CN215892330U - Coal-fired boiler capable of reducing pollutant discharge - Google Patents
Coal-fired boiler capable of reducing pollutant discharge Download PDFInfo
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- CN215892330U CN215892330U CN202122341166.8U CN202122341166U CN215892330U CN 215892330 U CN215892330 U CN 215892330U CN 202122341166 U CN202122341166 U CN 202122341166U CN 215892330 U CN215892330 U CN 215892330U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a coal fired boiler of reduction pollutant emission, includes the furnace body, is provided with bottom air intake and air exit on the furnace body, and the furnace body is from supreme burning air supply district, the burning air supply district that is provided with down and sinks the air supply district, and burning air supply district, burning air supply district all include a plurality of diagonal angle air intakes, and the diagonal angle air intake is usedThe submerged air supply area comprises a first air supply pipe, a plurality of nozzles are detachably arranged on the first air supply pipe, and the nozzles face the center windless area of the tangential circular air field. The sinking airflow generated by the sinking air supply area forms a barrier above the burnout air supply area, meanwhile, the sinking airflow sinks from the central airless area and is combined with the bottom ascending airflow to form a circulating airflow, so that the contact time of emissions, coal and oxygen is increased, the reaction of all substances is more sufficient, the burnout rate of fuel is obviously improved, the coal burning cost is reduced, solid particle impurities in smoke dust are reduced, and CO is reduced2、SO2、NOXThe amount of gaseous emissions of (c).
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of boiler combustion, in particular to a coal-fired boiler capable of reducing pollutant discharge.
Background
With the rapid development of national economy, the energy consumption of China is increasing day by day and becomes a world large energy consumption country. In the total primary energy consumption of China, coal consumption is in absolute dominance and approximately accounts for seven elements of the total energy consumption.
Coal plays an important role in China as an important energy source, but meanwhile, the coal burning also causes serious pollution to the environment. Carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides are gases that can cause serious pollution to the atmosphere environment, and are basically considered as one of the main sources of atmospheric pollution. At present, the biggest characteristic of energy composition in China is that coal is taken as a main raw material, and a large amount of carbon dioxide and nitric oxide gas are generated, so that the energy structure has negative effects on economic and efficient growth and ecological environment.
With the national higher and higher requirements for environmental emission, low-emission combustion technology and post-treatment technology have been widely applied to various boilers and burners. Patent CN102692013B discloses a tangential combustion system under air classification combustion technology, which provides an integral air classification method and classification tangential combustionA burning method. As shown in figure 1, in the prior art, a relatively small tangential edge is formed by utilizing the opposite-angle primary air and pulverized coal mixed air flow 102 through opposite impact, and secondary air such as offset cyclone air, edge folding air and the like is combined to enable flow fields of cross sections of a combustion layer 207 and a burnout layer 206 of a boiler to be in a tangential circle combustion state as shown in figure 2, so that coking and corrosion of a furnace wall are controlled. However, the wind field formed by the tangential combustion technology has a strong wind area 103, a weak wind area 104 and a calm area 105, which causes unreasonable oxygen supply, short arrival time, insufficient oxygen supply and short contact time, and further causes insufficient combustion of coal, so that the total cardinality of generated carbon dioxide and other emissions is large; meanwhile, unburned coal is driven by the bottom air inlet to be continuously discharged to tail gas treatment equipment through the discharge port, and the tail gas treatment pressure and cost are increased. Therefore, the existing coal-fired boiler can not effectively reduce smoke dust and CO2、SO2、NOXAnd (4) discharging.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to provide a coal-fired boiler capable of reducing pollutant discharge, which utilizes an air supply pipe of a top sinking type air supply area to continuously spray air flow to the center of a hearth, and the air flow and smoke dust and carbon dioxide of an ascending channel are in opposite impact to form an air curtain to block the smoke dust and CO2、SO2、NOXWhen the emissions go upward, the emissions return back through a windless area in the center of the hearth and sink to a combustion layer to be mixed with coal to form secondary circulation combustion, so that the problems of high coal burning cost caused by insufficient coal burning, namely, discharge of the coal out of a boiler, and high post-treatment cost and high treatment load caused by large emission of carbon dioxide, smoke dust and other pollutant emissions in the prior art are solved.
The utility model is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a coal fired boiler of reduction pollutant emission, includes the furnace body, be provided with bottom air intake and air exit on the furnace body, supreme burning air supply district, the burning air supply district of being provided with down and sinking the air supply district are followed to the furnace body, burning air supply district, the burning air supply district all includes a plurality of diagonal angle air intakes, the diagonal angle air intake is used for forming tangential wind field to the air supply in the furnace body, the air supply district that sinks includes first air feed pipe, detachably is provided with a plurality of nozzles on the first air feed pipe, the nozzle orientation the central no wind district of tangential wind field.
In the technical scheme, the coal-fired boiler comprises a boiler body, wherein an air inlet is formed in the bottom of the boiler body, and bottom ascending air flow enters the boiler body from the bottom air inlet and vertically and upwards moves in the boiler body. The combustion air supply area and the burnout air supply area are respectively provided with four diagonal air inlets along the diagonal angles of the cross section of the hearth so as to provide mixed air flow of primary air and pulverized coal into the hearth, or further comprise secondary air such as offset cyclone air, edge folding air, direct blowing air and the like, and a stable tangential wind field is formed. The ascending air flow passes through the tangential wind field in the ascending process, carries smoke dust and gas emissions obtained by combustion in the hearth to vertically move upwards, and finally is discharged out of the furnace through the air outlet at the top. Wherein the smoke dust mainly contains light oxide impurities and incompletely combusted coal particles, and the gas emission mainly contains CO generated in the combustion process2、SO2、NOX。
In order to make the combustion reaction more sufficient, different from the prior art, this technical scheme is provided with the air supply district that sinks above the air supply district that burns out.
The sunken air supply area comprises a first air supply pipe arranged on the inner wall of the furnace body, the first air supply pipe comprises a pipe body, a plurality of nozzles are detachably arranged on the pipe body, and the nozzles face the central airless area. The air inlet of the first air supply pipe is communicated with an external air source, and the external air source is sprayed out through a plurality of nozzles arranged on the pipe body after entering the pipe body. In one or more embodiments, the nozzle may be either a metal nozzle, such as 310 stainless steel, or a ceramic nozzle, such as alumina ceramic.
The sinking air supply area is used for spraying sinking air flow to the center of the furnace body. In some embodiments, the downwind may be a direct wind or a spiral wind. The sinking airflow sprayed to the center of the hearth has two functions. First, the sinking air flow is horizontal or approximately horizontal air flow, and is approximately vertical to the moving direction of the ascending air flow, so that an air curtain is formed above the burnout air supply area to reduce the movement to the air outletSmoke and CO of2、SO2、NOXThe amount of emissions, etc.; secondly, under the influence of a tangential circular wind field, the center of the cross section of the hearth is a windless area with small wind volume, so that a cylindrical central windless area is formed in the center of the hearth, and after sinking airflow is sprayed to the center, partial smoke dust and CO can be driven2、SO2、NOXThe discharged materials vertically move downwards along the central windless area to the bottom of the boiler, and contact with the ascending air flow at the bottom again to ascend to form a circulating air flow; during the sinking process, smoke and CO2、SO2、NOXAfter the discharged materials pass through the burnout air supply zone and the combustion air supply zone again, the discharged materials are combusted with the supplied oxygen for the second time, thereby improving the burnout rate of the fuel, reducing solid particle impurities in the smoke dust and reducing CO2、SO2、NOXThe amount of gaseous emissions of (a); taking carbon dioxide as an example, the rising carbon dioxide is acted by the sinking gas flow and contacts with coal again to generate carbon monoxide, the carbon monoxide and oxygen are fully combusted to generate carbon dioxide, and the generated carbon dioxide continues to react with the coal under the action of the rising gas flow.
The sinking air flow generated by the sinking air supply area forms a barrier above the burnout air supply area to block smoke dust and CO to a certain extent2、SO2、NOXWhen the emissions go upwards, the sinking air flow sinks from the central airless area and is combined with the ascending air flow at the bottom to form a circulating air flow, the circulating air flow conveys the emissions above the burnout air supply area to the bottom of the boiler, and in the sinking process, the emissions are combusted with oxygen and coal for the second time, so that the contact time of the emissions, the coal and the oxygen is increased, the reaction of all the substances is more sufficient, the burnout rate of the fuel is obviously improved, the coal burning cost is reduced, solid particle impurities in smoke dust are reduced, and CO is reduced2、SO2、NOXThe treatment difficulty and the treatment load of the post-treatment process are reduced.
Furthermore, all be provided with first air feed pipe on the four sides furnace wall of furnace body, the nozzle quantity, size and the mounted position of the first air feed pipe that sets up on each side furnace wall are the same. In the utility model, the first air supply pipe can be arranged on one furnace wall or a plurality of furnace walls, and one first air supply pipe or a plurality of first air supply pipes can be arranged on the same furnace wall. Preferably, in the technical scheme, each furnace wall is provided with a first air supply pipe, and the number of nozzles, the positions of the nozzles and the sizes of the nozzles of the first air supply pipes on each furnace wall are completely the same, so that the air output and the air field of the first air supply pipes on each furnace wall are approximately the same, further the submerged airflow is promoted to form an even air curtain above the burnout air supply area, and stable submerged airflow is continuously input into the central airless area.
Further, the air outlet end of the nozzle on the first air supply pipe is inclined downwards by 5-15 degrees. The emergent direction of the airflow sprayed by the nozzles on the first air supply pipe can be a horizontal direction and can also be inclined downwards by a certain angle, but the inclined downwards angle is not too large, otherwise the airflow and the ascending airflow form obvious opposite impact, the airflow at the top of the hearth is disordered, and most of the sinking airflow cannot enter a central airless area. In the technical scheme, in order to promote the sinking air flow to form better obstruction to the rising emissions and simultaneously enable most of the sinking air flow to enter the central airless area, the included angle between the air flow emergent direction of the nozzle of the first air supply pipe and the horizontal plane is 5-15 degrees, and preferably 5-12 degrees.
As a preferred structure of the utility model, the furnace body is further provided with a lower air supply area and a middle air supply area, the lower air supply area is positioned below the combustion air supply area, and the middle air supply area is positioned between the combustion air supply area and the burnout air supply area; the lower air supply area and the middle air supply area comprise at least one group of air supply assemblies, each air supply assembly comprises a diagonal air inlet, each diagonal air inlet is used for supplying air into the furnace body to form a tangential wind field, a second air supply pipe is arranged between every two adjacent diagonal air inlets, each second air supply pipe comprises a pipe body, the end portion of each pipe body is provided with the air inlets, a plurality of air outlets are axially distributed on the pipe body, and the air inlets of every two adjacent second air supply pipes are close to different diagonal air inlets.
In the technical scheme, a lower air supply area between a bottom air inlet and a combustion air supply area supplies air to the lower part of a combustion bin, the lower air supply area comprises at least one group of air supply assemblies, each air supply assembly comprises diagonal air inlets positioned at four opposite corners, and the four diagonal air inlets provide mixed air flow of primary air and pulverized coal into a hearth or further comprise secondary air such as offset cyclone, edge folding air, direct blowing air and the like to form a stable tangential wind field; one or more second air supply pipes are arranged between two adjacent diagonal air inlets and used for supplying air to the tangential circular air field, the lower air supply area increases the combination of the surface area of fuel and oxygen and prolongs the contact time on the one hand, and the overflow amount of combustible materials of the fuel on the other hand, blocks the ascending channel of waste particles with large dead weight to a certain extent and reduces the emission amount of the waste particles.
The middle air supply area between the combustion air supply area and the burnout air supply area is also provided with at least one group of air supply assemblies, the arrangement and arrangement modes of the air supply assemblies in the middle air supply area can be the same as or different from those in the lower air supply area, and for example, at least two second air supply pipes can be arranged between the adjacent diagonal air inlets. The air flow of the flame part in the middle air supply area entering the combustion bin directly reaches the flame center to form combustion-supporting force for the combustion flame, so that the combustion and the heat value of the flame are enhanced, the middle air supply area meets the oxygen supply requirement of the combustion flame, and the more uniform air flow impact of an air field can promote the secondary sufficient combustion of particles.
In the technical scheme, the second air supply pipe is of a tubular structure, and the pipe body is provided with an air inlet and a plurality of air outlets. The air inlet is connected with an external air source, and the air outlet faces the inside of the hearth. The quantity, the interval, the size and the air outlet angle of the air outlets can be adjusted according to the design requirements of the boiler. The closer the air outlet is to the air inlet, the larger the air speed and the air quantity of air distribution under the condition that the size of the air outlet is the same, and the smaller the air speed and the air quantity are vice versa, so that the position of the air inlet on the pipe body can be adjusted according to the air supply area to which the air distribution pipe belongs. In the technical scheme, the air inlets are arranged at the end parts of the pipe body, so that the air speed and the air quantity of the air distribution are gradually reduced from one diagonal air inlet to the other diagonal air inlet, and then the air distribution is matched with a weak air area between the two diagonal air inlets, the area of which is gradually increased or gradually reduced, and the reinforcement of a wind field is realized. The stable tangential wind field is combined, so that the area of a weak wind area in front of the same furnace wall is always gradually reduced or increased along the clockwise direction or the anticlockwise direction, and therefore the air inlets of two adjacent air distribution pipes need to be close to different diagonal air inlets so as to realize uniform air distribution on each surface. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that, to realize air distribution, it is necessary to have a region with a larger area of the weak air region, and the air distribution amount is stronger, that is, the air inlet of the air distribution pipe is always close to the region with a larger area of the weak air region. Through the arrangement, the area of a weak wind area is remarkably reduced, the wind field in the boiler is more uniform, the air flow fullness of the whole cross section is better, particularly the air supply system is close to the wall surface, the flow is enhanced by the air supply system, high-temperature gas and the wall surface are separated, the erosion of flame to the wall surface is reduced, and the wall surface of the boiler is effectively prevented from being dusted and slagging.
The air flow of the middle air supply area directly reaches the flame center for supporting combustion, and the temperature of the bottom of the boiler needs to be prevented from being influenced by the lower air supply area, so that the air volume of the middle air supply area is larger than that of the lower air supply area.
Therefore, in some embodiments, it is preferable that the number of the air supply assemblies of the lower air supply zone is less than the number of the air supply assemblies of the middle air supply zone.
In one or more embodiments, according to the air supply condition of the furnace body, the combustion air supply area and the burnout air supply area may or may not be provided with a second air supply pipe. Preferably, the combustion air supply area and the burnout air supply area are only provided with diagonal air inlets at opposite corners without a second air supply pipe.
Further, an upper air supply area is further arranged above the over-fire air supply area and comprises at least one group of air supply assemblies, and the number of the air supply assemblies in the upper air supply area is greater than that of the air supply assemblies in the lower air supply area. In the technical scheme, an upper air supply area is also arranged above the burnout air supply area, and horizontal or nearly horizontal air flow provided by the upper air supply area is used for preventing unburned coal from continuously rising to a certain degree or forming a backflow channel, so that the contact time of the coal and oxygen is further prolonged, and the coal in the furnace body is fully combusted. The number of the air supply components in the upper air supply area is preferably more than that of the air supply components in the lower air supply area, so that the air supply amount of the upper air supply area is larger than that of the lower air supply area.
Furthermore, a perlite layer is paved on the tube body of the second air supply tube, ceramic fiber cloth covers the outer surface of the perlite layer, and a nozzle is detachably connected to an air outlet of the tube body.
When not distributing air, in order to avoid high temperature to lead to the air feed pipe body to be heated and produce deformation, be provided with the pearlite layer of laying the constitution by the pearlite on the outer wall of body, the pearlite layer has apparent density light, thermal conductivity coefficient is low, chemical stability is good, service temperature range characteristics such as wide, lays and can reduce the body to be heated in the surface of body can showing, avoids the body to be heated deformation or damage. In addition, ceramic fiber cloth is wrapped outside the perlite layer, and the advantages of high temperature resistance, low heat conductivity coefficient, thermal shock resistance and low heat capacity of the ceramic fiber cloth are utilized, so that the heating capacity of the air supply pipe can be improved, the perlite layer can be stabilized, and the overall stability of the air supply pipe structure is improved. Preferably, the total thickness of the ceramic fiber cloth and the perlite layer is higher than the outlet end of the air outlet, or higher than a connecting seat arranged on the air outlet and used for connecting the ceramic nozzle. Through the setting, the perlite layer laid on the air supply pipe and the ceramic fiber cloth wrapped on the outermost layer can greatly improve the temperature resistance of the air supply pipe, so that the deformation of the air supply pipe at high temperature of the hearth can not occur when the air is not distributed, the service life of equipment is prolonged, and the accuracy of air distribution is enhanced.
The detachable mode of the nozzle detachably connected with the second air supply pipe and the air outlet on the pipe body can be clamped and connected with each other through threads. Preferably, the outer wall of the nozzle is provided with external threads/internal threads, the air outlet is provided with a connecting seat, and the connecting seat is provided with matched internal threads/external threads so as to realize threaded connection between the nozzle and the air outlet. Through detachably connecting the nozzle, can change the nozzle according to actual wind field before the air distribution to adjust the orientation of nozzle, air-out angle, air-out form, air output isoparametric, the parameter of the nozzle on the same air distribution pipe can be the same also can be different.
Further, the distance between two adjacent air outlets is gradually increased along the direction from the end part of the second air supply pipe, which is provided with the air inlet, to the other end of the pipe body. In this technical scheme, the air outlet that is close to the body air intake is more, and the air outlet of keeping away from the body air intake still less, should set up and make the air distribution pipe from being provided with air intake one end to the other end, and the wind speed of air-out, amount of wind further reduce gradually to make the air distribution pipe can strengthen the weak wind district in wind field better, further improve wind field homogeneity.
Further, the diameter of the air outlet end of the air outlet or the nozzle is gradually reduced along the direction from the end part provided with the pipe body to the other end of the pipe body. The diameter reduces can further reduce the air output, through the mode that air outlet or nozzle diameter reduce gradually among this technical scheme for along the air output from the tip that is provided with the body to the direction of the body other end further reduces.
As a preferable structure of the nozzle, the nozzle comprises a vertical section, a horizontal section and a necking section which are sequentially connected along the direction from the air inlet end to the air outlet end, the inner diameter of the necking section is gradually reduced along the direction from the air inlet end to the air outlet end, and spiral grooves which spirally extend along the inner wall are arranged on the inner walls of the vertical section, the horizontal section and/or the necking section.
In this technical scheme, the nozzle is L shape return bend structure, and L shape return bend structure can adjust the orientation of the end of giving vent to anger of nozzle, and then allows according to the actual demand angle regulation of wind field in order to realize better air feed or air distribution. The spiral groove is a groove formed in the inner wall of the nozzle, the extending direction of the groove is the extending direction of a spiral line of the inner wall of the main body, and the flowing mode of air flow is changed by arranging the spiral groove on the inner wall of the main body. The air flow rotates gradually in the process of moving from the air inlet end to the air outlet end in the nozzle, and is finally sprayed out from the air outlet end in the state of spiral air flow, so that the forms of air supply and air distribution of a hearth in the prior art are changed, a better impact stirring effect is played on an air field in the hearth, the air field is more uniform, the contact and reaction time of oxygen and coal, carbon dioxide and coal, carbon monoxide and oxygen and other gases is prolonged, the utilization rate of carbon dioxide and coal is improved, and the emission of smoke dust, carbon dioxide and other emissions is effectively reduced.
In some embodiments, the helical groove may be disposed on one or more of the vertical section, the horizontal section, and the constricted section.
After entering the vertical section and the horizontal section through the air inlet end, the airflow of the air source is gradually converted into stable spiral airflow through the spiral groove, and finally, the spiral airflow is further accelerated and sprayed into the hearth at the necking section.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the sinking air flow generated by the sinking air supply area forms a barrier above the burnout air supply area to block smoke dust and CO to a certain extent2、SO2、NOXWhen the emissions go upwards, the sinking air flow sinks from the central airless area and is combined with the ascending air flow at the bottom to form a circulating air flow, the circulating air flow conveys the emissions above the burnout air supply area to the bottom of the boiler, and in the sinking process, the emissions are combusted with oxygen and coal for the second time, so that the contact time of the emissions, the coal and the oxygen is increased, the reaction of all the substances is more sufficient, the burnout rate of the fuel is obviously improved, the coal burning cost is reduced, solid particle impurities in smoke dust are reduced, and CO is reduced2、SO2、NOXThe discharge amount of the gas emission reduces the treatment difficulty and the treatment load of the post-treatment process;
2. the second air supply pipe distributes air to the tangential circular air field to obviously reduce the area of a weak air area, so that the air field in the boiler is more uniform, the oxygen supply is more reasonable and sufficient, the coal is more fully combusted, the discharge amount of emissions of smoke dust, carbon dioxide and the like is reduced, the air flow fullness of the whole section is better, particularly the air supply system is close to the wall surface, the flow is enhanced by the air supply system, high-temperature gas is separated from the wall surface, the scouring of flame to the wall surface is reduced, and the ash hanging and slag bonding of the wall surface of the boiler are effectively prevented;
3. according to the utility model, by arranging the upper, middle and lower three-stage air supply areas and utilizing the lower air supply area, the combination of the fuel surface area and oxygen is increased, the contact time is prolonged, the overflow amount of fuel combustible is increased, the ascending channel of waste particles with large self-weight is blocked to a certain extent, and the emission amount of the waste particles is reduced; the middle air supply area forms combustion-supporting force for the combustion flame, so that the combustion and the heat value of the flame are enhanced, the middle air supply area not only meets the oxygen supply requirement of the combustion flame, but also can promote the more uniform airflow impact of an air field to fully combust the particles again; the upper air supply area is used for preventing unburned coal from continuously rising to a certain degree or forming a return channel, so that the contact time of the coal and oxygen is further prolonged, and the coal in the boiler is fully combusted;
4. the nozzle of the utility model enables the airflow to gradually rotate in the process of moving from the air inlet end to the air outlet end in the nozzle, and finally the airflow is ejected from the air outlet end in the state of spiral airflow, thereby changing the forms of air supply and air distribution of the hearth in the prior art, playing a better impact stirring role on an air field in the hearth, not only enabling the air field to be more uniform, but also increasing the contact and reaction time of oxygen and coal, carbon dioxide and coal, carbon monoxide and oxygen and other gases, improving the utilization rate of carbon dioxide and coal, and effectively reducing the emission of smoke dust, carbon dioxide and other emissions.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the utility model and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the utility model and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the utility model. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a prior art boiler;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a prior art wind field of a cross section of a boiler furnace;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the air supply of the sinking air supply zone in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the wind field of the upper/middle/lower wind supply area in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second air supply duct in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a nozzle in an embodiment of the utility model.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings:
1-furnace body, 2-bottom air inlet, 3-air outlet, 4-slag outlet, 5-combustion air supply area, 6-burnout air supply area, 7-lower air supply area, 8-middle air supply area, 9-upper air supply area, 10-sinking air supply area, 11-sinking air flow, 12-bottom updraft, 13-spiral wind, 14-diagonal air inlet, 15-first air supply pipe, 16-second air supply pipe, 161-pipe body, 162-air inlet, 163-air outlet, 164-perlite layer, 165-ceramic fiber cloth, 17-central airless area, 18-nozzle, 181-nozzle body, 182-spiral groove, 183-necking section, vertical section, 185-horizontal section, 19-sinking mixed air flow;
201-furnace wall, 202-diagonal air inlet, 203-strong air area, 204-weak air area, 205-no air area, 206-burnout layer and 207-combustion layer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "high", "low", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and therefore, should not be taken as limiting the scope of the utility model.
Example 1:
a coal fired boiler who reduces pollutant emission load as shown in fig. 3 to 5, including furnace body 1, be provided with bottom air intake 2 and air exit 3 on the furnace body 1, supreme burning air supply district 5, the burning air supply district 6 and the air supply district 10 that sinks are provided with down from the follow to furnace body 1, burning air supply district 5, burning air supply district 6 all include a plurality of diagonal angle air intakes 14, diagonal angle air intake 14 is used for forming tangent circle wind field to the air feed in the furnace body 1, the air supply district 10 that sinks includes first air feed pipe 15, detachably is provided with a plurality of nozzles 18 on the first air feed pipe 15, nozzle 18 be used for to the central no wind district 17 of tangent circle wind field sprays sunken air current 11.
In some embodiments, the first air supply pipes 15 are disposed on all four furnace walls of the furnace body 1, and the number, size and installation positions of the nozzles 18 of the first air supply pipes 15 disposed on each furnace wall are the same.
In one or more embodiments, the air outlet end of the nozzle 18 on the first air supply pipe 15 is inclined downwards by 5-15 degrees.
In one or more embodiments, the air supply amount of the sinking air supply area 10 is 10% -20% of the total air amount entering the furnace body 1.
In one or more embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, the bottom of the boiler is also provided with a slag discharge port 4 for discharging the heavier solid particulate impurities out of the furnace.
The sinking air current 11 generated by the sinking air supply area forms a barrier above the burnout air supply area to block smoke dust and CO to a certain extent2、SO2、NOXWhen the emissions go upwards, the sinking air flow sinks from the central airless area to form a sinking mixed air flow 19, the sinking mixed air flow is combined with the ascending air flow at the bottom to form a circulating air flow, the circulating air flow conveys the emissions above the burn-off air supply area to the bottom of the boiler, and the emissions, oxygen and coal are secondarily combusted in the sinking process of the sinking mixed air flow 19, so that the contact time of the emissions, the coal and the oxygen is prolonged, the reaction of all the substances is more sufficient, the burn-off rate of the fuel is obviously improved, the coal burning cost is reduced, solid particle impurities in smoke dust are reduced, and CO is reduced2、SO2、NOXThe emission of gas emissions of, reducing the post-treatmentThe processing difficulty and processing load of the process.
Example 2:
on the basis of the embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 3, a lower air supply zone 7 and a middle air supply zone 8 are further arranged on the furnace body 1, the lower air supply zone 7 is positioned below the combustion air supply zone 5, and the middle air supply zone 8 is positioned between the combustion air supply zone 5 and the burnout air supply zone 6; the lower air supply area 7 and the middle air supply area 8 comprise at least one group of air supply assemblies, each air supply assembly comprises a diagonal air inlet 14, each diagonal air inlet 14 is used for supplying air into the furnace body 1 to form a tangential air field, a second air supply pipe 16 is arranged between two adjacent diagonal air inlets 14, each second air supply pipe 16 comprises a pipe body 161, an air inlet 162 is arranged at the end of each pipe body 161, a plurality of air outlets 163 are axially distributed on each pipe body 161, and the air inlets 162 of two adjacent second air supply pipes 16 are close to different diagonal air inlets 14; an upper air supply area 9 is further arranged above the over-fire air supply area 6, the upper air supply area 9 comprises at least one group of air supply assemblies, and the number of the air supply assemblies in the upper air supply area 9 is greater than that of the air supply assemblies in the lower air supply area 7.
In some embodiments, the number of air supply components of the lower air supply zone 7 is less than the number of air supply components of the middle air supply zone 8. As shown in fig. 3, the lower air supply zone 7 includes two sets of air supply assemblies, and the middle air supply zone 8 includes three sets of air supply assemblies.
In the embodiment, by arranging the upper, middle and lower three-stage air supply areas, the combination of the surface area of the fuel and oxygen is increased by utilizing the lower air supply area, the contact time is prolonged, the overflow amount of combustible materials of the fuel is increased, the ascending channel of waste particles with large self-weight is blocked to a certain extent, and the emission amount of the waste particles is reduced; the middle air supply area forms combustion-supporting force for the combustion flame, so that the combustion and the heat value of the flame are enhanced, the middle air supply area not only meets the oxygen supply requirement of the combustion flame, but also can promote the more uniform airflow impact of an air field to fully combust the particles again; the upper air supply area is used for preventing unburned coal from continuously rising to a certain degree or forming a return channel, so that the contact time of the coal and oxygen is further prolonged, and the coal in the boiler is fully combusted.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 6, the second air supply pipe 16 includes a pipe body 161, the pipe body 161 is provided with an air inlet 162 and a plurality of air outlets 163 distributed along an axial direction of the pipe body 161, the air inlet 162 is located at an end of the second air supply pipe 16, and the air inlets 162 of two adjacent second air supply pipes 16 are close to different diagonal air inlets 14. The second air supply pipe distributes air to the tangential wind field to obviously reduce the area of the weak wind area, so that the wind field in the furnace is more uniform, the oxygen supply is more reasonable and sufficient, the coal combustion is more sufficient, the emission of emissions of smoke dust, carbon dioxide and the like is reduced, the air flow fullness of the whole cross section is better, particularly, the air supply system is close to the wall surface, the air supply system enables the flow to be enhanced, high-temperature gas and the wall surface are isolated, the flame scouring to the wall surface is reduced, and the wall surface of the boiler is effectively prevented from being coated with ash and slagging.
In one or more embodiments, a perlite layer 164 is laid on the tube body 161 of the second air supply pipe 16, the outer surface of the perlite layer 164 is covered with a ceramic fiber cloth 165, and the air outlet 163 of the tube body 161 is detachably connected with the nozzle 18. In this embodiment, the perlite layer of laying on the air feed pipe to and the temperature resistance that the parcel can greatly promote the air feed pipe at outmost ceramic fiber cloth, guarantee that the air feed pipe can not appear warping under the furnace high temperature when not distributing wind, prolonged the life of equipment, and strengthened the accuracy of air distribution.
In one or more embodiments, the detachable mode of the nozzle detachably connected to the second air supply pipe and the air outlet of the pipe body may be a clamping connection or a threaded connection. Preferably, the outer wall of the nozzle is provided with external threads/internal threads, the air outlet is provided with a connecting seat, and the connecting seat is provided with matched internal threads/external threads so as to realize threaded connection between the nozzle and the air outlet. Through detachably connecting the nozzle, can change the nozzle according to actual wind field before the air distribution to adjust the orientation of nozzle, air-out angle, air-out form, air output isoparametric, the parameter of the nozzle on the same air distribution pipe can be the same also can be different.
In one or more embodiments, the distance between two adjacent air outlets gradually increases in a direction from the end of the tube where the air inlet is provided to the other end of the tube. The air outlets close to the air inlet of the pipe body are more, the air outlets far away from the air inlet of the pipe body are fewer, the air distribution pipe is enabled to be arranged from one end of the air inlet to the other end, the air speed and the air quantity of the air outlet are further gradually reduced, so that the air distribution pipe can better reinforce the weak air area of the air field, and the uniformity of the air field is further improved.
In one or more embodiments, the diameter of the air outlet 163 or the air outlet end of the nozzle 18 is gradually reduced in a direction from the end of the tube 161 where the air inlet 162 is provided to the other end of the tube 161. The diameter reduces can further reduce the air output, through the mode that air outlet or nozzle diameter reduce gradually among this technical scheme for along the air output from the tip that is provided with the body to the direction of the body other end further reduces.
Example 3:
on the basis of the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the nozzle 18 includes a vertical section 184, a horizontal section 185 and a reduced section 183 connected in sequence along the direction from the air inlet end to the air outlet end, the inner diameter of the reduced section 183 gradually decreases along the direction from the air inlet end to the air outlet end, and a spiral groove 182 spirally extending along the inner wall is provided on the inner wall of the vertical section 184, the horizontal section 185 and/or the reduced section 183.
After entering the vertical section and the horizontal section through the air inlet end, the airflow of the air source is gradually converted into stable spiral airflow through the spiral groove, and finally, the spiral airflow is further accelerated and sprayed into the hearth at the necking section.
The air flow rotates gradually in the process of moving from the air inlet end to the air outlet end in the nozzle, and is finally sprayed out from the air outlet end in the state of spiral air flow, so that the forms of air supply and air distribution of a hearth in the prior art are changed, a better impact stirring effect is played on an air field in the hearth, the air field is more uniform, the contact and reaction time of oxygen and coal, carbon dioxide and coal, carbon monoxide and oxygen and other gases is prolonged, the utilization rate of carbon dioxide and coal is improved, and the emission of smoke dust, carbon dioxide and other emissions is effectively reduced.
As used herein, "first," "second," etc. merely distinguish the corresponding components for clarity of description and are not intended to limit any order or to emphasize importance, etc. Further, the term "connected" used herein may be either directly connected or indirectly connected via other components without being particularly described.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a coal fired boiler of reduction pollutant emission, includes furnace body (1), be provided with bottom air intake (2) and air exit (3) on furnace body (1), its characterized in that, supreme burning air supply district (5), the burn out air supply district (6) and the air supply district (10) that sinks are provided with down in furnace body (1), burning air supply district (5), burn out air supply district (6) all include a plurality of diagonal angle air intakes (14), diagonal angle air intake (14) are used for forming tangent circle wind field to air supply in furnace body (1), the air supply district (10) that sinks includes first air feed pipe (15), detachably is provided with a plurality of nozzles (18) on first air feed pipe (15), nozzle (18) be used for to the center windless district (17) of tangent circle wind field spray air current (11) that sink.
2. A coal-fired boiler for reducing the discharge amount of pollutants according to claim 1, characterized in that the first air supply pipes (15) are arranged on the four furnace walls of the furnace body (1), and the number, the size and the installation positions of the nozzles (18) of the first air supply pipes (15) arranged on each furnace wall are the same.
3. A coal fired boiler with reduced pollutant emissions according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet end of the nozzle (18) in the first air supply duct (15) is inclined downwardly by 5-15 °.
4. A coal-fired boiler for reducing the discharge amount of pollutants according to claim 1, characterized in that the furnace body (1) is further provided with a lower air supply zone (7) and a middle air supply zone (8), the lower air supply zone (7) is positioned below the combustion air supply zone (5), and the middle air supply zone (8) is positioned between the combustion air supply zone (5) and the burnout air supply zone (6);
the lower part air supply area (7) and the middle part air supply area (8) comprise at least one group of air supply assemblies, each air supply assembly comprises a diagonal air inlet (14), each diagonal air inlet (14) is used for supplying air into the furnace body (1) to form a tangential air field, a second air supply pipe (16) is arranged between every two adjacent diagonal air inlets (14), each second air supply pipe (16) comprises a pipe body (161), an air inlet (162) is formed in the end part of each pipe body (161), a plurality of air outlets (163) in the axial distribution of the pipe bodies (161) are formed, and the air inlets (162) of every two adjacent second air supply pipes (16) are close to different diagonal air inlets (14).
5. A coal fired boiler with reduced pollutant emissions according to claim 4, characterized in that the number of air supply modules of the lower air supply zone (7) is less than the number of air supply modules of the middle air supply zone (8).
6. A coal-fired boiler for reducing the emission of pollutants according to claim 4, characterized in that an upper air supply area (9) is arranged above the over-fired air supply area (6), the upper air supply area (9) comprises at least one group of air supply components, and the number of the air supply components of the upper air supply area (9) is more than that of the air supply components of the lower air supply area (7).
7. A coal-fired boiler for reducing the discharge amount of pollutants as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that a perlite layer (164) is laid on the tube body (161) of the second air supply pipe (16), the outer surface of the perlite layer (164) is covered with ceramic fiber cloth (165), and the air outlet (163) of the tube body (161) is detachably connected with the nozzle (18).
8. A coal-fired boiler for reducing the discharge of pollutants as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the distance between two adjacent air outlets (163) is gradually increased in the direction from the end of the pipe body (161) where the air inlet (162) is provided to the other end of the pipe body (161).
9. A coal fired boiler with reduced pollutant emissions according to claim 7, characterized in that the diameter of the outlet opening (163) or the outlet end of the nozzle (18) is gradually reduced in the direction from the end of the tube (161) where the inlet opening (162) is located to the other end of the tube (161).
10. The coal-fired boiler for reducing pollutant discharge amount according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that the nozzle (18) comprises a vertical section (184), a horizontal section (185) and a necking section (183) which are connected in sequence along the direction from the air inlet end to the air outlet end, the inner diameter of the necking section (183) is gradually reduced along the direction from the air inlet end to the air outlet end, and a spiral groove (182) which extends spirally along the inner wall is arranged on the inner wall of the vertical section (184), the horizontal section (185) and/or the necking section (183).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202122341166.8U CN215892330U (en) | 2021-09-26 | 2021-09-26 | Coal-fired boiler capable of reducing pollutant discharge |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202122341166.8U CN215892330U (en) | 2021-09-26 | 2021-09-26 | Coal-fired boiler capable of reducing pollutant discharge |
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