CN215990229U - Grid-connected system of wind generating set - Google Patents

Grid-connected system of wind generating set Download PDF

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Publication number
CN215990229U
CN215990229U CN202120974146.1U CN202120974146U CN215990229U CN 215990229 U CN215990229 U CN 215990229U CN 202120974146 U CN202120974146 U CN 202120974146U CN 215990229 U CN215990229 U CN 215990229U
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phase
wind generating
grid
generating set
wind
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王红斌
黄勇
刘成柱
张猛
葛广林
韩迪
王雪薇
骆天宇
刘小龙
石江浩
袁喆
吴龙
常莹
杨连涛
杨安娜
刘京斗
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Engineering Research Institute Of China Energy Engineering Group Co ltd
Beijing Power Equipment Group Co ltd
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Engineering Research Institute Of China Energy Engineering Group Co ltd
Beijing Power Equipment Group Co ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Abstract

A wind generating set grid-connected system comprises a generating set and a DC/AC converter; the generator set comprises a generator and a power controller; the power controller comprises a three-phase rectifier, an energy storage inductor, a single-phase inverter, an isolation transformer, a single-phase rectifier and a filter capacitor; the alternating current output end of the wind driven generator is provided with a three-phase rectifier, an energy storage inductor, a single-phase inverter, an isolation transformer, a single-phase rectifier and a filter capacitor; and the non-isolated DC/AC converter is adopted to lead the outputs of the wind generating sets to be collected and connected after the direct current bus. The power controller adopts the isolation transformer to isolate input and output voltages, so that mutual influence of common-mode voltages among the wind turbine generators is avoided; the output of the wind turbine generator is collected to a direct current bus to form different voltage levels; the grid connection is realized through the non-isolated centralized DC/AC converter, the number of grid-connected inverters is reduced, a power frequency isolation transformer is not needed for isolation, and the system economy is improved.

Description

Grid-connected system of wind generating set
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the field of grid-connected control of wind generating sets, and particularly relates to a power control, networking and grid-connected technology of a wind generating set.
Background
With the increasing demand and requirement of society on energy, fossil energy causing environmental pollution is gradually eliminated, and renewable energy sources such as wind energy and photovoltaic are greatly varied on the power stage.
The existing wind power generation technology mainly comprises full-power wind power generation and double-fed wind power generation, wherein a converter with the same power as that of a wind power generator is connected between a stator of the wind power generator and a power grid in the full-power wind power generation technology, and electric power with different voltage and frequency generated by the wind power generator is rectified and inverted to be changed into electric power with the same voltage and frequency as the power grid to be input into the power grid. The full-power wind power generation can realize full isolation of the generator and a power grid, the generator is small in impact, long in service life and low in failure rate, particularly has small sensitivity to power grid fluctuation, a low-voltage ride-through function can be conveniently realized, and reactive power can be generated when the power grid fails so as to maintain the voltage of the power grid, so that the full-power wind power generation gradually becomes a new direction of wind power generation.
The existing full-power wind power generation generally utilizes the machine side part of a full-power wind power converter to realize the torque control of a wind turbine generator, and the grid side part realizes the grid-connected control. In practice, in order to avoid the influence of common-mode voltage on the wind driven generator and improve the safety performance of the system, a power frequency isolation transformer with large volume and high cost is required to be used, so that the use of full-power wind driven generation in middle and small power application places has certain limitation. If torque control is realized through the independent converter on the side of the front-stage machine, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of the wind turbine generator is further realized, and grid connection is realized through the centralized converter after multi-machine direct current is collected, the cost of the full-power wind turbine generator can be effectively reduced, and the economic applicability of the medium-and-small-power full-power wind turbine generator is improved.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Aiming at the grid connection problem of the wind generating set, the utility model provides a method for realizing the input and output isolation of the wind generating set by using an isolated converter, and realizing the grid connection by using a non-isolated centralized DC/AC converter after flexibly connecting a plurality of wind generating set outputs in series and parallel.
Technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
a grid-connected system of a wind generating set comprises the wind generating set and a non-isolated DC/AC converter, and is characterized in that:
the wind generating set comprises a single wind driven generator and a power controller;
the non-isolated DC/AC converter is arranged on a direct current bus where the outputs of the wind generating sets are collected, and is used for collecting the outputs of the wind generating sets after series/parallel connection to the direct current bus and then connecting the outputs to the grid.
The utility model further adopts the following preferred technical scheme:
the series-parallel connection mode of the plurality of wind generating sets comprises series connection, parallel connection, series-first and parallel-second connection, and series-first and parallel-second connection.
And a power controller is arranged on the output side of each wind generating set.
The power controller comprises a three-phase uncontrolled rectifier, an energy storage inductor, a single-phase full-bridge inverter, an isolation transformer, a single-phase uncontrolled rectifier and a filter capacitor;
the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier, the energy storage inductor, the single-phase full-bridge inverter, the isolation transformer, the single-phase uncontrolled rectifier and the filter capacitor are sequentially arranged on the output side of the wind driven generator.
The three-phase uncontrolled rectifying input end is connected with the alternating current output end of the wind generating set;
the output end of the three-phase uncontrolled rectification is connected with the input end of the single-phase full-bridge inverter through the energy storage inductor;
the output end of the single-phase full-bridge inverter is connected with the primary side of the isolation transformer;
the input end of the single-phase uncontrolled rectifier is connected with the secondary side of the isolation transformer;
the single-phase uncontrolled rectifying output end is converged to the direct current bus after passing through the filter capacitor.
The energy storage inductor is connected between the common cathode group of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier and the common emitter group of the single-phase full-bridge inverter.
The filter capacitor is connected between the common cathode group and the common anode group of the single-phase uncontrolled rectifier.
The beneficial effects of this patent
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages:
1) each wind turbine can simultaneously realize input and output isolation, voltage transformation and MPPT functions by using an isolated DC/DC converter;
2) the output of the wind generation sets can be flexibly connected in series and parallel and then collected to the direct current bus, so that the problems of mismatching of common mode voltage and voltage grade and the like among the wind generation sets can be avoided, and different voltage grades can be conveniently formed;
3) after direct current is collected, grid connection can be achieved through the non-isolated centralized DC/AC converter, the number and cost of grid-connected inverters are reduced, a power frequency isolation transformer is avoided, and system economy is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of a grid-connected system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power controller of a single wind turbine generator according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the utility model provides a grid-connected system of a wind generating set, which comprises a plurality of fans, respective power controllers 10 thereof and a non-isolated DC/AC converter 12.
A power controller 10 is provided on the output side of each wind turbine generator system.
Specifically, the power controller 10 includes a three-phase uncontrolled rectifier 1, an energy storage inductor 2, a single-phase full-bridge inverter 3, an isolation transformer 4, a single-phase uncontrolled rectifier 5, and a filter capacitor 6.
The alternating current output end of the wind driven generator is connected with the three-phase uncontrolled rectification input end; the output end of the three-phase uncontrolled rectification is connected with the input end of a single-phase full-bridge inverter 3 through an energy storage inductor 2; the output end of the single-phase full-bridge inverter 3 is used as the primary side of a high-frequency boosting isolation transformer 4; the secondary side of the high-frequency boosting isolation transformer 4 is connected with the single-phase uncontrolled rectifying input end; the single-phase uncontrolled rectifying output end is converged to a direct current bus 11 after passing through a filter capacitor 6.
The alternating current output of the wind driven generator is changed into single-phase direct current output through the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier 1. The three-phase uncontrolled rectifier 1 comprises three groups of bridge arms consisting of six uncontrolled diodes, and a first diode D of each upper bridge arm1A third diode D3A fifth diode D5Are connected together to form a common cathode group of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier 1, and each lower bridge arm is provided with a second diode D2A fourth diode D4A sixth diode D6The anodes of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier 1 are connected together to form a common anode group of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier. And three phases of the wind driven generator A, B, C are respectively connected to the middle of the three groups of bridge arms. Phase A output and a first diode D1And a fourth diode D4Cathode connected to the output of the first diode, B phase output connected to the third diode D3And a sixth diode D6Cathode is connected with C phase and fifth diode D5Of yang (Yang)Pole and second diode D2The cathodes are connected. Due to the unidirectional conductivity of the diodes and the characteristics of three-phase alternating current, the tube on the phase with the largest instantaneous value of the three-phase voltage is naturally conducted, and the tube on the phase with the smallest instantaneous value of the three-phase voltage is naturally conducted. Three-phase rectification is realized by sequentially conducting six uncontrolled diodes, and finally, the maximum value of the pulsating three-phase line voltage is output. The diode action sequence is given as follows:
1) the first diode D has the largest instantaneous value of A phase voltage and the smallest instantaneous value of C phase voltage1And a second diode D2Conducting, cutting off the rest diodes, and outputting line voltage VAC；
2) When the instantaneous value of the phase-B voltage is maximum and the instantaneous value of the phase-C voltage is minimum, the second diode D2And a third diode D3Conducting, cutting off the rest diodes, and outputting line voltage VBC；
3) The instantaneous value of the phase-B voltage is maximum, and when the instantaneous value of the phase-A voltage is minimum, the third diode D3And a fourth diode D4Conducting, cutting off the rest diodes, and outputting line voltage VBA；
4) The instantaneous value of the phase-C voltage is the largest, and when the instantaneous value of the phase-A voltage is the smallest, the fourth diode D4And a fifth diode D5Conducting, cutting off the rest diodes, and outputting line voltage VCA；
5) The fifth diode D is used for the C phase voltage with the largest instantaneous value and the B phase voltage with the smallest instantaneous value5And a sixth diode D6Conducting, cutting off the rest diodes, and outputting line voltage VCB；
6) The first diode D is used for the phase A voltage with the largest instantaneous value and the phase B voltage with the smallest instantaneous value1And a sixth diode D6Conducting, cutting off the rest diodes, and outputting line voltage VAB。
The output end of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier 1 is connected with the single-phase full-bridge inverter 3 after passing through the energy storage inductor 2, and specifically, the energy storage inductor 2 is connected between the common cathode group of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier 1 and the common emitter group of the single-phase full-bridge inverter 3. The single-phase full-bridge inverter 3 comprises two groups of bridge arms formed by four switching tubes, and a third switch S of the switching tube of each lower bridge arm3And a fourth switch S4The cathodes of the two are connected together to form a common emitter group of a single-phase full-bridge inverter 3, and each upper bridge arm switching tube is provided with a first switch S1A second switch S2Are connected together to form a common collector group of the single-phase full-bridge inverter 3. The direct current inversion is realized by controlling 3 four switching tubes of the single-phase full-bridge inverter. A typical switching tube actuation sequence is given below:
the single-phase full-bridge inverter 3 operates in the following three modes: the first mode is as follows: all switches are conducted, the output of the wind driven generator is rectified by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier 1 and then is connected with the energy storage inductor 2 in series, the energy storage inductor 2 is charged, the current is increased, the secondary side output voltage of the high-frequency boosting isolation transformer 4 of the wind turbine generator is zero, and the output power is zero.
Mode two: first switch S1And a third switch S3On, the second switch S2And a third switch S4And (3) switching off, wherein the output of the wind driven generator is rectified and then is connected with the energy storage inductor 2 and the primary side of the high-frequency boosting isolation transformer 4 in series, the energy storage inductor 2 discharges electricity, the current is reduced, the secondary side output voltage of the high-frequency boosting isolation transformer 4 is the voltage of the filter capacitor 6, and the output power is nonzero.
Mode three: a second switch S2And a fourth switch S4On, the first switch S1And a third switch S3And (3) switching off, wherein the output of the wind driven generator is rectified and then is connected with the energy storage inductor 2 and the primary side of the high-frequency boosting isolation transformer 4 in series, the energy storage inductor 2 discharges electricity, the current is reduced, the secondary side output voltage of the high-frequency boosting isolation transformer 4 is the reverse voltage of the filter capacitor 6, and the output power is nonzero.
The cycle working mode switching sequence of the single-phase full-bridge inverter is as follows: the first mode, the second mode, the first mode and the third mode, thereby realizing the inversion function.
Each wind turbine generator adopts a high-frequency boosting isolation transformer 4 to realize high-frequency transmission, boosting, input and output isolation. The secondary side of the high-frequency boosting isolation transformer 4 is connected with a single-phase uncontrolled rectifier 5 to realize rectification output.
The primary side of the high-frequency boosting transformer is respectively led out from the middle of two groups of bridge arms of the single-phase full-bridge inverter, and the secondary side of the high-frequency boosting transformer is connected with the input end of the single-phase uncontrolled rectifier 5.
The single-phase uncontrolled rectifier 5 comprises two groups of bridge arms consisting of four uncontrolled diodes, and a seventh diode D of each upper bridge arm7An eighth diode D8The cathodes of the two single-phase uncontrolled rectifiers 5 are connected together to form a common cathode group of the single-phase uncontrolled rectifier 5; ninth diode D of each lower bridge arm9Tenth D10Are connected together to form a common anode group of the single-phase uncontrolled rectifier 5. The diode action sequence is given as follows:
when the high-frequency alternating current positive half cycle is in, the seventh diode D7 and the eighth diode D8 are conducted, the ninth diode D9 and the twelfth diode D10 are cut off, and the high-frequency alternating current positive half cycle is output;
when the high-frequency alternating current negative half cycle is in, the ninth diode D9 and the tenth diode D10 are conducted, the seventh diode D7 and the eighth diode D8 are cut off, and the high-frequency alternating current negative half cycle is reversed.
The non-isolated DC/AC converter 12 is arranged on a direct current bus 11 for collecting the output of the plurality of wind generating sets, and is used for collecting the output of the plurality of wind generating sets after series/parallel connection to the direct current bus 11 and then connecting the grid. The series-parallel connection mode of the plurality of wind generating sets comprises series connection, parallel connection, series-first and parallel-second connection, and series-first and parallel-second connection. Moreover, the non-isolated DC/AC converter 12 can use a conventional DC/AC converter to meet the requirement.
The grid-connected system collects the instantaneous voltage u of the output side of the single-phase uncontrolled rectifier 5oInstantaneous current ioInstantaneous current i of the energy storage inductor 2LAnd the current wind speed for power control.
Specifically, first, the wind speed v is collected at predetermined intervalswinInstantaneous voltage u at the output of the single-phase uncontrolled rectifier 5oInstantaneous current ioInstantaneous current i of the energy storage inductor 2LAnd the voltage V at the output side of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier 1in。
Secondly, based on the wind speed v collectedwinAnd the voltage V at the output side of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier 1inCalculating the initial value i of the current reference value of the energy storage inductor 2L-ref。
Specifically, the initial value of the current reference value of the energy storage inductor 2 is calculated by the following formula:
Figure DEST_PATH_GDA0003446063890000051
wherein iL-refRepresenting the initial value of the current reference, P, of the energy storage inductor 2wWind speed v acquired on a lookup table representing the power curve of the generatorwinThe lower corresponding power value. It should be noted that, in step 3, only the initial value of the current reference value of the energy storage inductor 2 needs to be calculated.
Instantaneous voltage u based on output side of single-phase uncontrolled rectifier 5oInstantaneous current ioCalculating its instantaneous power Po。
Then, the instantaneous power P at the k-th acquisition moment is comparedo(k) And the instantaneous power P at the k-1 acquisition instanto(k-1) calculating the current reference value of the energy storage inductor 2 at the k acquisition moment based on the comparison result.
Specifically, a disturbance Δ i is added to the energy storage inductor 2, and the instantaneous power P after the disturbance is added is calculatedo(k) In that respect Wherein the disturbance is sufficiently small. Will increase the instantaneous power P after disturbanceo(k) Instantaneous power P from previous acquisition timeo(k-1) comparing; if Po(k)≥Po(k-1), and enabling the current reference value i at the k acquisition momentL-ref(k)＝iL-ref(k-1) - Δ i, if Po(k)<Po(k-1), and enabling the current reference value i at the k acquisition momentL-ref(k)＝iL-ref(k-1)+Δi。
Finally based on the current reference value iL-refActual instantaneous current i with the energy storage inductor 2LCalculating the inductance error Δ iLError of inductance Δ iLAnd comparing the signal with a triangular carrier after PI regulation amplification and amplitude limiting to determine the working mode of the single-phase uncontrolled rectifier 5.
Specifically, the inductance error Δ i if amplified and limited by PI regulationLLarger than the amplitude of the triangular carrier wave, the single-phase uncontrolled rectifier 5 works alternatelyThe second working mode and the third working mode are operated, power is supplied to the load, and the current is reduced; inductance error delta i if amplified and limited by PI regulationLAnd when the amplitude of the single-phase uncontrolled rectifier 5 is smaller than the amplitude of the triangular carrier wave, the single-phase uncontrolled rectifier 5 works in a first working mode, and the current is increased.
In the utility model, each wind turbine can simultaneously realize input and output isolation, voltage transformation and MPPT functions by using an isolated DC/DC converter; the output of the plurality of wind generation sets can be flexibly connected in series and parallel and then collected to the direct current bus 11, so that the problems that the common mode voltage and the voltage grade between the wind generation sets are not matched and the like can be avoided, and different voltage grades can be conveniently formed. After the direct current is collected, grid connection can be achieved through the non-isolated centralized DC/AC converter 12, the number and cost of grid-connected inverters are reduced, a power frequency isolation transformer is avoided, and the system economy is improved.
In the utility model, each wind turbine generator adopts a high-frequency boosting isolation transformer to realize the isolation of the input and the output of the preceding stage, so that the outputs of a plurality of wind turbine generators can be flexibly connected in series and parallel and then collected to the direct current bus 11, and the direct current bus systems with different voltage grades and power grades can be formed.
While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to the preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing examples are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the utility model.

Claims (7)

1. A wind generating set grid-connected system comprises a wind generating set and a DC/AC converter (12), and is characterized in that:
the wind generating set comprises a plurality of wind driven generators and a power controller (10);
the DC/AC converter (12) is arranged on a direct current bus (11) for collecting the output of the plurality of wind generating sets, and is used for collecting the output of the plurality of wind generating sets after series/parallel connection to the direct current bus (11) and then connecting the output to the grid.
2. The grid-connected system of the wind generating set according to claim 1, wherein:
the series-parallel connection mode of the plurality of wind generating sets comprises series connection, parallel connection, series-first and parallel-second connection, and series-first and parallel-second connection.
3. The grid-connected system of the wind generating set according to claim 1, wherein:
a power controller (10) is arranged on the output side of each wind generating set.
4. The wind generating set grid-connected system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein:
the power controller (10) comprises a three-phase uncontrolled rectifier (1), an energy storage inductor (2), a single-phase full-bridge inverter (3), an isolation transformer (4), a single-phase uncontrolled rectifier (5) and a filter capacitor (6);
the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier (1), the energy storage inductor (2), the single-phase full-bridge inverter (3), the isolation transformer, the single-phase uncontrolled rectifier (5) and the filter capacitor (6) are sequentially arranged on the output side of the wind driven generator.
5. The grid-connected system of the wind generating set according to claim 4, wherein:
the three-phase uncontrolled rectifying input end is connected with the alternating current output end of the wind generating set;
the output end of the three-phase uncontrolled rectification is connected with the input end of a single-phase full-bridge inverter (3) through an energy storage inductor (2);
the output end of the single-phase full-bridge inverter (3) is connected with the primary side of the isolation transformer (4);
the input end of the single-phase uncontrolled rectifier (5) is connected with the secondary side of the isolation transformer (4);
the single-phase uncontrolled rectifying output end is converged to a direct current bus (11) after passing through a filter capacitor (6).
6. The grid-connected system of the wind generating set according to claim 5, wherein:
the energy storage inductor (2) is connected between the common cathode group of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier (1) and the common emitter group of the single-phase full-bridge inverter (3).
7. The grid-connected system of the wind generating set according to claim 5, wherein:
the filter capacitor (6) is connected between the common cathode group and the common anode group of the single-phase uncontrolled rectifier (5).
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