CN215988477U

CN215988477U - Single-excitation-source step-by-step-action excitation protection device

Info

Publication number: CN215988477U
Application number: CN202122591504.3U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 石晓光; 段少波; 王欣; 戈西斌
Original assignee: Xian Zhongrong Electric Co Ltd
Current assignee: Xian Zhongrong Electric Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-10-27
Filing date: 2021-10-27
Publication date: 2022-03-08
Anticipated expiration: 2031-10-27

Abstract

A single excitation source step-by-step action excitation protection device comprises a shell, an excitation source, an impact device and a conductor; at least two impact devices respectively positioned in different cavities are arranged in the shell, one side of each impact device is provided with an excitation source, and the impact devices and the excitation sources are respectively in sealed contact with the cavities in which the impact devices and the excitation sources are positioned; the excitation source drives the impact devices to displace simultaneously or sequentially, and at least one impact device breaks the conductor in the displacement process. The excitation protection device can be used for protecting the battery pack and the load circuit of the electric automobile or used in other power control circuits. The excitation protection device has excellent current impact resistance; the arc extinguishing capability is improved, and quick protection can be realized; the insulation performance after breaking is excellent; the adjustable range of the breaking sequence and the time difference of the plurality of fractures is wide, so that the successful breaking and the breaking capacity of the excitation protection device are improved; and the reliability of the product is improved.

Description

Single-excitation-source step-by-step-action excitation protection device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of power control and electric automobiles, in particular to an excitation protection device for current breaking by a step-by-step disconnection conductor of an excitation source.

Background

The conventional fuse protector of the battery pack of the electric vehicle has a structure for quickly cutting off a circuit, namely an excitation protection device, and gradually expands the application range, and mainly overcomes the defects of large heat productivity, high power consumption, large volume and weight, limited current impact resistance, long breaking time and uncontrolled breaking process of the conventional fuse.

The general structure of the excitation protection device is composed of a shell, an excitation source, an impact device and a conductor are sequentially arranged in the shell, and a pre-fracture is arranged on the conductor. The working principle is as follows: when the main circuit of the battery pack has fault current, an excitation source in an excitation protection device connected in series in the main circuit of the battery pack is triggered, the excitation source acts to generate high-pressure gas and pushes an impact device downwards to break a pre-fracture of a conductor to form a physical fracture on the conductor, and as the conductor of the excitation protection device is connected in series with the main circuit of the battery pack, an electric arc generated at the fracture of the conductor is gradually cooled and extinguished in the air, and the current is cut off, so that the purpose of quickly breaking the circuit is achieved.

The earliest excitation protection device comprises a single excitation source, a single impact device and a conductor provided with a pre-fracture surface, has the advantages of good current impact resistance, low power consumption, quick breaking and the like, and has the defects of low breaking capacity, insufficient arc extinguishing capacity, low breaking voltage and the like. Based on the defects of the structure, research personnel develop a single excitation source, a single impact device and a conductor provided with two pre-fractures or a plurality of pre-fractures, the sequence of the disconnection of the two pre-fractures or the plurality of pre-fractures of the conductor is regulated and controlled by arranging punches with different heights on the impact device, and the problems of low breaking capacity, insufficient arc extinguishing capacity and low breaking voltage of one pre-fracture are solved to a certain extent, but the following defects also exist: the sequence and the time difference of the disconnection of the plurality of pre-fracture are adjusted only through the height difference of the punch of a single impact device, so that the adjustable parameters are few, and the adjustable range is small; when the impact device moves, the punches at different heights of the impact device break the pre-fracture surfaces successively, so that the impact device is uneven in overall stress and easy to break, and breaking is affected.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects, the invention designs the excitation protection device with single excitation source to act step by step, and the excitation protection device cuts off the conductor and breaks the circuit through one excitation source and drives at least two independent impact devices simultaneously or according to the time sequence. On the basis of the above, the melt can be connected in parallel on the conductor, and the conductor and the melt are sequentially disconnected by the impact device, or the conductor is disconnected by one impact device, and the melt is disconnected by one impact device.

In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is an excitation protection device with a single excitation source acting step by step, which comprises a shell, an excitation source, an impact device and a conductor, wherein the shell is provided with a plurality of excitation sources; at least two impact devices respectively positioned in different cavities are arranged in the shell, one side of each impact device is provided with an excitation source, and the impact devices and the excitation sources are respectively in sealed contact with the cavities in which the impact devices and the excitation sources are positioned; the excitation source drives the impact devices to displace simultaneously or sequentially, and at least one impact device breaks the conductor in the displacement process.

Preferably, at least one melt is connected in parallel to the conductor.

Preferably, at least one of the impacting devices breaks the conductor, at least one of the impacting devices breaks the melt or breaks the conductor and the melt in sequence.

Preferably, the melt is provided with a fusing weakness and a breaking weakness, the breaking weakness being located at the point of breaking by the impacting device.

Preferably, a pushing block is arranged in a cavity of the weak melt breaking part close to the impact device, and a limiting structure for limiting the initial position of the pushing block is arranged between the pushing block and the cavity where the pushing block is located.

Preferably, the fuse weak point is located in a closed arc-extinguishing medium-filled cavity.

Preferably, the cavity where the excitation source is located is respectively communicated with the cavity where each impact device is located, and when the excitation source acts, the impact devices can be driven to act simultaneously or sequentially; or the cavity where the excitation source is located is communicated with the cavity where one of the impact devices is located, the cavities where the impact devices are located are respectively communicated in series through the flow channels, and when the excitation source acts, the impact devices can be driven to act sequentially.

Preferably, when the cavities of the impact devices are communicated in series through the flow passage, the impact device which acts first opens the flow passage opening communicating the cavity of the impact device which acts next to the cavity of the impact device which acts first and the cavity of the impact device which acts next to the cavity of the impact device which acts first through displacement.

Preferably, one of the impact devices is centrally located and the other impact devices are spaced around the outside of the centrally located impact device.

Preferably, the impact device is arranged around the outside of the cavity in which the excitation source is located.

Preferably, the impact devices positioned at the outer sides of the centered impact devices are all of annular structures, and are sequentially sleeved at the periphery of the centered impact devices at intervals.

Preferably, the conductors are respectively provided with notches at positions of the annular structures corresponding to the conductors, and when the impact device of the annular structure displaces to break the melt, the conductors are located in the notches.

Preferably, sealing means for sealing the contact surfaces are provided between the impact means and the excitation source and the contact surfaces of the cavity in which they are located, respectively.

Preferably, the shell further comprises a melt shell arranged at the bottom of the shell, the melt penetrates through the melt shell, and two ends of the melt penetrate through the melt shell and then are connected with the conductor in parallel; and a cavity for the impact device to break the melt is formed in the melt shell.

Preferably, an indicating device in sealing contact with the shell is arranged on the shell, and a limiting mechanism is arranged between the indicating device and the shell; the indicating device is communicated with a cavity where one of the impact devices which act simultaneously is located through a flow passage, or is communicated with a cavity where the last impact device which acts in sequence is located through a flow passage; the flow passage of the indicating device meets the following opening position in the cavity of the impact device: when all the impact devices finish the action, the indicating device overcomes the displacement of the limiting mechanism under the action of the driving force generated by the excitation source, and one end of the indicating device extends out of the shell.

Preferably, the excitation source is an electronic ignition device or a hydraulic device which can receive an excitation signal for action; the electronic ignition device releases high-pressure gas, and the hydraulic device releases insulating high-pressure liquid.

Compared with the existing excitation protection device, the excitation protection device has the following advantages:

the impact devices are arranged and move step by step in order, so that mutual influence is avoided, the stress of the impact devices is uniform, and the reliability is higher.

The high-pressure gas generated by the excitation source is reasonably distributed to enable the plurality of impact devices to orderly act step by step, so that the energy of the high-pressure gas can be effectively utilized to the maximum extent, the possibility that gunpowder gas leaks to other chambers or the outside is reduced, and adverse effects caused by leakage are avoided.

The action sequence and the time difference of each impact device can be adjusted by adjusting a plurality of parameters such as the relative height position of the air guide hole, the sectional area of a cavity of the impact device, the motion stroke of the impact device and the like, the number of parameters can be adjusted, and the adjustment range of the time difference can be widened by adjusting the plurality of parameters.

The excitation protection device has excellent current impact resistance; the arc extinguishing capability is improved, and quick protection can be realized; the insulation performance after breaking is excellent; the adjustable range of the breaking sequence and the time difference of the plurality of fractures is wide, so that the successful breaking and the breaking capacity of the excitation protection device are improved; and the reliability of the product is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of the excitation protector in the initial position according to example 1.

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the excitation protection device in the initial position of example 1, which is perpendicular to the cross-sectional view of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view of the excitation and protection device of the embodiment 1 after the first percussion device is actuated.

Fig. 4 is a schematic sectional view of the excitation and protection device of embodiment 1, which is perpendicular to the sectional view of fig. 3 after the first percussion device is actuated.

Fig. 5 is a schematic sectional view showing the excitation protection device according to embodiment 1, after both the first and second impact devices are operated.

Fig. 6 is a schematic sectional view showing the excitation protection device of embodiment 1 after both the first and second impact devices are actuated, which is perpendicular to the sectional view of fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the second impact device in embodiment 1 and fig. 1 to 6.

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the conductor and the melt in embodiment 1, fig. 1 to fig. 6.

FIG. 9 is a schematic sectional view showing the excitation protector in the initial position according to example 2.

Fig. 10 is a schematic sectional view showing the excitation protector according to embodiment 2 after the first impact device is actuated.

Fig. 11 is a schematic sectional view showing the excitation protector according to embodiment 2 after the second impact device is actuated.

FIG. 12 is a schematic sectional view showing the excitation protector in the initial position according to example 3.

Fig. 13 is a schematic sectional view showing the excitation and protection device according to embodiment 3 after the first impact device is actuated.

Fig. 14 is a schematic sectional view showing the excitation and protection device according to embodiment 3 after the second percussion device is actuated.

FIG. 15 is a schematic sectional view showing the excitation protector in the initial position according to example 4.

Fig. 16 is a schematic sectional view showing the excitation and protection device according to embodiment 4 after the first impact device is actuated.

Fig. 17 is a schematic sectional view showing the excitation protector according to embodiment 4 after the second impact device is actuated.

Fig. 18 is a schematic view of the conductor structure of embodiments 2 to 4.

FIG. 19 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 5 in a normal state.

FIG. 20 is a schematic configuration diagram of example 5 after the completion of the operation.

Detailed Description

The above technical solutions are specifically described with reference to the drawings by way of example in the preferred embodiments. The structural position relations mentioned in the present invention, such as up, down, left, right, forward, backward, etc., do not limit the present invention.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1-6, the housing, in this embodiment, includes an upper housing 102 and a lower housing 106 that interfaces therewith. A seal is maintained between the contacting surfaces of the upper and lower housings 106. The upper shell and the lower shell are made of insulating materials and can be wholly or partially formed by injection molding. When the excitation protection device is used, the two ends of the conductor can be connected in series into an external circuit to protect the excitation protection device. A plurality of cavities which run through the contact surfaces of the upper and lower shells are respectively arranged in the upper and lower shells. The conductor 105 is a strip plate structure, the two side edges of the conductor are provided with limit lugs 105a, and the limit lugs are clamped in limit grooves formed in the corresponding positions on the lower shell to position the conductor.

The upper shell 102 is a hollow shell, two cavities are arranged inside the hollow shell, the first cavity 102b is located in the middle position inside the upper shell, the second cavity is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the first cavity at intervals, the second cavity 102c is of an annular structure, a gas flow channel is arranged between the first cavity and the second cavity, and the first cavity and the second cavity are respectively communicated with the cavity of the lower shell. The conductor is inserted into the first cavity 102 b.

A cavity for accommodating the excitation source 101 is formed at the top of the upper housing corresponding to the first cavity 102b, and the first cavity is completely communicated with the cavity for accommodating the excitation source. The excitation source 101 may be fixed to the upper case by an insert molding method, or the excitation source 101 may be mounted by providing a stepped hole in the cavity, and the excitation source may be fixed by providing a pressing plate or a pressing cover (not shown) on the upper case. The excitation source is in sealing contact with the cavity in which it is located. The excitation source can receive an excitation signal from the outside to act, and generates a driving force for driving the first impact device to move. In this embodiment, the excitation source is an electronic ignition device, and may ignite according to the received excitation signal, and the chemicals therein react to instantaneously release a large amount of high-pressure gas as the driving force.

The first impact device 103 is arranged in the first cavity 102b, the top of the first impact device 103 is provided with an annular limiting convex rib 103a, and the limiting convex rib is clamped on the top of the first cavity 102b and is in contact with the inner wall of the top of the upper shell to form a limiting structure for limiting the initial position of the first impact device. The initial position of the first impact device can be limited by arranging a groove on the wall of the cavity and arranging a bump on the first impact device, so that the bump is embedded into a limiting structure in the groove. The top of the first impact device 103 is in sealing contact with the top of the upper shell, and can block the gas flow passage between the first cavity 102b and the second cavity 102c in the initial state, so that the first cavity 102b and the second cavity 102c are separated and not communicated; when the first impact device overcomes the limit of the limit convex rib and moves towards the conductor, the gas flow channel is exposed when the first impact device is in sealing contact with the top of the upper shell and is in non-sealing contact with the top of the upper shell, and the first cavity is communicated with the second cavity. A groove 103a is formed in the upper end face of the first impact device, and the excitation source is located in the area where the groove 103a is located, so that the high-pressure gas released by the excitation source is guaranteed to act on the first impact device firstly.

The opposite side walls of the first cavity 102b are provided with limiting sliding grooves which penetrate through the contact surfaces of the upper shell and the lower shell, and sliding blocks are arranged at the positions of the first impact device opposite to the limiting sliding grooves. The slider of first impact device forms guider in embedding spacing spout, guarantees first impact device along spacing spout linear displacement under the drive power effect, prevents its rotation. The first impact device is in sealing contact with the first cavity, so that high-pressure gas is prevented from leaking from the gap, reverse force is caused to block the first impact device to move or the pressure of the high-pressure gas is reduced, and the movement of the second impact device is influenced.

The impact end of the first impacting device can be of a blade-shaped structure or a pointed structure, for example, a conical contraction section structure or other structures which are beneficial to improving the unit area acting force.

The conductor 105 is a strip-shaped structure, and referring to fig. 8, at least one breaking weak point 105b for reducing the strength of the conductor structure is formed on the conductor 105. The breaking weak point can be a groove formed on the surface of the conductor, such as a V-shaped groove in FIGS. 1 and 3, a U-shaped groove or a groove with other structures; the plurality of through holes may be formed at intervals in the width direction of the conductor, so long as the strength of the conductor structure can be reduced, which is advantageous for the disconnection of the impact device. Weak department 105c of bending has been seted up at weak department 105b both sides interval certain distance of breaking, and when first percussion device impacted the weak department of conductor disconnection, the conductor breaks off from the weak department of disconnection, then after the disconnection then under the effect of first percussion device, bends along the weak department of bending, makes the conductor bending part after the disconnection be located the both sides of first percussion device respectively.

The second impact device 104 is sleeved in the second cavity 102c, and the second impact device is in sealing contact with the second cavity. Referring to fig. 7, in the present embodiment, the second impacting device 104 is a circular ring structure, and notches 104a penetrating through the impacting end of the second impacting device are respectively formed on two opposite sides of the circular ring structure. When the second impacting device is displaced to penetrate through the conductor, the conductor is located at the notch of the second impacting device, so that the displacement of the second impacting device cannot cause any influence on the conductor. A plurality of notches 104b are spaced apart at the end of the second impacting device adjacent the source of excitation. After the excitation source acts to drive the first impact device to act, the first cavity is communicated with the second cavity along with the displacement of the first impact device, and high-pressure gas generated by the excitation source can enter the second cavity to drive the second impact device to displace. The second impingement unit may also be a ring structure of other shapes, such as oval, square, etc.

A melt 107 is connected in parallel below the conductor, and the melt 107 is mounted in the lower housing by a bottom cover 108. And a supporting structure for supporting the melt is arranged on the bottom cover. Referring to fig. 8, the melt 107 is in a spatial geometry, which is a fold formation. The two ends of the melt are respectively connected with the parts outside the bending weak points of the conductor 105, namely the two ends of the melt are positioned on the two sides of the fracture after the conductor is broken. A plurality of fusion weaknesses and breaking weaknesses are arranged on the melt, and in the example, the fusion weaknesses are narrow necks. As shown in fig. 4, the body portion of the melt 107 is disposed perpendicularly across the conductor 105 such that the length of the melt is transverse to the conductor and the ends of the melt are disposed outwardly of the width of the conductor, so that the second impacting device is positioned to break the melt without affecting the conductor. In order to realize the conductive connection of the melt and the conductor, the two ends of the melt connected with the conductor are respectively provided with a bending structure, so that the parallel connection of the melt and the conductor is realized. The connection mode of the melt and the conductor can adopt the modes of bolt compression joint, conductive elastic sheet connection, welding and the like. And a cavity communicated with the second cavity is formed in the lower shell, so that the second impact device can move to the melt to break the melt. The two sides of the part of the melt impacted by the second impacting device are supported by the lower shell, so that the second impacting device can break the melt. A sealing cover 106a is arranged between the melt and the conductor, the sealing cover 106a is of a bowl-shaped structure, the space where the melt is located is sealed through the sealing cover, and a cavity for the conductor to be disconnected, the disconnected part to slide down and the first impact device to move is formed in the lower shell below the conductor through the sealing cover. And arc extinguishing medium is filled in the cavity where the melt is located, and the arc extinguishing medium is arc extinguishing sand or arc extinguishing gel.

The working principle is as follows: under the condition of zero current breaking or low-multiple fault current, an excitation source is triggered by an electric signal to generate high-pressure gas, the high-pressure gas drives a first impact device to displace firstly, the first impact device is pushed to break a conductor to break a weak part to form a fracture, arc holding current at the fracture is completely transferred to a melt which is connected with two ends of the weak part in parallel, and due to the fact that the fault current is small, heat generated at the melt narrow diameter is not enough to fuse the narrow diameter to extinguish electric arcs; in the process of movement of the first impact device, the first cavity is gradually communicated with the second cavity, the amount of high-pressure gas entering the second cavity is gradually increased, the high-pressure gas is filled between the notch at the upper end of the second impact device and the top of the second cavity, and the high-pressure gas is accumulated to a certain degree, so that the second impact device is driven to downwards displace along the second cavity, a melt is cut off, an electric arc is quickly cooled and extinguished, and a circuit is disconnected;

under medium-multiple fault current, an excitation source is triggered by an electric signal to generate high-pressure gas, the high-pressure gas firstly pushes a first impact device to break a conductor to break a weak part to form a fracture, arc holding current at the fracture is completely transferred to a melt connected with two ends of the broken weak part in parallel, the melt generates heat through a melt narrow diameter part due to large fault current, the melt narrow diameter part starts to form fusing, in the fusing process, a first cavity and a second cavity are gradually communicated, the amount of the high-pressure gas entering the second cavity is gradually increased to fill a space between a notch at the upper end of the second impact device and the top of the second cavity, the amount of the high-pressure gas is accumulated to a certain degree, the second impact device is driven to downwards displace along the second cavity to cut off the melt, the fuse of the melt and a mechanical breaking fracture jointly act to extinguish an arc, and a circuit is disconnected;

under high multiple fault current, the excitation source is triggered through the electric signal and produces high-pressure gas, high-pressure gas gets into first percussion device cavity earlier, promote first percussion device and break the weak department of conductor disconnection and form the fracture, hold the arc current complete transfer of fracture department to with the fuse-element of breaking parallel connection in weak department both ends, because fault current is very big, the fuse-element narrow diameter department produces a large amount of heats and fuses rapidly, the arc extinguishing medium participates in the arc extinguishing, electric arc extinguishes very fast, in the process of first percussion device motion, first cavity and second cavity communicate gradually, high-pressure gas promotes second percussion device and cuts off the fuse-element, form clear physical fracture, guarantee to break the back insulation.

Example 2

Referring to fig. 9 to 11, the fuse element comprises an upper shell 202 and a lower shell 206 hermetically connected with the upper shell 202, and a fuse element cover plate 209 and a bottom shell 211 for containing fuse elements 210 are installed below the lower shell 206. Conductors 205 are provided through the interface between the upper and lower housings. At least three first cavities 203a, second cavities 204a and closed third cavities 201a are arranged in the housing on the conductor side. The first cavity 203a and the second cavity 204a penetrate through the contact surface of the upper shell contacted with the lower shell and are communicated with a fourth cavity 207a and a fifth cavity 208a which are arranged on the lower shell, and the conductor penetrates through the first cavity, the second cavity, the fourth cavity and the fifth cavity. A first 203 and a second 204 percussion device are arranged in the first 203a and the second 204a cavity, respectively. And certain gaps are reserved at the top ends of the first impact device and the second impact device and the top of the cavity where the first impact device and the second impact device are located, so that high-pressure gas enters and drives the impact devices to move. The first and second impact devices are in sealing contact with the cavity in which they are located, respectively, the sealing contact may be an interference fit, or sealing devices, such as sealing rings 203b, 204b, may be provided at the contact surfaces thereof. Through the sealed contact design, realize the complete separation of upper and lower cavity, can avoid high-pressure gas to the influence of fracture department insulating ability and avoid cavity fault current leading-in drive circuit down, high-pressure gas independently seals on upper portion simultaneously, can prevent that the percussion device from moving the back of target in place and kick-backing.

The first and second impact devices are shaped like a T-shaped structure, and the impact ends of the first and second impact devices are of a knife-edge structure. An excitation source 201 is arranged on the top of the third cavity 201a, and the excitation source 201 can be arranged in the upper shell through insert molding injection molding, or can be fixedly arranged in the third cavity in the form of a stepped hole or the like. The third cavity 201a is communicated with the first cavity 203a through a first air passage 201b, and the first air passage 201b is located in a gap between the top of the first impact device and the first cavity 203a, so that when the excitation source acts, the high-pressure air can drive the first impact device to act at the first time. The third cavity is not communicated with the second cavity. The third cavity 204a communicates with the first cavity 203a via a second air passage 212, the second air passage 212 is shown in dotted lines in fig. 9 to 11, and the second air passage may be one or two or more and may communicate with the second cavity from various orientations of the first cavity. The opening of the second air duct 212 at the first cavity 203a is located at a suitable position below the top of the first percussion device in its initial position, which position is such that: when the first impacting device is not displaced in place, i.e. the first impacting device does not disconnect the conductor and the melt, the high-pressure gas generated by the excitation source does not enter the second cavity through the second gas passage 212. The purpose is that the high-pressure gas firstly needs to drive the first impact device to smoothly break the conductor and the melt parallel to the conductor. The second gas passage 212 is located at the opening of the second cavity in the gap between the top of the second impingement device and the top of the second cavity to ensure that the second impingement device is actuated when high pressure gas enters the second cavity.

The initial position limitation of the first impact device and the second impact device is realized through a limiting structure arranged between the first impact device and the cavity where the first impact device and the second impact device are located. The limiting structure can be formed by arranging a groove in a cavity, arranging a lug on an impact device and realizing limiting action through the matching of the groove and the lug, or can be formed by arranging a limiting step in the cavity, arranging a limiting convex edge on the impact device and realizing the limiting action through clamping the limiting convex edge on the limiting step; or by other clamping limiting modes. The top end faces of the first impact device and the second impact device are of arc concave structures, high-pressure gas is facilitated to push the impact devices to move, and the punch at the lower end of the impact device is of a blade-shaped structure, so that the conductors can be conveniently cut off by concentrated force application.

The fourth cavity 207a and the fifth cavity 208a of the lower shell are arranged independently, the fourth cavity is in butt joint with the first cavity, and the fifth cavity is in butt joint with the second cavity, so that the first impact device and the second impact device can be moved to the cavity of the lower shell to continuously cut off the melt after the conductor is cut off. The shape of the fourth cavity and the shape of the fifth cavity are similar to the shape of the first impact device and the shape of the second impact device, namely the fourth cavity is larger than the cavity at the upper end of the fifth cavity, and when the first impact device or the second impact device displaces to break the conductor and enters the fourth cavity or the fifth cavity, the broken part of the conductor can be bent into the fourth cavity and the fifth cavity. The two sides of the impact ends of the first impact device and the second impact device are respectively in close fit with the corresponding fourth cavity and the corresponding fifth cavity, so that the impact device is convenient to consume redundant high-pressure gas impact energy, and the shell is prevented from being cracked; meanwhile, the arc can be extruded, and a certain auxiliary arc extinguishing effect is achieved.

The thickness of the conductor 205 located in the fourth cavity and the fifth cavity is reduced, then the weakened portions 205a are respectively opened at the reduced thickness portions of the conductor 205, and the weakened portions 205d are provided at one side or both sides of the weakened portions 205a, and in embodiment 2, the weakened portions are of a reduced cross-section structure. After the first impact device or the second impact device acts, the corresponding breaking weak point on the conductor can be cut off, and after the conductor is broken, the breaking point can rotate and slide along the rotating weak point. The weak breaking part is used for facilitating the impact device to cut off the conductor at a designated position, and the weak rotating part ensures that the broken conductor rotates along a preset track. The form of the weak position of disconnection and rotatory weak position can be "V" type groove, "U" type groove, reduces the structure that the intensity was reduced such as cross-section or roll opening in advance, but the structural strength of rotatory weak position need be higher than the structural strength of the weak position of disconnection, and the breakage of rotatory weak position brings adverse effect during the action. Referring to fig. 18, besides the weak breaking point, the conductor is provided with positioning holes 205b and positioning grooves 205c at two ends of the conductor in the housing, and the conductor is fixed by the cooperation of the positioning holes and the positioning grooves and the housing. Meanwhile, mistake-proofing

grooves

205e and 205f are formed in the two sides of the width of the conductor. The error-proof grooves arranged on the two sides are different in number or shape, so that the mounting error is prevented.

Vertical limiting sliding grooves are formed in at least two opposite sides of a contact surface in a cavity through which the first impact device and the second impact device move, corresponding sliding blocks are arranged on the first impact device or the second impact device, and the sliding blocks are arranged in the limiting sliding grooves, so that the first impact device and the second impact device can do linear displacement motion along the limiting sliding grooves, and the first impact device or the second impact device is prevented from rotating.

The melt 210 passes through the lower housing and is connected in parallel with the conductor. The junction of the two ends of the melt and the conductor is respectively positioned at the outer sides of the fourth cavity and the fifth cavity, so that the melt and the conductor are connected in parallel.

And a melt cover plate 209 and a bottom shell 211 are fixedly arranged at the bottom of the lower shell, the melt is sealed in the bottom shell through the melt cover plate and the bottom shell 211, and the melt is supported through the bottom shell. In order to better fix the melt, ribs 209a supporting the melt are arranged on the cover plate, and the melt outside the sixth cavity and the seventh cavity is lapped on the ribs for further fixing. The two ends of the melt penetrate through the cover plate and then are electrically connected with the conductor, and the melt penetrates through the through hole of the cover plate, and measures such as sealant or a sealing ring arranged in advance are adopted to seal a gap between the melt and the cover plate and seal the inner space of the cover plate and the bottom shell. The structure of the melt can be referred to the structure of the melt in example 1, and is in a spatial geometry. The melt passes through the sixth and

seventh cavities

211a and 211b in the bottom cover. A breaking weakness is formed in the melt in the sixth and

seventh cavities

211a, 211b, and may be in the form of a punched hole, a reduced cross-section, or the like. And a first push block 207 and a second push block 208 are respectively arranged in a sixth cavity and a seventh cavity which are positioned above the melt breaking weak point, the end surfaces of the first push block and the second push block, which are contacted with the melt, are planes, and the sixth cavity and the seventh cavity, in which the first push block and the second push block are respectively positioned, are in sealing contact, so that the cavity, in which the melt is positioned, is sealed. The initial positions of the first push block and the second push block are fixed between the first push block and the bottom shell through the limiting structures. When the impacting device breaks the conductor, the pushing block can be driven to break the melt. Besides the weak breaking point, a plurality of narrow diameters are arranged on the melt. The throat may be located on the melt between the first pusher block and the second pusher block. And cushion pads (not shown) are arranged at the bottoms of the sixth cavity and the seventh cavity, and when the impact device drives the push block to break off the melt, the cushion pads can absorb most of kinetic energy brought by the push block, so that the bottom shell is prevented from being damaged. And arc extinguishing medium is filled in a cavity formed by the cover plate and the bottom shell. The arc extinguishing medium is arc extinguishing sand or arc extinguishing gel, and the melt is located in the arc extinguishing medium. The cover plate, the melt and the bottom shell are taken as independent parts and are connected and fixed with the lower shell after being assembled in advance.

The working principle is as follows:

under the condition that zero current breaking or low-multiple fault current is needed, an excitation source is triggered by an electric signal to generate high-pressure gas, the high-pressure gas firstly enters a first cavity through a first air passage, a first impact device is pushed to overcome a limiting structure and then is displaced to break a conductor breaking weak part to form a fracture, arc holding current at the fracture is completely transferred to a melt which is connected with two ends of the breaking weak part in parallel, due to the fact that the fault current is small, heat generated at the melt narrow diameter is not enough to fuse the narrow diameter to extinguish the arc, the first impact device continues to move to cut off the melt, the arc is extinguished quickly, and a circuit is disconnected. The first impact device moves in place, the second air passage is communicated with the first air passage, high-pressure gas enters the second cavity through the first air passage, the first cavity and the second air passage to circulate and accumulate in the second cavity, and the second impact device is pushed to disconnect the conductor and the melt in sequence after the air pressure is enough, so that a clean physical fracture is formed, and insulation after the fracture is ensured.

Under the medium-multiple fault current, the excitation source is triggered to generate high-pressure gas through an electric signal, the high-pressure gas firstly enters the first cavity through the first air passage, the first impact device is pushed to break the conductor to break the weak part to form a fracture, arc holding current at the fracture is completely transferred to a melt which is connected with two ends of the broken weak part in parallel, heat is generated at the melt narrow diameter part due to the fact that the fault current is large, the melt narrow diameter part starts to fuse, in the fusing process, the first impact device continues to move to cut off the melt, the narrow diameter is not completely fused at the moment, and the arc can continue at the first cut-off part of the melt. The first impact device moves in place, the second air passage is communicated with the first air passage, high-pressure gas flows to the second cavity through the first air passage, the first cavity and the second air passage and is accumulated, the second impact device is pushed to disconnect the conductor and the melt in sequence after the air pressure is enough, the melt is fused and the mechanical breaking fracture acts together to extinguish the electric arc, and the circuit is disconnected;

under high-multiple fault current, the excitation source is triggered by an electric signal to generate high-pressure gas, the high-pressure gas firstly enters the first cavity through the first air passage to push the first impact device to break the conductor to break the weak part to form a fracture, arc holding current at the fracture is completely transferred to a melt which is connected with two ends of the weak part in parallel, because fault current is very big, the fuse-element narrow diameter department produces a large amount of heats and fuses fast, arc extinguishing medium participates in the arc extinguishing, electric arc extinguishes fast, the circuit disconnection, first impact device continues to move and cuts off the fuse-element under the condition of no current, first impact device moves in place, second air flue and first air flue intercommunication, high-pressure gas circulates and gathers to second impact device cavity through first air flue, first cavity and second air flue, the second impact device is promoted to break off conductor and fuse-element in proper order after atmospheric pressure is enough, form clear physical fracture, guarantee to break the back insulation.

Example 3

In a structural change of example 2, referring to fig. 12 to 14, a sixth cavity is not formed in the bottom shell 111 and the melt cover plate 209, the lower end surface of the fourth cavity 207a is closed at the bottom of the lower shell 206, the first impact device 203 only breaks the conductor 205, and the second impact device 204 breaks the conductor and the melt in sequence. However, in order to better fix the melt 210, the melt cover plate is not provided with the sixth cavity and is additionally provided with melt fixing ribs 209a, and the shape of the melt is slightly changed. The other structure is the same as embodiment 2.

The working principle is as follows: the excitation source 201 receives an external signal action, generates high-pressure gas, enters the first cavity 203a through the first air channel 201a, and drives the first impact device 203 to displace the breaking weak point of the breaking conductor 205; the first gas passage is communicated with the second gas passage 212, and high-pressure gas enters the second cavity 204a to drive the second impact device 204 to disconnect the conductor and the melt in turn.

In the case of the example 4, the following examples are given,

changes were made based on example 3. Referring to fig. 15 to 17, without connecting the melts in parallel, the melt cover plate and the bottom shell are removed, and the lower shell 206 is provided with a fourth cavity 307 and a fifth cavity 308, wherein the fourth cavity 307 and the fifth cavity 308 do not penetrate through the bottom of the lower shell respectively. The other structures are the same as those of embodiment 2 and embodiment 3.

The working principle is as follows: the excitation source 201 acts, and high-pressure gas enters the first cavity 203a through the first gas channel 201a to drive the first impact device 203 to act and disconnect the conductor 205; the second air passage 212 is communicated with the first air passage 201a, and high-pressure air enters the second cavity 204a to drive the second impact device 204 to act to break the conductor.

In the above embodiments 1 to 4, the impact devices are not limited to two, and a plurality of impact devices in separate chambers may be provided; the excitation source can be directly communicated with the cavities where the plurality of impact devices are located through the first air passage, and the impact devices where the cavities are directly communicated with the excitation source are all first impact devices; the impact device in the cavity directly communicated with the cavity in which the first impact device is located through the second air passage is the second impact device, the impact device in the cavity directly communicated with the cavity in which the second impact device is located through the third air passage is the third impact device, and the like. The air passages of the cavities of the first impact device, the second impact device and the third impact device are communicated in series. Therefore, the first impact device, the second impact device and the third impact device act in sequence according to the high-pressure gas flow. As long as the high pressure gas provided by the excitation source is sufficient to drive all of the impingement units into action, there may theoretically be a plurality of impingement units acting simultaneously or sequentially.

Example 5

On the basis of the excitation protection device structures of the above embodiments 1 to 4, an indication device may be added. Referring to fig. 19, taking embodiment 1 as an example, a third cavity is formed in the upper housing outside the second cavity 102c, one end of the third cavity is open on the outer surface of the upper housing and is communicated with the outside, and the other end of the third cavity is communicated with the second cavity 102c through an air passage 102 e. In the third cavity an indication means 109 is interference fitted. In this embodiment, the indicating device 109 is an inverted T-shaped structure, the large diameter end of which is in interference fit with the third cavity and is located at the end connected with the air passage, and the small diameter end of which is located at the end of the opening on the outer surface of the upper shell. The contact surface between the indicating device and the third cavity is provided with a limiting mechanism, in the embodiment, the limiting mechanism is in interference fit, and the purpose of the limiting mechanism is to fix the indicating device in the third cavity to keep an initial position, so that the error action of the indicating device is avoided, and the error indication is carried out.

The position of the opening of the gas duct 102e in the second cavity 102c is such that, when the second impacting device 104 breaks the melt and is displaced to the dead point position, the opening of the gas duct 102e in the second cavity 102c is exposed, and when the second impacting device 104 is not displaced to the dead point position, the opening of the gas duct 102e in the second cavity 102c is closed by the second impacting device.

Working principle of example 5: when the first impact device and the second impact device are completely displaced to the right, the opening of the air channel 102e at the second cavity 102c is exposed, high-pressure gas enters the third cavity through the air channel 102e, the indicating device 109 is driven to overcome the friction force of interference fit, so that one end of the indicating device extends out of the shell of the excitation protection device to be communicated with an indicating circuit outside the excitation protection device, and the other end of the indicating device is still in interference fit in the third cavity. The indicating device is connected with the indicating circuit to remind the main circuit of faults, the exciting protection device is indicated to finish the protection action, the main circuit needs to be maintained in time,

the indicating device is arranged to indicate the occurrence of the fault of the main circuit and excite the protection device to complete the action; therefore, the indicating device only needs to be communicated with the cavity where the impact device which acts last through the air passage, and when the impact devices act simultaneously, the indicating device is communicated with the cavity where one impact device is located through the air passage. The air passage of the indicating device is required to be exposed at the opening position of the cavity of the impact device after all the impact devices complete the action, and the indicating device can only act.

Example 6

The cavity where the excitation source is located and the cavity where each impact device is located can be communicated through air passages respectively. When the excitation source receives the excitation signal to act, the generated high-pressure gas can respectively enter the cavities of the impact devices through the air passages at the same time to drive the impact devices to act at the same time.

Example 7

In the above embodiments 1 to 6, the excitation source is an electronic ignition device that can generate high-pressure gas; in this embodiment, the excitation source is a hydraulic device capable of receiving an external excitation signal, and by receiving the excitation signal, high-pressure liquid is released, and the high-pressure liquid enters the corresponding cavity where the impact device is located through the liquid flow passage, i.e., the air passage of the above-described embodiment, to drive the impact device to operate. When using hydraulic means, the released high pressure liquid must be an insulating liquid. In the embodiment, only the type of the excitation source is changed, and the remaining structure is the same as the above-described embodiment.

The air channel in the above embodiment and the liquid flow channel in the present embodiment are collectively defined as a flow channel in the present invention.

Claims

1. A single excitation source step-by-step action excitation protection device comprises a shell, an excitation source, an impact device and a conductor; the device is characterized in that at least two impact devices respectively positioned in different cavities are arranged in the shell, one side of each impact device is provided with an excitation source, and the impact devices and the excitation sources are respectively in sealing contact with the cavities in which the impact devices and the excitation sources are positioned; the excitation source drives the impact devices to displace simultaneously or sequentially, and at least one impact device breaks the conductor in the displacement process.

2. The single source step action excitation protection device of claim 1 wherein at least one melt is connected in parallel to said conductor.

3. The single-stimulus step-action stimulus protection device of claim 2, wherein at least one of the impacting devices breaks the conductor, at least one of the impacting devices breaks the melt or breaks the conductor and the melt in sequence.

4. The single source step action excitation protection device of claim 3, wherein a fuse weakness and a break weakness are provided in said melt at a location broken by said impacting device.

5. The step-by-step motion excitation protection device with the single excitation source as claimed in claim 4, wherein a push block is arranged in a cavity close to the impact device at the melt breaking weak point, and a limiting structure for limiting the initial position of the push block is arranged between the push block and the cavity where the push block is located.

6. The single-source step-action excitation protection device of claim 4, wherein the fusion weakness is located in a sealed arc-extinguishing-medium-filled cavity.

7. The single excitation source step-by-step action excitation protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a cavity where the excitation source is located is respectively communicated with a cavity where each impact device is located, and when the excitation source acts, the impact devices can be driven to act simultaneously or sequentially; or the cavity where the excitation source is located is communicated with the cavity where one of the impact devices is located, the cavities where the impact devices are located are respectively communicated in series through the flow channels, and when the excitation source acts, the impact devices can be driven to act sequentially.

8. The single-excitation-source step-action excitation protection device of claim 7, wherein when the cavities in which the respective impact devices are located are communicated in series through the flow passage, the impact device which is actuated first opens the flow passage opening through which the cavity in which the impact device which is actuated immediately thereafter is communicated with the cavity in which the impact device is located by displacement.

9. A single source step action excitation protector according to claim 7 wherein one of said impacters is centrally located and the others are spaced around the outside of said centrally located impacter.

10. The single source step action excitation protector of claim 7 wherein said impingement means is disposed around the outside of the cavity in which the excitation source is located.

11. The single source step motion excitation protector of claim 9, wherein the impingement devices outside the centrally located impingement device are all ring-like structures, and are sequentially spaced around the periphery of the centrally located impingement device.

12. The single source step action excitation protector of claim 11, wherein said conductors are notched at locations on said ring structure corresponding to said conductors, and wherein said conductors are positioned within said notches when said impacting device of said ring structure is displaced to break through the melt.

13. An excitation protector for step action with a single excitation source according to claim 1 characterised in that sealing means are provided between the impact means and the excitation source and the respective contact surfaces of the cavity in which they are located for sealing the contact surfaces.

14. The single-excitation-source step-action excitation protection device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the housing further comprises a melt housing disposed at the bottom thereof, the melt is inserted into the melt housing, and both ends of the melt are connected in parallel with the conductor after penetrating through the melt housing; and a cavity for the impact device to break the melt is formed in the melt shell.

15. The single excitation source step action excitation protection device of claim 7, wherein an indicating device is disposed on said housing and is in sealing contact with said housing, and a limiting mechanism is disposed between said indicating device and said housing; the indicating device is communicated with a cavity where one of the impact devices which act simultaneously is located through a flow passage, or is communicated with a cavity where the last impact device which acts in sequence is located through a flow passage; the flow passage of the indicating device meets the following opening position in the cavity of the impact device: when all the impact devices finish the action, the indicating device overcomes the displacement of the limiting mechanism under the action of the driving force generated by the excitation source, and one end of the indicating device extends out of the shell.

16. The single-excitation-source step-action excitation protection device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the excitation source is an electronic ignition device or a hydraulic device capable of receiving an excitation signal for action; the electronic ignition device releases high-pressure gas, and the hydraulic device releases insulating high-pressure liquid.