear.

Furthermore, the number of the primary mirrors is three to form a Golay3 telescope structure, when the interference array structure is determined, a small filling factor is selected as much as possible to obtain high resolution, and imaging blurring caused by corresponding over-low middle frequency band of spatial frequency is avoided, so that the distance from the central points of the three primary mirrors to the central point of the aperture of the corresponding secondary mirror is 1.6r, the filling factor is 0.44 to ensure the imaging quality of the imaging device, and the number of the secondary mirrors, the optical path compensation assemblies and the folding axis mirror is three and is designed by matching with the number of the primary mirrors, so that the design is more reasonable.

Further, fixedly connected with is rather than being located same the central axis and being located the dead lever between the three primary mirror in the shell, the dead lever is kept away from the regulation seat that the one end fixedly connected with that links to each other with the shell is triangular pyramid type structure, every the jackscrew is installed respectively on the three plane of adjusting the seat for the dead lever can not stop the light beam with adjusting the seat, and realizes the suitable installation of jackscrew in the shell.

Furthermore, the optical path compensation assembly comprises a reflecting mirror which is a plane and the central point of which is positioned on the central axis of the optical path compensation assembly, and the reflecting mirror is used for adjusting the optical path difference, so that light beams reflected by the secondary mirrors can be converged, and the imaging quality is improved.

Furthermore, a multi-stage telescopic sleeve which is positioned at the same central axis with the shell is inserted in one side of the shell far away from the main mirror, a control device used for controlling the shell to stretch is arranged on the shell, the imaging device is arranged in the multi-stage telescopic sleeve, the length of the multi-stage telescopic sleeve can be changed under the action of the control device, and then the imaging device moves back and forth in the shell, so that the distance between the imaging device and the folding shaft mirror can be changed, the optical path of a light beam reflected by the folding shaft mirror can be adjusted, and the purposes of focusing and clear imaging can be achieved.

Furthermore, a plurality of compensating mirrors and correcting mirrors are arranged in the multistage telescopic tube and are used for adjusting the aplanatism and correcting the optical axis shake, and the imaging quality of the imaging device after receiving the light beam is further improved.

Furthermore, the plurality of sub-mirrors and the secondary mirror are of a Cassegrain structure, the optical paths of the sub-mirrors are equal, and the central point of the secondary mirror is used as a focus.

Further, the imaging device is a CCD camera, and a lens of the CCD camera faces the main mirror, so that the parallel light beams converged by the folding axis mirror can irradiate on the lens of the CCD camera, thereby performing imaging.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the main mirror of the invention is composed of a plurality of phase-shared sub-mirrors, so that light beams can be reflected to the secondary mirror through the plurality of sub-mirrors, and can reach the imaging device for imaging through the optical path compensation assembly and the folding axis mirror again.

2. The invention adopts a reflection type light beam combination structure, the result is composed of a plurality of secondary mirrors, the secondary mirrors can be integrated and designed in a lens cone, and compared with the traditional large-caliber telescope, the invention can effectively reduce the number of adjusting modules, reduce the manufacturing difficulty and improve the concentricity.

3. The position between the optical path compensation assembly and the secondary mirror can be changed through the arrangement of the first adjusting mechanism under the action of the first adjusting mechanism, so that the optical path and the reflection angle of the light beam reflected by the secondary mirror can be adjusted to achieve the effect of changing the observation distance of the telescope, and meanwhile, the position between the folding axis mirror and the optical path compensation assembly can be changed through the action of the second adjusting mechanism, so that the folding axis mirror can be correspondingly changed according to the position adjusted by the optical path compensation assembly, the light beam can be reflected into parallel light by the folding axis mirror and irradiated on the imaging device, and the imaging of the imaging device is clear.

4. According to the invention, the primary mirror is arranged in a Golay3 telescope structure, so that the telescope can ensure that the imaging is not blurred while high resolution is obtained, and the design is more reasonable.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the A-A direction half-section structure of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the principles of the present invention;

in the figure: 1. a housing; 2. a primary mirror; 21. a sub-mirror; 22. a secondary mirror; 3. an optical path compensation component; 4. a folding axis mirror; 5. an image forming apparatus.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-4, the embodiment provides a novel astronomical telescope based on a common phase technology, which comprises a casing 1, wherein a plurality of primary mirrors 2 for receiving light are distributed on the casing 1 in an equidistant annular array, each primary mirror 2 consists of a plurality of sub-mirrors 21 spliced in a common phase and is positioned in the casing 1, and apertures are formed among the plurality of sub-mirrors 21 and can reflect the light and converge the light towards the same point on the central axis of the primary mirror 2; a plurality of secondary mirrors 22, each secondary mirror 22 being disposed in the housing 1 and configured to reflect the light reflected by the plurality of secondary mirrors 21 as parallel light and emit the parallel light toward apertures between the plurality of secondary mirrors 21; the optical path compensation components 3 are distributed on the inner peripheral side of the shell 1 in an equidistant annular array mode through a support and correspond to the primary mirror 2, and each optical path compensation component 3 is obliquely arranged at an angle of 45 degrees and can receive light rays emitted by the secondary mirror 22 to reflect the light rays in a vertical angle; the folding axial lenses 4 are arranged in the shell 1 and are parallel to the corresponding optical path compensation components 3, and are used for receiving light rays emitted by the optical path compensation components 3 and converging the light rays to form parallel light rays for emission; the imaging device 5, the imaging device 5 is installed in one side far away from the primary mirror 2 in the housing 1, and is used for receiving and imaging the converged parallel light in real time, through such design, the telescope can receive light through the plurality of primary mirrors 2, and because the primary mirror 2 is composed of a plurality of phase-sharing secondary mirrors 21, the light beam can be reflected to the secondary mirror 22 through the plurality of secondary mirrors 21, and reaches the imaging device 5 through the optical path compensation component 3 and the folding axis mirror 4 again for imaging, the splicing mode of the phase sharing of the plurality of secondary mirrors 21 can effectively increase the observation distance of the astronomical telescope, and make the weak light converge, so that the imaging is clearer, and the telescope adopts a reflection type light beam combination structure, the result is composed of a plurality of secondary mirrors 22, can be integrated and designed in one lens barrel, compared with the traditional large-caliber telescope, the adjusting module can be effectively reduced, the manufacturing difficulty is reduced, and the concentricity is improved.

Preferably, in some embodiments, it is provided that a first adjusting mechanism is disposed in the housing 1, the first adjusting mechanism is capable of independently adjusting the angle and distance between each optical path compensation assembly 3 and the secondary mirror 22, and the position between the optical path compensation assembly 3 and the secondary mirror 22 can be changed through the action of the first adjusting mechanism, so that the optical path and the reflection angle of the light beam reflected by the secondary mirror 22 can be adjusted to achieve the effect of changing the observation distance of the telescope.

Meanwhile, in some embodiments, a second adjusting mechanism is disposed in the housing 1, and the second adjusting mechanism can individually adjust the angle and distance between each of the folding axis mirrors 4 and the optical path compensation assembly 3, and the position between the folding axis mirror 4 and the optical path compensation assembly 3 can be changed through the action of the second adjusting mechanism, so that the optical path and the reflection angle of the light beam reflected by the optical path compensation assembly 3 can be adjusted, and after the optical path compensation assembly 3 changes the position, the folding axis mirror 4 can correspondingly change according to the adjusted position of the optical path compensation assembly 3, and it is ensured that the folding axis mirror 4 can reflect the light beam into parallel light and irradiate on the imaging device 5, so that the imaging of the imaging device 5 is clear, and the imaging quality of the telescope is ensured.

Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 3, the number of the primary mirrors 2 is three to form a Golay3 telescope structure, the fill factor is defined as the ratio of the aperture area of the secondary mirror 22 to the area of the circumscribed circle of the array, which reflects the tightness of the aperture array of the secondary mirror 22, as the fill factor becomes smaller, i.e. the arrangement of the aperture array of the secondary mirror 22 becomes more and more sparse, the larger the coverage of the optical system to the spatial frequency is, the higher the MTF cutoff frequency of the system is, the larger the system resolution is, and as the fill factor becomes smaller, the medium band response value of the MTF decreases, and decreases to zero when the fill factor is sufficiently small, at this time, the resolution of the optical system is determined by the MTF to a zero point rather than the cutoff frequency position, i.e. the resolution of a single aperture, when the interference array structure is determined, the small fill factor is selected as much as possible to obtain high resolution, and the imaging blur caused by the correspondingly too low medium band of the spatial frequency is avoided, therefore, the distance from the central point of the three primary mirrors 2 to the central point of the aperture of the corresponding secondary mirror 21 is 1.6r, and the filling factor is 0.44, so as to ensure the imaging quality of the imaging device 5, and the number of the secondary mirrors 22, the optical path compensation assembly 3 and the folding axis mirror 4 is three, so as to match the structural number design of the primary mirrors 2, so that the design is more reasonable.

Referring to fig. 3 for a specific connection manner between the folding axis mirror 4 and the housing 1, a fixing rod located in the same central axis and located between the three main mirrors 2 is fixedly connected in the housing 1, an adjusting seat in a triangular pyramid structure is fixedly connected to one end of the fixing rod far away from the housing 1, and each folding axis mirror 4 is respectively installed on three planes of the adjusting seat, so that the fixing rod and the adjusting seat cannot block a light beam, and the folding axis mirror 4 is properly installed in the housing 1.

Preferably, the optical path compensation assembly 3 includes a plane reflector having a central point located on a central axis of the optical path compensation assembly 3, and is configured to adjust an optical path difference, so that light beams reflected by the secondary mirrors 22 by the plurality of secondary mirrors 21 can be converged, and the imaging quality is improved.

Referring to fig. 3, a multi-stage telescopic tube located at the same central axis with the main mirror 2 is inserted into one side of the housing 1 away from the main mirror 2, a control device for controlling the housing 1 to extend and retract is disposed on the housing 1, and the imaging device 5 is disposed in the multi-stage telescopic tube, and the length of the multi-stage telescopic tube can be changed under the action of the control device, so that the imaging device 5 can move back and forth inside the housing 1, thereby changing the distance between the imaging device 5 and the folding shaft mirror 4, and adjusting the optical path of the light beam reflected by the folding shaft mirror 4, so as to achieve the purposes of focusing and clear imaging.

Meanwhile, a plurality of compensating mirrors and correcting mirrors are arranged in the multistage telescopic tube and are used for performing aplanatism adjustment and correcting optical axis shake, and the imaging quality of the imaging device 5 after receiving the light beams is further improved.

In addition, the plurality of sub-mirrors 21 and the secondary mirror 22 are all of a Cassegrain structure, the optical path reflected by each sub-mirror 21 is equal, and the central point of the secondary mirror 22 is taken as a focus, so that the design can eliminate the star scattering effect caused by a spider-type support frame, although the closed lens barrel can cause the loss of light collection quantity, the lens barrel can be kept clean, and the primary mirror 2 can also be protected. Although such telescopes are more expensive than single-aperture reflex telescopes, they are preferred by strict astronomical enthusiasts due to the compact optical design making them easily portable within a custom designed aperture.

Specifically, imaging device 5 is the CCD camera, and the lens of CCD camera is towards primary mirror 2 to make the parallel light beam that the broken axis mirror 4 gathered can shine on the lens of CCD camera, thereby form images, and such design can be more reasonable.

In the device, all electric devices and drivers matched with the electric devices are arranged, and all driving parts, namely power elements, the electric devices and adaptive power supplies, are connected through leads by a person skilled in the art, and specific connecting means refer to the above expression that the electric devices are electrically connected in sequence, and detailed connecting means thereof are well known in the art.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A novel astronomical telescope based on a common phase technique, comprising:

the light source comprises a shell (1), wherein a plurality of main mirrors (2) for receiving light rays are distributed on the shell (1) in an equidistant annular array, each main mirror (2) consists of a plurality of sub-mirrors (21) spliced in a common phase and is positioned in the shell (1), and apertures are formed among the plurality of sub-mirrors (21) and can reflect the light rays and converge the light rays towards the same point on the central axis of the main mirror (2);

the secondary mirrors (22) are respectively arranged in the shell (1), and are used for reflecting the light rays reflected by the sub-mirrors (21) into parallel light and emitting the parallel light towards the caliber among the sub-mirrors (21);

the optical path compensation assemblies (3) are distributed on the inner peripheral side of the shell (1) in an equidistant annular array mode through a support and correspond to the primary mirror (2), and each optical path compensation assembly (3) is obliquely arranged at an angle of 45 degrees and can receive light rays emitted by the secondary mirror (22) to reflect the light rays in a vertical angle;

the optical path compensation device comprises a plurality of folding axial mirrors (4), wherein each folding axial mirror (4) is arranged in a shell (1) and is parallel to a corresponding optical path compensation component (3) so as to be used for receiving light rays emitted by the optical path compensation components (3) and converging the light rays to form parallel light rays for emission;

the imaging device (5) is installed on one side, far away from the main mirror (2), in the shell (1), and is used for receiving and imaging the converged parallel light in real time.

2. The novel astronomical telescope based on the common-phase technology according to claim 1, wherein a first adjusting mechanism is arranged in the casing (1), and the first adjusting mechanism can independently adjust the angle and the distance between each optical path compensation component (3) and the secondary mirror (22).

3. The novel astronomical telescope based on the common-phase technology according to claim 1, wherein a second adjusting mechanism is arranged in the casing (1), and the second adjusting mechanism can independently adjust the angle and distance between each folding axis mirror (4) and the optical path compensation component (3).

4. The novel astronomical telescope based on the common-phase technology according to claim 1, wherein the number of the primary mirrors (2) is three, so as to form a Golay3 telescope structure, the distance from the central point of the three primary mirrors (2) to the aperture center of the corresponding secondary mirror (21) is 1.6r, the filling factor is 0.44, and the number of the secondary mirrors (22), the optical path compensation assembly (3) and the folding axis mirror (4) is three.

5. The novel astronomical telescope based on the common phase technology according to claim 4, wherein the casing (1) is fixedly connected with a fixing rod which is located at the same central axis and located between the three primary mirrors (2), the fixing rod is fixedly connected with an adjusting base which is in a triangular pyramid structure at one end far away from the casing (1), and each folding axis mirror (4) is respectively installed on three planes of the adjusting base.

6. The novel astronomical telescope based on the common-phase technique according to claim 1, wherein said optical path compensation means (3) comprises a mirror having a plane shape with a central point located on the central axis of the optical path compensation means (3) for adjusting the optical path difference.

7. The novel astronomical telescope based on the common-phase technology according to claim 1, wherein a multi-stage telescopic sleeve located at the same central axis with the main mirror (2) is inserted into one side of the casing (1), a control device for controlling the casing (1) to extend and retract is arranged on the casing, and the imaging device (5) is arranged in the multi-stage telescopic sleeve.

8. The telescope of claim 7, wherein a plurality of compensators and correctors are disposed in the multi-stage telescope tube for aplanatic adjustment and correction of optical axis jitter.

9. The novel astronomical telescope based on the common-phase technology according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of sub-mirrors (21) and sub-mirrors (22) are all of Cassegrain type structures, and the optical path reflected by each sub-mirror (21) is equal and takes the central point of the sub-mirror (22) as the focus.

10. The new astronomical telescope based on co-phasing technology according to claim 1, wherein the imaging means (5) is a CCD camera with its lens facing the primary mirror (2).