CN215990201U - Flexible direct current system based on novel resistance type high-temperature superconducting current limiter - Google Patents
Flexible direct current system based on novel resistance type high-temperature superconducting current limiter Download PDFInfo
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- CN215990201U CN215990201U CN202121352653.8U CN202121352653U CN215990201U CN 215990201 U CN215990201 U CN 215990201U CN 202121352653 U CN202121352653 U CN 202121352653U CN 215990201 U CN215990201 U CN 215990201U
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- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021521 yttrium barium copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005520 electrodynamics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a flexible direct current system based on a novel resistance type high-temperature superconducting current limiter, which comprises the following components: the system comprises a first power grid (1), a second power grid (2), a step-up transformer (3), a step-down transformer (4), a first converter station (5), a second converter station (6), high-voltage buses (71, 72, 73 and 74), resistive direct-current high-temperature superconducting current limiters (81 and 82) and a direct-current line (9). A novel high-temperature superconducting current limiter (81) is additionally arranged between the first power grid (1) and the high-voltage bus (71); a resistance type direct-current high-temperature superconducting current limiter (82) is additionally arranged between a second power grid (2) and a high-voltage bus (74), and the resistance type direct-current high-temperature superconducting current limiter (81, 82) comprises: the system comprises a superconducting current limiting unit, a low-temperature container, a low-temperature refrigerating system, a high-pressure wire outlet unit and an online monitoring system. The application of the system can greatly improve the stability and reliability of the power transmission and distribution system, improve the power transmission capacity and flexibility and greatly reduce the cost of upgrading and transforming the system.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model is applied to the high-temperature superconducting current limiter of the direct-current transmission system, and particularly applies the novel resistance type high-temperature superconducting current limiter to the flexible direct-current transmission system.
Background
High-Voltage Direct Current transmission (Modular Multilevel Converter Based High Voltage Direct Current, MMC-HVDC) Based on the Modular Multilevel Converter is called as flexible Direct Current transmission technology for short.
In the beginning of the 21 st century, german scientist r marquardt references the concept of IGBT conduction in a two-level Converter, and proposes a Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) topology structure by packaging Sub-modules (SM), so that the MMC is also one of Voltage Source Converters (VSC), and the MMC-based direct-current transmission is also called flexible direct-current transmission technology.
At present, most flexible direct current transmission projects select a conventional reactor to be arranged at a direct current side outlet of a converter as a current limiting measure, the mode plays a role in limiting fault current to a certain extent, and the connection of the reactor influences the dynamic response speed of a system to a certain extent and easily causes the problems of parallel resonance and the like. The reactor needs to meet the requirements of normal operation and current limiting of the system, and the selection of parameters of the reactor is lack of flexibility, so that the application of the current limiting mode is restricted to a certain extent.
The fault current limiter adopts the technology of superconduction and the like, so that most types of fault current limiters have the characteristic that the equivalent impedance can be quickly adjusted. Therefore, the impedance is low when the system normally operates, and the normal operation of the system is not affected; the equivalent impedance is rapidly increased during the fault, the function of rapidly limiting the fault current is realized, and the current limiting method has more advantages in practical application compared with the current limiting method of directly connecting the reactors in series.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve the technical problems, the utility model applies a novel high-temperature superconducting current limiter to a flexible direct current transmission system, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
a flexible direct current system based on a novel resistance type high-temperature superconducting current limiter comprises the following components: the system comprises a first power grid 1, a second power grid 2, a step-up transformer 3, a step-down transformer 4, a first converter station 5, a second converter station 6, high- voltage buses 71, 72, 73 and 74, resistive direct-current high-temperature superconducting current limiters 81 and 82 and a direct-current line 9. A novel high-temperature superconducting current limiter 81 is additionally arranged between the first power grid 1 and the high-voltage bus 71; a resistance type direct current high-temperature superconducting current limiter 82 is additionally arranged between the second power grid 2 and the high-voltage bus 74, and the resistance type direct current high-temperature superconducting current limiter 81 and 82 are composed of: the system comprises a superconducting current limiting unit, a low-temperature container, a low-temperature refrigerating system, a high-pressure wire outlet unit and an online monitoring system.
The superconducting current-limiting unit is composed of two subunits, and the subunits can be connected in series or in parallel.
Each subunit of the two subunits comprises 12 series modules, each module comprises 4 or 5 parallel coils, and each coil is formed by noninductive winding of a YBCO strip with the length of 150 m.
The low-temperature container is of a double-layer heat insulation structure: the inner layer is a liquid nitrogen cavity and provides a low-temperature operation space for the superconducting current limiting unit; the outer layer is to maintain the inner layer in thermal isolation from the environment and to provide a support and mounting interface for the flow restrictor system accessories.
The low-temperature refrigeration system consists of a liquid nitrogen storage tank, a low-temperature pipeline, a low-temperature valve, a refrigerator, a liquid nitrogen pump and a cooling water circulator.
The utility model has the technical effects that: when the power system is in short-circuit fault, the large impedance is automatically presented to limit the short-circuit current to a lower level, and the influence on the normal work of the system is greatly reduced, so that the power system has an ideal current limiting effect; the current limiting protection device integrates the functions of detection, triggering, current limiting and automatic recovery, and automatically completes the whole current limiting protection process; when the line fault is cleared, the system can automatically recover to prepare for limiting the short-circuit current again; the application of the system can greatly improve the stability and reliability of a power transmission and distribution system, improve the power transmission capacity and flexibility and greatly reduce the cost of upgrading and transforming the system; these advantages are inherent properties of high temperature superconducting materials, generally without the need for additional auxiliary devices; the current limiting degree can be adjusted through the structural design parameters of the high-temperature superconducting current limiter, and the large-scale protection and controllability are realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flexible dc power transmission system.
Fig. 2 is a structural view of a superconducting dc current limiter.
Fig. 3 is a structural view of a cryogenic container.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a current limiting unit.
In the figure: the system comprises a first power grid 1, a second power grid 2, a step-up transformer 3, a step-down transformer 4, a first converter station 5, a second converter station 6, high- voltage buses 71, 72, 73 and 74, novel high-temperature superconducting current limiters 81 and 82 and a direct-current line 9.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
1. General scheme
1) A flexible direct current system based on a novel resistance type high-temperature superconducting current limiter comprises the following components: the system comprises a first power grid 1, a second power grid 2, a step-up transformer 3, a step-down transformer 4, a first converter station 5, a second converter station 6, high- voltage buses 71, 72, 73 and 74, resistive direct-current high-temperature superconducting current limiters 81 and 82 and a direct-current line 9. A novel high-temperature superconducting current limiter 81 is additionally arranged between the first power grid 1 and the high-voltage bus 71; a resistance type direct current high-temperature superconducting current limiter 82 is additionally arranged between the second power grid 2 and the high-voltage bus 74, and the resistance type direct current high-temperature superconducting current limiter 81 and 82 are composed of: the system comprises a superconducting current limiting unit, a low-temperature container, a low-temperature refrigerating system, a high-pressure wire outlet unit and an online monitoring system. As shown in fig. 1 and 2.
2) The superconducting current-limiting unit is composed of two subunits, and the subunits can be connected in series or in parallel. As shown in fig. 4.
3) Each subunit comprises 12 series modules, each module comprises 4 or 5 parallel coils, and each coil is formed by noninductive winding of a YBCO strip 150m long.
4) The low-temperature container is of a double-layer heat insulation structure: the inner layer is a liquid nitrogen cavity and provides a low-temperature operation space for the superconducting current limiting unit; the outer layer is to maintain the inner layer in thermal isolation from the environment and to provide a support and mounting interface for the flow restrictor system accessories. As shown in fig. 3
5) The low-temperature refrigeration system consists of a liquid nitrogen storage tank, a low-temperature pipeline, a low-temperature valve, a refrigerator, a liquid nitrogen pump and a cooling water circulator.
2. Novel resistance type high-temperature superconducting current limiter
The superconducting direct current limiter mainly comprises key components such as a superconducting current limiting unit, a low-temperature container, a low-temperature refrigeration system, a high-voltage outlet unit, an online monitoring system and the like, and an effect diagram of the superconducting direct current limiter is shown in fig. 2. And the AB section and the CB section are connected in parallel for operation when the net is hung, the whole room temperature resistance of the current limiter is 12 omega, and the critical current is 2 KA.
According to the overall design scheme of the superconducting direct current limiter, liquid nitrogen is filled in the low-temperature container to provide a low-temperature working environment for the superconducting current limiting unit and provide electrical and low-temperature medium interfaces of superconducting direct current limiter components such as a high-voltage outgoing line unit, a low-temperature refrigeration system, control monitoring signals and the like. The low-temperature container is of a double-layer heat insulation structure: the inner layer is a liquid nitrogen cavity and provides a low-temperature operation space for the superconducting current limiting unit; the outer layer is to maintain the inner layer in thermal isolation from the environment and to provide a support and mounting interface for the flow restrictor system accessories.
When the superconducting direct current limiter system normally operates, various heat losses exist, such as heat leakage of a low-temperature container, heat leakage of a high-voltage outlet unit, heat leakage of a valve, joule heat of a joint of a current limiting unit and the like. These heat losses will vaporize the liquid nitrogen inside the cryogenic vessel and if no measures are taken, the system will need to be replenished with liquid nitrogen frequently and will not operate continuously. Therefore, the low-temperature refrigerating machine is adopted to reliquefy and recycle the nitrogen generated during the static operation of the system, and the time interval for supplementing the liquid nitrogen by the system is increased.
The current lead is an interface between the superconducting current limiting unit and an external power grid, spans from a room temperature region to a liquid nitrogen temperature region, has large electric field gradient, and is a key part for heat leakage and overall insulation of a system.
The low-temperature monitoring system is responsible for collecting non-electric quantity signals such as the pressure, the liquid level and the temperature of the current limiter body and the pressure and the liquid level of the liquid nitrogen storage tank and carrying out logic judgment according to alarm and fault criteria.
Meanwhile, according to the operation state of the current limiter, the low-temperature monitoring system automatically realizes the liquefaction circulation and the liquid nitrogen supplement operation of the nitrogen. The low-temperature monitoring system also needs to send non-electric quantity signals of the current limiter and the liquid nitrogen storage tank to the direct-current protection system through an FT3 optical interface; sending the alarm and fault judgment results to a direct current protection system through a switching value; and sending the non-electric quantity signal and the logic judgment result to the station control room through a protocol and a protocol converter.
3. Converter station
The converter station is a station established in a high-voltage direct-current transmission system for converting alternating current into direct current or converting direct current into alternating current and meeting the requirements of a power system on safety, stability and power quality.
The main equipment or facilities that should be included in the converter station are: the system comprises a converter valve, a converter transformer, a smoothing reactor, an alternating current switch device, an alternating current filter, an alternating current reactive power compensation device, a direct current switch device, a direct current filter, a control and protection device, an external grounding pole, a remote communication system and the like.
The control regulation and protection system of the converter station fulfils the following functions: stopping and sending direct current power, controlling the direction of power flow, adjusting the quantity of the flow and other electrical parameters, processing and limiting the influence caused by abnormal operation of a converter valve and interference of an alternating current system and a direct current system, protecting equipment of a converter station, and monitoring various parameters of the converter station. The operation performance and the safety and reliability of the converter station and the direct current transmission system are closely related to the performance and the reliability of the control and regulation system, and the operation of the whole power system is also influenced. Therefore, the control regulation and protection system of the converter station is an intelligent part of the converter station, and the development trend of the control regulation and protection system of the converter station adopts microcomputer technology.
4. Three-winding step-up (step-down) transformer
Three-winding transformers have 3 windings per phase, and when 1 winding is connected to an alternating current power supply, the other 2 windings induce different potentials, and the transformer is used for loads requiring 2 different voltage levels. Three-winding transformers are widely used in power systems because 3 different levels of voltage are typically present in power plants and substations. The high, medium and low voltage windings of each phase are all sleeved on the same core limb. For proper insulation use, the high voltage winding is usually placed on the outermost layer and the medium and low voltage windings on the inner layer.
The rated capacity refers to the capacity of the winding with the largest capacity, and the percentage of the capacity is generally 100/100/50, 100/50/100 and 100/100/100 in three forms of high, medium and low voltage windings. The most common in power systems is a three-winding transformer. Compared with two common transformers, the three-winding transformer is economical, occupies less land and is more convenient to maintain and manage. Three-phase three-winding transformers usually adopt Y-Y-delta connection, namely, the primary winding and the secondary winding are both Y-connected, and the third winding is connected into delta. The delta connection is a closed loop, and allows the same-phase third harmonic current to pass, so that the Y connection does not generate third harmonic voltage in the primary winding and the secondary winding. Thus, it can provide a neutral point for both the primary and secondary sides. In a long-distance power transmission system, the third winding can also be connected with a synchronous phase modulator to improve the power factor of the line.
When a substation needs to connect several levels of power systems of different voltages, a three-winding transformer is usually used. The three-winding transformer has three windings of high voltage, medium voltage and low voltage, the three windings of each phase are sleeved on a core limb, and the high voltage winding is usually arranged on the outermost layer for the convenience of insulation. The low-voltage winding of the step-up transformer is arranged between the high-voltage winding and the medium-voltage winding, so that the leakage magnetic field is uniformly distributed, the leakage reactance is reasonably distributed, and the increase of leakage magnetic flux and the increase of additional loss caused by too far distance between the low-voltage winding and the high-voltage winding are avoided, thereby ensuring better voltage regulation rate and running performance. Step-down transformers place the medium voltage winding between the high and low voltage windings primarily for insulation. According to the characteristics of voltage combination of a domestic power system, the standard connection groups of the three-phase three-winding transformer are numbered YN, YN0, d11, YN, YN0 and y 0.
The capacity of each winding of the three-winding power transformer is respectively regulated according to requirements. The rated capacity of the three windings is the capacity of the winding with the largest capacity, and is generally the rated capacity of the primary winding. When this is taken as 100%, 100/100/50, 100/50/100, and 100/100/100 are arranged in the capacity of the three windings. The no-load operation principle of the three-winding transformer is basically the same as that of the double-winding transformer, but three voltage ratios are provided, namely high voltage and medium voltage, high voltage and low voltage, and medium voltage and low voltage.
5. High-voltage bus
In each stage of the electric voltage distribution device, bare wires or stranded wires with rectangular or circular cross sections are mostly adopted, and the wires for connecting the engine and the transformer with various electric appliances are collectively called as buses; the bus bars function to collect, distribute and transfer electrical energy. Because the bus bar is in operation, huge electric energy passes through the bus bar, and the bus bar bears great heating and electrodynamic effect during short circuit. Therefore, the bus bar material, the cross-sectional shape and the cross-sectional area must be reasonably selected to meet the requirements of safe and economical operation.
The bus is divided into a hard bus and a soft bus according to the structure.
The hard bus (low voltage indoor and outdoor power distribution device) is further divided into a rectangular bus and a tubular bus.
The rectangular bus is generally used in a main transformer to a distribution room, and has the advantages of convenient construction and installation, small change in operation, large current-carrying capacity and higher manufacturing cost.
Claims (5)
1. A flexible direct current system based on a novel resistance type high-temperature superconducting current limiter comprises the following components: first electric wire netting (1), second electric wire netting (2), step-up transformer (3), step-down transformer (4), first converter station (5), second converter station (6), high-voltage bus (71, 72, 73, 74), resistance-type direct current high temperature superconducting current limiter (81, 82) and direct current circuit (9), its characterized in that: a resistance type direct-current high-temperature superconducting current limiter (81) is additionally arranged between the first power grid (1) and the high-voltage bus (71); a resistance type direct-current high-temperature superconducting current limiter (82) is additionally arranged between a second power grid (2) and a high-voltage bus (74), and the resistance type direct-current high-temperature superconducting current limiter (81, 82) comprises: the system comprises a superconducting current limiting unit, a low-temperature container, a low-temperature refrigerating system, a high-pressure wire outlet unit and an online monitoring system.
2. The flexible direct current system based on the novel resistive high-temperature superconducting current limiter according to claim 1, wherein: the superconducting current-limiting unit is composed of two subunits, and the subunits are connected in series or in parallel.
3. The flexible direct current system based on the novel resistive high-temperature superconducting current limiter according to claim 2, wherein: each subunit of the two subunits comprises 12 series modules, each module comprises 4 or 5 parallel coils, and each coil is formed by noninductive winding of a YBCO strip with the length of 150 m.
4. The flexible direct current system based on the novel resistive high-temperature superconducting current limiter according to claim 1, wherein: the low-temperature container is of a double-layer heat insulation structure: the inner layer is a liquid nitrogen cavity and provides a low-temperature operation space for the superconducting current limiting unit; the outer layer is to maintain the inner layer in thermal isolation from the environment and to provide a support and mounting interface for the flow restrictor system accessories.
5. The flexible direct current system based on the novel resistive high-temperature superconducting current limiter according to claim 1, wherein: the low-temperature refrigeration system consists of a liquid nitrogen storage tank, a low-temperature pipeline, a low-temperature valve, a refrigerator, a liquid nitrogen pump and a cooling water circulator.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202121352653.8U CN215990201U (en) | 2021-06-17 | 2021-06-17 | Flexible direct current system based on novel resistance type high-temperature superconducting current limiter |
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| CN202121352653.8U CN215990201U (en) | 2021-06-17 | 2021-06-17 | Flexible direct current system based on novel resistance type high-temperature superconducting current limiter |
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| CN202121352653.8U Expired - Fee Related CN215990201U (en) | 2021-06-17 | 2021-06-17 | Flexible direct current system based on novel resistance type high-temperature superconducting current limiter |
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